Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Véhicules à deux roues'
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Smaiah, Sarra. "Système de reconstruction de trajectoire pour véhicules deux roues motorisés." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS022.
Full textThe drivers of Powered Two Wheels vehicles are considered among the most vulnerable road users, as attested by the number of crashes increasing every year. The significant part of mortalities related to single vehicle “without identifying a third party” is related to the loss of control in bends. These thesis work is based on an instrumented motorcycle platform with a multi-sensor system. We have proposed algorithms to accurately reconstruct motorcycle trajectories achieved when negotiating bends. This system is intended to objectively evaluate and examine the behavior of drivers when negotiating bends in order to better train them. The goal is to lead them to adopt a safe trajectory in order to improve the road safety. Data required for the trajectory reconstruction are acquired using an instrumented motorcycle embedding several redundant sensors (reference sensors and low-cost sensors) that measure the rider’s actions (roll, steering) and the motorcycle behavior (position, velocity, acceleration, odometry, heading and attitude). This work is a part of the ARN project VIROLO++. The solution we have proposed allows to reconstruct bikes trajectories in bends with acceptable accuracy. The developed algorithm will be used to objectively evaluate and examine how riders negotiate bends. The embedded system carrying this algorithm can be used for the initial training and retraining in order to better train motorcycle drivers to estimate a safe trajectory and thus ensure safety when taking bends
Slimi, Hamid. "Système d'Assistance à la Conduite pour Véhicules à Deux-Roues Motorisés." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695715.
Full textDabladji, Mohammed el-Habib. "Vers un système de sécurité semi-actif pour les véhicules à deux-roues motorisés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLE017/document.
Full textRiders of Powered two-wheeled vehicles (P2WV) are among the most vulnerable drivers on roads. In France, riders of P2WVs are just 1.9% of road traffic, but account for 24% of road user deaths. This high rate of mortality may be explained by several factors. One of them is the lack of specific Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). In fact, because of the complexity of the P2WVs dynamics and the unavailability of some states (such as the steering torque, the roll angle and the lateral forces), it is more difficult to design specific ITS systems for P2WVs. In this context, my thesis aims the estimation of relevant dynamics of P2WVs. Firstly, a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) observer is proposed to estimate the lateral dynamics. The observer completely decouples the steering torque - which is considered as an unknown input (UI) - from the estimation error dynamics. Then, to estimate the lateral dynamics and the steering torque, another TS observer is proposed. The observer in question has a proportional derivative (PD) adaptation law to reconstruct the UI. However, in both observers, nonlinearities with respect to tire forces are neglected. To circumvent this difficulty, lateral forces are considered as UIs and they are algebraically estimated thanks to high order sliding mode observers. Finally, we focus on the longitudinal dynamics and propose an UI observer with a PD adaptation law to estimate the longitudinal forces and the thrust and braking torques. Once the lateral and longitudinal dynamics estimated, we were interested by the control of the braking system. In this context, a robust controller is proposed in order to optimize the braking for P2WVs. The controller is based on sliding mode techniques and allows the tracking of the longitudinal slip to a reference one. The latter is computed through a program inspired by MPPT algorithms. Finally, to validate the several observers developed in my thesis, an observer based controller using TS techniques is proposed in order to stabilize and automate an instrumented scooter and to track a reference roll angle
Houidi, Ajmi. "Nouvelle formulation de la dynamique du choc : application aux accidents des véhicules à deux roues." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0053/these.pdf.
Full textDamon, Pierre-Marie. "Estimation pour le développement de systèmes d'aide à la conduite des véhicules à deux-roues motorisés." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE034/document.
Full textThe road accident investigations are unanimous: Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles (P2WV) users are the most vulnerable on the road. In France, for a travelled kilometer, a P2WV rider has 24 times more risk to be killed than a car driver. In addition to being "naked" vehicles highly exposed to dangers, P2WV are naturally unstable with a precarious stability. That is why vehicle loss of control is clearly identified as a recurring problem into accident causation. By analogy with the driving assistance systems developed for cars (ABS, ESP, etc.), most of these accidents could be avoided with solutions dedicated to P2WV.This PhD takes place in this context and proposed original estimation algorithms. Indeed, some P2WV dynamic information, necessary for detecting risk situations, are not measurable or they require the use of costly sensors. For both technical or economic reasons, the use of observation techniques turns out to be an adequate solution in the development of P2WV riding assistance systems. Such techniques allow to estimate the vehicle dynamics while reducing the number of sensors and overcoming the unmeasurability of some dynamics states.A first part of my work is dedicated to model-based observers. In this context, an unknown input observer, a non-linear Luenberger observer and an algebraic observer were proposed. Whereas, the second part deals with the estimation based on visual perception techniques. In this last, a first algorithm was proposed to estimate the P2WV position on the road while predicting the road geometry. Then, an extension of this work was developed to reconstruct the P2WV roll angle using only images. Finally, a vision-based risk function was studied to characterize the P2WV steering behavior.All along this manuscript, the effectiveness of the proposed solutions were demonstrated through validations with the advanced simulator BikeSim framework or on experimental data
Nehaoua, Lamri. "Conception et réalisation d'une plateforme mécatronique dédiée à la simulation de conduite des véhicules deux-roues motorisés." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00419371.
Full textNehaoua, Lamri. "Conception et réalisation d’une plateforme mécatronique dédiée à la simulation de conduite des véhicules deux-roues motorisés." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EVRY0045/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with the design and realization of a dynamic mechanical platform intended to the motorcycle riding simulation. This dissertation is organized into several principal sections. First, a literature review is conducted to identify the driving simulation problematic in a general way by focusing on the simulator design. In this part, it was aware of the various mechanical architectures used previously as well as the related limitations. The choice of the simulator‘s mechanical architecture of is driven by the needs to have an sufficient perception during simulated driving situation. Our goal is to reproduce the most relevant inertial effects (acceleration, torque, ..) perceived in a real world driving. The second chapter discusses an exhaustive comparison between automotive vehicles dynamics against the two-wheeled vehicles against. Existing motorcycles dynamic models are adjusted and of have been adapted to meet our needs in terms of privileged inertial cues. The third chapter presents the design aspects, mechanical realization, characterization and identification of the motorcycle simulator developed within the framework of this thesis. It constitutes the main contribution of this research works. Finally, the last two chapters are dedicated to motion cueing /control algorithms and open-loop experimentation on the simulator’s platform. These tests were performed for the characterization and validation of performance of the entire simulation loop
Muzammel, Muhammad. "Développement d'un système d'avertissemment sonore, validé par EEG, basé sur des approches vision et acoustique pour la detection de véhicules approchants des véhicules moteur deux roues." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK019/document.
Full textIn many countries, motorcyclist fatality rate is much higher than that of other vehicle drivers. Among many other factors, motorcycle rear-end collisions are also contributing to these biker fatalities. Collision detection systems can be used to minimize these fatalities. However, most of the existing collision detection systems do not identify the type of potential hazard faced by motorcyclists. Every collision warning system used a distinctive collision detection technique, which limits its performance and makes it imperative to study its effectiveness. Unfortunately, no such work has been reported in that particular domain for motorcyclists. Therefore, it is important to study the physiological response of the motorcyclist against these collision warning systems. In this research, a rear end vehicle detection and classification method is presented for motorcyclists. For collision detection, vision technique and acoustic technique have been used. For visual and acoustic techniques, appearance features and power spectrum have been used, respectively, to detect the approaching vehicle at the rear end of the motorcycle. As for the vehicle classification, only an acoustic technique is utilized; an acoustic power spectrum and energy features are used to classify the approaching vehicles. Two types of datasets which are comprised of self-recorded datasets (obtained by placing a camera at the rear end of a motorcycle) and online datasets (for vision-based vehicle detection and for audio based vehicle classification techniques) are used for validation. Proposed methodology successfully detected and classified the vehicle for self-recorded datasets. Similarly, for online datasets, the higher true positive rate and less false detection rate has been achieved as compared to the existing state of the art methods. Moreover, an event-related potential (ERP) based physiological study has been performed on motorcyclists to investigate their responses towards the rear end collision warning system. Two types of auditory warnings (i.e., verbal and buzzer) are used for this warning system. To study the response of the motorcyclists, the N1, N2, P3, and N400 components have been extracted from the Electroencephalography (EEG) data. These introduced systems have shown positive effects at neural levels on motorcyclists and reduce their reaction time and attentional resources required for processing the target correctly. In summary, the proposed rear-end collision warning system with auditory verbal warnings significantly increases the alertness of the motorcyclist and can be helpful to avoid the possible rear-end collision scenarios
Larnaudie, Bruno. "Codesign, architecture fonctionnelle de fusion et architecture capteurs pour l'identification de situations accidentogènes : application à la sécurisation de véhicules deux-roues." Paris 11, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA112234.
Full textThis thesis was supported by SUMOTORI PREDIT project. This project has won the price of Technologies for safety. Both project and thesis are aimed to prove the feasibility of a safety system for two-wheeled vehicles. To solve these problems, we have realized the instrumentation of a two-wheeled vehicle. This instrumentation has been realized in two steps, the first one has consisted in a study of the adequate sensors to the dynamic of the motorbike and of the most optimal possible placement of those ones. The second part of the instrumentation has consisted in the realization of a multi-sensors recorder to acquire the whole sensors of the two-wheeled vehicle. This recorder falls within the scope of a Codesign reasoning, which has lead to achieve a dual-microcontroller architecture. The test bench of the recorder is in conformity with the real times constraint linked to our application. The whole instrumentation has been tested successfully, with a series of measurements. During this series, a stuntman fell with the instrumented two-wheeled vehicle. All these measurements constitute a data base of accidental situations (of more than 70 experiments), which is probably one of the first throughout the world. The examination of this database, in retiming all the scenarios experiments, have revealed “typical features” from sensors. These “typical features” from sensors are characteristic of the motorbike trajectories. The default of coherence of some “typical features” from sensors are good indicators about the falls of the motorbike. The three extracted indicators make it possible to detect the fall of the motorbike and thus answer the problematic of this thesis
Kerbouai, Hamza. "Modélisation, dimensionnement et optimisation d'un capteur hybride pour la détection des deux roues motorisées dans le trafic routier." Thesis, Belfort-Montbéliard, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BELF0260/document.
Full textFor several years the road safety numbers show the need to develop a technological tool that aims to know thepowered two wheelers vehicles behavior (2PW) to improve their security. From this problematic arise our researchworks that come under the project METRAMOTO (Powered two wheelers traffic measurement for road safety andrisks assessment). The main objective is modeling, sizing and optimization of an hybrid sensor consisted ofelectromagnetic loops and piezoelectric shock sensors. The idea is to use electromagnetic loops to discriminate the2PW presence from the other vehicles, combined with piezoelectric segments to detect the shocks produced by thevehicles wheels passage, all associated with a management algorithm and data processing. Today the sizing of thedetection systems based on electromagnetic loops or piezoelectric cables is done experimentally on controlled sitesusing several vehicles types. This technique requires significant test series which are costly and dangerous. Thisstudy aims to modeling the different interactions between the studied sensor and vehicles in order to its sizing.Electromagnetic and electromechanical models are developed to describe the different interactions that take placebetween electromagnetic loops on the one hand, between electromagnetic loops and vehicles on the other handand those between vehicle wheels and piezoelectric cable. On the basis of established models, a general approachis elaborated driving to sizing the hybrid sensor for any given road. We are also interested to the data processingcoming from the hybrid sensor for which we propose an approach to identifying the different vehicle categoriesincluding the 2PW. Two sensor configurations for two different roads are then proposed. They are associated atdata processing algorithms allowing the acquisition of loops and cables signals, the distinction between the differentvehicles classes, the estimation of the vehicles positions on the road and the measuring of their speed
Tirmant, Hélène. "Synthèse de lois de commande pour les modèles flous de type Takagi-Sugeno : application à un prototype de véhicule à deux roues." Valenciennes, 2004. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/81a56323-89dd-486d-8df5-61159b989971.
Full textThis document is divided in two main parts, a theoric one, which was developped in the LAMIH, and an application, in collaboration with the INRIA, Rocquencourt. As concern the theoric part, the non linear systems are represented by T-S fuzzy models. The stability analysis is based on the Lyapunov functions. By using quadratic Lyapunov functions, some new control laws perform the results find in the litterature, concerning the classical CDF (Compensation and Division for Fuzzy models) control law and concerning the robust PDC (Parallel Distributed Compensation)control law, based on uncertain T-S models. We give some results to obtain a fuzzy observer in the case of the premisses are non measurables. The results are either directly or by using some relaxations, in a LMI (Linear Matrix Inequalities) form and are solved efficiently. The application is based on the inverted pendulum principle and is a two wheeled vehicle named B2. Its goal is to reduce the problems due to the vehicles in the center of the towns. A T-S fuzzy model has been developped from the prototype parameters. Some robust PDC control laws, with and without observers were realised. A fuzzy observer helps to reject the perturbations. A comparison with a linear law and some robustness tests were presented. The results are good, the B2 is stabilised and the speed follows the state point given by a joystick
Dagonneau, Virginie. "Etude des liens entre immersion et présence pour la mise au point d'un simulateur de conduite de deux-roues motorisé." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00766116.
Full textHan, Xu. "Sécurité des véhicules à roues en milieu tout terrain." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063386.
Full textNdoudi-Likoho, Ange Désiré. "Commande non-linéaire des véhicules multi-corps à roues." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG0059.
Full textDoncque, Pierre. "Contribution à la liaison au sol des véhicules à 2 roues." Le Mans, 2003. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2003/2003LEMA1022.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this work is the design of new suspension systems for two-wheeled vehicles. This study based on a complete knowledge of mechanical actions between the ground and the wheels has eonducted to the design of the chassis and the front and rear wheel suspension whether they are guided for the rear wheel or pilot for the front wheel. The gyroscopic nature of the wheels has conducted this work also and their roll guidance revealed to be essential. The transition from a frame to a chassis and from a torsional rear arm to a very rigid structure between the rear wheel and the chassis characterises the modern evolution of motorcycles. The first chapter deals with the mechanical model including 4 solids: chassis, steering column and torus shaped wheels. It contains the drawing of ground contact points location which helps to understand the direct (with the hands) and indirect (without the hands) piloting strategy, the gravity and dynamic restoring actions (similar to gravity restoring action in constant radius bends). The 2nd chapter deals with wheel suspension mechanisms. For the rear wheel, it is a rod rocker single damper mechanism. Various technological solutions were proposed and lead to two patents. For the front wheel. A quasi exhaustive figure presents the various wheel guidance mechanisms according to the number of solids. This review study leads to anew guidance mechanism decoupling suspension and filtering. Lastly, the 3rd chapter deals with structural links between the wheels and the engine. This led to 2 chassis models of reticulated isostatic type (IRS) and a truncated pyramidal rear arm. In the motorcycle racing domain, the author developed the rear suspension rocker ; the lateral chassis and the pyramidal rear arm. This synthesis was found efficient immediately. G. Godier won the endurance championship in 1975 with a victory at Le Mans “Bol d’Or”
Tronson, Nicolas. "Detection des deux-roues par capteurs vidéo fixes." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECDN0040.
Full textThe objective of the work presented in this thesis is the creation of an optic system able to detect the two-wheeled vehicles in urban areas. To this prospect, we choose, owing to the limits of current systems primarily due to shadows cast by vehicles, thus penalizing their detection, to opt for a stereovision system. The originality of the system presented here is the optics and cameras placement choice. We use two cameras placed one above the other, oriented and aligned along a vertical axes. We choose this configuration for stability reasons, and because it makes it possible to cover the entire scene. Then, we study the system calibration, in one hand with a generic calibration tool for stereo systems, in the other hand with an approach specifically developed to consider the characteristics of the system. With regard to data processing, to perform the matching between images and thus obtain a 3D map, we propose three approaches. The first two are largely based on the state of the art. The third one, which was designed as a part of this thesis, is quite original and can target more precisely the search area by decomposing the 3D scene in different layers corresponding to different heights above the road level. To finally be able to detect, classify and track vehicles, 3D information providing the position and size of vehicles is integrated into an existing tracking software
Ait-Hammouda, Islam. "Modélisation hybride des algorithmes d'anti-blocage des roues (ABS)." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112075.
Full textIn this thesis we were interested on the problem of longitudinal control of vehicles, and more particularly on anti-lock brake algorithms or ABS. The main objective is to model and to study a category of anti-lock brake systems similar to those used in industry (based on deceleration thresholds). Starting from the analysis of the system's trajectories, we will propose conditions on the deceleration thresholds that optimize the braking force of the vehicle. Then, we will be interested in the impact of discontinuous transitions of road characteristics on the system's dynamic. An ABS algorithm that deals with this type of phenomena is proposed and studied. It will be also useful to analyze, using simulations, the impact of vertical force variation on the ABS algorithms performances. Nowadays, The safety systems interaction offers new advisabilities to increase vehicle performances and to improve the driver's comfort. This pushed us to study the interaction between the ABS algorithms of the four wheels. Some solutions that deal with problems such as: the increase of efforts at the wheel, the lack of satisfactory conditions to the estimate the vehicle's speed (to guarantee at least one wheel in the stable zone of the tire), are proposed. The last part of this thesis is devoted to the trajectory following of a vehicle with point of vision. Feedback static controllers (Saturation Type) are proposed. The objective of this part being to introduce the study of a driver model, which will be useful for the analysis of the of the performances of ABS algorithms performances
Moskal, A. "Epidémiologie du traumatisme routier chez les deux-roues motorisés." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00544028.
Full textMartinez, Molina John Jairo. "Commande de l'inter-distance entre deux véhicules." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00138250.
Full textLes contributions de ce travail concernent principalement le développement d'un nouveau modèle de référence de l'inter-distance, la conception d'un contrôleur longitudinal associé et son application aux systèmes d'aide à la conduite, comme les systèmes d'avertissement de l'inter-distance, les systèmes d'anti-collisions et les systèmes de mitigation des collisions. Le modèle de référence de l'inter-distance peut être employé dans des scénarios comme l'Adaptive cruise control et le Stop&go. Le modèle proposé est non-linéaire et fournit des solutions dynamiques qui a priori vérifient simultanément des critères de confort (accélérations et jerk bornés) et des critères de sécurité (c.-à-d. la prévention de collisions). Le modèle de référence de l'inter-distance est basé sur des lois physiques de contact mécanique. Une particularité de ce modèle est que ses solutions peuvent être décrites par des courbes intégrales explicites. Ceci permet de caractériser explicitement l'ensemble des états initiaux pour lequel les critères de sécurité et de confort sont vérifiés.
La commande longitudinale et le modèle de référence de l'inter-distance ont été testés tant en simulation qu'en expérimentation, ce qui permet d'évaluer la performance et la potentialité é de cette approche.
Lizarraga-Navarro, David-Antonio. "Contributions a la stabilisation de systèmes non-linéaires et à la commande de véhicules sur roues." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0029.
Full textChauvet, Christian. "Etude et contrôle des projections d'eau issues des roues de véhicules lourds circulant sur route mouillée." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2315.
Full textBamas, Stanislas Marie Maximilien. "Deux roues et transports collectifs à Ouagadougou : à la recherche d'une articulation." Bordeaux 3, 1995. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=1995BOR30026.
Full textThe transportion system in ouagadougou shows various specificities which make it different from what exists in other african capitals : walking represents a very small part of it, bikes and motorbikes are a majority, and the collective transportation knows a crisis. The fact that bikes and motorbikes were generalized, as they became more and more socially valuable while their number grew, induced a rather important rate of equipment in personnal transportation means within families, which allows a high global mobility, probably the highest mobility that can be noted in the whole of subsaharan africa. Nevertheless, this mobility shows differenciations according to socio-demographic (gender, age, matrimonial status) and socio-economic (studies level, socio-professionnel status, income level) factors. It is also affected with the spatial characterisation of the city through the fact that the since of the town favours the choices of users for cycles, and adversely the means of transportation are differently space-consuming, and favour specific types of urbanization. Granted to their easy use, the cycles are present as well in plotted housing zones as in non-organized ones, on the asphalted road as well as on those which are not. While this phenomenon made easier the crossing of the urban space, this mode of transportation has allowed a short of generalized accessibility to urban functions, and favoured (in a synergy with the land ownership practices). .
Chapin, Vincent. "Contribution a la simulation numerique de l'interaction aerodynamique de deux roues ailetees." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066052.
Full textBouton, Nicolas. "Stabilité dynamique des véhicules légers tout-terrain." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CLF21978.
Full textAttal, Ferhat. "Classification de situations de conduite et détection des événements critiques d'un deux roues motorisé." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PEST1003/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop framework tools for analyzing and understanding the riding of Powered Two Wheelers (PTW). Experiments are conducted using instrumented PTW in real context including both normal (naturalistic) riding behaviors and critical riding behaviors (near fall and fall). The two objectives of this thesis are the riding patterns classification and critical riding events detection. In the first part of this thesis, a machine-learning framework is used for riding pattern recognition problem. Therefore, this problem is formulated as a classification task to identify the class of riding patterns. The approaches developed in this context have shown the interest to take into account the temporal aspect of the data in PTW riding. Moreover, we have shown the effectiveness of hidden Markov models for such problem. The second part of this thesis focuses on the development of the off-line detection and classification of critical riding events tools and the on-line fall detection. The problem of detection and classification of critical riding events has been performed towards two steps: (1) the segmentation step, where the multidimensional time of data were modeled and segmented by using a mixture model with quadratic logistic proportions; (2) the classification step, which consists in using a pattern recognition algorithm in order to assign each event by its extracted features to one of the three classes namely Fall, near Fall and Naturalistic riding. Regarding the fall detection problem, it is formulated as a sequential anomaly detection problem. The Multivariate CUmulative SUM (MCUSUM) control chart was applied on the data collected from sensors mounted on the motorcycle. The obtained results on a real database have shown the effectiveness of the proposed methodology for both riding pattern recognition and critical riding events detection problems
Houidi, Ajmi Dogui Abdelwaheb Fayet Michel. "Nouvelle formulation de la dynamique du choc application aux accidents des véhicules à deux roues /." Villeurbanne : Doc'INSA, 2005. http://docinsa.insa-lyon.fr/these/pont.php?id=houidi.
Full textThèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 137-141.
Coquelet, Cécile. "Les différences de sexe chez les conducteurs de deux roues motorisés : approches sociologique et psycho-sociale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0195/document.
Full textThe powered two-wheelers (PTW) riders’ accidentality is at the heart of road safety issues. This PhD thesis is part of a comprehensive approach to generate knowledge on sex differences and sex stereotypes conformity within this very masculine stereotyped community. It first showed that female motorcyclists have much lower injury crashes and fatalities rates than males. A first study showed that males declared more intentional risky behaviors and female more non-intentional risky behaviors. A second study showed that the PTW type chosen had a more important effect on the aberrant behaviors than sex. A third study showed that individuals who conformed to masculine stereotypes declared more violations than those who conformed to feminine stereotypes (declared more lapses), whatever their sex. Motivations to ride a PTW explaining this relation. Finally, this work showed that sex stereotypes associated with motorcycle riding already existed on the adolescent population, from the age of 11, even if they are themselves moped riders or if at least one of their parents is a rider. As a conclusion, significant differences between male and female PTW riders were revealed, in terms of accidentology and risk taking. These differences are linked to the riders’ conformity to their sex group and to the effects of this conformity on their motivations to ride a PTW. Moreover, it also showed that sex stereotypes exist for this specific road users’ population. This work led to a more detailed understanding of PTW riders’ aberrant behaviors, and to enrich the thinking for actions with regard to road safety education and prevention
Costa, Laura. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique d'un deux-roues motorisé pour la reconstruction d'accidents et la détection d'incidents." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0597.
Full textPowered two-wheeler (PTW) users are among the most vulnerable, the mortality and accident rates can be partially explained by the problems associated with the vehicle dynamics specific to the PTW. Hence the decision to approach this problem and to study the dynamics of this category of vehicle in order to model the behavior of a PTW during the pre-crash phase taking into account the specificities necessary for the reconstruction of accidents. A multibody model with 6 bodies and 11 degrees of freedom able to reproduce the dynamic behavior of a motorcycle during the execution of emergency maneuvers has been developed. Once the model implemented in Sim Mechanics, we have instrumented a motorcycle to verify the validity of the model. Indeed, the dynamic parameters of the motorcycle were recorded during the realization of slalom and avoidance maneuvers. The driver's actions, like the torque applied on the handlebar by the driver and the speed of the vehicle, were injected into the model and the results obtained numerically and experimentally were compared. Once the numerical model was validated, we used it for accident reconstruction purposes. To do this, we have introduce a methodology: cross the scene of the accident with the instrumented motorcycle to collect the actions of the driver in normal driving situation, extrapolate these data to the emergency situation in order to inject them into the model in order to sweep the different configurations possible. After a thorough analysis of the simulation results, we can estimate, for example, the speed at the moment of the impact or the action to be taken or not carried out by the driver and which led to the accident
Pacitto, Jean-Claude. "Le partenariat outil de gestion ? : stratégies de sous-traitance offensive dans l'industrie italienne des deux roues." Paris 9, 1992. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1992PA090026.
Full textAt the end of the seventies the European motorcycle industry entered a decline which seems irremediable. Nevertheless, at the beginning of the eighties new facturers are successful in entering the market and retaining their position. This success can be explained by the implementation of a production adapted strategy, "the partenariat", which is distinguished by a mass recourse to subcontracting and by an original product policy. The partenariat appeared as a specific mode of resource allocation with a view to facing precise competitive contexts. In this respect, we have no doubt about its contingency but it also depends on the viability of the selected strategies. In the same way, the coherence of partnership system will depend on the capacity of the key companies to manage the dependence on resources generated by the competitive context
Nizard, Ange. "Planification et commande pour véhicules à deux trains directeurs en milieu encombré." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC061/document.
Full textThe next sector to be highly automated is probably road transport. First in an uncomplicated environment as is already the case on highway, then eventually in the most difficult scenarios, such as those encountered at the heart of the urban traffic. An intermediate step is to introduce autonomous vehicles in urban areas, but outside traffic, as on closed sites. These environments have particular characteristics, they can be very cluttered. So to be able to navigate autonomously, the vehicles have to be agile, precise and safe, but also efficient, i.e. fast. This thesis addresses two key issues of autonomous navigation in cluttered environments: path planning and tracking for bi-steerable (4WS) vehicles. Indeed, the 4WS kinematics is the response of the manufacturers to the need for agility and requires the development of adapted control techniques. Real-time path planning allows the avoidance of obstacles in order to make the service robust to the vagaries of the environment. The automatic control of the direction then makes it possible to follow these paths with precision. The main difficulty about path planning is the contrast between the low onboard computing power and the high temporal constraints imposed by the need for reactivity. It is thus necessary to choose the appropriate approach and to implement the most efficient algorithmic simplifications, i.e. reducing the amount of calculations without reducing the quality of the generated paths. In addition, path planning in cluttered environment raises the problem of dead-ends in which the most reactive methods remain stuck. Then, the adopted approach consists in constructing a navigation function in two dimensions from which the path is extracted. In the sense of the chosen criteria, it is optimal for a circular vehicle. Strategies are then put in place to adapt this algorithm to 4WS vehicles of rectangular shape, such as the central dual-path concept which allows to represent the trajectory of a mobile with three degrees of freedom in a two-dimensional space. Finally, other strategies and heuristics are introduced to optimize the performance of the planning algorithm and allow it to generate efficient maneuvers. Concerning the development of the controller, it is about choosing the evolution model which best reflects the behavior of the vehicle with respect to the dual-path that it must follow and then deducing the front and rear control laws. The 4WS bicycle model has shown itself to be very effective. This kinematic model makes it possible to easily introduce useful side-slip angles allowing to compensate the slippage of the tires on the ground, whether due to a lack of grip or an imperfect geometry of the axles. State feedback control laws are then synthesized and a strategy for managing the saturation of the actuators is proposed. Finally, this first controller is declined in a predictive version that provides a very stable tracking on real vehicles.The contributions were all evaluated in simulation and in full-scale experiments on the EZ10, an industrial 4WS electric shuttle. Finally, it turns out that the performances exceed initial expectations
Nehaoua, Lamri Kheddar Abderrahmane. "Conception et réalisation d'une plateforme mécatronique dédiée à la simulation de conduite des véhicules deux-roues motorisés." S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0045.pdf.
Full textAckermann, Claire-Lise. "Cognition implicite et comportement du consommateur : application à deux marques de véhicules automobiles." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT4031.
Full textAttitude is an object-evaluation association, which is automatically activated by mere presentation of the attitude object. Implicit Cognition theory proposes a conceptual distinction between evaluations that are the products of introspection, called explicit attitudes. And automatic evaluations that may exist outside of conscious awareness, called implicit attitudes. This focusing on non conscious and automatic processes, has widely been neglected by consumer research. The new implicit measures assess automatic associative evaluations without introspection: among those new measuring tools. The Implicit Association Test (IAT) shows the best psychometric properties and is the most commonly used in consumer research. Our research revealed that the implicit attitude concept and the IAT are a viable concept and a reliable measure for research on innovation. Our research has also revealed that personal involvement and innovativeness affect the strength of the relationship between implicit attitude and explicit attitude. But that this moderating effect is not significant. These results suggest that the IAT may be instrumental in the market research methods used by marketers during the whole innovation process. They also reveal additional subjects of research such as: building an integrative framework to determine when the use of the IAT is relevant in innovation research; understanding better the impact of Brand Equity on consumer behaviour through an implicit cognitive approach ; integrating the implicit attitude concept in the hierarchy-of-effects models linking representations and both explicit and implicit attitudes
Imine, Hocine. "Contribution au développement de systèmes d'aide à la conduite : cas des poids lourds et des deux roues motorisés." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, UNIVERSITE DE VALENCIENNES ET DU HAINAUT-CAMBRESIS, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00869342.
Full textWu, Dan. "Quantification des causes des accidents de deux / trois-roues motorisés et de leurs conséquences corporelle (approche épidémiologique)s." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1175/document.
Full textBackground: Motorized two-wheelers (MTW) are evolving rapidly and the vulnerability of their users is becoming more obvious. MTW users were the most vulnerable road users, accounting for 23 % of all road traffic fatalities worldwide in 2013, in front of pedestrians (22 %). In this context, the safety of MTW users has become a serious concern in most countries. In contrast to many public health problems, the main factors of MTW road safety have been identified. The issue today is to quantify their effects on the occurrence of accidents and to measure the effects of protective devices. The present thesis aims to better understand the interaction problems between MTW drivers and automobilists according to different accident configurations (in particular at intersection), to identify and assess the effect of critical factors on the risk of MTW loss-of-control crashes, and to measure the effectiveness of protective clothing (motorcycle jacket, trousers, gloves, knee-high or ankle boots, back protection) for MTW users. Data: This study used MTW accident data collected in a French project VOIESUR, injury data from the Rhône Registry, plus data collected by means of a postal survey which was conducted among 7148 MTW riders injured between 2010 and 2014 and identified in the Rhône Registry. Results: We confirmed the problem of motorcycle detection for other road users. In the similar conditions, the motorists have more difficulty to detect a motorcycle than a car oncoming, in particular at intersections. The following factors are associated with the occurrence of motorcycle loss-of-control accidents: alcohol use, motorcycle type, weekend vs. weekday, road alignment, road adhesion and traveling speed. We emphasize that poor road adhesion significantly increases the risk of losing control, especially when deteriorated road adhesion is encountered unexpectedly, due to the presence of loose gravel, ice, oil, potholes, etc. on the roadway. In case of accident, motorcycle clothing protects users from injury. It can protect riders against injuries such as dermabrasion and laceration, but not against more serious injuries, such as fracture and sprain, except for boots, which reduce foot-and-ankle fracture risk. No effect of dorsal protectors was shown. Full-face helmets provide significantly greater protection against facial injury than do other helmets. However, no significant difference of protection against skull or brain injury is found between the two types of helmets. Conclusion: Our results highlight the problem of MTW detection for motorists at intersections and the important role of road conditions in the occurrence of accidents resulting from loss of control of MTW. It is recommended for motorists to pay extra attention to priority vehicles oncoming from their left or the opposite direction, before turning left at an intersection, especially to MTW. Regular road maintenance and immediate installment of appropriate warning signs concerning road deterioration are also highly recommended in consideration of MTW safety. Finally, our results support road safety organizations’ recommendation that protective clothing be worn: this should be more systematic for MTW users, the same for the use of full-face helmets
Lechner, Daniel. "Analyse du comportement dynamique des véhicules routiers légers : développement d'une méthodologie appliquée à la sécurité primaire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2002. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T1892_dlechner.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to show how the knowledge of road vehicle dynamics can contribute to improve the primary safety level for the driver-vehicle-road system. After a presentation of the modeling tools used, mainly the multibody system modeling software MORGAN'S, taking advantage of the Lie Group formalism, the first part of the thesis deals with the development of different dynamic models for passenger cars. Their validity area is than determined by comparing simulation results with data collected on an instrumented car, driven by a professional driver on test tracks on a large panel of manoeuvers. This work clearly put in evidence, and mainly for application to accident analysis, the interest of simple models, with only 3 degrees of freedom for the car body, but for which many care is taken for their parameterization. In the second part of the thesis, the model with the best compromise between parameter simplicity, operating easiness and validity, is developed in order to emulate the intervention of stability control systems : models including 4WS and yaw moment control by differential braking are created. The potential of such devices to enable a significant improvement of primary safety appears really promising. In parallel, a specific model has been developed to be embedded on an instrumented car to run jointly with the acquisition device. The information coming from sensors is combined with the one coming from the model to build what has been called the "real time active safety diagnosis", showing different operating points characterizing the driver-vehicle system behaviour. This device could be further developed to identify objective criteria for the activation of stability control systems. In addition to the different vehicle dynamic models created, the final product of this thesis is thus a demonstrator of this innovating concept of active safety diagnosis, taking advantage of an embedded model
Hubert, Annie. "Caractérisation du comportement dynamique de véhicules de transport par des fonctions globales spatiales : application a la caractérisation du confort de véhicules guidés à deux niveaux." Valenciennes, 1990. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b2715ece-1a9d-4de2-948c-1e2b84f95eda.
Full textTamisier, Damien. "La communication engageante au service d'une problématique de sécurité routière : la réduction de la vitesse des conducteurs de deux-roues motorisées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0497.
Full textSpeed is a major road safety issue and is identified as one of the main risk factors for accident rate and aggravation of two-wheelers drivers (2WD) injuries. Road safety campaigns resorting persuasive communication which seeks to change the attitude of road users in order to impact behaviour showed contrasting effects. Considering the strength of 2W drivers' attitudes towards speed allows reporting on the limitations of persuasion which encouraged a paradigmatic renewal through the adoption of an alternative methodology.The articulation of knowledge accumulated in the field of persuasive communication with that of the insights drawn from the theory of commitment has given rise to the development of a new combinatorial approach. The binding communication proposes to precede the exhibition with a persuasive message of an inexpensive and systematically accepted act by all individuals. The optimization of this protocol consists in determining the preparatory act and persuasive message making it possible to increase the acceptance rate of the problematic target request.Overall, our research studies tend to confirm the superior effectiveness of binding communication over the persuasive communication with regards to many criteria: intention, behavioral amplitude and self-reported behaviors. Besides, the binding communication seems to attest to its influence on actual speed behavior, if not related to riding style of motorcyclists
Ghoudi, Samir. "Approches de résolution en deux phases pour le problème de tournées de véhicules en région sinistrée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30161/30161.pdf.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem of distribution of humanitarian aid in disaster areas. The objective is to deliver humanitarian aid to the affected areas from a set of distribution centers, by using a fleet of heterogeneous vehicles. Given the particular emergency situation, the distribution is planned to meet the demand of affected areas for each type of humanitarian aid in the shortest possible time, taking into account both the travel and products loading and unloading times. In this thesis, we propose a two-phase solution approach in order to improve the quality of the solution obtained using the heuristic approach previously proposed by Berkoune et al. (2011). A series of experiments are run to assess the quality of the solutions obtained with the developed algorithm. The obtained results showed that the developed approach can solve the problem to optimality for the majority of the instances, avoiding an exhaustive enumeration of all possible combinations. An evaluation of the choice of stopping condition and three Variants of the developed algorithm are also proposed. The obtained results show that when the problem size becomes large, the proposed improvements provide a good alternative to reduce the total computation time and improve the quality of the obtained solution. Keywords: Emergency logistics, vehicle routing, split delivery, mathematical modeling and heuristics.
La, Lance Arnaud de. "Etude du comportement du système pneumatique-sol appliquée à la mobilité des véhicules terrestres." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20176.
Full textMarques, Guillaume. "Problèmes de tournées de véhicules sur deux niveaux pour la logistique urbaine : approches basées sur les méthodes exactes de l'optimisation mathématique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0199.
Full textThe main focus of this thesis is to develop mathematical optimization based exact methods to solve vehicle routing problems in two-level distribution systems. In such a system, the first level involves trucks that ships goods from a distribution center to intermediate depots called satellites. The second level involves city freighters that are loaded with goods at satellites and deliver the customers. Each customer must be visited once. The two-echelon vehicle routing problem seeks to minimize the total transportation cost in such a distribution system.The first chapter gives an overview of the branch-and-cut-and-price framework that we use throughout the thesis.The second chapter tackles the Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem. We introduce a new route based formulation for the problem which does not use variables to determine product flows in satellites. We propose a new branching strategy which significantly decreases the size of the branch-and-bound tree. Most importantly, we suggest a new family of satellite supply inequalities, and we empirically show that it improves the quality of the dual bound at the root node of the branch-and-bound tree. Experiments reveal that our algorithm can solve all literature instances with up to 200 customers and 10 satellites. Thus, we double the size of instances which can be solved to optimality.The third chapter tackles the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows. We consider the variant with precedence constraints at the satellites: products should be delivered by an urban truck to a satellite before loading them to a city freighter. This is a relaxation of the synchronisation variant usually considered in the literature. We consider single-trip and multi-trip variants of this problem. In the first one, city freighters start from satellites and do a single trip. In the second one, city freighters start from a depot, load product at satellites, and do several trips. We introduce a route based formulation that involves an exponential number of constraints to ensure precedence relations. A minimum-cut based algorithm is proposed to separate these constraints. We also show how these constraints can be taken into account in the pricing problem of the column generation approach. Experiments show that our algorithm can solve to optimality instances with up to 100 customers. The algorithm outperforms significantly another recent approach proposed the literature for the single-trip variant of the problem. Moreover, the “precedence relaxation” is exact for single-trip instances.The fourth chapter considers vehicle routing problems with knapsack-type constraints in the master problem. For these problems, we introduce new route load knapsack cuts and separation routines for them. We use these cuts to solve to optimality three problems: the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Capacitated Multiple Depots, the standard Location-Routing Problem, and the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Shifts. These problems arise when routes at first level of the two-level distribution system are fixed. Our experiments reveal computational advantage of our algorithms over ones from the literature
Klein, Achim. "Annoyance indicators for various urban road vehicle pass-by noises and urban road traffic noise combined with tramway noise." Thesis, Vaulx-en-Velin, Ecole nationale des travaux publics, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENTP0002/document.
Full textNoise pollution is a major concern for residents of urban areas. To date, the European directive 2002/49/CE requires member states to represent community noise through noise maps. These are produced using the Lden (day-evening-night level) index which is also employed for dose-effect relationships in noise annoyance prediction. However, for the assessment of noise annoyance in urban areas, its relevance is often questioned. Numerous studies have shown that noise annoyance due to community noise is not solely based on the sound pressure level and other acoustical signal characteristics such as temporal and spectral features influence noise annoyance ratings. This thesis aims to improve the assessment of noise annoyance due to various road vehicle noises in cities. It is based on experiments carried out in laboratory conditions and comprises two main parts. The first addresses the enhancement of the physical and perceptual characterization of annoyance due to various urban road vehicle pass-by noises, such as buses, poweredtwo- wheelers, heavy vehicles and light vehicles. A specific focus is put on the characterization of annoyance due to powered-two-wheelers which are among the most annoying road vehicles and studied little in the existing literature. An indicator accounting for annoyance-relevant auditory attributes of urban road vehicle pass-by noises is determined: it comprises loudness, a spectral index and two modulation indices proposed in this work. In urban agglomerations, people are often exposed to road traffic in presence of a variety of other environmental noise sources. The focal point of the second part is on the prediction of total annoyance due to urban road traffic noise combined with tramway noise. In the aim of adequately characterizing total annoyance, first the perceptual phenomena involved in annoyance due to the combination of the sources are studied. Furthermore, the analysis allows for the testing of the proposed noise annoyance indicator for the characterization of urban road traffic noise. To characterize annoyance due to tramway noise, an indicator determined in a recent study is employed. Based on these indicators and the findings regarding perceptual phenomena, models for the prediction of total annoyance due to combined urban road traffic and tramway noise are proposed
Garrido, Carpio Fernando José. "Planification locale de trajectoires à deux étapes basée sur l’interpolation des courbes optimales pré-planifiées pour une conduite humaine en milieu urbain." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM065/document.
Full textIntelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) developments are conceived to improve transportation reducing accidents, transport time and fuel consumption, while increasing driving security, comfort and efficiency. The final goal of ITS is the development of ADAS for assisting in the driving tasks, up to the development of the fully automated vehicle. Despite last ADAS developments achieved a partial-automation level, current systems are not robust enough to achieve fully-automated level in short term. Urban environments pose a special challenge, since the dynamism of the scene forces the navigation algorithms to react in real-time to the eventual changes, respecting at the same time traffic regulation and avoiding collisions with other road users. On this basis, this PhD thesis proposes a two-staged local planning approach to provide a solution to the navigation problem on urban environments. First, static information of both road and vehicle constraints is considered to generate the optimal curve for each feasible turn configuration, where several databases are generated taking into account different position of the vehicle at the beginning and ending points of the curves, allowing the real-time planner to analyze concavity changes making use of the full lane width.Then, actual road layout is contemplated in the real-time process, where both the available distance and the sharpness of upcoming and consecutive turns are studied to provide a human-like driving style optimizing two curves concurrently, offering that way an extended planning horizon. Therefore, the real-time planning process searches the optimal junction point between curves. Optimality criteria minimizes both curvature peaks and abrupt changes on it, seeking the generation of continuous and smooth paths. Quartic Béziers are the interpolating-based curve algorithm used due to their properties, allowing compliance with road limits and kinematic restrictions, while allowing an easy manipulation of curves. This planner works both for static and dynamic environments. Obstacle avoidance features are presented based on the generation of a virtual lane which modifies the static path to perform each of the two lane change maneuvers as two curves, converting the problem into a static-path following. Thus, a fast solution can be found benefiting from the static local planner. It uses a grid discretization of the scene to identify the free space to build the virtual road, where the dynamic planning criteria is to reduce the slope for the lane changes. Both simulation and experimental test have been carried out to validate the approach, where vehicles performs path following on static and dynamic environments adapting the path in function of the scenario and the vehicle, testing both with low-speed cybercars and medium-speed electic platforms, showing the modularity of the system
Arioui, Hichem. "Conception, Mécatronique et Contrôle des Plateformes dédiées aux Applications Centrées Humain." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00621269.
Full textZhang, Xian. "Fault-tolerant control scheme for linear systems with input constraints and actuator faults." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10013/document.
Full textIn this thesis, we deal with the FTC design problem for a linear system with both input constraints and actuator faults. For the nominal system, a low-high gain controller is designed based on the Lyapunov stability theory and the solution of LMI. An iterative Ricatti equation algorithm is given to find such controller. Based on the designed controller, with the analysis of the linear system subject to actuator saturation, the invariant ellipsoids of attraction and performance regions are calculated. For the case that the initial state is not within the attraction region, a novel methodology based on the reference adjustment technique is proposed in the thesis to achieve large-region stabilization. For the system with certain actuator faults, the fault's influence is analyzed first, its size and the time when it happens will decide whether the system is stable or not and will influence the system's performance. Then two main FTC design methods (PFTC and AFTC) are used to cope with faults and actuator saturation together. The proposed PFTC and AFTC methods have both their restrictions when dealing with the input saturation problem: Since the passive fault-tolerant controller is designed for presumed faults, it can guarantee that the system operates with degraded performance in a small stability region which is decided by the worst fault case. For the AFTC method, the degraded performance caused by faults will be recovered by designing an observer to obtain the fault information. However, its control capability will be reduced due to the fault, and it is hard to analyze the system's stability region. Based on the existing performance analysis principle and the implementation results of PFTC and AFTC, a novel fault-tolerant control scheme based on the reference adjustment technique is proposed to guarantee the system's performance in an acceptable region. Several academic examples are taken all along the thesis to illustrate the methods. Finally, the methodology is applied to the path tracking problem of an autonomous electric vehicle (EV) which has four electromechanical wheel-driven (4WD vehicle) systems under normal and faulty conditions
Bougard, Clément. "Comportement des conducteurs de deux roues motorisés : influences de l’heure de la journée et de la privation de sommeil sur les performances de conduite réelle et simulée : Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux." Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2071.
Full textThe aim of this work consists in improving knowledge concerning the cognitive and physical resources underlying motorcycle riding as well as riding performance itself. More specifically, we studied time-of-day and sleep deprivation effects of on these components. To reach this goal, six studies have been done. Innovating tools such as an instrumented vehicle and a riding simulator have been used as well as different levels of analysis. Taken together, these studies revealed a daily fluctuation of motorcycle riding performances, as it had been shown earlier for car driving. Motorcycle riding performance, as well as its underlying resources, increases during the day, from a low level at 06:00 h to a high level at 18:00 h. It is still the case when wake-up occurred 1 or 2 hours before driving and/or when participants had a light breakfast. Furthermore, this daily fluctuation of riding performances still appears after total sleep deprivation. However, the amplitude of this fluctuation decreases. During short term riding tests, riders appear to proceed to compensations between their different resources, in the sense that they regulate the level of activation of each resource to keep the global riding performance to an acceptable level. However, over 30 h of sleeplessness, especially when the task complexity increases, the negative effects of sleep deprivation are increased. In conclusion, these studies have a direct impact in regards to road safety and confirm the necessity to take into account the dangers of riding in a state of reduced vigilance
Gashaw, Sosina Mengistu. "Modélisation de trafic routier hétérogène pour systèmes de transport intelligents." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4202/document.
Full textThis dissertation models and analyzes heterogeneous traffic flow, with a particular focus on mixed traffic flow consisting of cars and two-wheelers. The increase in traffic congestion induces commuters to switch to powered two wheelers (PTWs), i.e. motorcycle, mopeds and scooters, because of their high maneuverability and space efficiency. The growth in number of PTWs, combined with their unique mobility features, results in complex traffic characteristics which are difficult to recreate with the existing modeling approaches. We develop an analytical model that can accurately reproduce the traffic features in a mixed flow of cars and PTWs. The traffic stream is decomposed into two vehicle classes, PTWs and cars. The fundamental properties are derived by employing a porous flow approach. It is assumed that the speed of a vehicle class is dictated by the physical and motion properties of the vehicle class, and the distribution of free spaces on the road. We propose an approximation method to derive the free-space distribution. In order to explore broader aspects of the traffic flow characteristics, notably required by intelligent transport system (ITS) applications, we formulate the model in the Lagrangian and the Eulerian frameworks. Further, we provide a numerical method for the discretization of the mathematical model. We analyze the flow characteristics of mixed PTWs and cars traffic and identify important properties, which give insights for future ITS solutions and traffic policy makers. The applicability of the model for different ITS applications is illustrated. Finally, the developed model is validated using a microsimulation tool
Chekoubi, Zakaria. "Problème intégré de dimensionnement de lots et de tournées de véhicules avec remanufacturing des produits en fin de vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0209.
Full textIn a traditional supply chain, production, inventory and distribution operations are treated separately due to the complexity of jointly planning these operations and the lack of information shared among stakeholders. Today, in order to face the fierce competition in the global market, companies are forced to jointly plan these activities in order to benefit from the economic and environmental benefits generated by this integration. Among the optimization problems existing in the literature, the integrated planning problem which jointly optimizes production, inventory management, distribution and vehicle routes decisions, has recently received considerable attention, despite its NP-hardiness. Indeed, its benefits in terms of synchronization between processes, cost reduction and improved service level can be significant. In addition, the optimization of this problem in the context of closed-loop supply chains with End-of-Life Product (EOL) management leads to the development of increasingly sustainable supply chains. Furthermore, growing concerns about environmental issues linked to industrial activities have led to the emergence of policies to control carbon emissions. Taking these regulations into account can have a positive impact on the company's environmental responsibility. To meet these challenges, the objective of this thesis is to design models and develop optimization approaches to solve an integrated planning problem of production, remanufacturing, storage and direct-reverse distribution operations. We considered a closed-loop supply chain consisting of a production line for new products, a remanufacturing line for returned EOL products, two types of inventories for reusable products and EOL ones to be remanufactured, as well as customers with dynamic demands for delivery and pickups. The goal is to determine the optimal amounts to produce, remanufacture and store, as well as the order of visiting customers in order to meet their requests simultaneously for delivery and pickup, while minimizing the total cost due to the involved operations. First, a linear integer model is proposed to optimize the supply chain system by considering one or more vehicles with limited capacity. The second part of the thesis concerns the development of a two-phase decomposition heuristic to solve the extended integrated model. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the integration of carbon dioxide emissions into production, remanufacturing, inventory and distribution decisions and to study the behavior of carbon emission levels in the context of cap-and-trade policy. Numerical experiments make it possible to demonstrate the applicability and the limits of our approaches
Cherta, Ballester Oscar. "Evaluation biomécanique d'un dispositif de protection airbag pour motocycliste." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0207.
Full textPowered two-wheelers (PTW) users represent 28% of world traffic fatalities and 18% of traffic deaths in the European Union. Provide effective protective equipment for motorcyclists seems critical to reduce their mortality and morbidity. Wearable airbag protectors aim to protect the trunk of the motorcyclist, but evaluating the effectiveness of these safety devices remains complex due to its dependence on many factors related to the accident and to the airbag itself.The objective of this research project is to better understand motorcyclist trunk trauma in order to propose a relevant evaluation method for the improvement of wearable airbag protectors’ design and development. This work is divided into three main parts:1. Epidemiological and accidentological studies allowed identifying the thorax as the most vulnerable region of the trunk and collisions with cars as the most frequent accident scenarios.2. Multibody simulations showed that during the accident, trunk impacts with the car are more frequent and more severe than impacts against the ground. The frontal region of the thorax is the most impacted zone of the trunk and sustains the most severe impacts.3. Finite element simulations focused on the motorcyclist allowed developing a new method to evaluate the protection capacities of wearable airbag protectors against realistic impact conditions.Based on injury criteria from the literature, our method showed the effectiveness of the airbag device in mitigating ribcage and internal organ injuries as well as the benefits of wearing the protector under a motorcycle jacket
Prabhakar, Yadu. "Detection and counting of Powered Two Wheelers in traffic using a single-plane Laser Scanner." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973472.
Full textAllouche, Benyamine. "Modélisation et commande des robots : nouvelles approches basées sur les modèles Takagi-Sugeno." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016VALE0021/document.
Full textEvery year more than 5 million people worldwide become hemiplegic as a direct consequence of stroke. This neurological deficiency, often leads to a partial or a total loss of standing up abilities and /or ambulation skills. In order to propose new supporting solutions lying between the wheelchair and the walker, this thesis comes within the ANR TECSAN project named VHIPOD “self-balanced transporter for disabled persons with sit-to-stand function”. In this context, this research provides some answers for two key issues of the project : the sit-to-stand assistance (STS) of hemiplegic people and their mobility through a two wheeled self-balanced solution. These issues are addressed from a robotic point of view while focusing on a key question : are we able to extend the use of Takagi-Sugeno approach (TS) to the control of complex systems ? Firstly, the issue of mobility of disabled persons was treated on the basis of a self-balanced solution. Control laws based on the standard and descriptor TS approaches have been proposed for the stabilization of gyropod in particular situations such as moving along a slope or crossing small steps. The results have led to the design a two-wheeled transporter which is potentially able to deal with the steps. On the other hand, these results have also highlighted the main challenge related to the use of TS approach such as the conservatisms of the LMIs constraints (Linear Matrix Inequalities). In a second time, a test bench for the STS assistance based on parallel kinematic manipulator (PKM) was designed. This kind of manipulator characterized by several closed kinematic chains often presents a complex dynamical model (given as a set of ordinary differential equations, ODEs). The application of control laws based on the TS approach is often doomed to failure given the large number of non-linear terms in the model. To overcome this problem, a new modeling approach was proposed. From a particular set of coordinates, the principle of virtual power was used to generate a dynamical model based on the differential algebraic equations (DAEs). This approach leads to a quasi-LPV model where the only varying parameters are the Lagrange multipliers derived from the constraint equations of the DAE model. The results were validated on simulation through a 2-DOF (degrees of freedom) parallel robot (Biglide) and a 3-DOF manipulator (Triglide) designed for the STS assistance