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Academic literature on the topic 'Veille sanitaire – Madagascar (île)'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Veille sanitaire – Madagascar (île)"
Porphyre, Vincent. "Comment concilier le développement des systèmes d'élevage porcin et l'amélioration de la qualité des produits animaux : modélisation multi-agents appliquée au secteur de l'élevage porcin à Madagascar pour la conception et l'évaluation de scénarii de lutte contre la cysticercose." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0025.
Full textPorcine cysticercosis, a neglected tropical parasitic disease due to Taenia solium, with a cycle involving humans and pigs, is responsible for 50,000 deaths each year, mainly in the developing countries. Our PhD work has tried to explore the epidemiological situation of this disease in the swine population of Madagascar and to understand the determinants explaining its prevalence in the epidemiological and economic context of the country. As a first step, abattoir surveys estimated an apparent prevalence of 4.6% [4.2-5.0%] at the national level and a corrected prevalence of 21.03% [19.18-22.87%] taking into account the sensitivity of the method (veterinary inspection by macroscopic observation). In a second step, we modeled the environment-animal-human link in the context of Malagasy highlands where pig farming is semi-intensified but porcine cysticercosis remains endemic. Our multi-agent model, developed under Cormas, allowed us to model the simplified behaviors of human and animal actors as well as health and environmental processes. A multivariate sensitivity analysis helped us better understand the model's responses to the input parameters used. It was sensitive primarily to parameters describing (i) the exposure of animals to food contaminated with T. solium eggs, including the distribution of non-farmer-controlled feed and access to contaminated environment, and (ii) the infectious capacity of T. solium eggs, their excretion and survival in the environment. This exploratory approach allowed us to identify the important parameters, highlighting the research needs to be carried out to reinforce the likelihood of the model results and help us to test the impact of the control scenarios against cysticercosis in pig production areas characteristic of the country's situation
Raheriarijaona, Nirina. "Recherche sur le système sanitaire malgache." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR1D009.
Full textRaveloson, Elisé Andriakoto. "Méthodologie de la gestion de projet des pays en développement : application de la méthode du cadre logique, champ d'étude Madagascar." Aix-Marseille 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX30010.
Full textCorreges, Déborah. "Intégrer la médecine traditionnelle à Madagascar : institutions, acteurs et plantes au prisme de la mondialisation." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0162.
Full textIn the island of Madagascar, the integration of traditional medicine, as part of State politics submitted to the OMS requirements and international pressure, raises numbers of interests and modifies the links between a whole range of powers and the local knowledges. The analysis concerning traditional medicines policy reveals, on several levels of governmentality, the mechanisms of cooperation and competition between countries of the South and of the North, also between public institutions and private laboratories, thus induced by the pharmaceutical interests of local pharmacopeia. In the national health system, the introduction of a speciality in traditional medicine and herbal medicinal products registered by the Agency of Madagascar induces processes of reinvention of traditional medicine and struggles for legitimacy between practitioners for the conquest of a new professional monopoly. Under the influence of christianism, of a globalised trade and of the presence of foreigners, industrialization in the economic sector of plants and the professionalization of farmers change the relationships between man and his environment and come with ritual adaptations. Starting from Michel De Certeau's concepts of «strategy»and «tactics», this work analyzes social change and the links with globalisation by bringing to light the gap between what must be done and what is actually being done
Bastaraud, Alexandra. "Facteurs environnementaux et qualité microbiologique de l'eau potable dans les villes à faible revenu, cas de Madagascar." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLV059.
Full textUrbanization is one of the most important changes of the 21st century, especially for sub-Saharan cities. They must manage their natural resources. Water resources, for example, are becoming increasingly vulnerable, either because they can no longer meet the various needs (population, industry, agriculture) or because they are subject to ever-increasing environmental pressures. Continuous pollution by wastewater, runoff and soil erosion suggest that these ecosystems are specific. In cities in low-income countries, such as Madagascar, access to safe drinking water is also limited due to technical and environmental constraints.Understanding how these environmental changes can affect microbiological quality then becomes a public health issue, especially in a context where sanitation and resource protection are not controlled. The objective is to assess the impact of urbanization, as well as other environmental factors on the dynamics of the indicators of contamination of the supply water of Madagascar's cities (i); to characterize the interactions between climatic conditions and the quality of the distributed water (ii).The dynamics of bacterial indicators of water quality supplied have been analyzed over the long term (16 and 32 years) at the scale of urban systems and have shown that bacteriological contamination of urban drinking water is subject to wide seasonal variations, with disparities between cities. The type of resource, the treatment implemented, population growth and environmental threats related to the degradation of urban basins are the main environmental and technical determinants that support contamination profiles. Climatic conditions, including precipitation and non-management of runoff, are the main factors contributing to the biological instability of these urban supply systems from wastewater, runoff and soil erosion suggests that these ecosystems are specific
Atuahiva, Timeri. "Émergence de la fusariose sur Vanillaxtahitensis à Raiatea : inventaire et déterminisme épidémiologique." Thesis, Paris 11, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA112245/document.
Full textVanilla species, used for aroma and flagrances, are orchidaceae originated from central America. They are now mostly cultivated in the Indian ocean (Vanilla planifolia, 97%, mainly in Madagascar, Indonesia, India and smaller islands from the Indian ocean) and in the Pacific ocean (Vanilla tahitensis, 3%, mainly French Polynesia).I have shown that Vanilla tahitensis was as susceptible as Vanilla planifolia towards fusarium root rot. It does represent the major losses on Vanilla tahitensis in Raiatea like reported for all the other areas of vanilla production worldly. I have participated to show that this fungus was delimited to root cortex maceration and did not invade vascular tissues, reason for which we use a new name for this pathogen : Fusarium oxysporum f sp radicis-vanillae.I have followed the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of this disease and of 5 other pathogens and insects on 51 Vanilla plantations, mainly shade-houses, during 4 years, for each vine in cohort analysis manner. I have shown, among this 6 biological causes of loss, fusarium root rot was the only one to present an exponential trajectory within the last 3 years, while the other causes remain stable or display a year increase because of climatic reasons. I did interview all the producers owning these plantations and analyze statistically the answers to the very numerous questions. The statistical and modelling analysis is not yet finished. Nevertheless, I can already claim that regular vine cleaning is absolutely necessary to maintain the vanilla plantations healthy, something which, unfortunately is not a rule for everyone
Verger, Antonia. "Pauvreté des ménages et pauvreté de l'école face aux objectifs de l'éducation primaire universelle : étude de cas de deux villages et deux écoles publiques des Hautes Terres Malgaches." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB209/document.
Full textMadagascar is one of the poorest country in the world regarding its GPD per capita. Most of its population lives under the poverty line. The government is committed in the education for all plan since 1990. However, the quality of education is still low. In 2012, only 68.8% of the children achieved the primary school cycle, there are high repetition rates and few students access to the secondary school cycle. Most of international institution and NGO's oppose child labor and schooling. Child labor remains important, in 2010, 21% of the children aged from 5 to 17 years old work. We have conducted a survey about the households living in the rural zones. Most of them live from subsistence farming activities. Their children must participate to the domestic chores and economic activities and combine school at the same time. This work aims to understand the process of schooling and child work in a rural zone. We have collected quantitative data on 246 household and we made an ethnography in a primary state school for 14 months. Then, we have conducted semi-structured interviews with mothers, teachers and children aged from 8 to 14 years old. The quantitative data helped to analyze the relationship between the household demographic structures and the children school attainment. The ethnography shown the impact of a weak quality of education on the children learning process and on the school demand. The interviews conducted with the children shown how their perception of work and schooling and their aspiration could influence the reproduction of their economic and social position. To conclude, we question how the primary education for all can be reached when most of the household live in poor life conditions and the education sector suffers from a lack of funds. Can the school system stop the transmission of social and economic inequalities and break the poverty cycle?