Academic literature on the topic 'Velayat-e Faqih'

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Journal articles on the topic "Velayat-e Faqih"

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Nasirzadeh, Samira. "‘Uncontested’ view of Shi’i networks: a reply to Corboz." Global Discourse 9, no. 4 (2019): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/204378919x15718900395757.

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The starting point for Corboz’s article ‘Shi’i Clerical Networks and the Transnational Contest over Sacred Authority by challenging assumptions that velayat-e faqih is an ‘uncontested’ position: Dynamics in London’s Shi’i Triangle’ is a proposal that gives emphasis to a transnational contest between maraji’ and the Iranian Supreme Leader over sacred authority. Corboz’s core argument seeks to undermine the view of the velayat-e faqih being the only relevant ‘model’ of clerical authority in today and future Shi’i worlds by exploring Shi’a networks in London. In response, I argue that the political and religious authority of velayat-e faqih cannot be contested with the religious functionality of marja’iyya in Shi’ism. Second, the notion of a ‘Shi’a Crescent’ as well as the accusation that Iran is orchestratings the Shi’a groups – via which the authoritarian regimes ensured their survival during the Arab Springs – should be rejected by accepting that even the most pro-Iranian groups do not necessarily tend to repeat the Iranian model of leadership. Finally, I emphasise that challenging the power to rule as a feature of velayat-e faqih by holding Iran’s Supreme Leader in the Islamic Republic of Iran with marja’iyya does not provide an adequate understanding of the multidimensional dynamics of Shi’ism.
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Hashemi-Najafabadi, Adel. "The Shi'i Concept of Imamate and Leadership in Contemporary Iran." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 40, no. 4 (2011): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429811420408.

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The Imamate is one of the most important pillars in Twelver Shi’ism. However, its meaning has been greatly debated by religious modernists in recent years. In this article, the Iranian religious modernists' position on the concept of the Imamate, in contrast to the traditional view, is expounded. In addition, this work presents the major critical remarks of the religious modernists on the theory of Velayat-e Faqih (guardianship of the jurist), as an implementation of the concept of Imamate, which is in practice in contemporary Iran. L’Imamat est l’un des piliers les plus importants dans le chiisme duodécimain. Toutefois, sa signification a été grandement débattu par les modernistes religieux dans ces dernières années. Dans cet article, la position des modernistes religieux iraniens sur le concept de l’Imamat, contrairement à la vision traditionnelle, est exposée. En outre, cet ouvrage présente les remarques principales critiques des modernistes religieux sur la théorie du velayat-e faqih (la tutelle du juriste), comme une mise en œuvre du concept de l’Imamat, qui est en pratique dans l’Iran contemporain.
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Rizvi, M. Mahtab Alam. "Velayat-e-Faqih(Supreme Leader) and Iranian Foreign Policy: An Historical Analysis." Strategic Analysis 36, no. 1 (2012): 112–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09700161.2012.628471.

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Mahdavi, Mojtaba. "One Bed and Two Dreams? Contentious Public Religion in the Discourses of Ayatollah Khomeini and Ali Shariati." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 43, no. 1 (2013): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0008429813496102.

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Ayatollah Khomeini and Ali Shariati are seen as twin pillars of revolutionary Islam in contemporary Iran. This article contextualizes and compares these radical discourses in three sections. It first problematizes the transformation of Khomeini as a quietist cleric into a revolutionary ayatollah. While Khomeini’s theory of velayat-e faqih was a radical departure from the dominant Shiite tradition, its practice has contributed to a new era of post-Khomeinism. Second, it examines Shariati’s discourse and a new reading of his thought in the post-revolutionary context. Third, it demonstrates that these discourses differ radically on the three concepts of radicalism, public religion, and state. The conclusion sheds some light on the conditions of Khomeinism after Khomeini, and Shariati’s discourse three decades after the revolution. It suggests that Iran has gradually entered into a new era of post-Islamism.
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Helmys, Naldo. "Ekspor Revolusi Islam dan Identitas Republik Islam Iran." Andalas Journal of International Studies (AJIS) 5, no. 2 (2016): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ajis.5.2.194-209.2016.

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Having been considered as rational actor acting based on national interests, sovereign states is also understood have their own identities. Moreover, state identities have pivotal role on determining state behavior in international social structure. Stand on that assumption, this paper will describe the four state identities of Islamic Republic of Iran that assist to find an answer for interesting question: why did Iran export their Islamic Revolution throughout Middle East during Ayatollah Khomeini’s era (1979-1989)?During export of revolution, Iran was in war with Iraq and ideologically conflicted with Saudi while its fundamental ideology was spread across by propagating via international radio network and supporting oppressed nations in some countries. This historical phenomenon will be explained by Constructivism in International Relations, especially based on Alexander Wendt’s Social Theory of International Politics. It can be seen that there are four identities of Iran: as an Islamic Iran nation, velayat-e faqih-based Islamic Republic, core of Islamic world, and part of Pan-Islam.
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DUNAEVA, E. V. "Shiite Clergy in Iran’s Political Life." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 4 (2018): 169–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-4-169-189.

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The article is devoted to the role of Shiite clergy in the Islamic revolution and in the political life of Islamic Republic of Iran. The author attempts to analize the possibilities of the Islamic regime’s survival in the context of modernizing society. IRI is a special model of the state system that embodies the idea of the Islamic rule of Imam Khomeini. Its political, socioeconomic, legal spheres are based on Islamic principles. The clergy managed to establish almost absolute control over secular institutions. At the same time, the Iranian regime can not be regarded as the only theocratic. It combines Islamic ideas with republican principles and admits democracy as a form of political participation. Iran’s political system combines elements of the modern Islamic theocracy with republican principles. Over nearly 40-years of its existence (since 1979), the political system underwent certain transformations which were caused by the economic and sociocultural development of the society and external factors. The liberalization of the economic sphere and the development of political parties put on the agenda political changes. Liberal-minded clergy relying on the ideas of religious modernism support the strengthening of democratic elements within the Islamic Republic. Some of them are ready to abandon the principle of “velayat-e faqih” or to reduce the authority of the leader in political sphere. They initiated reforms in political and public sphere.However, the clergy standing on the positions of fundamentalism, is not ready to reduce the Islamic component. They condemn the modernization trends intensified in Iranian society in recent years and are trying to bring the country back to the first post-revolutionary decade. However, the society is not ready to share such approaches. During the recent election campaigns Iranians have supported the liberal forces. The events of early 2018 demonstrated the protest potential of the society.This shows the desire of the citizens for further democratization of the political system and secularization of the public life. Although, there are calls for overthrowing the dictatorship of the clergy among the opposition groups in the West and inside the country. Hopes for the democratisation of the regime have not been lost. If external factors do not have a destructive effect, then the implementation of the Iranian model of modernization can become a reality.
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Bromberger, Christian. "Iran." Anthropen, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.108.

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Entre les mondes arabe (Irak, États du Golfe…), turc (Turquie, Azerbaïjan, Turkmenistan) et européen (par la trouée du Caucase et de la mer Caspienne), l’Iran forme un ensemble distinct dont la population est fortement attachée à sa spécificité. Cette forte originalité au sein du Moyen-Orient, les Iraniens la doivent à leurs origines symbolisées par leur langue, le persan, une langue indo-européenne, à la doctrine religieuse qu’ils professent en majorité, le chiisme, qui s’oppose au principal courant de l’islam, le sunnisme, enfin, paradoxalement, à leur forte occidentalisation due à un courant d’échanges continus depuis la fin du XIXème siècle et que n’a pas interrompu la Révolution islamique. Ces trois constituants de l’identité iranienne sont contrebalancés par des facteurs de division de la société, plus ou moins accusés selon les époques. Le premier constituant de l’identité iranienne, revendiquée par la population, c’est l’ancrage du pays dans une histoire plurimillénaire, la conscience d’appartenir à un des plus anciens États du monde, de la continuité d’une civilisation qui a su assimiler les envahisseurs successifs. Les Iraniens sont d’origine aryenne. Irân-vej, en langue pehlevi, l’ancienne langue iranienne parlée sous les Sassanides (224-651 ap. J.-C.), c’est le pays des Aryens. Les occidentaux ont préféré, à travers l’histoire, le nom qu’avaient donné les Grecs au pays, « Perse », du nom de la grande tribu qui avait fondé l’Empire achéménide au VIème siècle avant J.-C. Diplomates et voyageurs utilisèrent le mot « Perse » jusqu’en 1935 quand l’empereur Reza chah imposa le nom officiel d’Iran, déjà utilisé dans la population, et récusa le nom de Perse qui connotait des légendes anciennes et ancrait le pays dans un passé folklorique. Encore aujourd’hui les occidentaux ont tendance à utiliser « Perse » quand ils se réfèrent à des aspects valorisants (archéologie, cuisine, poésie…), réservant « Iran » pour évoquer des thématiques plus inquiétantes (Révolution, terrorisme). Venus des steppes froides d’Asie intérieure, les Iraniens sont, à l’origine, des nomades indo-européens qui se sont fixés, aux IIème et au Ier millénaires avant J.-C sur le haut plateau( entre 800 et 1000 mètres) entouré de montagnes qui constitue la majeure partie de l’actuel Iran. Le genre de vie qui a dominé jusqu’aux invasions turco-mongoles (XIème-XIIIème siècles) était celui d’agriculteurs sédentaires pratiquant de courts déplacements pastoraux à l’intérieur des vallées. Les invasions médiévales ont entraîné la « bédouinisation » (X. de Planhol) de populations jusque là sédentaires si bien que l’Iran est devenu le plus grand foyer mondial de pastoralisme nomade. Ces bouleversements au fil de l’histoire, précédés par la conquête arabe au VIIème siècle, n’ont pas fait disparaître pour autant la langue persane ni fait refluer un folklore spécifiquement iranien. La nouvelle année (noruz) que célèbre la population est une année solaire qui débute à l’équinoxe de printemps et compte 365 jours. La vie en Iran est ainsi rythmée par deux calendriers antagonistes, le calendrier solaire pour le quotidien et le calendrier lunaire musulman pour les cérémonies religieuses. Noruz est aussi fêté dans les anciennes possessions et l’aire d’influence de l’Iran (sarzamin-e Iran : le « territoire » de l’Iran, Iran-e bozorg : le grand Iran) où le persan, sous l’appellation dari en Afghanistan et tajik au Tajikistan, est une langue officielle. La prise en considération de l’unité et du fort sentiment national iraniens ne doit pas masquer l’hétérogénéité et les facteurs de division au sein du pays. Et tout d’abord la diversité ethno-linguistique. Si environ 85% de la population parle le persan, ce n’est la langue maternelle que de 50% des locuteurs. D’importantes minorités occupent les marges du pays : au nord-ouest, les Turcs azeri, qui forment environ 20% de la population iranienne ; à l’ouest les Kurdes ; au sud, des Arabes ; au sud-est les Baloutches. Cette diversité ethno-linguistique se double d’une diversité religieuse, chez les Baloutches, une partie des Kurdes et une partie des Arabes qui sont sunnites. Les revendications identitaires de ces minorités se déclinent avec une intensité très variable, se bornant tantôt à des manifestations culturelles, prenant parfois un tour plus politique avec des demandes d’autonomie ou encore s’accompagnant d’actions violentes (ainsi au Baloutchestan et dans une moindre mesure au Kurdistan). S’ajoutent à ces différences culturelles et à ces revendications identitaires de forts contrastes en matière de genre de vie. La vie paysanne, en net déclin (on ne compte plus que 26% de population rurale selon le recensement de 2016), se caractérise par de fortes traditions communautaires, notamment pour la gestion de l’eau amenée traditionnellement des piémonts par des galeries drainantes souterraines (les qanât). Les pasteurs nomades forment de grandes tribus (tels, au sud de l’Iran, les Bakhtyâri et les Qashqa’i) qui se singularisent par rapport aux Bédouins des déserts du Moyen-Orient par les traits suivants : il s’agit d’un nomadisme montagnard menant les pasteurs et leurs troupeaux des plaines vers les sommets au printemps et inversement à l’automne ; les tribus regroupent des centaines de milliers d’individus soumis à des « chefferies centralisées » (J.-P. Digard) et ont formé des états dans l’État rigoureusement hiérarchisés. Mais c’est le mode de vie urbain qui est depuis une quarantaine d’années majoritaire. La ville avec son bâzâr, sa grande mosquée, ses services est particulièrement valorisée. La population de Téhéran (9 millions d’habitants) et de son agglomération (15 millions) a crû considérablement depuis le début du XXème siècle (environ 200 000 habitants en 1900). Banlieues et cités périphériques regroupent des « paysans dépaysannés » (P. Vieille) (pour un exemple de ces cités périphériques voir S. Parsapajouh). La ville elle-même est fortement stratifiée socialement. Ainsi, à Téhéran, s’opposent un nord riche où réside une bourgeoisie occidentalisée et les quartiers populaires et pauvres du sud de la ville. Le second constituant de l’identité iranienne, c’est le chiisme. Ce courant religieux remonte aux premiers temps de l’islam quand il fallut choisir un successeur au prophète. Les chiites, contrairement aux sunnites, optèrent pour le principe généalogique et choisirent pour diriger la communauté le gendre et cousin de Mohammed, Ali (shi’a signifie partisan - de Ali). Selon les dogmes du chiisme duodécimain, la version du chiisme dominante en Iran, seuls les 12 imam-s (Ali et ses descendants) ont pu exercer un pouvoir juste et légitime. Le douzième imam a disparu en 874 et dans l’attente de la parousie de cet « imam caché » toute forme de gouvernement est nécessairement imparfaite. Ce dogme prédispose à une vision critique du pouvoir. Au cours de l’histoire certains ont préféré cultiver de l’indifférence à l’égard de la vie politique et se réfugier dans la spiritualité, d’autres au contraire faisant fond sur les virtualités contestataires du chiisme ont prôné une opposition au pouvoir, voire un gouvernement dirigé par les clercs, comme l’ayatollah Khomeyni et ses partisans le firent lors de la révolution islamique (1979-1980) – ce qui est une innovation dans le chiisme duodécimain. La constitution de la République islamique a entériné cette position doctrinale en institutionnalisant le velayat-e faqih « la souveraineté du docte ». C’est lui, le « guide », qui exerce le pouvoir suprême et auquel sont subordonnés le Président de la République et le gouvernement. Un autre trait original du chiisme duodécimain est l’exaltation du martyre ; celle-ci trouve son origine dans l’ « histoire-mythe » de la passion du troisième imam, Hoseyn, tué, avec la plupart des membres de sa famille, dans des circonstances atroces par les troupes du calife omeyyade (sunnite), Yazid, en 680 à Kerbala, dans l’actuel Irak. La commémoration de ce supplice s’exprime à travers des rituels dolorisants qui atteignent leur paroxysme le 10 moharram (premier mois de l’année musulmane), jour de achoura (anniversaire de la mort de Hoseyn) : processions de pénitents se flagellant, prônes, cantiques et mystères rappellent ce drame. Cette tradition martyriste et les rituels qui lui correspondent sont un véritable ciment de la culture populaire. Le mythe de Kerbala, opposant bourreaux et victimes, exaltant le sacrifice de soi a été, dans l’histoire de l’Iran moderne et singulièrement lors de la révolution islamique, une grille de lecture de la réalité socio-politique et un modèle d’action pour la lutte. Un troisième composant de l’identité iranienne, c’est l’occidentalisation, entretenue par une diaspora de deux à trois millions d’individus installés, pour la plupart, aux Etats-Unis. Le sport est un des révélateurs les plus vifs de cette occidentalisation, voire de la mondialisation de la société iranienne. Le sport traditionnel en Iran, c’est la lutte qui s’adosse à la pratique coutumière du zourkhane (littéralement maison de force) où l'on s'adonne, dans un cadre de sociabilité conviviale, à divers exercices athlétiques. Or, aujourd’hui, le football détrône la lutte ; des joueurs sont recrutés par des clubs européens, des entraîneurs étrangers sont appelés à diriger l’équipe nationale qui brille dans les compétitions internationales et suscite un engouement sans pareil. Des revendications s’expriment dans les stades ou autour des matchs de football. Il en est ainsi des revendications féminines. Contraintes à une tenue stricte, soumises à des inégalités de droits (en matière d’héritage, de divorce, de voyage, etc.), les femmes sont aussi interdites dans les stades où se déroulent des compétitions d’hommes, en particulier lors des matchs de football. La contestation de cette interdiction est devenue un leitmotive des revendications féminines et à chaque grand match des femmes tentent de s’introduire dans le stade. Le football est sans doute un des domaines où la tension est la plus vive entre le régime islamique, soucieux de la séparation des sexes, de la discipline et de la bienséance prude, et la « société civile » urbaine plus ouverte aux modes de vie occidentaux. Les rituels de moharram tels qu’ils sont pratiqués par les jeunes dans les grandes villes d’Iran témoignent aussi de cette quête de modernité. L’évocation du drame de Karbala suscite une sincère affliction chez ces jeunes mais ils l’expriment à travers des attitudes et des moyens nouveaux : le matériel utilisé, la retransmission du rituel sur un écran géant, les manifestations juvéniles torse nu, qui rappellent celles des jeunes supporters dans les stades de football européen ou encore des adeptes de rave parties, le chantre s’apparentant à un DJ spectaculaire… tout cela emprunte à une culture mondialisée, et parfois underground. Ces exemples, parmi bien d’autres, montrent la complexité des manières d’être dans le monde iranien tiraillées entre modèles nationaux, religieux et mondiaux
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Velayat-e Faqih"

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McDowall, Gregory D. "Clerics and commanders an examination of the evolution of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps' role in the political economy of Iran." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/471.

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The Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), also known as the Pasdaran, is a unique military institution created to secure the ideals of Iran's revolution as well its territory. Since the end of the Iran-Iraq War, however, the IRGC's role in Iran's political economy has increased significantly beyond that mandate. Unfortunately, the leadership in the United States has demonstrated neither the aptitude nor the desire to understand Iran. Given the IRGC's command of Iran's nuclear development program and encroachment into its foreign policy, it is more important than ever to understand Iran's leadership structure. This study attempts to explain an important part of that structure by considering the influence of the leadership dynamics of Iran along with its economic and religious/social conditions on the IRGC's position within the state, using an historical analysis consisting of secondary sources. Accordingly, the IRGC's rise to power can be traced back to the dual sovereignty written into the constitution of the Islamic Republic. Though the divine sovereignty, embodied by the velayat-e faqih (Supreme Leader), is supposed to take precedence over popular sovereignty, embodied by the directly elected President, when the two conflict, Khomeini's successor, Khamenei, a junior cleric, was unable to manage then President Hashemi Rafsanjani. So he empowered the IRGC to compensate, but that choice set into motion a sequence of events that has enabled it to become powerful enough to be a threat to the velayat-e faqih himself.<br>B.A.<br>Bachelors<br>Sciences<br>Political Science
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Prifti, Bledar. "The Security and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran: An Offensive Realism Perspective." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1743.

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This study argues that security and foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is mainly driven by the main principles of the Offensive Realism theory of international relations. While the Iranian political system is considered a theocratic system, based on the Islamic Shi'a ideology, its survival is defined as the ultimate ideology-an ideology that is paramount to any other ideology. Iran's security and foreign policy is determined and shaped by its need to survive in an anarchic international system. Iran's cooperation with "two Satans", Israel and the United States, during the Iran-Iraq war demonstrates that the ultimate ideology of survival dominates over any other ideological predisposition. In addition, the lack of a supranational government and the fear about the intentions of other states make Iran aware of the need to rely on self-help. Iran has also realized that the best way to limit threats to its survival would be maximizing its relative military power and becoming a regional hegemony. Furthermore, a formidable military power would provide Iran with a new status in regional and global politics, deterrence power over any possible attack from other great powers, and bargaining power over regional and global matters. In order to enhance its military (conventional and nuclear) arsenal, Iran has established "strategic relations" with its historic enemy, Russia. In its quest to advance its military capabilities and avoid threats to its sovereignty, Iran sided with Christian states, against its Muslim brothers, during the Russia-Chechnya and Armenia-Azerbaijan conflicts. Moreover, the Islamic state is aware of the fact that its paramount goals can be achieved by relying on precise rational strategies. In order to validate these claims, this study analyzes Iran's policy during the Iran-Iraq war and Iran's policy toward Armenian-Azerbaijani conflict, the Russian-Chechen conflict, and the U.S. invasion of Iraq.
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Andersson, Jonas. "Is Iran an Islamic State : A Comparison between Shia Islamic Theory of State and Ayatollah Khomeini's Islamic Republic of Iran." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Political Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9524.

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<p>The Islamic Republic of Iran‟s alleged pursuit of nuclear missile capabilities is proving in-creasingly problematic for the international community, which places the country in a sig-nificant position in world politics. In turn, the world‟s attention towards the thirty-year-old Republic established by the late Ayatollah Khomeini has resurged. The Republic of Iran based on Ayatollah Khomeini‟s interpretation of Islam has long stood in the spotlight of both public and scholastic scrutiny, particularly due to its perceivably radical manoeuvres on the international stage. However, as the focus of these scrutinizing views has been the Iranian unwillingness to subdue and conform to western norms, the issue of the „<em>Islamicness‟ </em>of the Republic has been overlooked.</p><p>Hence, this thesis seeks to draw further attention to this question - whether Iran can truly be regarded as an Islamic State - in order to ensure a deeper and more accurate under-standing of the Republic of Iran. The purpose of this paper is thus to investigate and re-flect on the theory of Islamic governance promoted by Ayatollah Khomeini and the politi-cal system of the Islamic Republic through the prism of Islamic history. The theory of the Islamic State and the Shia Islamic leadership has been and continues to be central in Aya-tollah Khomeini‟s and the Islamic Republic‟s official rhetoric, being claimed as the sole foundation of the „new‟ Iranian system. In consequence, this paper delves into the Islamic theory of State and the concept of the Imamate in order to critically analyze Ayatollah Khomeini‟s theory and the Islamic Republic. This is aimed at yielding a conclusion whether Iran is justly labeled an Islamic State.</p><p>By performing this norm-fulfilling analysis of the subject in question reliant on a qualitative data collection, the thesis has found that the correlation between the two theories of Islam-ic governance is one of considerable disputability. The paper has, based on the investigated material, been able to conclude that the Islamic Republic of Iran holds a political structure lent from non-Islamic sources, but that its personnel and political field of contest can still be considered Islamic. What the paper has thus revealed is that Khomeini‟s reasoning con-stitutes a novel and unique form of Islamic fundamentalism formed in conjuncture with political ideas of modern and non-Islamic nature. Hence, the results of the study suggests that the <em>Islamic </em>Republic of Iran is in need of serious reconsideration as the Iranian model of Islamic governance remains a source of contention because of the significant deviations from what it claims as its sole basis.</p><br><p>Den Islamiska Republiken Irans påstådda strävan att uppnå kärnvapen kapacitet har visat sig vara ett stort problem för det internationella samfundet, vilket har gett landet en bety-dande position i världspolitiken. Detta har i sin tur medfört att Iran återigen har fått värl-dens uppmärksamhet riktat mot sig, endast trettio år efter Ayatollah Khomeinis upprättan-de av den Islamiska Republiken. Irans statsskick, som uteslutet bygger på Ayatollah Kho-meinis egen tolkning av Islam, har länge stått i fokus för både offentlig och akademisk granskning, i synnerhet på grund av dess tillsynes radikala manövrar på den internationella scenen. Men eftersom fokuset för denna granskning har varit Irans ovilja att rätta sig efter västerländska normer så har frågan om Irans Islamiska natur förbisetts.</p><p>Utifrån detta så ämnar denna uppsats att uppmärksamma och belysa frågan om Iran verkli-gen kan betraktas som en islamisk stat, vilken är en nödvändighet för en djupare och mer korrekt förståelse av landet. Syftet med denna studie är således att undersöka och reflektera över teorin om Islamiskt styre som Ayatollah Khomeini främjar och hans senare republik genom att jämföra dessa med deras påstådda grundpelare: Islamisk statsteori och dess le-darskap. Islamisk statsteori och det shia Islamska ledarskapet har alltid varit centralt i Aya-tollah Khomeinis och den Islamiska Republikens officiella retorik, där de hävdas vara den enda inspirationen för Irans statsskick. Detta är dock något som denna uppsats ifrågasätter, och den har därav undersökt Islamisk statsteori och dess ledarskap för att i sin tur kritiskt granska Ayatollah Khomeinis teori och den Islamska Republiken Iran. Denna studie har därav gett upphov till en slutsats om Iran är rättvist märkt ‟en Islamisk stat‟.</p><p>Denna studie har genom att utföra en norm-uppfyllande analys av ämnet i fråga, vilande på en kvalitativ datainsamling, funnit endast en vag korrelation mellan de två modellerna för Islamiskt styre. Baserat på det undersökta materialet så har studien kunnat konstatera att Iran har en politisk struktur som lånats från icke-islamiska källor, men att dess aktörer och politiska ‟spel‟ trots det är av en islamisk natur. Vad som därav har påvisats i denna uppsats är att Ayatollah Khomeinis teori och stat utgör en ny och unik form av Islamisk fundamen-talism som skapats i konjunktur med moderna och icke-islamiska idéer. Resultaten av den-na undersökning indikerar på så vis att den Islamiska Republiken Iran är i behov av en om-prövning i förhållande till dess Islamiska natur, vilket är speciellt tydligt då Iran visar prov på betydande avvikelser från dess påstådda grundpelare.</p>
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Arikan, Pinar. "Uneasy Coexistence:." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12607892/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT UNEASY COEXISTENCE: &ldquo<br>ISLAMISM VS. REPUBLICANISM&rdquo<br>DEBATE IN THE ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF IRAN Arikan, Pinar M. Sc., Department of International Relations Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Meliha AltuniSik December 2006, 170 pages The objective of this thesis is to analyze the Islamist and republican features of the political regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran. It aims to identify the relationship between Islamism and republicanism in terms of institutional and practical means throughout the period since the establishment of the Islamic Republic. It seeks an answer to the question of how the Islamist and republican orientations that built up the political regime and the system of governance in the Islamic Republic of Iran have affected the domestic political and ideological developments. For this aim, firstly, the history of ulama-state relations as well as the history of constitutional tradition in Iran is discussed. Then, the impact of Islamism and republicanism in the process of establishment of the new regime in Iran is examined. Afterwards, the emergence of Islamism and republicanism as indigenous ideological currents and the political groups that appealed to these two orientations are analyzed with special emphasis to the role of Khomeini in this process. In the remaining part, the institutional and practical implications of the coexistence of Islamist and republican orientations are scrutinized during the presidencies of Rafsanjani and Khatami respectively. Finally, this thesis is concluded with an overall assessment of Islamism vs. republicanism debate with reference to the 2005 presidential elections.
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"Velayat-e Faqih: Innovation or Within Tradition." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.38693.

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abstract: The concept of Velayat-e Faqih as a type of Shi’ite Islamic government gained popularity three decades ago, after the Islamic revolution in Iran. The new constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran was based on Velayat-e Fagih, proposed by the Imam Khomeini many consider him as the leader of the Islamic Revolution and the founder of the Iranian Islamic Republic. What is Velayat-e Faqih? Who can be the Vali Faqih? Why wasn't this idea proposed before Islamic Revolution in 1979? Did all the Shi’ite religious scholars endorse this idea or the Vali Faqih himself? All of these questions ultimately lead us to ask whether this concept has been drawn from Shi’ite Islamic discourses or it may perhaps be considered a novelty: a secularization of religion. These questions are increasingly discussed in academia and in the large public arena. Moreover, this discourse has divided Shi’ite Muslims into three groups: supporters of the Velayat-e Faqih, its opponents, and the silent group. It is important to analyze the position of all those groups including the silent group who did not publicly endorse or reject the theory. The theory of Velayat-e Faqih has emerged from the Imamate doctrine, which constitutes a cornerstone of Shi'ite sect of Islam. It is necessary to understand this political doctrine in relation to the context within which this concept of leadership had emerged. In order to overcome the ambiguities surrounding the relationship between Velayat-e Faqih and the position of Islamic jurist as a source of guidance and imitation (Marje Taqleed), it is necessary to discuss the various dimension of guardianship in the absence of the infallible Imam. Furthermore, the focus of this research is to review whether the concept of Velayat-e Faqih was innovated after the Islamic Revolution of Iran or existed within the Shi’ite tradition.<br>Dissertation/Thesis<br>Masters Thesis Religious Studies 2016
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Books on the topic "Velayat-e Faqih"

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Ḥaidar, Sayyid Afz̤al. Velayat-e-Faqih: Imam Khomaini and Islamic revolution. Gautam Publishers, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Velayat-e Faqih"

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Seifzadeh, Hossein. "Ayatollah Khomeini’s Concept of Rightful Government: The Velayat-e-Faqih." In Islam, Muslims and the Modern State. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14208-8_9.

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Afary, Janet. "Rowshan fekran-e dini [new religious thinkers] and the institution of velayat-e faqih." In The Routledge International Handbook of Contemporary Muslim Socio-Political Thought. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003143826-30.

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"4. Institutionalizing Velayat-e Faqih." In Religious Statecraft. Columbia University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/taba18366-006.

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"8. The Factional Battle Over Khomeini’s Velayat-e Faqih." In Religious Statecraft. Columbia University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/taba18366-010.

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Sayej, Caroleen Marji. "Quietists Turned Activists?" In Patriotic Ayatollahs. Cornell University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501715211.003.0005.

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This chapter fleshes out the logic underlying the layers of activism by the ayatollahs after 2003 on the debate between quietism and activism. It adds nuance to the concept of clerical activism—which does not have to be velayat-e faqih or nothing. In fact, Iraqi ayatollahs have a long history of engagement with the state, but their engagement defies any neat categorization. They are keen, strategic political actors with strong ties to society and a newly evolving role as public intellectuals. The ayatollahs have proven flexible and extremely adaptable to political context. Their political savvy deters them from imposing their will or forcing a one-size-fits-all solution on the people. Yet their declaration that they should hold no political positions does not make them apolitical. Rather, their activism should be understood as a reinvented activism. The chapter contains analysis of the statements of Ayatollahs Baqir al-Hakim, Sistani, Fayyad and Najafi.
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