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Glenwin Sefela. "The Proposed Amendment to the Definition of “Veldfire” as Articulated by The National Veld and Forest Fire Amendment Bill [B22–2016]." Obiter 41, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i1.10556.
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It goes without saying that fire is an important factor in the development of humankind. When humans first discovered fire, it instantly became their best friend. Fire enabled early humans to light up the dark, indulge in cooked meals and provide warmth for their bodies and homes. However, even before they figured out how to manually reproduce fire, it existed in nature. Fire, and specifically “veldfire”, exists naturally and does not need the agency of man.Today, severe drought, specific weather conditions (for example, high temperatures, high wind speed and low rainfall combine to induce favourable veldfire conditions) and an array of other factors (such as topography, land size, fuel type, population density (human influence) and climate change) all increase the possibility of a veldfire occurring. Owing to these contributing factors, fire has become both friend and, in some instances, deadly foe. For example, fire is used as a friendly management tool to prevent or lower the risk of veldfire, while an example of fire as foe are what are now commonly known as the “Knysna Fires” of 2017, which remain a vivid reminder of what uncontrolled fires can do. This type of fire not only damaged social, economic and environmental assets, it also quickly escalated into an emergency incident. An “incident” is defined in s 30(a) of the National Environmental Management Act 107 of 1998 to mean “an unexpected sudden occurrence, including a major emission, fire or explosion leading to serious danger to the public or potentially serious pollution of or detriment to the environment, whether immediate or delayed.” The Knysna Fires are a classic example of why managing veldfires in an integrated way is important within a South African context and are one of the main reasons for the promulgation of the National Veld and Forest Fire Act (101 of 1998) (NV&FFA) (s 3).Regrettably, however, the NV&FFA defines neither “veld” nor “veldfire”. Instead, it defines “fire” to “include a veldfire” and goes on inadequately to explain that “veldfire” means “veld, forest and mountain fire”. Taking the above reasoning into consideration, arguably one of the main challenges of the NV&FFA is the strict interpretation and inadequacy of the term “veldfire”. In refreshing contrast, however, the National Veld and Forest Fire Amendment Bill (the Bill) aims to provide more meaning to the term “veldfire”.
The purpose of this note is therefore a critical analysis of the proposed amendment to the definition of veldfire by: providing legislative background to the term “veldfire”; investigating the way the courts of the past have interpreted the term legislative background and consequently “veldfire”; explaining why the proposal to amend the term “veldfire” is important; briefly looking at how other countries define their equivalent of South Africa’s “veldfire”; and, lastly, by providing remarks and suggestions.
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Nyamadzawo, George, Willis Gwenzi, Artwell Kanda, Alfred Kundhlande, and Chipo Masona. "Understanding the causes, socio-economic and environmental impacts, and management of veld fires in tropical Zimbabwe." Fire Science Reviews 2, no. 1 (2013): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-0414-2-2.
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Ijatuyi, Enioluwa Jonathan, Abiodun Olusola Omotayo, and Busisiwe Nkonki-Mandleni. "EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF FOOD SECURITY STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN THE PLATINUM PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development 47, no. 1 (August 20, 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17306/j.jard.2018.00397.
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This paper gives a succinct report on an investigationinto the food security constraints of rural farminghouseholds in the North West Province of South Africa. Datapresented was gathered across the four districts, and was analyzedusing descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. Thedescriptive results showed that the mean age of rural farmerswas 55 years and the average household size was 7 members.Logistic regression results on factors influencing foodsecurity in the study showed that variables such as age of thehousehold’s head, household feeding rate, the total cost ofproduction, farm income and health expenditure had significantimpact on the respondents’ food security (at p < 0.05).As shown by Probit regression results, constraints such as theage of household head, food availability, veld fires, marketavailability, predator invasion, health expenditure and veterinarypractices significantly influenced the achievement offood security in the study area. This study concluded that ruralfarming households were witnessing different dimensions offood insecurity which affected different aspects of their socialand economic activities. It is therefore the responsibility of thegovernment to come up with a holistic approach to addressthe present discrepancy in the national and grass-roots foodsecurity status.
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Araya Vargas, Andrés. "La nueva orientación del régimen de salud en Costa Rica: un acercamiento al contexto de crisis institucional del Seguro Social tras el 75 aniversario de la promulgación de las Garantías Sociales." Perspectivas, no. 19 (September 5, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rp.19.3.
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Desde el abordaje de la gestión de la política de salud y su interacción con las demandas de un mercado neoliberal, se esquematiza la evolución del Seguro Social de Costa Rica en materia médica al celebrar el 75 aniversario de la promulgación de las garantías sociales, donde se expone a la Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social como una institución sin fines de lucro que vela por los paradigmas de bienestar social de dicha política. En el análisis se pone a discusión la lógica de bienestar social y su transfiguración acorde a los intereses de funcionarios y de usuarios. De igual manera, se da una reflexión respecto a la apropiación discursiva de la sociedad de esta institución médica y las valoraciones económicas que surgen de ello.
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Sumalla, Andrea Marina. "Civilización o Barbarie." Cátedra Paralela, no. 13 (October 14, 2020): 197–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.35305/cp.vi13.42.
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Retomando un fragmento de mi tesina de grado presentada en el año 2012 en la Escuela de Trabajo Social de la UNR, bajo la dirección del Mg. José María Alberdi, el presente artículo se plantea el objetivo de reflexionar en torno a la posibilidad del Trabajo Social de ser instrumento en manos de la hegemonía civilizadora. Históricamente el proyecto profesional hegemónico dentro del colectivo de profesionales estuvo ligado al sostenimiento de la lógica capital-trabajo. Aunque también resulta necesario realizar una problematización sobre la razón del surgimiento del Trabajo Social profesionalizado lejos del velo de la historia oficial. El espacio ocupacional del Trabajo Social se encuentra en el centro de la tensión civilización-barbarie, es por ello que nos planteamos tales ejes a fin de repensar nuestras prácticas cotidianas. Las intervenciones pueden sostener el statu quo, así como también tienen el poder de ser utilizadas para la transformación social. Con fines analíticos hemos dividido el escrito en tres corrientes de Trabajo Social: una de tipo conservadora, otra ligada al pensamiento marxista y una tercera sostenida sobre la tradición nacional y popular.
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Santos, Virgínia, Ângela Martins, Mário Silvestre, Severiano Silva, and Jorge Azevedo. "A história da lã: da domesticação à atualidade." História da Ciência e Ensino: construindo interfaces 20 (December 29, 2019): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2178-2911.2019v20espp65-76.
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ResumoA produção de lã foi durante muitos anos, em Portugal e em várias regiões do mundo, uma das principais razões da exploração ovina. Esta situação foi alterada com o aparecimento das fibras sintéticas. A produção de carne ou de leite tornaram-se então as principais aptidões económicas destes animais. De qualquer forma, sendo absolutamente necessário tosquiar anualmente os ovinos, a lã pode proporcionar um rendimento extra, principalmente nos ovinos com velo de qualidade superior. Portugal apresenta 16 raças autóctones de ovinos que se enquadram em três grandes grupos étnicos, Merino, Bordaleiro e Churro, de acordo com as suas características morfológicas externas e aptidões. Cada um destes grupos étnicos apresenta tipos de velos com características têxteis diferentes. É assumido que as raças de etnia churra proporcionam lã considerada de má qualidade, caracterizada por ser lisa e de toque áspero. Em contrapartida as raças do grupo étnico Merino são consideradas como produtoras de lã de qualidade, caracterizada por ser macia ao tato e apresentar fibras muito onduladas. As características corporais e têxteis que os ovinos apresentam relacionam-se não só com fatores genéticos, mas também com as condições do meio ambiente onde vivem. Pretende-se com este trabalho contribuir para o conhecimento da origem da lã e perceber a diferenciação das raças ovinas autóctones nos três grupos étnicos existentes em Portugal. Palavras-chave: lã, velo, merino Abstract Wool production has been for many years, in Portugal and in several regions of the world, one of the main reasons for sheep production. This situation changed with the appearance of synthetic fibres. The production of meat or milk has thus become the primary economic aptitude of these animals. In any case, since it is necessary to shear the sheep annually, wool can provide extra yield, especially in sheep with a fleece of superior quality. Portugal presents 16 autochthonous sheep breeds that fall into three large ethnic groups, Merino, Bordaleiro and Churro, according to their external morphological characteristics and aptitudes. Each of these ethnic groups has different types of veils with different textile characteristics. It is assumed that breeds of Churra ethnic group provide wool considered of poor quality, characterised by being smooth and rough touch. In contrast, the breeds of the Merino ethnic group are considered to be producers of quality wool, characterised by being soft to the touch and presenting very undulating fibres. The physical and textile characteristics that sheep present relate not only to genetic factors but also to the conditions of the environment in which they live. This work intends to contribute to the knowledge of the origin of wool and to understand the differentiation of native sheep breeds in the three ethnic groups that exist in Portugal. Keywords: wool, fleece, merino
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Moraes, Lorran André, Maria de Fátima Veras Araújo, and Gonçalo Mendes da Conceição. "Levantamento florístico das angiospermas do Parque Estadual Cânion do rio Poti, Buriti dos Montes – PI." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 4 (2021): 1987–2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.4.p1987-2014.
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The The Poti River Canyon State Park (24,772.23 ha), located in the municipality of Buriti dos Montes, is an important Conservation and Environmental Protection Unity in the State of Piauí. Therefore, this research purpose was to identify the angiosperms species which occurr in rocky outcrops in the aforementioned Park. The collection, herborization, identification and classification of specimens was followed the usual specialized literature. The specimens are deposited in the Herbarium Prof. Aylthon Brandão Joly, located on the Center for Superior Studies of Caxias, CESC / UEMA. The park's angiosperm flora is composed by the 96 species, distributed in 82 genera and 34 families. Among these, 85.4% (82 spp.) are eudicotiledonous and 14.6% (14 spp.) are monocotyledonous. The richest families in number of species were Fabaceae (21 spp.), Apocynaceae and Cactaceae (6 spp.); Bignoniaceae and Euphorbiaceae (5spp); Araceae, Anarcadiaceae, Boraginaceae, Cyperaceae and Malvaceae (4 spp.); Bromeliaceae and Rubiaceae (3 spp.), which together had a total of 71.9% of the species, while the others presented between one and two species (28.1%). For this study area, 8.3% (8 spp.) was the firts records for Piauí state, they are Astrocaryum vulgare Mart., Cyperus pohlii (Ness) Steud., Cryptostegia madagascariensis Bojer, Cordia oncocalyx Allemão, Ibatia ganglinosa (Vell.) Morillo, Piptadenia retusa P.G.Ribeiro, Seigler & Ebinger, Vitex gardneriana Schaue e Waltheria operculata Rose as its representants. 14,6% (14 spp.) are endemic to the Caatinga and 5,2% (5 spp.) are new species records for it. This is the first floristic study for the municipality, which contributes with important information to the area of rocky outcrops, increasing the occurrence and the geographic distribution of the species in Brazil.
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Anderson de la Torre, María Antonia. "La dimensión sociopolítica de la violencia en Angosta de Héctor Abad Faciolince." Journal of Latino/Latin American Studies 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18085/1549-9502.10.2.38.
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Resumen La novela, Angosta, de Héctor Abad Faciolince, tiene lugar en una ciudad imaginaria como la Vetusta de Benito Pérez Galdós. En un nivel literario de interpretación, Angosta será un simple espacio ficticio, pero un nivel de análisis sociológico sale a la superficie si se la compara con la Colombia de fines del siglo XX y principios del XXI. Desde una perspectiva de la economía, la política y el orden social, podemos ver puntos de contacto con los efectos de la violencia en la cotidianidad de los ciudadanos de Bogotá, Medellín y Cali y cómo incluso hay alusiones/guiños del Estado mafioso-paramilitar que ha operado durante las dos últimas décadas en el país sudamericano. El autor nació y creció en un espacio rodeado por la violencia y tuvo que ver a su propio padre asesinado frente a su casa antes de huir al exilio en Italia durante años. Esta poderosa historia se filtra en las páginas de Angosta con distintos personajes y en circunstancias acomodadas de forma que no despierten suspicacias, pero están allí. Escribir sobre fuerzas oscuras estando en el mismo espacio geográfico, ciertamente no es recomendable para la salud, y no sólo Abad, sino escritores como Salman Rushdie y Roberto Saviano han corrido peligro de muerte por su osadía de correr el velo detrás del que opera ese Mago de Oz de la mafia o de la religión. En el caso de Héctor Abad, es difícil ignorar su papel como víctima de la violencia en Colombia a la hora de hacer alianzas y conexiones entre la ficción de esta novela y la realidad de la Colombia contemporánea. El uso, además, de nombres reales dentro de la novela —de Mario Jursich y Andrés Hoyos, entre otros—, es un guiño adicional que nos permite tender el puente entre un escenario distópico ficticio y la crítica de una sociedad real sumida en el horror. En este ensayo me propongo identificar los efectos más graves de la violencia que aparecen en Angosta y que podemos conectar, sin temor a equivocarnos, con elementos reales de Colombia en calidad de Estado fallido y sociedad anclada a modelos coloniales. Analizaré, pues, cómo aparece en Angosta la desarticulación de Colombia como estado mafioso, la inequidad social, la violencia contra la mujer, el racismo, la pobreza y los ataques contra las expresiones artísticas y cómo navegan los personajes esta realidad resquebrajada. Indagaré, también, de qué manera Abad se vale de una realidad distópica como recurso literario que le permite abordar de forma crítica una temible realidad como la colombiana. La violencia no sólo ha estado presente en la literatura de este autor sino que aparece en la narrativa de otros como Fernando Vallejo, Gabriel García Márquez y Mario Mendoza. Aquí analizaremos también qué características diferencian a nuestro autor de la tradición de la literatura colombiana en este aspecto particular de la violencia.
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Dube, Ernest. "Environmental challenges posed by veld fires in fragile regions: The case of the Bulilima and Mangwe districts in southern Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.224.
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This original research confronted challenges to environmental management and sustainability posed by veld fires in the Bulilima and Mangwe Districts of Matabeleland in the South Province in southern Zimbabwe. Veld fires have affected the fauna and flora, polluted air and water, and destroyed livelihoods. The study aimed at establishing challenges to environmental sustainability posed by veld fires, identifying the type of environment upon which veld fires have impacted, analysing legal issues and other interventions surrounding the control of veld fires and suggesting new control measures for veld fires. A qualitative research design and quota sampling were used. The study involved 30 participants. Data was collected through a questionnaire, an interview guide and participant observation. Challenges to environmental management and sustainability posed by veld fires include property damage, reduced soil fertility, destruction of vegetation, air and water pollution and destruction of wildlife. Most veld fires are a result of human actions that emanate from the disposal of cigarettes, the burning of vegetation when preparing fields, the use of fire by hunters, smoking out bees and the making of fires by motorists along highways. The government should consider reviewing the current environmental statues. Fireguards should be wide enough to lessen veld-fire impact. Lastly, veld-fire campaigns and rehearsals should be run on a regular basis. It is hoped that this work would make a significant contribution through improving the current thinking about environmental management and sustainability, thereby benefiting policy makers, practitioners and stakeholders.
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Dube, Ernest. "Improving disaster risk reduction capacity of District Civil Protection Units in managing veld fires: A case of Mangwe District in Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 7, no. 1 (February 27, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v7i1.143.
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This article analysed disaster risk reduction capacity of District Civil Protection Units (DCPUs) in managing veld fires in Mangwe District of Matabeleland South Province, Zimbabwe. Veld fires have resulted in unnecessary material, environmental and economic losses. Communities’ livelihoods and property have been destroyed, and the natural environment depleted. The research sought to improve disaster risk reduction capacity of DCPUs in managing veld fires, through new intervention strategies and a new model. The objectives of the study were to investigate the main causes of veld fires; to analyse their impacts; to examine the effectiveness of the current intervention strategies; and to identify challenges in implementing these interventions. Furthermore, the study sought to recommend new possible intervention strategies. This mainly qualitative study employed self-administered questionnaires, interviews and focus-group discussions. Questionnaires were used to investigate members of the DCPU’s ideas, views and experiences, interviews solicited perceptions of community leaders and their subjects, whilst focus-group discussions assisted with information from members of the District Civil Protection Planning Committee. Veld fires in the district are mainly caused by human activities, and they are prevalent during the months of September and October. They affect livelihoods and the natural environment the most. This study found that DCPUs are not prepared to manage veld fires and therefore recommended new strategies and adoption of the community-based disaster risk reduction model. The new strategies include involving community leaders and members of the communities in DCPUs; regular training and workshops to members of DCPUs on veld fire management; creation of fire protection associations; regular campaigns and rehearsal of emergency drills by the DCPU personnel; the introduction of competitions and incentives in veld fire management; vigorous public education on the erection of proper fireguards around homes, cattle pens, crop fields and vegetable gardens; and the imposition of stiffer penalties for carelessly or deliberately causing veld fires. Policy-makers, governments and stakeholders would benefit from the new intervention strategies. The community-based disaster risk reduction model would benefit researchers and disaster risk reduction practitioners.
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Wiggill, Magrita N. "Communication management during the veld fires of 23 August 2011 in the Tlokwe Local Municipality: A cautionary tale." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 5, no. 2 (January 23, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v5i2.85.
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Background: A veld fire disaster in the Tlokwe Local Municipality on 23 August 2011, resulted in an estimated monetary loss of over R43 million. The veld fire disaster was characterised by a lack of strategic management and a subsequent lack of planned, coordinated communication between all role players involved. The lack of strategic communication management indirectly contributed to the losses suffered during the disaster, and afterwards relationships between many role players were strained. Objectives and method: The objectives for the qualitative research project were to determine the different role players’ perception of communication management during the veld fires of 23 August 2011, and in what way relationships between role players were affected by the lack of communication management during the veld fire disaster. Data were gathered by means of semi-structured interviews with the relevant role players.Results and conclusion: Most of the role players were convinced that communication was not managed effectively on 23 August 2011. It resulted in, most especially, a loss of trust and perceived lack of commitment between some of the role players. It is recommended that emergency services and other role players receive more training (also focusing on communication management), participate in simulations and incorporate a communication and relationship management approach to disaster risk management.
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Belle, Johannes A., Nacelle Collins, and Andries Jordaan. "Managing wetlands for disaster risk reduction: A case study of the eastern Free State, South Africa." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 10, no. 1 (March 27, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v10i1.400.
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This article investigated the knowledge and practice of a nature-based solution to reduce disaster risks of drought, veld fires and floods using wetlands in the eastern Free State, South Africa. A mixed research method approach was used to collect primary data using three data collection tools, namely questionnaires, interviews and field observations. Ninety-five wetlands under communal and private ownership as well as a few in protected areas were sampled, with their users completing questionnaires. The study showed that communal wetlands were more degraded, while wetlands in protected areas and in private commercial farms were in a good ecological state. An extensive literature review reveals that healthy wetlands are effective buffers in reducing disaster risks such as drought, veld fires and floods which are recurrent in the study area. Therefore, through better land-use and management practices, backed by education and awareness, wetlands could be good instruments to mitigate recurrent natural hazards in the agriculturally dominated eastern Free State in South Africa.
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Du Plessis, W. P. "Refinements to the burning strategy in the Etosha National Park, Namibia." Koedoe 40, no. 1 (January 19, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v40i1.264.
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Until 1980, official policy forbade intentional veld- burning within the boundaries of the Etosha National Park. It was only in 1981 that fire was recognised by management and research as playing a fundamental role in the development and maintenance of the cur- rent vegetation communities. An objective approach to intentional veld-burning is presented simulating the incidence of lightning fires, and the subjectivity in choosing areas to burn is reduced. The selection of areas to burn depends on the mean seasonal rainfall in each burning block, the time since it last burnt and the accumulation of herbaceous fuel. Additional factors considered are the moribundness in grasses, the game pressure and the cover of green vegetation derived from satellite data.
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JA du Plessis and H van Zyl. "The effect of veld fires on the hydrological response of streamflow." Water SA 47, no. 2 April (April 29, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i2.10914.
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Veld fires are natural occurrences with the potential to impact thousands of hectares of vegetation, and in doing so, changes soil characteristics, for both urban and rural areas. It is therefore reasonable to assume that the hydrological response of a catchment could be affected by fire. The main aim of this research was to investigate the hydrological changes caused by fire on a catchment scale using a case study. On 9 March 2015, a wildfire which started in Jonkershoek nature reserve destroyed indigenous fynbos vegetation and afforested areas. Within the nature reserve, there are multiple rainfall and runoff stations, which provided a means of measuring any possible hydrological changes due to these fire events. Four catchments were used for this research, one main catchment (fynbos area) and three sub-catchments (afforested areas). Fifty-six percent of the main catchment burned, while two sub-catchments were completely burned and the other primarily unaffected by the fire. The main catchment’s hydrological response was analysed by comparing the hydrographs of comparable pre- and post-fire runoff events. Eighteen comparable events were used for the analysis. The mean runoff volume increased by approximately 7% after the fire and mean peak flow by 50%. The change was even more noticeable when comparing the two sub-catchments affected by the veld fire and the unburned sub-catchment with each other. All the sub-catchments were similar in size and were located close enough to each other to be represented by one rainfall station. Before the fire, the average daily streamflows between the unburned (control) and burned catchments were similar; however after the fire the average daily streamflow of the two burned catchments in comparison to the control catchment increased by 45% and 50%, respectively. The mean runoff volume from the two affected/burned catchments, after the fire, for individual events increased by approx. 72% and 52% in comparison to the control catchment. The mean peak flows increased by approximately 173% and 110% in comparison to the control catchment.
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Mabaso, Sizwe, Eric Seyama, Sipho Mamba, Sibusiso Ginindza, Nosizo Mthupha, Sylvia Kunene, Wisdom Dlamini, et al. "Understanding the Causes, Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of 2019 Veld Fires in the Kingdom of Eswatini." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3727984.
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Mushore, Terence Darlington, Teddious Mhizha, Moven Manjowe, Linia Mashawi, Electdom Matandirotya, Emmanuel Mashonjowa, Collen Mutasa, Juliet Gwenzi, and George Tawanda Mushambi. "Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies for Small Holder Farmers: A Case of Nyanga District in Zimbabwe." Frontiers in Climate 3 (August 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.676495.
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Climate change encompassing mostly hydro-meteorological hazards is a reality affecting the world in diverse ways. It is manifesting in various ways such as increases in frequency and intensity of floods, droughts, and extreme temperatures. In recent years, climate change has induced droughts, other extreme weather events and meteorological disasters in many countries including Zimbabwe. Effective management of climate change induced challenges require localized strategies which may vary from one part of the world to another and even within a country. In view of the need to understand localized impacts and responses to climate change, the main objectives of the study were to (i) assess the impact of climate change on livelihoods and food security, (ii) identify and evaluate adaptation and mitigation strategies that small holder farmers in Ward 17, Nyanga, Zimbabwe have developed. The research used both qualitative and quantitative approaches with data collection methods comprising of questionnaires (56), observations and interviews (8). The tools were used to gather information which included encounters with extreme weather events, climatic trends as well as adaptive responses. The findings showed that climate change had a significant negative impact on the livelihoods and food security status of small holder farmers in ward 17 of Nyanga district. The identified climate change adaptation strategies implemented in the study area included food aid, use of traditional grains and other drought resistant crops, early planting, multiple planting, barter trade and livelihood diversification. The mitigation strategies used included afforestation and reforestation programs, avoiding veld fires and preservation of wetlands. The research identified challenges to climate change adaptation which include lack of markets to sell farming produce, inefficient institutions, poverty and high climate variability and increased uncertainty in the behavior of seasons. The findings of this study indicated the need for similar assessment in other parts of the country as impacts of climate change and responses thereof should vary from place to place.
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Novellie, Peter, and Tineke Kraaij. "Evaluation of Themeda triandra as an indicator for monitoring the effects of grazing and fire in the Bontebok National Park." Koedoe 52, no. 1 (March 11, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v52i1.977.
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Up until 2004, the burning regime applied in the Bontebok National Park was aimed at maintaining grazing conditions suitable for bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus). It was, however, not suitable for maintaining plant species diversity, an increasingly urgent conservation priority for the park. Accordingly, the burning regime was changed in 2004 to increase the interval between fires. A possible unintended outcome of the new burning regime is the spread of grazing lawns which is likely to be deleterious for maintaining the diversity of rare plants. Red grass, Themeda triandra, a species often locally abundant in areas preferred by bontebok, is potentially a good indicator of the anticipated change because, although it persists with moderate grazing, it is sensitive to localised intense grazing and will decrease on grazing lawns. To gauge the potential of this indicator, the canopy spread cover, degree of defoliation and inflorescence production of T. triandrawas determined at 13 permanently marked sites in November 2005. The results are compared with a survey conducted 20 years previously (October–November 1984 and October–November 1985) using similar methodology. The results suggest that T. triandra remained abundant over the previous 20 years’ application of the prior burning regime. In 1984–1985, defoliation of T. triandra was high within 1 year after a fire but declined quickly thereafter. In 2005, the tendency for the defoliation level to decline with increasing time after a fire was still apparent, but it was much less marked than in the previous survey period. A likely cause of this was the fact that Cape mountain zebra (Equus zebra zebra) and red hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus caama) were present in 2005 but absent in 1984–1985 and these taller-grass grazers would have contributed to the use of the older veld. Provided it is interpreted together with other monitoring programmes, the use of T. triandra cover and defoliation intensity appears promising as an efficient indicator of some of the potentially deleterious outcomes of the interactions between herbivory and the new burning regime.Conservation implications: The conservation objectives of maintaining (1) large mammal herbivory as an ecological process and (2) plant species diversity may be difficult to reconcile with each other in the highly fragmented renosterveld and lowland fynbos ecosystems. This paper explores a rapid approach to monitoring impacts of bontebok and other grazing ungulates.
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"INSIDE INDUSTRY." Asia-Pacific Biotech News 22, no. 07 (July 2018): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219030318000514.
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Pharma companies are partnering AI firms to advance drug discovery. SGD110 million lab to create healthier foods and sustainable biochemicals. Philips and Singapore Institute of Advanced Medicine Holdings open regional oncology center. 3D printing will become standard part of healthcare portfolio. Vela Diagnostics buys Great Basin Scientific. APAC Biotech and Diakonos bring new immunotherapy technology to India. Kintaro Cells Power partners Tokyo Medical University to advance stem cell research. Clearbridge partners with Genome.One to offer personal health genomics programme.
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Donézar Díez de Ulzurrun, Javier M., and Laura Santolaya Heredero. "Una cuestión de política interna en el reinado de Felipe IV : si las mujeres deben llevar velo o no." Espacio Tiempo y Forma. Serie IV, Historia Moderna, no. 8 (January 1, 1995). http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/etfiv.8.1995.3315.
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Escribía cierto autor del siglo xix al presentar un tratado sobre la decadencia de la seda en España: «Lector, te invito a que no te fijes sólo en lo liviano de este tejido, porque tras él encontrarás muchas consideraciones». Algo de esto debemos decir al comenzar este artículo sobre la conveniencia o no del uso del velo por las mujeres en la Castilla del siglo xvii. La obra que se pretende analizar o glosar es el tratado de Antonio de León Pinelo, que fue relator del Consejo Real de las Indias, titulado: Velos antiguos y modernos en los rostros de las mujeres. Sus conveniencias y daños. Ilustración de la Real Pragmática de las Tapadas (Madrid, Juan Sánchez, 1641, 137 folios). Tal Pragmática de 1639 prohibía los velos y obligaba a que las mujeres llevaran su rostro descubierto; la cual, por cierto, resultaba ser la cuarta sobre el mismo asunto lo que indicaba que a las precedentes no se les había hecho demasiado caso.
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Marsch, Nikolaus. "El principio de objetividad en Alemania." Documentación Administrativa, September 10, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.24965/da.v0i289.10077.
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El ordenamiento jurídico alemán no consagra expresamente el principio de objetividad –ni a nivel constitucional ni legal–. Sin embargo, existen normas dirigidas a garantizar la objetividad de la Administración. Es el caso del principio de imparcialidad en el procedimiento administrativo –que tiene su fundamento constitucional último en la cláusula de Estado de Derecho– y de otras disposiciones de carácter sustantivo que regulan, por ejemplo, el ejercicio de la discrecionalidad administrativa, la inclusión de cláusulas accesorias en los actos administrativos y la celebración de los contratos administrativos, con el fin de asegurar que la Administración respete los fines previstos legalmente. También en algunas actividades administrativas, de policía y fomento, la jurisprudencia ha desarrollado algunos mandatos de actuación objetiva y neutral. Asimismo, la neutralidad del Estado juega un papel fundamental en el Derecho de la educación –al regular la presencia de crucifijos en las escuelas públicas o el uso del velo islámico por parte de las docentes– y en el Derecho de la función pública –en el que rigen el principio de mérito y capacidad y la obligación de los funcionarios de respetar la Constitución y de no involucrarse en asuntos políticos–.
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Serrano-Barquín, Carolina, Héctor Serrano-Barquín, Patricia Zarza-Delgado, and Graciela Vélez-Bautista. "Estereotipos de género que fomentan violencia simbólica: desnudez y cabellera." Revista Estudos Feministas 26, no. 3 (September 6, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9584-2018v26n344848.
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Resumen: El propósito del presente artículo es analizar las categorías: cuerpo, desnudez y cabellera, articuladas por la violencia simbólica en contra de las mujeres. Asimismo, se busca evidenciar el grado de “naturalización” de los estereotipos femeninos, en este caso, el uso de cabellera larga como rasgo identitario de género, cuyo manejo discrecional permite el ejercicio indiscriminado del poder masculino. Entre otros casos, se muestra el uso del yihab musulmán, por el enorme parecido al velo de monjas católicas, cuya función es, precisamente, la negación de la cabellera, impidiendo el disfrute y erotización por parte del varón. Esto, en situación contraria al de la exhibición de la desnudez y la cabellera de la mujer ante el espectador masculino, especialmente en espacios íntimos, tanto familiares como los de encuentro sexual. Para los fines de este artículo, se entiende la desnudez como una de las expresiones de la corporalidad, en este caso, femenina, que ha sido el canal de recepción u objeto para el ejercicio permanente del poder masculino, es decir, como manifestación inequívoca del orden social androcéntrico. Se plantean aquí las tres categorías de análisis entrecruzadas por el eje transversal de la violencia simbólica, aludiendo en ocasiones a referentes históricos, artísticos y semióticos
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Capacho, Eliana Elizabeth Rivera, Diana Carolina Sanchez Cubillos, Eyla Dayana Basto Vera, Asbleydi Torres Barbosa, Astrid Carolina Bohorquez, and Yulieth Paola Sinuco. "VALOR DE USO CLINICO DE LA FOTOGRAFIA EN MOTRICIDAD OROFACIAL." REVISTA CIENTÍFICA SIGNOS FÓNICOS 2, no. 3 (October 25, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.24054/01204211.v3.n3.2016.2025.
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INTRODUCCIÓN: El valor de uso clínico que diferentes disciplinas han encontrado en la fotografía, va desde los propósitos de evaluación diagnóstico, toma de decisiones para la intervención, hasta fines investigativos, lo cual motiva la pregunta de investigación: ¿Cuál es el valor de uso clínico de la fotografía clínica en Motricidad Orofacial?. MÉTODOS: El tipo de estudio se enmarca en el desarrollo experimental, haciendo uso de la “Ficha de Fotografía Clínica Aplicada a Motricidad Orofacial”, que consta de 4 segmentos. La ficha se aplicó a 69 estudiantes universitarios 34 mujeres y 35 hombres sin antecedentes de tratamiento ortodóncico. RESULTADOS: Se estudió el valor de uso clínico de las fotografías en la Postura corporal, Musculatura de la masticación, Musculatura de paladar y velo del paladar, Dentición y Oclusión, Lengua y frenillo lingual, Músculos de la expresión facial y asimetría facial, se exalta en los resultados que en los diferentes segmentos de la unidad estomatognática analizados, se percibieron hallazgos de importancia a nivel miofuncional Orofacial. ANÁLISIS Y DISCUSIÓN: La incorporación del recurso fotográfico en la evaluación, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento en el área de Motricidad Orofacial, se constituye en un mecanismo de fácil entrenamiento, económico y poco invasivo, que permite al clínico analizar detalladamente la morfología y estado de estructuras intra y extraorales y de funcionalidad como en la expresión facial CONCLUSIONES: La fotografía es un método, de fácil acceso al profesional de Motricidad Orofaial; que puede utilizarse de manera efectiva con requerimientos técnicos mínimos.