Academic literature on the topic 'Venezuelan Art'
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Journal articles on the topic "Venezuelan Art"
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Dimeo, Carlos. "Arte Popular, Arte Ingenuo y Arte Figurativo en la obra pictórica de Bárbaro Rivas." Sztuka Ameryki Łacińskiej 3 (2013): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/sal201306.
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Bárbaro Rivas (1893–1967) is considered to be the first ‘primitivist’ and ‘figurativist’ in Venezuela. Local and ludic elements create the central axis of popular and figurative Venezuelan art transformation from the late 19th to the mid-20th century. It was when a sign in painting was redefined – resignified and became an element binding main forms of popular art, reality of artist’s world, simplicity of life transformed into an idea of primitivism. Like other artists of his times (Armando Reverón), Bárbaro Rivas derived his art from life of local society and his own experience. His art is marked with autobiographical elements, which constitute a borderline between common sense and madness. Presented world is permeated with religiousness, magic and superstitions. In visualization, it is important to present reality from a double perspective; his artworks contain twoand three-dimensional grounds embraced in a single depiction. Plastic poetics of Bárbaro Rivas contains contradictory elements, inconsistent prima facie, yet containing in their nature rudimentary elements rooted in popular imagination, religious beliefs, etc. The world, being a mixture of elements, becomes a peculiar metisage expressed through the simplicity of primitivism, in the context of searching and describing new worlds and experience. This article aims not only at explaining how Venezuelan artist imagines and plans his art, but also at describing his approach to popular and local elements in Venezuela, which then spread across the whole Latin America as a form of artistic expression.
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Kurniawan, Agung, and Dwi Maharani. "REPRESENTASI FOTO VENEZUELA CRISIS DI KALANGAN PEWARTA FOTO PALEMBANG." Jurnal Inovasi 15, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/ji.v15i1.2201.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of the Venezuelan Crisis PhotoRepresentation dance among Palembang Photo Reporters. This research method is qualitative witha descriptive approach to interview, observation, documentation, literature study. Subjects in thisstudy consisted of actors and observers of the art of journalistic photography using Charles SandersPierce's semiotic theory as the theoretical basis of the research entitled Venezuelan Crisis photorepresentation among Palembang photo reporters. Judging from the meaning in the VenezuelaCrisis photo, it is a journalistic photo with the theme of sports news containing a very strongmessage. The meaning of the photo of Venezuela Crisis, there is an allusion to the meaning impliedin it which contains the values and images of the riots in the city of Venezuela in crisis. Based onthe research results, it is concluded that the Venezuela Crisis photo is a photo with a strong messagemeaning to be conveyed to the public to win the world-level photography championship in the worldpress.
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Fajardo-Hill, Cecilia. "Inner/Outer Exile in Contemporary Venezuelan Art." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 54, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905762.2021.1990580.
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Ivannikov, Tymur, and Tetiana Filatova. "Сuatro as a historical phenomenon of Venezuelan guitar art." Часопис Національної музичної академії України ім.П.І.Чайковського, no. 4(45) (December 26, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2414-052x.4(45).2019.189778.
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STREHOVEC, Janez. "Art State, Art Activism and Expanded Concept of Art." Cultura 18, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul022021.0003.
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Abstract: Contemporary post-aesthetic art implies an expanded concept of the work of art that also includes political functions. Beuys’s concept of social sculpture and Marcuse’s idea of society as a work of art can be complemented by Abreu’s project of a musical orchestra as a social ideal (the Venezuelan example of the music and education project El Sistema) and the Neue Slowenische Kunst transnational state formed from the core of art. These concepts are close to the views of Hakim Bey (Temporary Autonomous Zone), with D’Annunzio also touching upon them with his State of Fiume (1919–1920), for which he wrote the constitution and defined music as its central governing principle. Although the art state is a utopian project, art can serve a variety of emancipatory functions even in the dystopian present to intervene in and change the political. In this article, we also discuss the case of art activism in Slovenia, where culture (with many engaged artists) has become a central part of civil society oriented towards social change. Art activism contributes to an expanded concept of the political, which includes new subjects and new forms of antagonisms. Likewise, such repurposing of art emphasises its role in research.
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Chacón, José G., Nancy E. González, Aleida Véliz, Benito R. Losada, Hernando Paul, Luís G. Santiago, Ana Antúnez, et al. "Effect of knee osteoarthritis on the perception of quality of life in Venezuelan patients." Arthritis Care & Research 51, no. 3 (June 3, 2004): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.20402.
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Fraser, Valerie. "Alfredo Boulton and His Contemporaries: Critical Dialogues in Venezuelan Art, 1912 – 1974." Hispanic American Historical Review 91, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1165370.
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Bellaviti, Sean. "La Hora de la Salsa: Nicolás Maduro and the Political Dimensions of Salsa in Venezuela." Journal of Latin American Studies 53, no. 2 (March 23, 2021): 373–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x21000237.
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AbstractIn this article I examine how, during a period of extreme social unrest, Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro took up the role of a salsa radio deejay as a show of confidence in his hold on political power and of his solidarity with ordinary Venezuelans. I argue that this all but unprecedented and, for many, controversial course of action by a sitting president provides us with an unusual opportunity to analyse Venezuela's long-standing political crisis. In particular, I highlight how Maduro harnessed salsa's long association with poor Latin Americans, its connection to Venezuela and its pleasurable character to bolster his socialist credentials, and I show how this strategy unleashed a public exchange of criticisms with one legendary salsero (salsa musician), Rubén Blades. By exploring the way music intersects with politics, I show how popular culture is neither ancillary to nor derivative of the country's ever-deepening strife but, rather, constitutive of it.
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Singh, Kelvin. "Oil Politics in Venezuela during the López Contreras Administration (1936–1941)." Journal of Latin American Studies 21, no. 1-2 (June 1989): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00014437.
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When the Venezuelan dictator, Juan Vincente Gómez, died on 17 December 1935, after ruling Venezuela with an iron fist for 27 years, an outburst of popular unrest and nationalistic fervour was unleashed against the foreign oil companies operating on Venezuelan soil. The dominant oil interests in Venezuela at the time were Royal Dutch Shell, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and the Gulf Oil Company. There were several smaller companies such as British Controlled Oilfields, a British state-owned company with a network of Venezuelan affiliates, and the Socony Vacuum Company, a New York-based company which was a significant latecomer. It was the first three aforementioned companies, however, that constituted the Big Three.1The oil companies were associated in the popular mind with the odious Gómez dictatorship and partly for this reason became the object of the people's wrath. Yet there were also practical economic and social reasons for the popular feeling against the companies. The latter paid low wages, provided miserable housing and social amenities for their workers and discriminated against Venezuelans in their employment practices.2For more than a year after the dictator's death Venezuela was in the throes of popular unrest.
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Basso, Francesca. "What Care for Birthing Mothers? The Relevance of UDHR Art. 25 in the Framework of Obstetric Violence in Italy and Portugal." Proceedings of The Global Conference on Women’s Studies 2, no. 1 (October 28, 2023): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/womensconf.v2i1.87.
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Obstetric violence (OV) was first defined in 2007 in Venezuelan law as gender-based violence (GBV), i.e., having structural roots rather than happening in contingent or subjective situations. In Venezuelan Law, OV is framed as breach of multiple human rights of women (e.g. right to life, right to be free from violence, and right to health): more recently, international human rights law has followed suit– recognizing that pregnancy and childbirth care must be provided according to the principles enshrined in article 25 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), the right to health. Its actual implementation, however, still shows a cleavage between standards and practice. This work seeks to examine the meanings of the term “care” in art. 25 UDHR in international, regional, and domestic legal documents and its actual articulation. Support to such critical analysis is provided by scientific literature, providing a review of the legal notion of OV and its prevalence in the context of analysis. This work focuses on Italy and Portugal - countries particularly relevant for the recent developments of the subject matter in Europe, also in light of the influence exercised by Latin American activism through Spanish activism. While the meaning “care” in the context of childbirth is quite deep and comprehensive in human rights standard-setting instruments, also highlighting how OV disrupts such care by jeopardizing the agency, dignity, health, and self-determination of the birthing person, such care is still not up to those standards – in jurisprudence as well as in in the daily reality of the analyzed countries.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Venezuelan Art"
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Aleman-Fernandez, Carmen Elena. "Corpus Christi and Saint John the Baptist : a history of art in an African-Venezuelan community." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1990. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29664/.
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For the past ten years I have conducted research in the town of Chuao (Aragua State), an area settled in the 16th Century, site of the oldest and most renowned cocoa plantation of Venezuela. By the mid-17th century, the owner turned control of the enterprise over to the Roman Catholic Church, which administered it through the Inter-diocesan Seminary until 1827, at which time, by direct order of Simon Bolivar, the plantation became the property of the University of Caracas (today the Universidad Central de Venezuela) until 1883. From then it came under the direct control of the State.;The inhabitants are descended from African slave populations brought in by Spanish colonists; and the area can only be reached by sea. The relative isolation of Chuao makes it a special place in which one can study the evolution of artistic and rituals forms. Chuao appears to be one of the few African communities in modem Venezuela which has actively maintained links with its past. The Chuao tradition has evolved in the local integration of official (Spanish Catholicism) and popular (slave African elements). This may well exemplify the evolution of artistical ritual forms in other coastal communities of north-central Venezuela from the time of Spanish Colonialism.;The thesis is centred around the principal festivities of the community of Chuao: Corpus Christi (featuring "devil" masquerade) and the festive cycle of Saint John the Baptist (featuring images of the Saint and his mistress). Both festivities are organized by societies, the Corpus Christi society led by men and the Saint John society, by women. These societies are thus responsible for all the different aspects of the celebrations, such as the preparation for the festival, rehearsals, stages of the festivities, masks, costumes, images, dances, music, songs, speeches and poems.;These festivities are placed within the historical background of the community, and plantation of Chuao including the possible origin of the Africans arrived in Spanish America during the period of the slave trade. Moreover, the importance of the religious tradition of Chuao for an understanding of these festivities is provided by the Doctrine of Maria Tecla.
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Sassu, Suarez Ferri Natalia. "Carlos Cruz-Diez : from figuration to kineticism." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11817.
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The Venezuelan artist Carlos Cruz-Diez (b.1923) is an exemplar of modernism both in Europe and in Latin America. This thesis offers a broader understanding of his work by discussing his early paintings as a precedent to his more recognized production. Cruz-Diez's chief aim as an artist is the liberation of colour, a process undertaken with the motivation of being part of art history, in an avant-garde quest for what his original contribution to art could be. Transition, interaction, colour, space and time: these are the crucial concepts of the work of Cruz-Diez investigated in this thesis and positioned in the Latin American/European and Kinetic/Optical context. Today, Cruz-Diez's works from his first Physichromie (1959) onwards have been extensively explored both by him in numerous commentaries and by scholars. In contrast, only few works of the 1950s have been displayed and discussed. The key aspect of my argument is that 1959 is not an abrupt beginning to Cruz-Diez's work but the conclusive stage of a ten-year process of transition from figuration to abstraction. I demonstrate that there is indeed a drawn-out “passage” made of readings and experiments, of “successes” and" “failures”. I argue that this “passage” is articulated along three parallel paths: 1) the detachment from naturalistic or figurative representation; 2) the detachment from the concept of colour as a synonym of pigment on a support; and 3) the shift in emphasis from a “passive” to an “active” spectator.
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Ryan, Michael Joseph. "Hard knocks on a thick skull training the body for a "closed habitus" in a Venezuelan civilian combative art /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2007.
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Lopez, Barazarte Maria Angelica BARAZARTE. "IT WAS, IT IS, WHAT IF." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1499449654080401.
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Mayhall, Marguerite Katherine. "The dissolution of Utopia art, politics, and the city of Caracas in the 1960s /." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3055239.
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Rodriguez, Florangel. "Inflation in Venezuela: The Case for No Single Cause." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc501219/.
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The study was designed to examine the causal relationship between the Venezuelan inflation and the monetarist variables--money supply--and the structuralist variables-- exchange rate and balance of payments. The data (1964-1982) was gathered from the International Financial Statistic Yearbook, 1983 and the Statistical Yearbook, 1974, 1982. Chapter I is an introduction to the research problem. Chapter II does a review of the related literature. Chapter III deals with the methods and procedures for treating the data. Chapter IV presents an statistical analysis of the data. And, Chapter V contains a summary of the study and its findings, conclusions and recommendations. The study only found a significant relationship between inflation and the monetarist variables money supply and GNP, though supporting the monetarist theory. A similar investigation is suggested, but selecting a longer time period, other.variables, and more refined methodologies and analysis.
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Miguel, Nicholas Edward. "The art songs of Modesta Bor (1926-1998)." Diss., University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6213.
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This essay introduces readers to the music of the Venezuelan composer Modesta Bor (1926-1998) and provides a resource for interpretation of her art songs for voice and piano. Bor was an important composer in Venezuela with a successful career in composition, pedagogy, and conducting. However, she is not widely known outside of Venezuela and scholarship on her art song is limited. This study seeks to fill that void by examining Bor’s twenty-nine published art songs for solo voice and piano. These works include the song cycles/collections Tres canciones infantiles para voz y piano, Canciones infantiles, Primer ciclo de romanzas para contralto y piano, Segundo ciclo de romanzas para contralto y piano, Tríptico sobre poesía cubana, and Tres canciones para mezzo-soprano y piano, as well as nine ungrouped songs. Bor’s art songs are notable for her imitation of Venezuelan folk and popular music in the vein of Figurative Nationalism, her sophisticated harmonic language, and neoclassical techniques such as ostinato and motivic variation. This essay aims to help performers begin to understand the allusions to the national music of Venezuela. Her music elevates the llanero, the common rural laborer, and comments on the social issues of her people. This essay provides a brief history of Venezuelan music, a biography of Bor, and brief biographies of the poets used. It also contributes original poetic and musical analyses of her art songs, exploring the areas of form, melody, rhythm, and harmony. Venezuelan Spanish and the lyric diction appropriate for Bor’s songs are discussed. Poetic translations, word-for-word translations, and International Phonetic Alphabet transliterations are included for all of the poetry used.
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Lindh, de Montoya Monica. "Progress, hunger and envy : commercial agriculture, marketing and social transformation in the Venezuelan Andes /." Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell international, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37192932z.
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Silva, Paula Carolina Neubauer da [UNESP]. "A vocação construtiva na Arte Sul-Americana: os cinéticos venezuelanos e os concretos paulistas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/86899.
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silva_pcn_me_ia.pdf: 2121158 bytes, checksum: c65389f72cc8c8fdd5ed879840881b2b (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A presente pesquisa justifica-se pela escassez de estudos contrapondo as práticas artísticas dos cinéticos venezuelanos às dos concretos paulistas, ainda que os dois movimentos tenham sido contemporâneos e influenciado fortemente a produção artística em seus respectivos países. A pesquisa foi feita por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, trabalhos acadêmicos, artigos e catálogos de exposições relacionadas ao tema. Foi elaborada de forma comparativa, buscando identificar fontes de referência e bibliografia específica com o objetivo de estabelecer as influências construtivas européias pertinentes à produção da arte concreta no Brasil e à arte cinética na Venezuela durante a década de 1950. Assim, são exploradas as similaridades entre os movimentos, partindo-se, para tanto, de suas raízes construtivas, para chegar às suas respectivas particularidades. Delimita-se o escopo da presente pesquisa à obra de três artistas de cada movimento e suas respectivas produções no período em questão. São eles: Luiz Sacilotto, Judith Lauand e Geraldo de Barros, no que tange aos concretos, e Jesús Rafael Soto, Carlos Cruz-Diez e Alejandro Otero em relação aos cinéticos. Apresenta-se o surgimento do concretismo em São Paulo, em volta do Grupo Ruptura sob forte influência das ideias construtivistas defendidas por Waldemar Cordeiro e das tendências abstracionistas no Brasil à época. Paralelamente, explora-se o impacto do grupo Los Disidientes, articulado por Otero e suas repercussões na obra de Soto e Cruz-Diez, bem como o contexto venezuelano desde a ocasião do Manifesto Los Disidentes (1950) até a adoção da abstração no país. Examina-se a convergência dos artistas em Paris durante os anos 1950, o que possibilitou o intercâmbio das experiências de Alejandro Otero, Carlos Cruz-Diez e Jesús Rafael Soto. Da mesma...
This research is justified by the lack of studies comparing the kinetics artistics practices of Venezuela and concrete practices from São Paulo. This work was made through research of bibliography, academic papers, articles and exhibitions catalogues related to the theme. It has been done in a comparative manner aiming to identify references and specific bibliographies with the purpose of establishing the constructive European influences related to the production of a concrete art in Brazil and a kInetic art in Venezuela in the 1950s. Therefore, it explores the movement similarities from their constructive roots to their respective particularities. The scope of this research is limited to the work of three artists of each movement and to their respective productions during the period in question. They are: Luiz Sacilotto, Judith Lauand and Geraldo de Barros for the concretes; and Jesús Rafael Soto, Carlos Cruz-Diez and Alejandro Otero for the kinetics. There is a discussion about the origin of the concrete movement in São Paulo, around the Ruptura Group, under the influence of the constructivist ideas championed by Waldemar Cordeiro and the abstract tendencies in Brazil at the time. It is also presented the impact of Los Disidientes Group articulated by Otero and its repercussion in the work of Soto and Cruz-Diez, in addition to the Venezuelan context since of the release of Manifesto Los Disidientes (1950) until the adoption of abstraction in the country. The research also analyses the convergence of the artists in Paris during the 1950s which enable the experience interchange between Alejandro Otero, Carlos Cruz-Diez e Jesús Rafael Soto. In the same way, there will be a discussion about the limitations of the adoption of the abstract geometrical language as the way through modernization and rationality which characterizes and... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Machillando, Pinto José. "Poder político y poder militar en Venezuela : 1958-1986 /." Caracas : Ed. Centauro, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb370332514.
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Tesis doctoral--Ciencias políticas--Caracas--Universidad Simón Bolívar. Titre de soutenance : Poder político y poder militar en Venezuela durante la democracia (1958-1986).Notes bibliogr. Bibliogr. p. 193-200.
Books on the topic "Venezuelan Art"
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(Venezuela), Galería de Arte Nacional. Colección de pinturas, dibujos y estampas del siglo XIX. Caracas: Fundación Galería de Arte Nacional, 1993.
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Galería de Arte Nacional (Venezuela). Donación Miguel Otero Silva: Arte venezolano en las colecciones de la Galería de Arte Nacional y el Museo de Anzoátegui. Caracas: Fundación Galeria de Arte Nacional, 1993.
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Bienal, de Arte FONDENE (1st 1997 Porlamar Venezuela). Primera Bienal de Arte FONDENE: Ambitos del encuentro : Isla de Margarita. [Nueva Esparta, Venezuela]: Fondo para el Desarrollo de Nueva Esparta, 1997.
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Huizi, María Elena. Artes plásticas en Venezuela: Una mirada. Caracas: Galería de Arte Nacional, 2000.
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Salon Julio T. Arze (13th 1997 Barquisimeto, Venezuela). XIII Salon Julio T. Arze: Del 14 septiembre al 02 de noviembre de 1997. Barquisimeto: Edo. Lara, 1997.
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Huizi, María Elena. Artes plásticas en Venezuela: Una mirada. Caracas: Galeria de Arte Nacional, 2000.
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Bienal Camille Pissarro (2nd 1994 Caracas, Venezuela). II Bienal Camille Pissarro. Caracas: Centro Cultural Consolidado, 1994.
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Boulton, Alfredo. Reverón en cien años de pintura en Venezuela =: Reveron in one hundred years of painting in Venezuela. Caracas, Venezuela: Museo de Arte Contemporáneo de Caracas, 1989.
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Bornhorst, Julia. Venezuela, 1923-1941 en acuarelas y relatos de Julia Bornhorst. Caracas, Venezuela: Oscar Todtmann Editores, 1993.
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Mazza, Jacqueline, and Nicolás Forero Villarreal. "Perú and Migration from Venezuela: From Early Adjustment to Policy Misalignment." In The Palgrave Handbook of South–South Migration and Inequality, 653–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-39814-8_30.
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AbstractPerú has become the second largest recipient of Venezuelan migrants worldwide with more than 1.5 million arriving by December 2022. The country’s policies towards Venezuelan migrants changed sharply over the seven years of Venezuela’s forced migration crisis. In a first policy phase (2015–2018), Perú was openly accommodating to Venezuelans, providing a special work permit, and welcoming their socio-economic inclusion. The policy swerved sharply towards restriction and exclusion beginning with President Martin Vizcarra. Under Phase II (2018–March 2020), Perú restricted legal migration, erecting criteria that it knew were difficult to comply with. Perú’s restrictive policies are found in this chapter to be both ineffective in reducing forced migration flows and counterproductive by inducing the greater marginalisation of Venezuelan migrants that only accelerated during the third phase brought on by the COVID-19 health crisis. Perú’s restrictive policies, the chapter concludes, were increasingly misaligned with the dynamics of forced migration and ultimately undermined Perú’s own socio-economic and political development as a result.
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Blouin, Cécile, and Cristina Zamora Gómez. "Institutional and Social Xenophobia Towards Venezuelan Migrants in the Context of a Racialized Country: The Case of Peru." In IMISCOE Research Series, 169–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11061-0_8.
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AbstractAlthough there is a growing academic interest in xenophobia in South America (Chan & Strabucchi, Asian Ethnicity 22(2):374–394, 2020; Tijoux-Merino, Convergencia: Revista de Ciencias Sociales 20(61):83–104, 2013; Guizardi & Mardones, Estudios Fronterizos 21:1–24, 2020), research is incipient on Peru due, in part, to the recent changes in migration trends. Moreover, in the case of Peru, scholars have not explored how xenophobia and racism intersect and connect. Addressing this gap, this chapter examines xenophobia in Peru against the Venezuelan community from an institutional and social perspective, addressing how both perspectives are relational and self-sustaining in a context of racialization. We use a mixed methodology that combines literature and political-normative analysis with quantitative data analysis. We examine how the institutional xenophobia against Venezuelan migration in the country, expressed through legislation as well as informal and formal practices of exclusion, have portrayed migrants as invaders. We also argue that the structural and complex racialization that operates in the country is also nourished by a special hatred against the foreigner who threatens the fragile sense of nationhood in Peru. Thus, we observe the emergence of a feeling of Venezuelanphobia as a hatred towards everything that has to do with ‘the Venezuelan.’
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Jaffe, Klaus, and John Lattke. "Ant Fauna of the French and Venezuelan Islands in the Caribbean." In Exotic Ants, 181–90. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429040795-15.
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Christou, Anastasia, and Eleonore Kofman. "Gendering Asylum." In IMISCOE Research Series, 77–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91971-9_5.
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AbstractBy the end of 2019, 79.5 million people of concern (refugees and internally displaced) around the world had been forced from their home countries. It represents over three times the number of people of concern compared to the figure at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The major development since the peak in asylum applications in 2015 in Europe has been the large-scale emigration of Venezuelans, who as of 2019 are now among the top three nationalities in Europe, especially in Spain. On the other hand, Covid-19 has led to a significant reduction in applicants in 2020, especially among Colombians and Venezuelans arriving by air (EASO, 2021).
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Capdevilla, Manuel Joel Díaz. "Environmental Penal Control in Venezuela: Amazonia and the Orinoco Mining Arc." In The 21st Century Fight for the Amazon, 131–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56552-1_7.
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Briceño-Ruiz, José, and Kai Lehmann. "Venezuela in Crisis: Governability, Equity and Democracy." In Financial Crisis Management and Democracy, 213–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54895-7_13.
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AbstractThis chapter aims to answer the following questions: What is the nature of the crisis confronted by the country and what are the conditions which led to, and sustain, it? What do these conditions mean for any attempts to address this crisis? Finally, what can be done in practical terms to address this crisis especially considering the country’s increasing isolation not only in the region but in the world?
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Fant, Lars. "“Those Venezuelans are so Easy-Going!” National Stereotypes and Self-Representations in Discourse about the Other." In The Handbook of Intercultural Discourse and Communication, 272–91. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118247273.ch14.
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Pollock, Matthew, Gibran Delgado-Díaz, Iraida Galarza, Manuel Díaz-Campos, and Erik W. Willis. "Chapter 5. The emergence of sound change in two varieties of Spanish." In Innovative Approaches to Research in Hispanic Linguistics, 106–29. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ihll.38.05pol.
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We examine social and linguistic factors, including lexical frequency, that influence variable production of the alveolar rhotic trill in Caracas, Venezuela, and the region surrounding Caguas, Puerto Rico. Two categories of rhotic productions are established: non-innovative trills with two or more occlusions and innovative reduced ones with fewer than two occlusions and possible frication. Phonetic context, rhotic duration, and lexical frequency conditioned trill production in both varieties; mixed-effect logistic regressions showed that shorter duration and high frequency tokens predicted use of innovative variants in both varieties, while low vowels also did so in Caracas. This suggests that Caracas and Caguas are experiencing variation reflective of the early stages of a linguistic change, with linguistic factors conditioning reduced variants.
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García Portilla, Jason. "Environment/Geography and Prosperity/Transparency (E), (4), (7)." In “Ye Shall Know Them by Their Fruits”, 189–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78498-0_12.
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AbstractThis chapter discusses the influence of the environment and geography on prosperity and corruption and reviews some leading empirical works.A direct and robust empirical relationship exists between the environment/geography and the prosperity of nations. For instance, countries located in the inter-tropical or equatorial zone tend to be poorer than those located in temperate zones. Seasonal dynamics lead ecosystems and societies to accumulate and manage more resources, while equatorial species and people tend to consume the available resources immediately rather than storing, accumulating, and reinvesting the excess capital.An abundance of natural resources (i.e. fuels and minerals) tends to generate conditions for rent-seeking and corruption. Venezuela, Nigeria, or Arab countries are examples of countries located on the equator characterised by an abundance of natural resources and by high levels of corruption.
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Swain, Angela, Juan Berríos, and Matthew Kanwit. "Chapter 3. Exploring future-in-the-past variation in Seville and Caracas." In Innovative Approaches to Research in Hispanic Linguistics, 58–80. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ihll.38.03swa.
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Research on Spanish future-time expression has revealed a diachronic rise for the periphrastic future. However, future-in-the-past expression remains understudied. Two common variants are the periphrastic future in the imperfect (e.g., iba a bailar ‘I was going to dance’) and the conditional (e.g., bailaría ‘I would dance’). Our study is unique in assessing future-in-the-past expression through a controlled task able to elicit greater token counts and its consideration of data beyond Spain. In this exploratory study, we analyzed residents of Seville, Spain and Caracas, Venezuela via a written contextualized task, examining linguistic predictors (temporal distance, polarity, and verb type). Results echo research on future-time expression: the periphrastic form has gained traction and has developed through analogous predictors. Moreover, findings reveal notable cross-variety similarity.
Conference papers on the topic "Venezuelan Art"
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Rodriguez M., Fernancelys. "Characterization and Modeling of Asphaltenes for Complex Reservoirs in Venezuela: State of the Art." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18502.
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Abstract Asphaltenes are complex hydrocarbon molecules that are in suspension in the oil, stabilized by resins, which may cause severe production issues at reservoir and surface conditions. High asphaltene and resin contents is one of the main characteristics of the Venezuelan unconventional oils (highly viscous oils) in the Orinoco Oil Belt. This high concentration of resins in the oil maintains the aggregates of asphaltenes dissolved in the continue oil phase avoiding asphaltene precipitation/ flocculation/deposition issues at field conditions as some Venezuelan conventional oil reservoirs located in northern Monagas State in which unfavorable resins/asphaltene (R/A) ratios promote the precipitation of asphaltenes. Conventional oil reservoirs in northern Monagas show gravitational segregation, this is the case of Carito-Mulata and Santa Barbara Field, varying from an upper zone of critical fluid behavior to a black oil zone in the lowest part of the structure in which the current pressure levels induce asphaltene precipitation, causing problems by plugging reservoirs, wells and pipelines, severely affecting oil and gas production. This causes increased production costs (chemical cleaning) and/or irreversible formation damage when reservoir pressures are less than asphaltene precipitation/flocculation onset pressures. Therefore it is necessary to characterize the asphaltene thermodynamic behavior and include this in reservoir numerical-simulation models, with the aim of increasing the reliability of the results and optimizing production strategies. Reproducing the thermodynamic behavior of asphaltenes is very complex, both experimentally and in numerical simulation, especially in terms of description and measurement of the degree of asphaltene-porous media interaction and the effect of injected fluids into the reservoir (EOR methods such as miscible/non-miscible gas injection or chemical flooding). Nevertheless, efforts have been done by the Venezuelan National Oil Company and collaborators, both at laboratory and simulation scales, to study the asphaltene thermodynamic behavior and the effect of permeability reduction in the porous media and its impact on the production profiles for complex Venezuelan reservoirs. This article presents a literature review of the Venezuelan experience for the characterization and modeling of asphaltenes for conventional and heavy oil reservoirs.
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Rodriguez, Fernancelys, Hadi Belhaj, Mohamed AlDhuhoori, Fatima Alhameli, and Raifel Morales. "H2S Valorization Technologies to Produce Hydrogen from Unconventional Highly Viscous Oil Reservoirs: Moving Forward to the Production of Clean Fuels in Venezuela." In SPE Conference at Oman Petroleum & Energy Show. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218779-ms.
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Abstract The production of clean fuels in Venezuela is currently a great challenge, since the country has huge reserves of hydrocarbons (mainly highly viscous) where acid gases such as hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are generated due to high temperatures involved in the production process (e.g. after the application of thermal processes). H2S represents a considerable risk to human life and the environment, in the same way that it causes corrosion and other flow assurance issues and potential damage to facilities and equipment. The objective of this article is to perform a state-of-the-art review of H2S conversion techniques from hydrocarbon reservoirs in Venezuela that allow the production of hydrogen and low carbon fuels, as wells as less toxic products with greater commercial value. Among the most widely H2S valorization techniques reported in the literature are thermocatalytic splitting, hydrogen sulfide methane reformation (H2SMR), non-thermal plasma, and electrolysis. At present most of these technologies are at research scale to provide good understanding and advancement on their fundamental process mechanisms as well as potential avenues for applications. For the Venezuelan case, thermocatalytic splitting is one of the techniques that has been widely studied from combustion tests, using extra-heavy crudes from the Orinoco Oil Belt and nanoparticle catalysts. Results of the review of this article show that the techniques based on the use of catalysts allow the production of H2 and by-products of commercial value for the petrochemical industry (i.e. carbon disulfide), one of the critical points being the selection of the most suitable catalyst along with temperature control. In the case of Venezuelan unconventional reservoirs, the separation of hydrogen from the reservoir's fluids to the surface conditions, for which membrane absorption techniques are required, as well the management of scales, etc. are some of the important and challenging aspects to take into consideration in the development of the technology at field conditions. This article opens opportunities to produce hydrogen by thermal cracking at reservoir conditions for unconventional highly viscous oil reservoirs. It will highlight important technologies and applications in Venezuela and worldwide; and as such, this work will serve as a guideline for the evaluation of H2S conversion to H2 technologies from lab to potential field implementations.
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Rodriguez M., Fernancelys. "IOR/EOR Methods Adapted to High Water Production Zones of Heavy and Extra-Heavy Oil Reservoirs in La Faja Petrolifera Del Orinoco-Venezuela: State of the Art." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-63525.
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Abstract Venezuela is well known for its immense reserves of heavy and extra heavy crude oils located in La Faja Petrolífera Del Orinoco (La FPO), in the east of the country, with certified reserves of up to 235 billion barrels. The main production methods that have been applied in La FPO are Cold Production with sand through vertical and horizontal wells, and the application of Thermal IOR/EOR methods (e.g. steam injection, In-situ Combustion, SAGD, etc.) and Chemical EOR methods (e.g. polymer flooding). One of the main challenges in La FPO is the increase in the recovery factor (with < 10% of recovery factor to date), due to the low mobility of crude oil at reservoir conditions, and the presence of local and regional bodies of water (flushed zones and aquifers) where conventional cold production methods are not efficient. The presence of these bodies of water negatively affects the production profiles and the quality of crude oil, observing high water cuts due to the adverse mobility ratio and the formation of complex emulsions that affect the crude lifting and separation systems. Due to the current dramatic decline in production of conventional reservoirs in Venezuela and the vital role of La FPO to support Venezuelan oil production, it is important to identify methods and new technologies that allow for the increase in recovery factors in these complex reservoirs. This paper presents a literature review of the applied production methods and those that could be envisaged, including horizontal and dewatering wells as well as reported research work (e.g. Chemical EOR methods), to increase the oil recovery in flushed zones and/or reservoir zones with high water cuts in La FPO.
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Rodriguez, Fernancelys, Maria Llamedo, Hadi Belhaj, and Ahmed Belhaj. "Challenges Associated with the Acid Gases Production and Capture in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: A Critical Review of the Venezuelan Cases." In SPE Thermal Well Integrity and Production Symposium. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212146-ms.
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Abstract Acid gases production, such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide, from heavy oil reservoirs in Venezuela is generally associated with the application of thermal enhanced oil recovery methods. These undesired gases, especially H2S, can be removed by injecting chemical additives that promote chemical reactions with oxidative or nonoxidative mechanisms in the producing system to generate fewer toxic byproducts. According to the literature, H2S scavengers evaluated in the oil industry are amines, alkaline sodium nitrite, hydrogen peroxide, triazine, among others. To mitigate both H2S and CO2 from a reservoir, some novel proposals are under study to offer alternatives to control them from the reservoir and reduce their production in surface. This article presents a review of the key parameters that play a role in the generation of acid gases, mainly H2S and CO2, in Venezuelan oil reservoirs. The operational field data, the main reactions and mechanisms involved in the process (e.g., aquathermolysis, hydro pyrolysis), and the type of byproducts generated will be reviewed. The results and knowledge gained will assist in identifying the main insights of the process, associating them with other international field cases published in the literature, and establishing perspectives for the evaluation of the most convenient techniques from health, safety, technical and economic points of view. Lab and field results have shown that the application of thermal EOR methods in reservoirs of the main Venezuelan basins promote the generation of acid gases due to physicochemical transformations of sulfur, and/or fluid-rock interactions. Sulfur content in Venezuelan viscous oil reservoirs, together with rock mineralogy (clay type) has a significant impact on H2S production. Reported lab results also indicated that H2S scavengers reduce the amount of sulfur, and the presence of CO2 also affects the H2S removal mechanisms, depending on which type of scavenger is selected (e.g., amines, triazine, etc.). Solubilization, hydrolysis, adsorption, absorption, and complex sequestrant reactions (oxidation, neutralization, regeneration, and precipitations) are the main mechanisms involved in the removal of H2S. The literature reported that the application of triazine liquid scavengers is found to generate monomeric dithiazine byproducts (amorphous polymeric dithiazine) which might cause formation damage or inflict flow assurance issues upstream and downstream. This work presents a state of the art review on H2S generation mechanisms and new technologies for the mitigation of acid gases in Venezuelan reservoirs. It also provides perspectives for the application of the most convenient technologies for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (mostly CO2), which is critical to producing hydrocarbons with low environmental impact.
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Rodriguez M., Fernancelys. "Review of Chemical EOR Projects in Venezuela: From Light to Extra-Heavy Oil Reservoirs." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-63529.
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Abstract Venezuela is widely recognized as an oil producer country of great potential thanks to its huge hydrocarbon resources located in Eastern Venezuela and Maracaibo basins, comprising the largest oil reserves in the world, with around 302 billion barrels according to recent OPEC and EIA estimates [1]. Despite those immense hydrocarbon resources, oil production in Venezuela is a challenge in mature and waterflooded reservoirs, as well as in thin highly viscous oil reservoirs where thermal IOR/EOR methods are not technically and/or economically feasible. This is the case of many oil fields in Lake Maracaibo and in La Faja Petrolifera Del Orinoco (La FPO), where the application of Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (CEOR) methods is being envisaged with a view to increasing oil recovery factors. The objective of this article is to review most of the Venezuelan CEOR projects reported in the literature to identify the main insights/status of each reported project and its potentiality of application to increase oil recovery. A detailed description of each project and its main conclusions is given. According to this literature review, CEOR project evaluations for Venezuelan reservoirs have been performed mostly at laboratory and numerical simulation scales, including several pilot test designs. Only 2 executed pilot tests have been reported (ASP flooding at VLA-6/9/21 Field in Lake Maracaibo and polymer flooding at Petrocedeño Field in La FPO). Despite the encouraging results in terms of oil recovery at laboratory scale, the greatest challenges related to the application of CEOR methods in Venezuelan reservoirs are linked to technical and economic aspects (e.g. high adsorption/retention of chemicals, mobility control, complex emulsions, separation of phases, water treatments, costs of investment, oil prices, etc.).
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Rodriguez, Fernancelys, Eric Delamaide, David Rousseau, and Samir Bekri. "Which is the Most Attractive IOR Method to Produce the Venezuelan Highly Viscous Oil Resources in the Energy Transition Era? A Comprehensive Review of Research and Field Applications." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211344-ms.
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Abstract Venezuela has been a potential producer of highly viscous crude oils for more than a century, thanks to its large resources located at the Lake Maracaibo and Eastern Venezuela basins in the Orinoco Oil Belt. Despite these huge resources, Venezuelan oil production is going through one of the greatest crises in its history, presenting a dramatic production decline, for which the application of Improved Oil Recovery (IOR) methods with low environmental impact (low carbon emissions, low water consumption, etc.) is crucial to increase oil production. The main methods applied in Venezuelan highly viscous oil reservoirs (heavy, extra-heavy and bituminous oil reservoirs) have been cold production with sand by vertical and horizontal wells with artificial lift pumps, waterflooding, thermal IOR/EOR methods (steam drive-based methods), chemical EOR (CEOR) methods, namely polymer and surfactant-polymer (SP) flooding, hybrid methods (e.g. thermal combined with solvents or CEOR methods), among others. Research works in CEOR methods for Venezuelan highly viscous oil reservoirs have shown that high oil recoveries may be possible for oils with viscosities up to 13,400 mPa.s. On the other hand, for the case of bituminous oil reservoirs (e.g. viscosities up to 50,000 mPa.s) thermal IOR methods and combinations with chemicals, nanoparticles, or solvents may increase oil production significantly. The methods reviewed in this article are: waterflooding, chemical flooding (e.g. polymer, surfactant, alkali and a combination of them), steam drive methods (e.g. CSS, In-situ Combustion and SAGD), solvent flooding, microorganisms and hybrid methods. Based on research and field tests, CEOR methods may lead to increased oil recovery of extra-heavy oils with low carbon emissions compared to thermal EOR methods, thus making SP flooding and low salinity polymer flooding among the most attractive technologies. Depending on the type of chemicals evaluated, recovery mechanisms such as mobility control, IFT reduction, ion exchanges and/or wettability alteration might be most efficient. It also appears that hybrid methods have achieved the highest recovery at the laboratory scale (e.g. In Situ Combustion with nanoparticles). For the medium-heavy oil reservoirs of the Maracaibo Lake Basin, waterflooding combined with infill well optimization and microorganism flooding are encouraging IOR methods with low environmental impact. The greatest challenges in the application of these technologies are related to technical and economic considerations that will be decisive for the implementation of the IOR processes at the pilot scale and/or massification at the field scale aiming to increase Venezuelan oil production in this era of the energy transition.
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Rodriguez M., Fernancelys. "EOR Techniques Tailored to Venezuelan Conventional and Unconventional Oils: Critical Review." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18435.
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Abstract Venezuela has been ranked as a potential oil producer country thanks to its huge reserves of conventional and unconventional oils. Conventional reservoirs with complex fluid systems, located in the North of Monagas state, where it is possible to observe thick fluid columns with significant compositional gradients (showing changes from gas condensate to non-mobile oil-Tar mat). In these types of reservoirs EOR methods such as miscible gas flooding have been successfully applied to compensate pressure decline and avoid asphaltene deposition issues. Production of unconventional oils, the largest highly-viscous oil reservoir of La Faja Petrolifera del Orinoco (La FPO), demands great challenges. Discovered in the 1930’s, the first rigorous evaluations of this reservoir started in the 1980s [1]; those huge deposits of highly viscous oils were considered technically and economically unattractive at that time. Due to production decline of conventional oil reservoirs, efforts are being done by the Venezuelan National Oil Company and collaborators to develop EOR projects to achieve increasing oil production in unconventional (heavy and extra-heavy) reservoirs, being the most promising options thermal and chemical EOR methods. Some authors agree that in the FPO, only 40–65% (depending on the site) of the oil-bearing formations is suitable for thermal EOR methods. Recent works have been showing the potential of chemical EOR for extra-heavy oils in La FPO [2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], mostly for mobility control and mobilization of residual oil. This work presents a literature review of the EOR projects in Venezuela for conventional and highly viscous oils, based on both lab and field experiences, and the perspectives for applications to increase Venezuelan oil production.
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Quintero, E., J. Valdirio, J. Bastardo, V. Huerta, and H. Lorbes. "Strategy to Manage Mature Oilfields with Renewable Energies." In SPE Latin American and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/213185-ms.
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Abstract In the case of the Venezuelan Maracaibo Lake Basin, the existence of mature represents a good opportunity to recover them using renewable energy, even worldwide exploration efforts become are almost inaccessible and environmentally sensitive places. Therefore, many companies have shifted his strategies to revitalize mature fields, increase their recovery factor and extend their life cycle. This study proposes an integrated approach to revitalize mature fields, but in a sustainable way. by incorporating renewable sources to supply part of the energy field consumption; thus, allowing monetizing more oil (usually used as fuel consumption), and improving asset management by implementing a production monitoring system (based on field automation and remote-control processes). The integrated approach to revitalize mature fields includes the following steps: Reserves management upon best practices recommended in PRMS 2018 and follow up based on performance and sustainability indicators.Artificial lift technologies to optimize production performance.Identification of potential opportunities to substitute fuel consumption with renewable energy sources; incorporated to production optimization, energy efficiency and remote monitoring programs.Implementation of energy transition programs focused on maximizing asset value and improving corporate reputation. It should be noted that Solar and Eolic energy sources were preliminarily identified as the best suited to contribute with revitalization of mature fields, by substituting in between 10 to 15% of fuel consumption; besides this, uncertainty in renewable energy supply, as well as "the state of the art" technologies to extend energy storage should be take into consideration for implementing energy transition programs. In addition, future applications of renewable energy sources in EOR projects may be further investigated considering the benefits in production performance and reservoir management.
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Rodriguez, Fernancelys, Hadi Belhaj, and Mohammed AlDhuhoori. "Opportunities for Producing Hydrogen and Low-carbon Fossil Fuels from Venezuelan Conventional and Unconventional Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: An Idea in Times of Energy Transition to Net Zero-Carbon." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210988-ms.
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Abstract Venezuela has a big potential for the generation of energy from renewable resources (e.g. water, wind, solar, biomass, etc.), geothermal reservoirs, and from its huge reserves of hydrocarbons in conventional and highly viscous oil reservoirs. Due to the great efforts being made by several countries worldwide to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases and global warming, the production of clean fuels (e.g. hydrogen) with low-carbon content to reach net zero is a great challenge, but yet of keen interest, for the Venezuelan industry. The objective of this article is to review most of the relevant techniques and propose potential scenarios/technologies for the reduction of greenhouse gases and the generation of clean fuels from reservoirs in Venezuela. The methodologies that have been envisaged in various industry and research segments in hydrogen and low-carbon fuels include, but are not limited to, steam reforming, pyrolysis, gasification, combustion, CCUS, oil, etc. A detailed description of each technology along with relevant scenarios and main conclusions are given. Also, the processes and procedures undertaken in these clean fuel generation technologies are addressed in this article to cover advances made in various industry disciplines and to highlight potential future breakthroughs. For the Venezuelan particular case, the following major scenarios are predicted for the generation of clean fossil fuels: 1) production of hydrogen from natural gas with CO2 capture and storage in aquifers or in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, 2) use of the produced or sequestered CO2 for Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) in reservoirs with production decline, 3) production of clean fossil fuels from upgrading techniques and applicable EOR methods (e.g. in-situ combustion), 4) perspectives for the generation of hydrogen from renewable resources, among others. The application of each of these technologies/scenarios is closely linked to underlying technical feasibility and economics. This article presents an approach to producing hydrogen and low-carbon fossil fuels, upstream and downstream, with CO2 capture and storage. The sequestered CO2 could then be used in miscible gas floods in conventional oil reservoirs for improved recovery, despite the possible effect on asphaltene precipitation and related flow assurance issues. Reconversion schemes for existing flow lines and new infrastructure designs would be necessary for the application of hydrogen and low-carbon fuel technologies, which would involve significant investments in terms of OPEX and CAPEX.
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Teixeira, Paulo, Marco Gonzalez, and Nicolas Lorenzo. "Effects of Soil-Pipe Interaction on the Global Buckling Response of Submarine Pipelines." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57264.
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At the moment, in eastern Venezuela several projects involving design, fabrication and installation of submarine pipelines from offshore platforms to onshore plants are being developed. These pipelines will be subjected to high pressure–high temperature conditions, which will cause relevant compressive forces in the pipeline as a consequence of restricted thermal expansion, generating that pipelines can suffer a global buckling. One of the most important factors in this buckling situation is the soil–pipe interaction. In this work, a numerical study of soil–pipe interaction and its effect on the global buckling response for a specific Venezuelan submarine pipeline using the Finite Element Method is presented. A 3D pipe–soil model using shell elements with contact elements for pipe-soil interface for three different pipelines cases is applied. This model has considered nonlinear behaviour for pipe material, loads and contact zones. The main results indicate that global buckling response of a pipeline under axial compressive load depends mainly of pipe-soil interaction, being the main variables: friction factor and submerged weight of pipe.
Reports on the topic "Venezuelan Art"
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Carvalho Badaró de Melo, Bruna. South-south migration : A Critical Discourse Analysis of media’s construction of Venezuelan refugees in Brazil. Malmö universitet, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24834/isbn.9789178773824.
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This article explores how Venezuelan refugees have been constructed by the Brazilian media during the ongoing refugee crisis in South America. The fact that South-South migration has so far been understudied and the relevant and fast-escalating displacement of people from Venezuela were the motivations for this study. Twenty-one articles about Venezuelan refugees published between 2016 and 2021 by three mainstream, conservative newspapers were analyzed. The theoretical framework consisted of Fairclough’s three-dimensional model of Critical Discourse Analysis and the theoretical concepts of stereotypes and otherness, from a decolonial perspective. The findings revealed that Venezuelans were mainly associated with negative aspects, comprehending two sub discourses: in the first one, they were constructed as the origin of diseases at the borders and associated with violence and societal tension, and in the second one they were constructed as exploited, underemployed and poorly integrated into the formal labor market. The findings contribute to increasing the understanding of the South-South migration phenomena by detailing the representation of Venezuelan refugees in the Brazilian media and the main discourses related to them.
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Maldonado, Leonardo, and Víctor Olivo. Is Venezuela Still an Upper-Middle-Income Country? Estimating the GNI per Capita for 2015–2021. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004612.
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In the 2022 World Bank (WB) country classifications by income level, Venezuela is classified as an upper-middle-income country. Due to the lack of reliable official economic information from the Venezuelan regime, the WB ranked the country using its gross national income (GNI) of 2013. However, after 2013 Venezuela started to experience one of the largest economic collapses observed in Latin American history. We use three different approaches (the Atlas method, extrapolation, and an adjusted deflator) to obtain consistent and robust estimates of the GNI per capita for Venezuela up to 2021. Our findings reveal that Venezuela has been a lower-middle-income country since 2018 and suggest a 2021 GNI per capita of US$ 1,826 using the Atlas method, US$ 2,070 applying an extrapolation technique, and US$ 2,079 following an adjusted deflator. These results are substantially lower than the US$ 11,970 and US$ 13,080 reported by the WB for 2013 and 2014, respectively. A reconsideration of Venezuela's WB income-level classification could facilitate access to concessional conditions to internationally supported mechanisms.
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Benitez-Rueda, Miguel. The Productivity Effects of Forced Migration: Evidence from Venezuelan Migrants in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005336.
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Labor-supply shocks resulting from forced migrations alter skills availability in host economies and influence firms' incentives towards formal and informal hiring, potentially affecting productivity. This paper examines the productivity effects of forced migration, using the Venezuelan exodus to Colombia as a case study. I employ a continuous difference-in-differences empirical strategy, leveraging the timing of the border reopening between Colombia and Venezuela as a source of exogenous variation. Results reveal that a one-percentage-point increase in the migration share at the industry level increased labor productivity by 7.6%. This effect was attributable to a decrease in employment and hours worked rather than an increase in output and was driven by the higher skill set of migrants compared to natives. Combined, these results suggest that productivity gains were derived from the replacement of less-educated natives by higher-skilled migrants. Finally, I show that productivity gains were somewhat counteracted by barriers to formality faced by Venezuelans.
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Rodríguez Chatruc, Marisol, and Sandra V. Rozo. How Does it Feel to Be Part of the Minority?: Impacts of Perspective Taking on Prosocial Behavio. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003612.
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Can online experiences that illustrate the lives of vulnerable populations improve prosocial behaviors and reduce prejudice? We randomly assign 850 individuals to: i) an online game that immerses individuals in the life decisions of a Venezuelan migrant and ii) a documentary about the migration process of Venezuelans to Colombia. Both treatments effectively improve altruism and reduce prejudice towards migrants. The impacts of both treatments are not statistically different in any of the other outcomes that we examine. The effects of the game are mainly driven by changes in perspective-taking while the effects of the video are induced by changes in both empathy and perspective-taking.
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Naím, Moisés. Illicit: How Smugglers, Traffickers and Copycats are Hijacking the Global Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007956.
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Wolfe, George. Where Are Venezuelan Migrants and Refugees Going? An Analysis of Legal and Social Contexts in Receiving Countries. Center for Migration Studies of New York, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14240/cmsesy010421.
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Ríos, Germán, Federico Ortega, and J. Sebastián Scrofina. Sub-national Revenue Mobilization in Latin America and Caribbean Countries: The Case of Venezuela. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011403.
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This paper analyzes the high fiscal dependence of Venezuelan states and municipalities on the central government and the political economy process embedded in the interaction between the central government and sub-national entities. Also explored is whether there is scope to increase sub-national governments' revenues, improve the current intergovernmental transfer system, and reduce horizontal imbalances; of particular importance is analyzing the impact of current transfer mechanisms on sub-national governments' revenues volatility. Following a presentation of Venezuela's economic background, public sector and fiscal variables, the paper describes the process of decentralization, inter-governmental transfer mechanisms and revenue volatility, and local governments' own revenues. Subsequently presented are sub-national governments' fiscal dependence and its determinants, followed by options for revenue mobilization and improving the transfer mechanism. The paper concludes with a summary and policy recommendations.
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Otero-Cortés, Andrea, Ana María Tribín-Uribe, and Tatiana Mojica-Urueña. The Heterogeneous Labor Market Effects of the Venezuelan Exodus on Female Workers: Evidence from Colombia. Banco de la República, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/dtseru.311.
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We study the labor market effects of the Venezuelan migration shock on female labor market outcomes in Colombia using a Bartik-instrument approach.For our identification strategy we leverage regional variation from pull factors and time variation from push factors. Our findings show that in the labor market, female immigrants can act as substitutes or complements for native-born women depending on native women’s education level; immigrant workers are substitutes in the labor market for native-born low-educated women as they compete for similar jobs. Hence, the low-educated native women’s labor force participation decreases. At the same time, time spent doing unpaid care increases for low-educated native women, possibly further preventing the job search for this group. On the other hand, we find an increase in labor force participation of 1.6 p.p. for highly educated women with minors at home and a 1 p.p. higher likelihood of becoming entrepreneurs due to the migratory shock, which supports the complementary-skill hypothesis. Finally, we don’t find evidence that the migratory shock induced households to outsource more home-production as a means for high-educated women to spend more time at paid work.
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Bahar, Dany, Ana María Ibáñez, and Sandra Rozo. Give Me Your Tired and Your Poor: Impact of a Large-Scale Amnesty Program for Undocumented Refugees. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002893.
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Between 2014 and 2020 over 1.8 million refugees fled from Venezuela to Colombia as a result of a humanitarian crisis, many of them without a regular migratory status. We study the short- to medium-term labor market impacts in Colombia of the Permiso Temporal de Permanencia program, the largest migratory amnesty program offered to undocumented migrants in a developing country in modern history. The program granted regular migratory status and work permits to nearly half a million undocumented Venezuelan migrants in Colombia in August 2018. To identify the effects of the program, we match confidential administrative data on the location of undocumented migrants with department-monthly data from household surveys and compare labor outcomes in departments that were granted different average time windows to register for the amnesty online, before and after the program roll-out. We are only able to distinguish negative albeit negligible effects of the program on the formal employment of Colombian workers. These effects are predominantly concentrated in highly educated and in female workers.
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Soltész, Béla. Oil Production in Latin America and the Russo-Ukrainian War (Part II). Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2023.04.
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Latin America has almost one-fourth of the world’s oil reserves, although due to the socio-economic collapse of Venezuela, the main producer country, these reserves have been underused for a decade. Other countries, like Mexico and Brazil, are stable producers and exporters, but the ownership of their national oil companies is subject to heated political debates, while the discovery of new oil fields in Guyana might put this tiny country on the list of the biggest producers. This varied landscape of oil reserves and actual production may be changed fundamentally by the Western sanctions that were implemented against Russia as a consequence of its aggression against Ukraine. A quest for new sources of oil might end Venezuela’s isolation and provide lucrative business opportunities for the oil companies that operate in Latin America. However, a new boom of oil production would also raise environmental and social concerns. This analysis focuses on the factors listed above, in order to present the shifts and possible pathways of oil production in Latin America in an economic and political climate shaped by the Russo-Ukrainian war. The first part provides a general introduction and presents the main producer country, Venezuela, while the second part offers an analytical overview of the other key oil producer countries in Latin America.