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Journal articles on the topic 'Venezuelan Art'
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Dimeo, Carlos. "Arte Popular, Arte Ingenuo y Arte Figurativo en la obra pictórica de Bárbaro Rivas." Sztuka Ameryki Łacińskiej 3 (2013): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/sal201306.
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Bárbaro Rivas (1893–1967) is considered to be the first ‘primitivist’ and ‘figurativist’ in Venezuela. Local and ludic elements create the central axis of popular and figurative Venezuelan art transformation from the late 19th to the mid-20th century. It was when a sign in painting was redefined – resignified and became an element binding main forms of popular art, reality of artist’s world, simplicity of life transformed into an idea of primitivism. Like other artists of his times (Armando Reverón), Bárbaro Rivas derived his art from life of local society and his own experience. His art is marked with autobiographical elements, which constitute a borderline between common sense and madness. Presented world is permeated with religiousness, magic and superstitions. In visualization, it is important to present reality from a double perspective; his artworks contain twoand three-dimensional grounds embraced in a single depiction. Plastic poetics of Bárbaro Rivas contains contradictory elements, inconsistent prima facie, yet containing in their nature rudimentary elements rooted in popular imagination, religious beliefs, etc. The world, being a mixture of elements, becomes a peculiar metisage expressed through the simplicity of primitivism, in the context of searching and describing new worlds and experience. This article aims not only at explaining how Venezuelan artist imagines and plans his art, but also at describing his approach to popular and local elements in Venezuela, which then spread across the whole Latin America as a form of artistic expression.
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Kurniawan, Agung, and Dwi Maharani. "REPRESENTASI FOTO VENEZUELA CRISIS DI KALANGAN PEWARTA FOTO PALEMBANG." Jurnal Inovasi 15, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33557/ji.v15i1.2201.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the meaning of the Venezuelan Crisis PhotoRepresentation dance among Palembang Photo Reporters. This research method is qualitative witha descriptive approach to interview, observation, documentation, literature study. Subjects in thisstudy consisted of actors and observers of the art of journalistic photography using Charles SandersPierce's semiotic theory as the theoretical basis of the research entitled Venezuelan Crisis photorepresentation among Palembang photo reporters. Judging from the meaning in the VenezuelaCrisis photo, it is a journalistic photo with the theme of sports news containing a very strongmessage. The meaning of the photo of Venezuela Crisis, there is an allusion to the meaning impliedin it which contains the values and images of the riots in the city of Venezuela in crisis. Based onthe research results, it is concluded that the Venezuela Crisis photo is a photo with a strong messagemeaning to be conveyed to the public to win the world-level photography championship in the worldpress.
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Fajardo-Hill, Cecilia. "Inner/Outer Exile in Contemporary Venezuelan Art." Review: Literature and Arts of the Americas 54, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 194–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08905762.2021.1990580.
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Ivannikov, Tymur, and Tetiana Filatova. "Сuatro as a historical phenomenon of Venezuelan guitar art." Часопис Національної музичної академії України ім.П.І.Чайковського, no. 4(45) (December 26, 2019): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31318/2414-052x.4(45).2019.189778.
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STREHOVEC, Janez. "Art State, Art Activism and Expanded Concept of Art." Cultura 18, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/cul022021.0003.
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Abstract: Contemporary post-aesthetic art implies an expanded concept of the work of art that also includes political functions. Beuys’s concept of social sculpture and Marcuse’s idea of society as a work of art can be complemented by Abreu’s project of a musical orchestra as a social ideal (the Venezuelan example of the music and education project El Sistema) and the Neue Slowenische Kunst transnational state formed from the core of art. These concepts are close to the views of Hakim Bey (Temporary Autonomous Zone), with D’Annunzio also touching upon them with his State of Fiume (1919–1920), for which he wrote the constitution and defined music as its central governing principle. Although the art state is a utopian project, art can serve a variety of emancipatory functions even in the dystopian present to intervene in and change the political. In this article, we also discuss the case of art activism in Slovenia, where culture (with many engaged artists) has become a central part of civil society oriented towards social change. Art activism contributes to an expanded concept of the political, which includes new subjects and new forms of antagonisms. Likewise, such repurposing of art emphasises its role in research.
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Chacón, José G., Nancy E. González, Aleida Véliz, Benito R. Losada, Hernando Paul, Luís G. Santiago, Ana Antúnez, et al. "Effect of knee osteoarthritis on the perception of quality of life in Venezuelan patients." Arthritis Care & Research 51, no. 3 (June 3, 2004): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/art.20402.
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Fraser, Valerie. "Alfredo Boulton and His Contemporaries: Critical Dialogues in Venezuelan Art, 1912 – 1974." Hispanic American Historical Review 91, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-1165370.
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Bellaviti, Sean. "La Hora de la Salsa: Nicolás Maduro and the Political Dimensions of Salsa in Venezuela." Journal of Latin American Studies 53, no. 2 (March 23, 2021): 373–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x21000237.
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AbstractIn this article I examine how, during a period of extreme social unrest, Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro took up the role of a salsa radio deejay as a show of confidence in his hold on political power and of his solidarity with ordinary Venezuelans. I argue that this all but unprecedented and, for many, controversial course of action by a sitting president provides us with an unusual opportunity to analyse Venezuela's long-standing political crisis. In particular, I highlight how Maduro harnessed salsa's long association with poor Latin Americans, its connection to Venezuela and its pleasurable character to bolster his socialist credentials, and I show how this strategy unleashed a public exchange of criticisms with one legendary salsero (salsa musician), Rubén Blades. By exploring the way music intersects with politics, I show how popular culture is neither ancillary to nor derivative of the country's ever-deepening strife but, rather, constitutive of it.
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Singh, Kelvin. "Oil Politics in Venezuela during the López Contreras Administration (1936–1941)." Journal of Latin American Studies 21, no. 1-2 (June 1989): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00014437.
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When the Venezuelan dictator, Juan Vincente Gómez, died on 17 December 1935, after ruling Venezuela with an iron fist for 27 years, an outburst of popular unrest and nationalistic fervour was unleashed against the foreign oil companies operating on Venezuelan soil. The dominant oil interests in Venezuela at the time were Royal Dutch Shell, the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey and the Gulf Oil Company. There were several smaller companies such as British Controlled Oilfields, a British state-owned company with a network of Venezuelan affiliates, and the Socony Vacuum Company, a New York-based company which was a significant latecomer. It was the first three aforementioned companies, however, that constituted the Big Three.1The oil companies were associated in the popular mind with the odious Gómez dictatorship and partly for this reason became the object of the people's wrath. Yet there were also practical economic and social reasons for the popular feeling against the companies. The latter paid low wages, provided miserable housing and social amenities for their workers and discriminated against Venezuelans in their employment practices.2For more than a year after the dictator's death Venezuela was in the throes of popular unrest.
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Basso, Francesca. "What Care for Birthing Mothers? The Relevance of UDHR Art. 25 in the Framework of Obstetric Violence in Italy and Portugal." Proceedings of The Global Conference on Women’s Studies 2, no. 1 (October 28, 2023): 52–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/womensconf.v2i1.87.
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Obstetric violence (OV) was first defined in 2007 in Venezuelan law as gender-based violence (GBV), i.e., having structural roots rather than happening in contingent or subjective situations. In Venezuelan Law, OV is framed as breach of multiple human rights of women (e.g. right to life, right to be free from violence, and right to health): more recently, international human rights law has followed suit– recognizing that pregnancy and childbirth care must be provided according to the principles enshrined in article 25 of the Universal Declaration on Human Rights (UDHR), the right to health. Its actual implementation, however, still shows a cleavage between standards and practice. This work seeks to examine the meanings of the term “care” in art. 25 UDHR in international, regional, and domestic legal documents and its actual articulation. Support to such critical analysis is provided by scientific literature, providing a review of the legal notion of OV and its prevalence in the context of analysis. This work focuses on Italy and Portugal - countries particularly relevant for the recent developments of the subject matter in Europe, also in light of the influence exercised by Latin American activism through Spanish activism. While the meaning “care” in the context of childbirth is quite deep and comprehensive in human rights standard-setting instruments, also highlighting how OV disrupts such care by jeopardizing the agency, dignity, health, and self-determination of the birthing person, such care is still not up to those standards – in jurisprudence as well as in in the daily reality of the analyzed countries.
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Lemenkova, Polina, and Olivier Debeir. "Seismotectonics of Shallow-Focus Earthquakes in Venezuela with Links to Gravity Anomalies and Geologic Heterogeneity Mapped by a GMT Scripting Language." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 30, 2022): 15966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315966.
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This paper presents a cartographic framework based on algorithms of GMT codes for mapping seismically active areas in Venezuela. The data included raster grids from GEBCO, EGM-2008, and vector geological layers from the USGS. The data were iteratively processed in the console of GMT, converted by GDAL, formatted, and mapped for geophysical data visualisation; the QGIS was applied for geological mapping. We analyzed 2000 samples of the earthquake events obtained from the IRIS seismic database with a 25-year time span (1997–2021) in order to map the seismicity. The approach to linking geological, topographic, and geophysical data using GMT scripts aimed to map correlations among the geophysical phenomena, tectonic processes, geological setting, seismicity, and earthquakes. The practical application of the GMT scripts consists in automated mapping for the visualization of geological risks and hazards in the mountainous region of the Venezuelan Andes. The proposed method integrates the approach of GMT scripts with state-of-the-art GIS techniques, which demonstrated its effectiveness as a tool for mapping spatial datasets and rapid data processing in an iterative regime. In this context, using GMT and GIS to find similarities between the regional earthquake distribution and the geological and topographic setting is essential for hazard risk assessment. This study can serve as a basis for predictive seismic analysis in geologically vulnerable regions of Venezuela. In addition to a technical demonstration of GMT algorithms, this study also contributes to geological and geophysical mapping and seismic hazard assessments in South America. We present the full scripts used for mapping in a GitHub repository.
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RYAN, MICHAEL J. "Pueblo street fighting to national martial art: Nation building and the nationalization of a Venezuelan civilian combative practice." American Ethnologist 38, no. 3 (July 5, 2011): 531–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01321.x.
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Del Valle, Maria Elena, and Angélica Mendieta. "La cultura política como objeto de estudio en Venezuela: una aproximación al estado del arte / Political culture as a subject of Venezuelan studies: an approach to state of the art." Vivat Academia, no. 137 (December 15, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15178/va.2016.137.23-35.
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Marín, Elizabeth. "Otra vuelta de tuerca: las formas abstracto/geométricas como evocación de la identidad venezolana / Another Twist: The Abstract/Geometric Shapes as Evocation of the Venezuelan Identity." Revista Internacional de Cultura Visual 3, no. 1 (April 4, 2016): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/gka-revvisual.v3.492.
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ABSTRACTIdentity and its various fragmentary meanings have resulted in a number of areas of use and emotional forms of acceptance and rejection in modern times. To speak of it in the contemporary world means to give another twist to a theme widely addressed within the artistic representations of the Venezuelan territory, as the expression of a speech metartistico built outside their fields of assemblage and which communicates interminably. The present formulation of Venezuelan art shows the ambiguity of a speech on/in the identity mobilized between the apparently foreign and simulated himself, as a sign of recognition, of their identity formulation; agents with which continually revisit the postulates of a hegemonic plastic in the 50 and 60 of the last century, through abstraction and kinetic, and how it is derivative in a sensitive, ephemeral spaces structural geometry and precarious releases in a volatile structures identity.RESUMENLa identidad y sus diversas acepciones fragmentarias, han ocasionado una serie de espacios de uso y de formas emocionales de aceptación y de rechazo en los tiempos actuales. Hablar de ella en la contemporaneidad significa dar otra vuelta de tuerca a una temática extensamente abordada dentro de las representaciones artísticas del territorio venezolano, como la expresión de un discurso metartístico construido fuera de sus campos de agenciamiento y con el cual dialoga de manera interminable. La formulación presente del arte venezolano muestra la ambigüedad de un discurso sobre/en la identi-dad movilizado entre lo aparentemente foráneo y lo simuladamente propio, como señas de su reconocimiento, de su formula-ción identitaria; agentes con cuales se reconsideran continuamente los postulados de una plástica hegemónica pronunciada en los años 50 y 60 del siglo pasado, a través de la abstracción y el cinetismo, y cómo ésta ha derivado en una geometría estructural de espacios sensibles, efímeros y precarios comunicados en una identidad de estructuras volátiles
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Norden, Deborah L. "Democracy and Military Control in Venezuela: From Subordination to Insurrection." Latin American Research Review 33, no. 2 (1998): 143–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100038267.
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During the dramatic wave of democratization in the 1980s, Venezuela stood out as South America's wise elder. While neighboring militaries had shifted in and out of power, sometimes ruling for decades, Venezuela had maintained a stable democracy since 1959. After a relatively brief period of adjustment, the country settled into a political system in which two dominant political parties alternated in power and the armed forces remained peacefully in the barracks. Yet twice in 1992, important sectors of the armed forces took up arms to displace what they and many other Venezuelans viewed as a decrepit and corrupt political system. The coups failed, but they left the political system shaken and the military's political subordination seriously in doubt. The coup attempts also raised doubts about Venezuelan strategies for military control that had been a model for the rest of Latin America.
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Romero, Aníbal. "Rearranging the Deck Chairs on the Titanic: The Agony of Democracy in Venezuela." Latin American Research Review 32, no. 1 (1997): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002387910003764x.
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If one is to believe what a good number of commentators on the Venezuelan political scene have written over the years, democracy in that country has been in perpetual crisis. By at least the mid-1970s, the view that the democratic system established in 1958 was deteriorating rapidly had become widely accepted in the Venezuelan press and among Venezuelan academic analysts. It was not always clear, however, exactly what was meant by “the crisis” (Peña 1978; Stempel-Paris 1981; Romero 1986). This perception of crisis intensified some years later, to the point that one outsider observed in 1984 that according to the prevailing view of democracy in Venezuela, the political system must be totally bankrupt and its survival could be explained only as the result “of an unprecedented act of political will or of the imbecility of the population” (Baloyra n.d., 2).
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Smith, Richard W., Rodolfo Colmenares, Eulalio Rosas, and Isaura Echeverria. "Optimized Reservoir Development With High-Angle Wells, El Furrial Field, Venezuela." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 4, no. 01 (February 1, 2001): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/69738-pa.
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Summary The El Furrial field is one of Venezuela's major field assets and is operated by PDVSA (Petroleos de Venezuela, S.A.), the national oil company. Its current production of more than 450,000 BOPD makes it a giant oil field. Development of the field, which has an average reservoir depth of approximately 15,000 ft, is in its mature stages owing to implementation of high-pressure gas injection. PDVSA has consistently followed a forward planning approach related to reservoir management. Using high-angle deviation drilling techniques allows development wells to be strategically located by penetrating the reservoir at high angles to optimize production rate, extend well life, increase reserves per well, reduce operating expenses, and reduce total field development costs. A reservoir model was constructed and simulated with detailed reservoir stratigraphy to determine realistic potential of high-angle wells (HAW's). Five wells had been drilled as of June 2000, and the first four wells have proved the effectiveness of the design. The philosophy, modeling technique, well design considerations, problems encountered, well results, and economic criteria provide a clear understanding of the risk of this technology not previously used at this depth in Venezuela. The result was the first HAW in the deep, challenging environment of eastern Venezuela. Results show that optimization objectives can be attained with HAW's, mainly increasing per-well production rate, maximizing per-well recovery, and extending the breakthrough time of gas or water from pressure maintenance and enhanced oil recovery projects. Well results indicate that the geological and simulation modeling technique is reliable and accurate. A pilot program shows that HAW technology provides major advantages to increase production rate and reduce the overall number of wells needed to reach production objectives. However, the project also has experienced a number of unexpected drilling problems.1 The costs associated with the total project are significant, but more importantly, this program becomes very attractive because of the long-term benefits of decreased water-cut related to current water injection; decreased gas breakthrough owing to high-pressure gas injection, and fewer wells required to meet production goals. Technical contributions include the following:The modeling technique of applying detailed stratigraphy to a full-scale reservoir model is accurate if performed with the appropriate objectives in mind.The application of state-of-the-art drilling techniques to attain high angles at deep drilling depth is possible; however, drilling problems caused by formation instability require more study and experience.This method can be applied to other fields in the eastern Venezuelan basin currently under, or planned to be under, enhanced recovery programs and development programs. Introduction The El Furrial field is one of several giant fields found northwest of Maturin, Venezuela, in what is described as the El Furrial thrust trend (location shown in Fig. 1). The field was discovered in 1986 with the FUL-1 well, which established production from the Naricual formation. A late 1996 study, using a full-field simulation model of the El Furrial field, showed that problems associated with gas or water breakthrough in producing wells from high-pressure gas injection and water injection can be reduced with this technology. The potential to reduce problems comes from drilling infill wells at a high angle between the advancing gas and water fronts. High-pressure gas injection was started in 1998 and was justified, in part, by this work and other associated studies. The field produces from two formations, the Naricual and Los Jabillos, giving a total gross thickness of more than 1,500 ft. The primary 1,200-ft-thick Naricual formation is divided into three major stratigraphic sequences - the Superior (upper), Medio (middle), and Inferior (lower). Net-to-gross ratio is typically 80%. Philosophy PDVSA has consistently maintained reservoir models through the years to aid in reservoir management.2 To date, eight full-field and numerous sector-simulation models have been built. Optimization of the field began in 1996. During the study, it was noted that predictions of conventional vertical infill wells drilled into the structure had short production lives because of water or gas breakthrough. The review identified the possibility of placing well trajectories between the advancing water and gas fronts. One benefit was that the production rate from new wells could be increased; this indicated that the number of development wells could be reduced, saving investment costs. Thus, the following objectives were determined.Define optimization alternatives of the El Furrial field well-development scheme. The use of nonconventional well completions such as vertical large interval single completions (LISC) and high-angle completion (HAC) wells may present a higher potential for meeting production needs at a lower total development cost.Define the most reasonable completion configuration for new wells in El Furrial field. It is probable that the entire Naricual acts as a single reservoir unit, with at least partial vertical communication existing in the majority of the field caused by fault juxtaposition and limited fractures associated with faults. Therefore, single completions in all of Naricual Superior and Medio, or Naricual Medio and Inferior, may present viable completion alternatives.Provide technical support to the Venezuelan Ministry of Mines and Energy, which approves operation philosophy, development, and completion practices. The HAW program was different from the previous accepted philosophy, so technical support was necessary to permit the FUL-63 pilot test well. High-Angle Wells This work was split into two parts. The first was an evaluation of HAC wells as an alternative to current vertical-well strategies. This includes the possible alternative of LISC completions for all of Naricual Superior and Medio. The second was additional simulation cases to test the potential development plan with only HAC wells in a full-scale reservoir model.
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Gzyl, Stefan. "Managing migrants’ spaces after emigration: Caracas, Departure City." Bitácora Urbano Territorial 33, no. 2 (June 25, 2023): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/bitacora.v33n2.106132.
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The deterioration of living conditions in Venezuela has triggered an unprecedented migratory crisis. More than seven million Venezuelans have fled the country. While a continental refugee crisis and an emergent diaspora have received attention, the local impact of emigration remains unexplored. Locally, emigration manifests itself as an ever-growing and unique vacancy. In Caracas, migrants’ left-behind domestic spaces are managed through relational, trust-based, and dynamic practices that revolve around their preservation and reinvention, implicating local actors in the migration process and creating new forms of transnational cooperation. This article examines emergent practices of care in Caracas. It presents an overview of the Venezuelan crisis and the disciplinary frameworks for examining the impact of emigration on urban development. Through interviews and photography, the research offers accounts of cuidadores and highlights their role in protecting and reinventing migrants’ domestic spaces. Preliminary findings show the important role that local actors play in supporting migration and the use of vacant spaces to satisfy local needs. These findings also suggest potential spatial and urban transformations taking place through practices of care and cooperation in a context of emigration and collapse.
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Georg Uebel, Roberto Rodolfo, and Caroline Adorne Da Silva. "Política, Políticas e Imigração Internacional no Brasil: mudanças recentes e perspectivas." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 13, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 163–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/10.21057/repamv13n1.2019.21874.
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From the field surveys performed in the South, Centre-West, Southeast and North regions of Brazil between 2014 and 2018, new migration routes, transbordering relationships of human mobility and the impacts of the desired South and Latin American regional integration were identified in the immigration profile of Brazil. In this sense, this article aims to review the cartographies, policies, routes and the state of the art of international immigration in Brazil for the last five years, which saw profound changes in the domestic and foreign scenarios. From the country of the “Brazilian dream” of Latin Americans and Caribbeans, the country changed to the country of remigrations and forced emigrations, including refugees who settled here during the short period of the migratory Eldorado. Using the instruments of thematic mapping, which is now revisited and revised in relation to our previous productions, we will discuss what remained of the “new immigration country” from the ruptures that occurred with the 2016 impeachment and with the approval and effectiveness of the new Immigration Law from 2017. The article also broaches the recent discussions on the migration of Venezuelan refugees to the Brazilian territory and its repercussions on the Latin American integration project, apparently discontinued with the rise of such disorganized governments in the region. Finally, we bring in topics the immigration perspectives for Brazil in the coming years and linked to issues of defence, geopolitics and geoeconomics, including also the discussion on environmental migration.
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Shacillo, Vyacheslav. "The First (1895) and the Second (1903) Venezuelan Crises: a Comparative Analysis of Geopolitical Consequences." ISTORIYA 12, no. 12-1 (110) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840018150-4.
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The article presents a comparative analysis of the geopolitical consequences of two international crises in Latin America in the end of 19th — the beginning of the 20th century. The first Venezuelan crisis caused by a territorial dispute between Venezuela and the British Empire, worsened also relations between Washington and London. The government of the USA considered that the territorial claims of Great Britain to one of the Latin American countries threatened the vital interests of the United States and were in contradiction with the principles of the Monroe doctrine. Based on such considerations, the White House demanded the convening of an international tribunal to resolve this territorial dispute. The British government originally refused to accept the American proposal, and then, under the pressure of international circumstances, agreed to arbitration and actually recognized the Monroe doctrine. Afterwards, the process of rapprochement between the two countries began. During the Second Venezuelan crisis, caused by the financial demands of a number of European countries to the Venezuelan government, the main opponent of the United States was the German Empire, which also did not recognize the Monroe doctrine and tried to strengthen its financial and military positions in Latin America. The German-American confrontation in Venezuela seriously worsened relations between Washington and Berlin and led to a closer Anglo-American cooperation. Thus, both crises changed the geopolitical situation not only in Latin America, but also worldwide.
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Duche-Pérez, Aleixandre Brian, Yessica Raquel Ruiz-Fernández, and Víctor Daniel Mateo Peralta-Valencia. "Venezuelan Immigration and Social Stigmatization in Peru." TECHNO REVIEW. International Technology, Science and Society Review /Revista Internacional de Tecnología, Ciencia y Sociedad 15, no. 1 (August 7, 2023): 21–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.37467/revtechno.v15.5050.
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The political and humanitarian crisis in Venezuela has led to a forced exodus of approximately 4 million people, generating a significant impact in Latin America. Peru is one of the countries that has received a large number of Venezuelan migrants. This study focuses on the individual and social perceptions of Peruvians regarding the stigma towards Venezuelan immigrants in Peru. Factors of stigmatization such as labor competition, crime, and strain on public services are identified. Through a mixed-method approach of questionnaires and interviews, 180 Peruvian residents were surveyed.
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Moulton, Aaron Coy. "The Counter-Revolution's Patron: Rafael Trujillo versus Venezuela's Acción Democrática Governments, 1945–8." Journal of Latin American Studies 54, no. 1 (February 2022): 29–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x22000013.
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AbstractThis article uncovers the myriad ways Dominican dictator Rafael Trujillo destabilised Venezuelan politics between 1945 and 1948, the period known as the Trienio Adeco. In contrast to works focused on Trujillo's personal animosity towards Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt, this article argues that Trujillo sought to sabotage Venezuela's governments under Acción Democrática as part of his regional foreign policy targeting bastions of Dominican exiles, anti-Trujillo critics and democratic institutions. Trujillo financed an informal network of Venezuelan conspirators who produced propaganda and launched plots undermining the Adeco governments. With the 1948 military coup, Trujillo derailed democracy and gained a reliable ally in Latin America as those he had long backed entered influential posts and remained beholden to their former benefactor.
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Flores, Tatiana, and Harper Montgomery. "Dialogues." Latin American and Latinx Visual Culture 2, no. 2 (2020): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/lavc.2020.220006.
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The Getty Foundation's 2017 initiative Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA provided a rare instance in which art historians and curators collaborated closely on extended research projects aimed at expanding narratives about Latin American and Latinx art and culture. It pondered how art history might be reimagined to address the complex geographies and temporalities of Latin/x American art, honoring specificities while also proposing new frameworks. Taken as a whole, the exhibitions also exposed the constraints of curatorial practice to generate new epistemologies, calling attention to the shortcomings of conventional art historical methods and their tendency to reproduce predetermined structures for organizing knowledge when they go unquestioned. Inspired by the multitude of generative conversations produced in the wake of PST: LA/LA, this Dialogue addresses the methodological constraints of art historical, curatorial, and artistic practices by inviting contributors to reflect on how their methods have been shaped by the demands of the field. This Dialogue includes an introductory text by Tatiana Flores and Harper Montgomery in which they argue for the utility of the concepts of “radical inclusion,” developed by the philosopher Gerald Raunig, and “complex connectivity,” coined by sociologist John Tomlinson, and six essays in which the authors address questions of ethics, inclusion, and historiography: Amy Buono focuses on museums and collections in Brazil, Laura Anderson Barbata on a papermaking project in the Venezuelan Amazon, Erina Duganne on activist artists in Central America and the United States, Alma Ruiz on her efforts to promote the collecting and exhibition of Latin American art in Los Angeles, Edith A. G. Wolfe on pedagogy and post-hurricane Puerto Rico, and Ana María Reyes on symbolic reparations in Colombia and Brazil. La iniciativa de la Fundación Getty Pacific Standard Time: LA / LA, del año 2017, dio lugar a proyectos poco usuales en que historiadores y curadores de arte se propusieron dar cuenta de manera más completa y robusta del arte y la cultura latinoamericanos y latinxs. Se reflexionó sobre cómo se podría reinventar la historia del arte para abordar las complejas geografías y temporalidades del arte latinoamericano y latinx, respetando sus especificidades al tiempo que proponía nuevos marcos. En conjunto, las exposiciones también revelaron las limitaciones de la práctica de los curadores, generando, de este modo, nuevas epistemologías, que llaman la atención sobre las deficiencias de los métodos convencionales de la historia del arte y sobre su tendencia a reproducir estructuras predeterminadas para organizar el conocimiento cuando estos métodos no se cuestionan. Inspirado por la enorme cantidad de fructíferas conversaciones habidas durante Pacific Standard Time: LA / LA, el presente Diálogo aborda las limitaciones metodológicas de las prácticas históricas, curatoriales y de la historia del arte al invitar a quienes aportan a este espacio a reflexionar sobre cómo sus métodos han sido moldeados por las demandas del campo. Este Diálogo incluye un texto introductorio de Tatiana Flores y Harper Montgomery, en el que estos abogan por la utilidad de los conceptos de “inclusión radical”, desarrollado por el filósofo Gerald Raunig, y “conectividad compleja”, acuñado por el sociólogo John Tomlinson, y seis ensayos, en el que los autores abordan cuestiones de ética, inclusión e historiografía: Amy Buono se centra en museos y colecciones en Brasil, Laura Anderson Barbata lo hace en un proyecto de fabricación de papel en la Amazonía venezolana, Erina Duganne en artistas activistas en América Central y los Estados Unidos, Alma Ruiz sobre sus esfuerzos para promover la recolección y exhibición de arte latinoamericano en Los Ángeles, Edith A. G. Wolfe sobre pedagogía y Puerto Rico después del huracán, y Ana María Reyes sobre reparaciones simbólicas en Colombia y Brasil. A iniciativa de 2017 da Fundação Getty, Pacific Standard Time: LA/LA proveu uma rara instância na qual historiadores e curadores de arte colaboraram estreitamente em projetos de pesquisa ampliados, com o objetivo de expandir narrativas sobre arte e cultura latino-americana e latinx. Ponderou-se como a história da arte pode ser reimaginada para endereçar as complexas geografias e temporalidades da arte latino-americana e latinx, honrando suas especificidades e, ao mesmo tempo, propondo novos enquadramentos. Tomadas como um todo, as exposições também expuseram as restrições da prática curatorial para gerar novas epistemologias, chamando a atenção para as deficiências dos métodos históricos da arte convencionais e sua tendência a reproduzir estruturas pré-determinadas para a organização do conhecimento quando não são questionados. Inspirado pela multitude de conversas generativas produzidas após o PST:LA/LA, esse Diálogos aborda as restrições metodológicas de práticas históricas da arte, curatoriais e artísticas, convidando contribuidores para refletir sobre como os seus métodos foram moldados pelas demandas do campo. Esse Diálogos inclui um texto introdutório por Tatiana Flores e Harper Montgomery, no qual argumentam pela utilidade dos conceitos de “inclusão radical”, desenvolvido pelo filósofo Gerald Raunig, e “conectividade complexa”, cunhado pelo sociólogo John Tomlinson, e seis ensaios nos quais os autores abordam questões de ética, inclusão e historiografia: Amy Buono se concentra em museus e coleções no Brasil, Laura Anderson Barbata em um projeto de fabricação de papel na Amazônia venezuelana, Erina Duganne em artistas ativistas na América Central e nos Estados Unidos, Alma Ruiz em seus esforços para promover a coleção e exibição da arte latino-americana em Los Angeles, Edith A. G. Wolfe em pedagogia e no Porto Rico pós-furacão e Ana María Reyes em reparações simbólicas na Colômbia e no Brasil.
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Ellner, Steve. "Venezuelan Revisionist Political History, 1908–1958: New Motives and Criteria for Analyzing the Past." Latin American Research Review 30, no. 2 (1995): 91–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100017398.
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Until a few years ago, Venezuelans and their historians held black and white notions about the regimes that had governed the country after it became a centralized state in the early twentieth century. As Venezuelan historian Santiago Gerardo Suárez pointed out, “The victor writes history.” And indeed, most portrayals of Venezuelan rulers after 1908 were strongly colored by the roles played by leading members of the political parties that emerged triumphant in 1958 when the modern democratic period was ushered in (Suárez 1965, 20). In fact, the most influential works were written by important politicians and others closely tied to political organizations.
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Wendorf, Anna. "La cuestión plástica en las ilustraciones de Rosana Faría en la literatura infantil." Sztuka Ameryki Łacińskiej 3 (2013): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15804/sal201305.
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In her article La ilustración en la literatura infantil [The illustration in children’s literature], a researcher, Ainara Erro, suggests that “illustrations can be evaluated from different perspectives, since pictorial trends of different periods, thought lines, theories of knowledge, etc. have been reflected in multiple illustrations in children’s books.” Thus painting and/or artistic experience perceived in the context of children’s literature involves not only the method of preparation connected with it or pictorial forms that it is inclined to. It also transforms into a textual body, through which certain accumulations, condensations (according to Todorov) and aesthetic profiles are manifested and created. In children’s literature, games that may be introduced through plastic art are becoming increasingly popular. In Rosana Faría’s works, they constitute a double “correlated” element. A written text is not only a signifier, but it is transferred to another dimension filled with expression forms, thanks to using the language as “extrapolation” of the visual and for the visual. Pictorial art appears to be associated with not only what we see. For Faría, seeing color is not just a fact reflected in the onlooker’s eye, and an artistic text does not contain one and the only form of transcending a western tendency of thinking, according to which painting exists only when it is seen. Thus, we may wonder how to paint colors as if we were blind, playing with other senses, tastes, smells, sounds or emotions. How to illustrate for those who cannot see, and bring those who can see to the world of the blind through images, or vice versa? How to discover colors without seeing them, using only a black color, how to make it unequivocal? Eventually, how can we feel and perceive the world around us through a tactile image that would be related to the nature? We will try to answer these questions through convex illustrations created by Venezuelan artist, Rosana Faría, in a book by Menena Cottin El libro negro de los colores [The Black Book of Colors]. It is interesting how a well-known illustrator has found an appropriate style, an appropriate visual language for this poetic work, how she has defined colors through other senses, and how she has met the challenge of illustrating colors without their plastic presence.
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Leroy, David. "La agricultura de los Andes venezolanos: De la intensificación a la crisis, 1960-2019." Historia Agraria Revista de agricultura e historia rural, no. 84 (July 13, 2021): 173–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.26882/histagrar.084e03l.
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The Venezuelan Andes constituted one of the poorest regions of the country during the 1950s-1960s. This region was affected by oil exploitation and rapid urbanization. However, with the introduction of irrigated horticulture at that time, the Andean production systems were radically changed with the development of crops of high commercial value. For several decades, the Venezuelan Andes were an important source of enrichment and a new growth pole for the country. From the 1990s, however, with the intensification of horticultural activities, problems began to manifest themselves in both socio-economic and environmental terms. This process was accentuated from 2013 with the economic, political and social crisis that continues to affect Venezuela. Today the country's Andean farmers face several obstacles (fuel shortages, dollarization of the economy, loss of consumer purchasing power, high input prices) that make agricultural investment particularly risky. In a context of food shortages and hyperinflation, subsistence farming is returning to the Venezuelan Andes, allowing farmers to produce enough food for themselves and their families.
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Pérez, Miguel, and Cristóbal Palma. "Migrants as subject-citizens: Identity affirmation and domestic concealment among Venezuelans living in Santiago, Chile." Critique of Anthropology 43, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x231157552.
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Over the past decade, Chile has become an important destination for Latin American and Caribbean migrants. In 2022, more than 8% of the population residing in the country were of foreign origin. Since 2018, Venezuelans have been the largest immigrant group, making up 30% of all international migrants living in Chile. This article explores how Venezuelan migrants become citizen-subjects through their residential practices, that is, through actions that symbolically construct their inhabited spaces (neighborhood and housing). Understanding citizenship as a process that implies the ethical formation of the self as a construction of new forms of belonging and political membership, we show how the daily life of these migrants is traversed by tensions surrounding their identity: while in public space they openly affirm their identity as diasporic Venezuelans, in the domestic sphere they hide said identity to accommodate an ideal of citizenship inspired by notions of civility, compliance, and moderation.
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Sullivan, Megan. "Alejandro Otero's Polychrome: Color between Nature and Abstraction." October 152 (May 2015): 60–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/octo_a_00217.
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Alejandro Otero's monumental polychrome for the facade of the School of Architecture at the Universidad Central de Venezuela, in which the lighter of the gridded structure's two blues was intended to correspond with the hue of the Caracas sky, stands as a crucial work for understanding the particularities of Venezuelan modernism and modernity in the 1950s. In embracing color's industrialization while refusing to sever its natural referents, I argue that Otero's polychrome speaks to larger questions of the relation of raw materials and finished products, as well as nature and history, in a modernizing oil nation.
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McCoy, Jennifer L. "Labor and the State in a Party-Mediated Democracy: Institutional Change in Venezuela." Latin American Research Review 24, no. 2 (1989): 35–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100022822.
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Political parties in Venezuela have historically played a mediating role between the state and the working class and also between labor and the private sector. Indeed, the political party system has been widely credited in the literature with sustaining the rather remarkable electoral democracy in Venezuela since 1958. Yet structural change in the world oil market and the Venezuelan economy in the early 1970s combined with the dynamics of past state-labor-party relations have produced an expanded role for the state in the economy as well as in the system of industrial relations. New patterns of interest mediation have emerged that have facilitated the adjustment of the democratic regime to changing political and economic conditions, thus helping to ensure its survival.
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García-Valecillo, Zaida. "Arte y Patrimonio: educación, formación docente e ideología en Venezuela." Communiars. Revista de Imagen, Artes y Educación Crítica y Social, no. 6 (2021): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/communiars.2021.i06.04.
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Investigadores y organismos internacionales han expresado la necesidad de incorporar la valoración de la creación artística y el patrimonio cultural al sistema educativo; como un mecanismo de formación ciudadana y un derecho humano que proporciona identidad y sentido de pertenencia. El presente artículo analiza el Área Arte y Patrimonio, la cual es parte del diseño curricular de la educación secundaria venezolana; creado en 2017 bajo la visión ideológica del gobierno. Este estudio se realizó en cuatro planos de análisis: 1. Enfoques para abordar la Educación Artística y la Educación Patrimonial en la sociedad actual; 2. La situación socioeducativa de Venezuela en un contexto de Emergencia Humanitaria Compleja; 3. Estructura de contenidos del Área de estudio en correlación con la visión del gobierno bolivariano; 4. La formación docente en arte y patrimonio en las instituciones universitarias. Estos planos se triangularon y contrastaron para establecer su correlación dentro de la crisis que vive Venezuela.
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Johnson, Stephen. "Neorealism and the Organization of American States (OAS): An Examination of CARICOM Rationality Toward Venezuela and the United States." SAGE Open 9, no. 4 (July 2019): 215824401988795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244019887950.
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Since 2017, CARICOM member states have been divided in the positions they take on Organization of American States (OAS) resolutions addressing political instability in Venezuela. This article uses a neorealism framework to determine whether or not the provision of energy investments by Venezuela and the United States to CARICOM member countries is an attempt on their part to skew the OAS voting mechanism in their national interests. The article also examines the extent to which CARICOM member states’ response to Venezuela’s and United States’ interest in the OAS demonstrates a pattern of rationality. The findings suggest that though the OAS provides a medium for states to negotiate mutually beneficial solutions, states are rational actors and even where they do corporate, dominant states may try to manifest their self-interest.
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Silva, Felipe André, Antônio Fernando Gouvêa da Silva, and Fernando Faria Franco. "UTILIZAÇÃO DE CONCEITOS EVOLUTIVOS COMO CONTRAPONTO A MANIFESTAÇÕES XENOFÓBICAS." Investigações em Ensino de Ciências 25, no. 3 (December 26, 2020): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22600/1518-8795.ienci2020v25n3p70.
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Em anos recentes uma crise econômica na Venezuela resultou em uma onda de emigração para diversos países, incluindo o Brasil. Nas divulgações digitais sobre os casos de migração venezuelana na rede mundial de computadores, diversos comentários xenofóbicos foram emitidos por internautas brasileiros. Considerando que a xenofobia é consolidada por reprodução social, sendo favorecida pela ausência de Alfabetização-Científica Tecnológica (ACT), é possível que essa temática possa ser abordada a partir de uma perspectiva crítica do ensino de Biologia Evolutiva. Neste contexto, no presente trabalho aplicamos uma Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) sobre comentários de internautas, buscando investigar como eles estão fundamentados. Para tanto, foram analisados comentários emitidos em matérias relacionadas à imigração venezuelana para o Brasil, sendo estes classificados em três categorias emergentes: nacionalismo ufanista (12 comentários), inferioridade racial (8 comentários) e imigração como fator prejudicial (10 comentários). Para cada categoria, foram apresentados conceitos da Biologia Evolutiva que podem ser utilizados como contraponto aos pensamentos xenofóbicos. Considerando que a xenofobia pode surgir a partir de influências culturais, informações imprecisas ou carência de informação, enfatizamos que o ensino contextualizado pode contribuir para a superação dessa visão de mundo.
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Nascimento, Luiz Sales do, Rosilandy Carina Candido Lapa, Victor Augusto Mendes, and Vanessa Vasques Assis dos Reis. "The closure of the Brazilian-Venezuelan border during the covid-19 pandemic: international law analysis of ordinance no. 120 of March 2020." Revista Direito e Práxis 14, no. 2 (June 2023): 1004–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2021/62332i.
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Abstract This study investigates how Regulatory Ordinance No. 120 of March 17, 2020, reflects the constitutional principles and international treaties recognized by Brazil. This Ordinance is a non-statutory regulation to fight COVID-19 seeking to prohibit the entry of people from Venezuela during this pandemic. This deductive investigation assumes that this measure is not supported by the national and international migration laws incorporated by Brazil. The legal justifications the act used as arguments were found to be inconsistent with the formal requirements for the act itself as per the Brazilian legal framework. Verification of its legal and technical justifications showed a lack of legal, scientific, and empirical support, turning the Ordinance into a target of criticism by Civil Society organizations. In light of national and international law, the analysed instrument can be considered in breach of international technical guidelines for administering vulnerable migrant influxes as is the case of Venezuelans in Brazil.
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Kassoti, Eva, and Mihail Vatsov. "A Missed Opportunity? Unilateral Declarations by the European Union and the European Court of Justice’s Venezuelan Fisheries Judgment." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 35, no. 1 (March 18, 2019): 55–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-23343071.
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Abstract The EU has entered into many binding undertakings (international agreements) with third States on access to fisheries resources. In the Venezuelan Fisheries case, the ECJ was, for the first time, confronted with an EU unilateral declaration granting fishing opportunities in EU waters to Venezuela-flagged vessels. We argue, contrary to ECJ’s conclusion, that the declaration is a binding unilateral act and not an international agreement. This case is important for the burgeoning debate on the ECJ’s approach to international law. It represents a missed opportunity for the ECJ to clarify its previous case-law on the broad concept of ‘international agreement’ and align it with relevant international jurisprudence and doctrine. More fundamentally, it is a missed opportunity for the ECJ to truly develop and shape international law practice and doctrine on unilateral acts by international organisations – an omission that does not comport with the EU’s self-projection as an internationally engaged polity.
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Herrera Cuenca, Marianella. "On eating’s pleasure of women of low-income socioeconomic status in Petare, Caracas, Venezuela." Anales Venezolanos de Nutrición 35, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.54624/2022.35.2.004.
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Eating is a key biological, social, cultural, historical, geographical, agricultural, religious and hedonic act. Whether the pleasure on eating can be developed from scarcity might be controversial, as the development of taste involves the exposure to a variety of foods during critical periods of time and will be associated to what is available for the people in their daily lives. This study aimed to study the preferred foods and dishes, of women within low and very low-income settings in Caracas, Venezuela during the month of June 2022, the willingness to grow ingredients at home and/or community gardens and what would they cook if money restriction was not a problem. Interviews were implemented by focus group to 18 pregnant and lactating women and community workers (women) on soup kitchens established in two very low-income settings in Eastern Caracas, Venezuela, to fulfil the aims of this study, and to understand the characteristics of the preferences. In general, the results obtained show absence of traditional Venezuelan complex dishes that have been replaced by foods that are either basic in its components, have international references, and can be prepared with foods that people have access to, thus the culinary memoires of the future younger generations can be compromised as there is an absence of those in the imaginary and dreams of the family mothers and cooking volunteers whose dream is to enrich with animal protein a basic carbohydrate already available.
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Samet, Robert. "The Subject of Wrongs: Crime, Populism, and Venezuela’s Punitive Turn." Cultural Anthropology 34, no. 2 (May 22, 2019): 272–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14506/ca34.2.05.
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This article draws on research in Venezuela to make a broader argument about the link between populism and injury. Specifically, it considers the role that crime victimhood plays in the rise of punitive populism or the so-called punitive turn. Under President Hugo Chávez, the Venezuelan government publicly denounced tough-on-crime policies as instruments of socioeconomic oppression. Following Chávez’s death, there was an abrupt change of course due, in part, to the opposition’s mobilization of crime victims. The Venezuelan case illustrates a double bind that confronts scholars who are critical of the punitive turn. On the one hand, the figure of the crime victim mediates the body politic in a way that reproduces structures of racial and economic domination. On the other hand, the failure to substantively address the material injuries of crime victims propels grassroots support for punitive populism. Instead of focusing on the subject of rights, this article proposes starting with the subject of wrongs as a bottom-up approach to political subjectivity that can help us understand the dynamic behind punitive populism and show us a way out of the double bind.
Abstracto
Este artículo se basa en trabajo de campo en Venezuela y persigue establecer un argumento general sobre el vínculo entre el populismo y el daño. Específicamente, el artículo considera el papel que las víctimas del crimen desempeñan en el auge del populismo punitivo o el giro punitivo. Durante el gobierno de Hugo Chávez se denunciaba la política de mano dura como un instrumento de opresión socioeconómica. Tras la muerte de Chávez, hubo un cambio abrupto en esta práctica debido, en parte, a la movilización de las víctimas del crimen. El caso venezolano constituye un dilema para los académicos que critican el giro punitivo. Por un lado, la figura de la víctima participa en el cuerpo político de una manera que reproduce estructuras de dominación racial y económica. Por otro lado, la incapacidad para responder efectivamente a los reales daños del crimen aumenta el apoyo popular a la política de mano dura. En vez de enfocarse en el tema de los derechos, este artículo propone enfocarse en el tema de los males (o daños) como una manera de abordar la subjetividad política que podría, por un lado ayudarnos a entender la dinámica detrás del populismo punitivo, y por el otro encontrar una solución al dilema que este plantea.
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Gauna Quiroz, Jair Jose. "Memorias subterráneas y mecanismos de censura: Exposiciones de arte, ‘El Tercer Mundo’ en Venezuela y ‘Queermuseu’ en Brasil." Anais do Museu Paulista: História e Cultura Material 32 (June 18, 2024): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/1982-02672024v32e15.
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Censorship occurs in contexts where dominant discourses establish the invisibility of subterranean memories; thus, artworks act as vehicles of memories by their external symbols. The research presents case studies on the censorship of the individual exhibition ‘El Tercer Mundo’ by MAx Provenzano at the Museum of Art in Valencia, Venezuela, and the unexpected closure of the collective exhibition ‘Queermuseu: Cartografias da diferença na arte brasileira’ at the Santander Cultural in Brazil, in the years 2015 and 2017, respectively. The mechanisms of censorship were analyzed to identify subterranean memories in art exhibitions, as discursive practices to determine control over cultural memory through power conflicts. Furthermore, discursive and ideological formations were analyzed to understand the elements behind the acts of censorship, in order to understand divergent narratives reflecting on the different identities and memories of Latin American regions.
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Fischer-Hoffman, Cory. "Rival Carceralities: Legitimising Discourses of Prison Regime Formations in Bolivarian Venezuela." Journal of Latin American Studies 52, no. 2 (April 14, 2020): 373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x20000310.
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AbstractVenezuela has two types of prisons: a prison regime ruled by a hierarchical organisation of armed inmates and the securitised ‘New Regime’ system under the control of the Ministry of Penitentiary Services. This article uses a comparative approach to examine how legitimacy is constructed in these competing yet co-existing prison regime formations in Venezuela. Both the Venezuelan state and the prisons under ‘carceral self-rule’ legitimate their respective carceral orders through discourses of left-wing emancipation that correspond with different phases of the Bolivarian project. Yet contradictions emerge from these legitimising discourses and neither regime conforms to its respective discourse of participation or socialism. In the state-abandoned, violent and hierarchical prisons under carceral self-rule, prisoners are only partially empowered, while in the New Regime prison types predation at the hands of one's fellow inmates is replaced by the violence of the ‘humanising’ state.
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Sánchez, Rafael. "Humpty Dumpty Populism." Social Analysis 64, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 140–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/sa.2020.640408.
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This article analyzes Venezuelan Chavismo as an unstable formation gnawed by the unsolvable contradiction between, on the one hand, the politico-theological ambition to totalize sociality as a visible ‘people’ collected around the invisible ‘Spirit’ of Venezuela’s ‘Founding Father’ Simón Bolívar and, on the other, the non-totalizable theopolitical energies of a social field suffused with myriad globalized ‘spirits’ that admits no clear-cut demarcation between ‘visible’ and ‘invisible’ or ‘material’ and ‘spiritual’. Incapable of totalizing sociality as a discrete ‘society’, the political logic informing Chavismo, as with other recent populisms, shifts from hegemony to ‘dominance without hegemony’, a situation where, à la Humpty Dumpy, the ‘people’ is whatever is ‘lovingly’ decreed as such from above, always in tension with a host of deconstructive, often theopolitically imbued agencies and spirits.
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Contreras Medina, Fernando R., Mar Ramírez Alvarado, and Alba Marín. "Estudio exploratorio sobre el Régimen Escópico del Chavismo en Venezuela." Vegueta. Anuario de la Facultad de Geografía e Historia 23, no. 1 (January 30, 2023): 289–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.51349/veg.2023.1.10.
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Este artículo muestra los resultados de un estudio exploratorio sobre el diseño y control de las imágenes patrióticas durante los períodos de gobierno de los presidentes Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (1999-2013) y Nicolás Maduro Moros (2013- actualidad). El objetivo es reconocer, identificar y clasificar los objetos visuales constitutivos del régimen escópico de Venezuela, desgranando el plan iconográfico desarrollado por el Estado para su fundación. Tras el rastreo y la recuperación de 240 fotografías del espacio virtual observamos que los gobiernos chavistas consiguen el reconocimiento de su ideología a partir de una renovada iconografía patriótica en el espacio visual urbano. This paper presents an exploratory study on the design and control of patriotic images in Venezuela during the government of presidents Hugo Rafael Chávez Frías (1999–2013) and Nicolás Maduro Moros (2013 to the present). The aim is to recognize, identify and classify the visual objects that make up Venezuela’s scopic regime, unravelling the iconographic plan the state developed for its implementation. Having searched for and retrieved 240 photographs from the virtual domain, the paper shows that Chavist governments have gained ground for their ideology by way of a renewed patriotic iconography within the urban visual space.
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Parra-Aranguren, Gonzalo. "The Venezuelan 1998 Act on Private International Law." Netherlands International Law Review 46, no. 03 (December 1999): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00002576.
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Rovig, Jason, and Andrés Chaparro. "Inflation Art: How Venezuelans Turned Unspendable Money Into A Symbolic Artform." H-ART. Revista de historia, teoría y crítica de arte, no. 8 (January 2021): 143–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25025/hart08.2021.08.
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Novaes, André Reyes. "Map Art and Popular Geopolitics: Mapping Borders Between Colombia and Venezuela." Geopolitics 20, no. 1 (August 2014): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14650045.2014.896793.
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Trinkunas, Harold A. "The Crisis in Venezuelan Civil-Military Relations: From Punto Fijo to the Fifth Republic." Latin American Research Review 37, no. 1 (2002): 41–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002387910001935x.
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AbstractFor many who thought of Venezuela as a consolidated democracy, the 1992 coup attempts came as a complete surprise. Those familiar with the deterioration of its democratic regime, in contrast, were more surprised that the coups did not succeed. This article provides an institution-centered explanation of the puzzle of why the 1992 coup attempts occurred, why they failed, and why the Venezuelan military has remained quiescent in the years that followed. Institutions of civilian control created during the post-1958 “Punto Fijo” period, particularly those based on fragmenting the officer corps, prevented the collapse of the democratic regime in 1992. These same institutions allowed civilians to regain authority over the armed forces during the Rafael Caldera administration and have ensured the subordination of the armed forces to elected authorities to the present. It is also argued that the institutional basis for civilian control has been dismantled during the Fifth Republic, heightening the likelihood of future civil-military conflict and threatening regime stability.
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Gutiérrez Marx, Graciela G. "Invisible Artists, or the Net Without a Fisherman … (My Life in Mail Art)." ARTMargins 1, no. 2–3 (June 2012): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/artm_a_00018.
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Perhaps we can think that mail art derives from Dada and link it to Fluxus, Filliou's proposal of an eternal network, and the highly innovative poetry and experimental art, born at the same time in different countries. GGMarx practiced collective creation, in poor areas of the southern cone of South America. In a broader and ideologically more sensitive context, a folk art appeared, thanks to the popular struggles in Cuba, México, Brazil, Chile, Bolivia, Peru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Uruguay, Colombia, Ecuador and Argentina. The liberation movements, developed during the seventies, have marked the direction of Latin American mail-art intercourse. But they acquired their real strength in Argentina in 1976, when the Military Terrorist State was implanted and started the time of art = life.
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Riera-Valera, Miguel A., Antonio J. Pérez-Sánchez, and José Perozo. "Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and termites (Termitidae: Isoptera), Moron River basin, Carabobo, Venezuela: preliminary data." Check List 5, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/5.4.855.
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Nineteen ant species of six subfamilies (Dolichoderinae, Ecitoninae, Ectatomminae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae and Ponerinae) and two termite species (Termitidae) from Morón River basin (Carabobo, Venezuela) are listed here as part of a preliminary arthropod research. Despite of reporting a low number of taxa, this work constitutes the first record of ants from Morón, Carabobo state, Venezuela.
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Goitía, William, and Klaus Jaffé. "Ant-plant associations in different forests in Venezuela." Neotropical Entomology 38, no. 1 (February 2009): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-566x2009000100002.
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Carr, Andrew S., Simon J. Armitage, Juan-Carlos Berrío, Bibiana A. Bilbao, and Arnoud Boom. "An Optical luminescence chronology for late Pleistocene aeolian activity in the Colombian and Venezuelan Llanos." Quaternary Research 85, no. 2 (March 2016): 299–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2015.12.009.
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The lowland savannas (Llanos) of Colombia and Venezuela are covered by extensive aeolian landforms for which little chronological information exists. We present the first optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) age constraints for dunes in the Llanos Orientales of lowland Colombia and new ages for dunes in the Venezuelan Llanos. The sampled dunes are fully vegetated and show evidence of post-depositional erosion. Ages range from 4.5 ± 0.4 to 66 ± 4 ka, with the majority dating to 27–10 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 2). Some dunes accumulated quickly during the last glacial maximum, although most were active 16–10 ka. Accretion largely ceased after 10 ka. All dunes are elongated downwind from rivers, parallel with dry season winds, and are interpreted as source-bordering features. As they are presently isolated from fluvial sediments by gallery forest it is proposed that activity was associated with a more prolonged dry season, which restricted gallery forest, leading to greater sediment availability on river shorelines. Such variability in dry season duration was potentially mediated by the mean latitude of the ITCZ. The cessation of most dune accretion after ca. 10 ka suggests reduced seasonality and a more northerly ITCZ position, consistent with evidence from the Cariaco Basin.
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Rodner, Victoria, Thomas J. Roulet, Finola Kerrigan, and Dirk vom Lehn. "Making Space for Art: A Spatial Perspective of Disruptive and Defensive Institutional Work in Venezuela’s Art World." Academy of Management Journal 63, no. 4 (August 2020): 1054–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amj.2016.1030.
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Abente, Diego. "Venezuelan Democracy Revisited." Latin American Research Review 22, no. 1 (1987): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100016502.
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