Academic literature on the topic 'Venn diagram'

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-11T12:47:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paula Daniele Borges dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1755533 bytes, checksum: 6efac4df89f983ce6e59731acd88d41a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-04-11T12:47:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paula Daniele Borges dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1755533 bytes, checksum: 6efac4df89f983ce6e59731acd88d41a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T12:47:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Paula Daniele Borges dos Santos - 2017.pdf: 1755533 bytes, checksum: 6efac4df89f983ce6e59731acd88d41a (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-21<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG<br>The present work intends to show an illustrative approach to calculate and understand Greater Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple, seeking a greater assimilation and concretization of the learning of this content. This methodology is presented in a chromological order following the evolution of mathematical concepts. Therefore, this text, aiming to produce a meaningful approach of the subject, seeks to expose in a simple way what comes to be the Prime Numbers according to Numbers Theory and Venn Diagram according to the Set Theory, in order to visualize and obtain the Relation between Greater Common Divisor, Least Common Multiple, and Venn Diagram.<br>O presente trabalho pretende mostrar uma abordagem ilustrativa para se calcular e entender Máximo Dividor Comum e Mínimo Múltiplo Comum, buscando uma maior assimilação e concretização da aprendizagem desse conteúdo. Esta metodologia é apresentada numa ordem cronológica seguindo a evolução dos conceitos matemáticos. Logo, este texto, visando produzir uma abordagem significativa do assunto, busca expor de forma simples o que vem a ser os Números Primos segundo a Teoria dos Números e Diagrama de Venn segundo a Teoria dos Conjuntos, para que assim se consiga visualizar e obter a Relação entre Máximo Divisor Comum, Mínimo Múltiplo Comum e o Diagrama de Venn.

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a toolkit to visualize bag calculations for teaching. We take full advantage of interaction techniques in Computer Science to achieve it, which could lead to a modern and impressive way for teaching.   In this thesis, the developed toolkit is going to show the bag calculations and corresponding animations interactively and aesthetically which make new learners easier to acquire the concept of multiset.

This study aims to analyze and evaluate three non-profit organizations regarding how their sustainability accounting reports have changed and developed between year 2017 and year 2019. The study analyzes how parameters in the sustainability index have been taken into consideration to perceive which parameters are the three non-profits organization’s focal points. In addition, the study will analyze how sustainability accounting reports meet the stakeholder's information needs. Given the prevailing issues and purpose of the study, a qualitative method is relevant to this study. The selection of organizations is based on organizations' availability of sustainability reports for the assessment period. In this study, non-probability selection was chosen, where the selection was made through a preliminary investigation. The study is based on a secondary data method which is a flexible and appropriate approach.   This thesis consists of empirical studies that will help strengthen the quality of the study. The data collected in the empirical data have been analyzed on the basis of the theoretical frame of reference. Frame of reference in this thesis is based on sustainable development, sustainability accounting, Venn diagram of sustainable development, triple bottom line and stakeholder theory. The empirical data in this thesis consists of Red Cross Sweden, Save the Children Sweden and WWF.   Based on the result of this thesis, the parameters under dimensions, environmental responsibility, social responsibility and financial responsibility in each organization have similarities. For example, the environmental requirements for purchasing and procurement are seen in both the Red Cross' and Save the Children's sustainability reports. Another example of similarity that can be seen in all three organizations' sustainability reports is gender equality and diversity. The organization's focus for different parameters in sustainability reports depends on the type of business they have. The development of each organization's sustainability reports in 2017 has been remarkable. Prior to 2017, Save the Children was a pioneer in presenting sustainability reports. While the Red Cross and WWF began to present sustainability reports in 2017. According to their stakeholder analysis, all three respective organizations have included all parameters that are important to their stakeholders. Through their dialogues with both internal and external stakeholders, the respective organizations meet the stakeholders' need for information.<br>Syfte: Denna studie syftar till att analysera och utvärdera tre ideella organisationer och hur deras hållbarhetsredovisning rapporter har förändrats och utvecklats mellan åren 2017 och2019. Studien analyserar hur parametrar i hållbarhetsredovisning rapporter har beaktats. Studien kommer också att analysera hur hållbarhetsredovisning rapporter möter intressenternas informationsbehov.   Metod: Med hänsyn till uppsatsens syftet och frågeställningar har studien en kvalitativ ansats. Studien utgår ifrån en sekundärdata metod som är ett flexibelt och lämpligt tillvägagångssätt. Studien består också av empiriska studier som kommer att bidra till att stärka studiens kvalitet. Den insamlade datan i empirin har analyserats med underlag av den teoretiska referensramen. Teoretiska perspektiv: Den teoretiska referensram som uppsatsen bygger på är hållbarutveckling, hållbarhetsredovisning, triple bottom line och intressentteori.  Empiri: De tre ideella organisationer som har undersökts i denna uppsats är Röda Korset, Rädda barnen och WWF.  Resultat: Parametrarna under dimensioner, miljöansvar, socialt ansvar och ekonomiskt ansvar i respektive organisation har likheter. Till exempel ses miljökraven för inköp och upphandling i både Röda korsets och i Rädda barnens hållbarhetsrapporter. Ett annat exempel på likhet som kan ses i alla de tre organisationernas hållbarhetsrapporter är jämställdhet och mångfald. Organisationens fokus för olika parametrar i hållbarhetsrapporter beror på vilken typ av verksamhet de har. Utvecklingen av respektive organisations hållbarhetsrapporter under 2017har varit anmärkningsvärt. Före 2017 var Rädda barnen en pionjär när det gäller att presenterahållbarhetsrapporter. Medan Röda Korset och WWF började presentera hållbarhetsrapporter först år 2017. Alla de tre respektive organisationerna har enligt sin intressentanalys inkluderat alla parametrar som är viktiga för deras intressenter. De respektive organisationerna försöker genom sina dialoger med både interna och externa intressenter möter intressenternas behov av information.

В умовах антропогену (Crutzen and Stoermer, 2000), коли людство на глобальному рівні виходить за межі безпечної операційної діяльності, особливо затребуваним стає адаптивний менеджмент (Holling, 1978; Walters, 1986; Lee, 1993). Його визначальними рисами є визнання обмеженості наукових знань про поведінку екосистем умовах наближення до порогових значень і необхідності коригування наступних управлінських рішень на основі вивчення реакції керованих систем на попередні рішення.

Venn diagrams were invented by John Venn in 1880 as an aid in logical reasoning. Since then, the diagrams have been used as an aid in understanding and organization for widely diverse audiences (e.g., elementary school children, business people) and widely diverse content areas (e.g., self-improvement courses, statistics). In this dissertation, Venn diagrams are used to illustrate and explain variable relationships. There are three main foci: (a) correlation and interaction, (b) variables and Venn diagrams, and (c) reliability and Venn diagrams. Confusion between correlation and interaction is explained, and the multicollinearity problem is illustrated using a Venn diagram composed of three circles and a horse-shoe shaped figure. Venn diagrams are presented for these variables: moderator; concrete and hypothetical intervening; component; traditional, negative, and reciprocal suppressor; covariate; disturbance; and confound. Venn diagrams are also used to differentiate among within-subjects, between-subjects, and reliability designs. Last, a detailed example, which assumes basic knowledge of classical test theory and generalizability theory, is presented to help illustrate, using Venn diagrams, the role of error variance in performance assessments. Evaluation based on comments of 13 American Educational Research Association, Division D, listserve members and 7 non-members was positive, and interest in the topic was shown by over 100 visits to the website where a portion of the dissertation was posted.

In medicine, genetics, criminology and various other areas, Venn and Euler diagrams are used to visualize data set relations and their cardinalities. The data sets are represented by closed curves and the data set relationships are depicted by the overlaps between these curves. Both the sets and their intersections are easily visible as the closed curves are preattentively processed and form common regions that have a strong perceptual grouping effect. Besides set relations such as intersection, containment and disjointness, the cardinality of the sets and their intersections can also be depicted in the same diagram (referred to as area-proportional) through the size of the curves and their overlaps. Size is a preattentive feature and so similarities, differences and trends are easily identified. Thus, such diagrams facilitate data analysis and reasoning about the sets. However, drawing these diagrams manually is difficult, often impossible, and current automatic drawing methods do not always produce appropriate diagrams. This dissertation presents novel automatic drawing methods for different types of Euler diagrams and a user study of how such diagrams can help probabilistic judgement. The main drawing algorithms are: eulerForce, which uses a force-directed approach to lay out Euler diagrams; eulerAPE, which draws area-proportional Venn diagrams with ellipses. The user study evaluated the effectiveness of area- proportional Euler diagrams, glyph representations, Euler diagrams with glyphs and text+visualization formats for Bayesian reasoning, and a method eulerGlyphs was devised to automatically and accurately draw the assessed visualizations for any Bayesian problem. Additionally, analytic algorithms that instantaneously compute the overlapping areas of three general intersecting ellipses are provided, together with an evaluation of the effectiveness of ellipses in drawing accurate area-proportional Venn diagrams for 3-set data and the characteristics of the data that can be depicted accurately with ellipses.

Sistemas biológicos podem ser representados por redes que armazenam não apenas informações de conectividade, mas também informações de características de seus nós. No contexto biomolecular, esses nós podem representar proteínas, metabólitos, entre outros tipos de moléculas. Cada molécula possui características anotadas e armazenadas em bases de dados como o Gene Ontology. A comparação visual dessas redes depende de ferramentas que permitam o usuário identificar diferenças e semelhanças entre as anotações feitas sobre as moléculas (atributos) e também sobre as interações conhecidas (conexões). Neste trabalho de mestrado, buscou-se desenvolver técnicas que facilitem a comparação desses atributos sobre as moléculas, tentando manter no processo a visualização das redes em que essas moléculas estão inseridas. Como resultado, obteve-se a ferramenta VisPipeline-MultiNetwork, que permite comparar até seis redes, utilizando operações de conjuntos sobre as redes e sobre seus atributos. Dessa forma, diferentemente da maioria das ferramentas conhecidas para a visualização de redes biológicas, o VisPipeline-MultiNetwork permite a criação de redes cujos atributos são derivados das redes originais por meio de operações de união, intersecção e valores exclusivos. A comparação visual das redes é feita pela visualização do resultado dessas operações de conjuntos sobre as redes, por meio de um método de comparação lado-a-lado. Já a comparação dos atributos armazenados nos nós das redes é feita por meio de diagramas de Venn. Para auxiliar este tipo de comparação, a técnica InteractiVenn foi desenvolvida, em que o usuário pode interagir com um diagrama de Venn efetuando operações de união entre conjuntos. Essas operações de união aplicadas sobre os conjuntos são também aplicadas sobre as respectivas formas no diagrama. Esta característica da técnica a diferencia das outras ferramentas de criação de diagramas de Venn. Integrando essas funcionalidades, o usuário é capaz de comparar redes sob diversas perspectivas. Para exemplificar a utilização do VisPipeline-MultiNetwork, dois casos no contexto biomolecular foram estudados. Adicionalmente, uma ferramenta web para a comparação de listas de cadeias de caracteres por meio de diagramas de Venn foi desenvolvida. Ela também implementa a técnica InteractiVenn e foi denominada InteractiVenn website.<br>Biological systems can be represented by networks that store not only connectivity information, but also node feature information. In the context of molecular biology, these nodes may represent proteins, metabolites, and other types of molecules. Each molecule has features annotated and stored in databases such as Gene Ontology. A visual comparison of networks requires tools that allow the user to identify differences and similarities between nodes attributes as well as known interactions between nodes (connections). In this dissertation, we sought to develop a technique that would facilitate the comparison of these biological networks, striving to maintain in the process the visualization of the network connectivities. As a result, we have developed the VisPipeline-MultiNetwork tool, which allows comparison of up to six networks, using sets of operations on networks and on their attributes. Unlike most known tools for visualizing biological networks, VisPipeline-MultiNetwork allows the creation of networks whose attributes are derived from the original networks through operations of union, intersection and unique values. A visual comparison of the networks is achieved by visualizing the outcome of such joint operations through a all-in-one comparison method. The comparison of nodes attributes is performed using Venn diagrams. To assist this type of comparison, the InteractiVenn technique was developed, in which the user can interact with a Venn diagram, performing union operations between sets and their corresponding diagrams. This diagram union feature differs from other tools available for creating Venn diagrams. With these tools, users manage to compare networks from different perspectives. To exemplify the use of VisPipeline-MultiNetwork, two case studies were carried out in the biomolecular context. Additionally, a web tool for comparing lists of strings by means of Venn diagrams was made available. It also implements the InteractiVenn technique and its site has been named InteractiVenn.

Anecdotal observation of the way in which data visualisation techniques are utilised to present relationships in data to audiences informed the author's view that data visualisation had not evolved to utilise the capabilities of ubiquitous business computer equipment. In an information rich but attention poor business environment, a search for a new tool was undertaken to supplement those techniques available to help audiences understand statistical relationships in presentation data. This search resulted in the development of a practical software tool based on animated Venn diagrams (Dvenn) that attempted to exploit the inherent human ability to perceive quantities visually, a faculty described herein as visual numeracy. The exploitation of this faculty is considered here to be a valuable aid for group understanding of business presentation data. The development of the tool was an essential part of the research that was undertaken and the resulting software forms a significant portion of this practise based research. The aim of the software development was to develop a readily accessible tool that could be utilised in a non-specialist business environment to better facilitate an honest shared meaning of numerical data between a presenter and their audience. The development of the tool progressed through a number of iterations and the software that accompanies this work is an important component that needs to be viewed in conjunction with the text. The test of the final version was undertaken with undergraduate University students in an attempt to validate the efficacy of the data visualisation technique. The test of the Dvenn software was made against the mature yardstick of scatter-plots. Interestingly, the correlations presented by scatter-plot were not as readily identified as would have been assumed, however, the results for the Dvenn tests were not supportive of the technique for widespread adoption. Nevertheless, further research into the best method of harnessing visual numeracy would seem to be justified.

A previous study on students approach to problems of Set Theory in Iran brought me somehypotheses. These encouraged me to test the hypotheses in this supplementary study. Mypurpose of this study was to consider some students' cognitive difficulties in Set Theory. Iinvestigated students’ conceptual understanding of two major concepts of Set Theory – theconcepts of inclusion and belonging. I also studied the ways students use Venn diagram tofigure out problems in Set Theory. I wanted to examine how students figure out the differentmeanings of words in the natural and formal language. To do so, I analyzed six experiments. Icompared three experiments with the experiments of my previous study in Iran. My researchquestions suggested using a qualitative research method. My theoretical framework built aroundtheories of semiotic activities, which were used in the analysis.The results indicated that students can make unfortunate use of Euler–Venn diagrams. A set ofsets was a difficult concept for students. Some words in natural language, even the word "set" inboth natural and formal language, caused confusion for students when introduced in Settheoretic contexts. Students failed sometimes to distinguish between sets and elements. Theexperiments showed that students’ cultural context had affect on students' cognition regardingmathematical objects.