Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Venom toxins'
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Anderson, A. J. "Toxins from mamba venoms that facilitate neurotransmission." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381141.
Full textRowan, E. G. "The effect of snake venom phospolipase A2̲ on neuromusclar transmission." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382387.
Full textAlape-Girón, Alberto. "Immunochemical, biochemical and evolutionary studies on Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus venom toxins /." Stockholm, 1997. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1997/19971205alap/.
Full textAlmeida, Diego Dantas. "Sequenciamento do genoma da serpente Bothrops jararaca para caracterização da estrutura gênica de toxinas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-06042017-133600/.
Full textThe pit viper Bothrops jararaca is the most medically important snake in Brazil. Several studies were conducted in order to characterize the components of snake venom. However, the molecular basis of snake genomes is poorly known. Hence, it was carried out the sequencing and assembly of the Bothrops jararaca snake genome. Shotgun and mate-pair libraries were constructed to perform sequencing runs using Illumina technology and complementary sequences were obtained in PACBIO RS II equipment. A BAC library was also constructed and 768 pools of 12 BACs were sequenced. A large number of genomic segments was obtained. It was possible to identify genes of several toxins, including SVMPs, SVSPs, BPPs, CRISPs and VEGF. In addition, it was possible to infer the genomic context related to most of these genes and identify the main genomic repetitive elements. These findings are relevant for understanding the function and evolution of the venom system and it provides the basis for further studies.
Cocchi, Fernando Kamimura [UNESP]. "Síntese e caracterização de pequenos peptídeos lineares do veneno de Tityus serrulatus (Buthidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137748.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Os escorpiões são artrópodes da classe Arachnida, ordem Scorpiones. São animais peçonhentos, ou seja, possuem órgão secretório ou glândulas conectadas a um dispositivo de injeção, o qual pode inocular o veneno produzido pela glândula ou células especializadas. O veneno pode ser descrito como sendo uma mistura complexa, contendo muco, sais inorgânicos, moléculas orgânicas de baixa massa molecular, muitos peptídeos neurotóxicos e proteínas. O envenenamento humano por picada de escorpião é um importante problema de saúde pública em vários países tropicais e subtropicais. No Brasil, Tityus serrulatus é uma das espécies mais perigosas, que causam grave envenenamento, podendo levar ao óbito. Em geral, o envenenamento pode causar sintomas de dor, febre, agitação psicomotora, salivação, lacrimejamento, aumento da mobilidade do trato gastrointestinal, insuficiência respiratória e arritmia cardíaca, hipertensão arterial seguida de hipotensão, insuficiência cardíaca, edema pulmonar e choque anafilático. O veneno dos escorpiões tem sido estudado ao longo dos anos, a fim de elucidar seus compostos juntamente com suas sequências e suas funções biológicas. Algumas espécies de escorpiões possuem em seu veneno compostos antimicrobianos, mediadores que ativam os processos inflamatórios, causam a desgranulação de mastócitos, como também, podem ser capazes de induzir quimiotaxia de neutrófilos. Até o presente momento a toxinologia de escorpiões tem concentrado o foco nas neurotoxinas, que são peptídeos contendo entre 30 e 70 resíduos de aminoácidos em suas sequências, com quatro ou cinco pontes dissulfeto em suas estruturas. A despeito de existir muitos pequenos peptídeos (apresentando entre 5 e 20 resíduos de aminoácidos em suas sequências), que apresentam conformações lineares, por não apresentarem pontes dissulfeto em suas estruturas, este grupo de toxinas tem sido negligenciado pela literatura, devido à dificuldade em isolar e determinar suas estruturas moleculares. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo sintetizar alguns destes peptídeos (Typep-14, -15, -16, -17, and -18), previamente isolados e sequenciados a partir do veneno do escorpião T. serrulatus, por nosso grupo de pesquisas, e caracterizá-los de acordo com suas possíveis funções biológicas através de ensaios de desgranulação de mastócitos e liberação de lactato desidrogenase, hemólise, antibiose, efeitos hiperalgésicos e edematogênicos, e teste de campo aberto. Nenhum peptídeo apresentou atividade hemolítica, antibiótica; ou apresentou atividade desgranuladora de mastócito e liberação de LDH em ratos. Apenas o TyPep 18 apresentou alterações na locomoção de camundongos. Em geral, todos apresentaram ações de hiperalgesia ou formação de edemas localizados. Conclui-se portanto, que os peptídeos ensaiados no presente trabalho estão relacionados à produção de dor e inflamação.
Scorpions are arthropods of the class Arachnida, order Scorpiones. They are venonous animals, i. e, they have secretory organ or gland connected to an injection apparatus, which can inoculate the venom produced by specialized cells. The venom can be described as a complex mixture containing mucus, inorganic salts, organic molecules of low molecular mass, many neurotoxic peptides and proteins. The human enenvenoming by scorpion sting is an important problem of public health in many tropical and subtropical countries. In Brazil, Tityus serrulatus is one of the most dangerous species, which cause severe enenvenoming, that can lead to death. In general, the envenoming can cause symptoms of pain, fever, agitation, salivation, lacrimation, increasing motility of the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory failure and cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension followed by hypotension, heart failure, pulmonary edema and anaphylaxis. The venom of scorpions has been studied over the years in order to elucidate their biochemical composition, along with their sequences and biological functions. Some species of scorpions have antimicrobial compounds in their venom, mediators that trigger inflammatory processes, causing mast cell degranulation, and also may be capable of inducing neutrophil chemotaxis. To date, the toxinology of scorpions has concentrated the focus on neurotoxins, which are peptides containing between 30 and 70 amino acid residues in their sequences, with four or five disulfide bonds in their structures. Despite the existence of many small peptides (having between 5 and 20 amino acid residues in their sequences), that have linear conformations for not having disulfide bonds in their structures, this group of toxins has been neglected in the literature, due to the difficulty in isolating and determine molecular structures of these toxins. This study aimed to synthesize some of these peptides (Typep-14, -15, -16, -17, and -18) previously isolated and sequenced from T. serrulatus scorpion venom, by our research group, and characterize them according to their possible biological functions through mast cell degranulation and lactate dehydrogenase release test, hemolysis, antibiosis, hyperalgesic and edematogênics effects and open field test. None of the peptides presented hemolytic, antibiotic activity, mast cell degranulation or LDH release in rats. Only TyPep 18 influenced the pattern of locomotion in mice. In general, all peptides had presented hyperalgesic and edematogenic effects. It may be concluded that the peptides tested in this study are related to the production of pain and inflammation.
CAPES: 1208/2011
Silva, Delano Aníbal da. "Atividades biológicas de peçonhas de vespa (Polistes lanio lanio) e formiga (Paraponera clavata)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312158.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: As peçonhas de himenópteros contêm diversas toxinas que podem causar hemólise, cardiotoxicidade e insuficiência renal, além de reação de hipersensibilidade. Adicionalmente, algumas vespas e formigas utilizam sua peçonha para imobilizar ou matar a presa. Neste estudo analisamos as atividades fosfolipásica (PLA2) e hemolítica bem como a atividade biológica sobre íleo e átrio isolados de rato, e sobre coração semi-isolado de barata, das peçonhas de formiga (Paraponera clavata) e vespa (Polistes lanio lanio). A eletroforese das peçonhas (SDS-PAGE) revelou a presença de componentes com massas moleculares de ~22 kDa a 100 kDa em P. clavata e de 19 a 119 kDa em P. l. lanio. Já a cromatografia por gel filtração resultou em cinco picos principais para a peçonha de P. clavata e seis para a de P. l. lanio. A peçonha de P. clavata possuiu atividades PLA2 e hemolítica moderadas, que foram abolidas pelo aquecimento (100ºC, 20 min). A peçonha de P. clavata (0,1-3 ?g/ml) contraiu íleo isolado de rato, cujo efeito foi dessensibilizante e resistente ao aquecimento da peçonha. Esta atividade contraturante foi localizada no primeiro pico do perfil de eluição da cromatografia por gel filtração. Em átrio isolado de rato a peçonha de P. clavata (0,125-10 ?g/ml) causou contratura, resultando em diminuição da força contrátil e redução na freqüência atrial com aumento na liberação de creatinoquinase-MB (CK-MB) tecidual. O aquecimento da peçonha não aboliu esta ação atrial. A análise histopatológica mostrou necrose dos cardiomiócitos que não foi afetada pelo aquecimento. Dos picos obtidos por gel filtração, o pico 1 reproduziu a contratura causada pela peçonha enquanto o pico 3 aumentou a contratilidade atrial. Em coração semi-isolado de barata, a peçonha de P. clavata (1-100 ?g) causou bradicardia. Conclui-se que a peçonha de P. clavata: (1) possui atividades PLA2 e hemolítica que são termolábeis, (2) causa bradicardia em coração semi-isolado de barata, e (3) provoca contração em íleo isolado e contratura em átrio direito de rato. Ao contrário de P. clavata, a peçonha de P. l. lanio (0,3-100 ?g/ml) mostrou altas atividades PLA2 e hemolítica que também foram abolidas pelo aquecimento (100ºC, 20 min). A peçonha contraiu íleo isolado de rato, e causou inotropismo negativo em átrio direito isolado de rato, sem afetar o cronotropismo; não houve contratura da linha basal. A peçonha causou forte bradicardia em coração semi-isolado de barata que não foi abolido pelo aquecimento (100ºC, 20 min). Este cronotropismo negativo foi mediado por uma fração da peçonha de P. l. lanio enriquecida em componentes de baixa massa molecular (<5 kDa, obtida através da ultrafiltração). A cromatografia desta fração em HPLC de fase reversa resultou em seis picos, dos quais apenas o pico 4 causou bradicardia em coração semi-isolado de barata. A bradicardia foi bloqueada pela glibenclamida, sugerindo o envolvimento de canais de K+ dependentes de ATP neste fenômeno. A análise do pico ativo por espectrometria de massas indicou a presença de peptídeos. Conclui-se que a peçonha de P. l. lanio: (1) tem alta atividade fosfolipásica e hemolítica (ambas termolábeis), (2) provoca contração de íleo e inotropismo negativo em átrio direito de rato e (3) exerce forte cronotropismo negativo em coração semi-isolado de barata mediado pela ativação de canais de potássio dependentes de ATP
Abstract: Hymenoptera venoms contain toxins that can cause hemolysis, renal failure, cardiotoxicity and hypersensitivity in humans. Additionally, some wasps and ants use their venom to immobilize or kill prey. In this study, we analyzed the phospholipase (PLA2) and hemolytic activities of ant (Paraponera clavata) and wasp (Polistes lanio lanio) venoms, and their action on rat isolated ileum and right atrium and cockroach semi-isolated heart. Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) showed that the venoms of P. clavata and P. l. lanio contained components with molecular masses of ~20-100 kDa and 19-119 kDa, respectively. Gel filtration chromatography resulted in five major peaks for P. clavata venom and six for P. l. lanio. Paraponera clavata venom had moderate phospholipase and hemolytic activities that were abolished by heating (100ºC, 20 min). This venom (0.1-3 ?g/ml) contracted rat isolated ileum, with a desensitizing effect, and heating the venom did not abolish this activity, which was located in the first peak of the gel filtration elution profile. In isolated atria, the venom (0.125-10 ?g/ml) caused muscle contraction that resulted in decreased contractile force and a reduction in atrial rate, with an increase in creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) release; this atrial action was not abolished by heating. Histopathological analysis revealed myonecrosis that was also unaffected by heating. Of the peaks obtained by gel filtration, peak 1 reproduced the contraction observed with the venom whereas peak 3 caused a sustained increase in atrial contractility. The venom (1-100 ?g) caused bradycardia in cockroach semi-isolated hearts. These results show that P. clavata venom: (1) has PLA2 and hemolytic activities that are thermolabile, (2) causes bradycardia in cockroach semi-isolated hearts, and (3) contracts rat isolated ileum and causes contracture of rat right atria. In contrast to P. clavata, P. l. lanio venom (0.3-100 ?g/ml) showed high PLA2 and hemolytic activities that were also abolished by heating (100°C, 20 min). Polistes l. lanio venom contracted rat isolated ileum and produced negative inotropism in isolated rat right atria; there was no effect on the chronotropic response or on the baseline tension, i.e., no muscle contracture. The venom caused marked bradycardia in coackroach semi-isolated hearts that was unaffected by heating. This bradycardia was mediated by a low-molecular mass fraction of the venom (<5 kDa, obtained by ultrafiltration). RP-HPLC of this fraction resulted in six peaks, of which only the fourth caused bradycardia in cockroach semi-isolated hearts. This bradycardia was blocked by glibenclamide, suggesting the involvement of ATP-dependent K+ channel activation. Mass spectrometry of the active peak indicated the presence of peptides. These results indicate that P. l. lanio venom: (1) has high PLA2 and hemolytic activities that are thermolabile, (2) contracts rat isolated ileum and reduces the contractile force of isolated right atria, and (3) causes marked bradycardia in cockroach semi-isolated heart via the activation of ATP-dependent K+ channels
Doutorado
Farmacologia
Doutor em Farmacologia
Inceoglu, A. Bora. "Identification of novel toxins from the venom of South African scorpion Parabuthus transvaalicus and characterization of a unique step of venom use in scorpions /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textWickramaratna, Janith C. "A pharmacological characterisation of death adder (Acanthophis Spp.) venoms and toxins." Monash University, Dept. of Pharmacology, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5514.
Full textThompson, Christopher Hal. "Identification and characterization of a peptide toxin inhibitor of ClC-2 chloride channels." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26604.
Full textCommittee Chair: McCarty, Nael; Committee Co-Chair: Harvey, Stephen; Committee Member: Hartzell, Criss; Committee Member: Kubanek, Julia; Committee Member: Lee, Robert. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Du, Plessis Lissinda Hester. "Electrophysiological effects of fractions isolated from the venom of Parabuthus granulatus on calcium channels in cardiac myocytes / L.H. du Plessis." Thesis, North-West University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/577.
Full textThesis (M.Sc. (Physiology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.
Queiroz, Rodrigo Guimaraes. "Componentes derivados de venenos de serpentes com ação antitumoral em células de melanoma Murino." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-24082012-133252/.
Full textDespite the constant advances in the treatment of cancer, this disease remains one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. So, the development of new treatment modalities is imperative. Snake venom causes a variety of biological effects because they constitute a complex mixture of substances as disintegrins, proteases (serine and metalo), phospholipases A2, L-amino acid oxidases and others. The goal of the present work is to evaluate a anti-tumor activity of some snake venoms fractions. There are several studies of components derived from snake venoms with this kind of activity. After fractionation of snake venoms of the families Viperidae and Elapidae, the fractions were assayed towards murine melanoma cell line B16-F10 and fibroblasts L929. The results showed that the fractions of venom of the snake Notechis ater niger had higher specificity and potential antitumor activity on B16-F10 cell line than the other studied venoms. Since the components of this venom are not explored yet coupled with the potential activity showed in this work, we decided to choose this venom to develop further studies. The cytotoxic fractions were evaluated to identify and characterize the components that showed antitumoral activity. Western blot assays and zymography suggests that these proteins do not belong to the class of metallo and serine proteinases.
Macrander, Jason C. "Venomics of Sea Anemones: A Bioinformatic Approach to Tissue Specific Venom Composition and Toxin Gene Family Evolution." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1461063376.
Full textLajoie, Daniel M. "Novel Product Formation and Substrate Specificity of the Phospholipase D Toxins in the Venom of the Sicariidae Spider Family." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/333346.
Full textDias, Lourdes. "Alterações cardiovasculares causadas pela peçonha de Bothrops alternatus : estudos in vivo e in vitro." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312163.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: As peçonhas do gênero bothrops causam hipotensão, no entanto as alterações cardíacas e hemodinâmicas, associadas com este fenômeno não têm sido bem investigadas. Neste estudo, analisamos as alterações cardiovasculares causadas pela peçonha de Bothrops alternatus (urutu) em cães e, avaliamos a cardiotoxicidade desta peçonha em átrio direito isolado de rato. Em cães anestesiados com isoflurano, a peçonha (0,3 mg/kg, i.iv.) causou hipotensão imediata atingindo o ápice aos 5 minutos, seguida por uma lenta recuperação para níveis não significativamente diferentes do basal após 2h. Não foi observada recuperação no grupo tratado com a dose de 1,0 mg/kg. A hipotensão foi acompanhada por uma queda abrupta do débito cardíaco, dos trabalhos tanto do ventrículo direito quanto do esquerdo, bem como do volume e índice sistólico, os quais permaneceram reduzidos até o final do experimento. Não ocorreu alteração significativa na freqüência cardíaca, no ECG, nos valores pressóricos pulmonares, nos níveis dos gases sanguíneos (pO2, pCO2, HCO3, SBCe e SBEc), e nem nos parâmetros metabólicos (pH, lactato, glicose e creatinoquinase), porém, foi observado um aumento significativo nos níveis de lactato desidrogenase logo no início do envenenamento. Nenhuma alteração histológica no tecido cardíaco foi observada, no entanto, observou-se microaneurismas e alguma descamação epitelial nos túbulos renais. Houve uma diminuição rápida da peçonha circulante, após a administração i.v., que ainda foi detectada aos 240 minutos. A peçonha de B. alternatus (0,5; 1,0 e 2,0 mg/ml) não alterou a frequência atrial, mas reduziu significativamente a força contrátil (redução máxima de ~76%) e aumentou acentuadamente a liberação de creatinoquinase (CK) e creatinoqunase - MB (CK-MB). A análise histopatológica mostrou extensa mionecrose dos cardiomiócitos. A peçonha dialisada (1,0 mg/ml, membrana de 2000 Da) contra NaCl 0,9 % (24h a 4 °C) não alterou a redução progressiva na força contrátil, enquanto que o aquecimento (100 °C, 20 min) aboliu esta redução; A liberação de CK e CK-MB não foi alterada pela diálise e pelo aquecimento. A atropina, o atenolol e propranol, a cimetidina ou a indometacina não alteraram a força contrátil atrial, no entanto o L-NAME - inibidor da NOS, atenuou a redução na contratilidade, sugerindo um possível envolvimento do NO na resposta induzida pela peçonha. Estes resultados mostram que em cães, a peçonha de B. alternatus produziu acentuadas alterações cardiovasculares, envolvendo uma ação cardíaca direta, com poucas alterações metabólicas. A peçonha é também tóxica para átrio isolado de rato, provavelmente em função dos efeitos proteolíticos e/ou de PLA2.
Abstract: Bothrops snake venoms cause hypotension, but the hemodynamic and cardiac alterations associated with this phenomenon have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we examined the cardiovascular changes caused by Bothrops alternatus (urutu) venom in anesthetized dogs and examined the cardiotoxicity of the venom in rat isolated rat atria. In isofluorane-anesthetized dogs, venom (0.3 mg/kg, i.v.) caused immediate hypotension that was maximal within 5 min followed by a slow recovery to levels not significantly different from pre-venom values after 2 h; no recovery was seen with a venom dose of 1 mg/kg. The hypotension was accompanied by an abrupt decrease in cardiac output, left and right ventricular systolic work, and systolic indices and volume that persisted without recovery until the end of the experiment. There were no significant changes in heart rate, ECG, pulmonary hemodynamics, blood gas levels (pO2, pCO2, HCO3, SBCe and SBEc) and metabolic parameters (blood pH, lactate, glucose and creatine kinase); however, a slight, significant increase in lactate dehydrogenase was seen soon after venom. There were no histological alterations in cardiac tissue, but microaneurysms and epithelial desquamation were seen in renal tubules. Circulating venom decreased rapidly after i.v. administration, but was still detectable after 240 min. Venom (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml) did not affect the beating rate of rat isolated right atria but significantly reduced the contractile force (maximal reduction of ~76%) and markedly increased the release of creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB. Histological analysis revealed extensive myonecrosis. Venom dialysis (1.0 mg/ml; membrane nominal MW cut-off = 2000 Da) against 0.9% NaCl (24 h, 4°C) did not affect the decrease in contractile force whereas heating (100°C, 20 min) abolished the venom-induced reduction; CK and CK-MB release was also unaltered by dialysis but attenuated by heating. The decrease in atrial contractility was unaffected by atropine, atenolol, propranolol, cimetidine or indomethacin, but was attenuated by L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, indicating a possible role for nitric oxide in the venom-induced response. These results show that in dogs B. alternatus produces marked cardiovascular alterations involving a direct cardiac action, with little role for metabolic changes. The venom is also toxic to rat atria, probably as a result of venom proteolytic and/or phospholipase A2 activity.
Doutorado
Farmacologia
Doutor em Farmacologia
Ramos, Bruno Cesar Ribeiro. "Estudos farmacológicos preliminares com a peçonha obtida dos nematocistos de Macrorhynchia philippina (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41135/tde-19042010-112913/.
Full textMany interactions between animals are made by the release of bioactive substances. In Cnidarian, these interactions are greatly expressed by characteristic organelles of this group named nematocysts. Using it for prey capture or defense against predators, the nematocysts have a toxic cocktail with actions that can be moderate or potentially fatal to humans. This fact makes the studies involving these animals a very important subject. The Classes Anthozoa, Cubozoa e Scyphozoa have been studied, under this point of view, for decades. However, the Hydrozoa class, even though no less important, still need a similar approach. The few works that had been made with the members of this group include only a limited number of species of hydra, Man-of-War (Physalia) and firecorals (Millepora). The species Macrorhynchia philippina are composed by bentonic colonial hydroids. They are found along the entire São Sebastião-SP channel, being responsible for injuries to divers and bathers that entry in contact with their colony. The pain evoked from its contact is very strong, acute and pointed, that lasts for a few seconds. Nevertheless, its contact does not lead to serious injury or local inflammatory edemas like those produced by animals belonging to other classes. Even though being a species of pharmacological interest, there is no toxinological study made with these animals. In this work, we investigated the hydroids from M. philippina species trying to characterize the effects of the venom obtained from its nematocysts. In order to perform this task two methods of extraction had been used: the homogenization, that consists in the maceration of fragments of the colony (total extract), and the electrical stimulation, from which we can obtain the venom produced directly by the nematocists (crude venom). These two methods were performed using three pharmacological tests in order to try to prove the existence of toxins like, cytolysins, neurotoxins and cytotoxins. The comparison between the two methods shows a paradoxal difference. Only the total extract evoked positive effects, showing a loss of activity or even the absence of the toxins that evoke these effects in crude venom. These observation, in addition with the reports of acute pain due to the contact with this specie in humans, lead us to submit the crude venom to three more new tests, that would expose the existence of toxins that are involved in pain and inflammatory mechanisms. Our results suggest the existence of a toxin from non-nematocysts tissues, responsible for the cytolytic and neurotoxic effects observed, and a toxin in nematocysts that act in inflammatory mechanism and pain induced processes.
Bradley, Karen Nicola. "The in vitro effects of muscarinic toxins MT2, MT3, MT4 and MT7 isolated from the venom of Dendroaspis angusticeps." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366919.
Full textFox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson. "Biologia, morfologia e bioquímica de veneno da formiga lava-pés Solenopsis saevissima Smith (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106583.
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Banca: Jacenir Reis dos Santos Mallet
Banca: Neusa de Lima Nogueira
Resumo: A formiga lava-pés Solenopsis saevissima Smith está entre os insetos que mais causam acidentes no Brasil, e é uma espécie pouco estudada. A presente série de investigações tenta suprir um pouco da necessidade de estudos com esta importante espécie no Brasil. Primeiramente são relatados detalhes da biologia de S. saevissima em comparação com outras espécies de formigas lava-pés: pela primeira vez é mostrada uma lista de artrópodes associados a estes formigueiros no Brasil, incluindo uma série de novos táxons, dos quais um é aqui descrito; as larvas desta espécie são descritas e comparadas com o que se sabe sobre as larvas de outras lava-pés, sendo visto que as semelhanças encontradas são extensas demais para permitir a utilização de caracteres larvais para filogenia e taxonomia em nível de espécie. Ainda na morfologia, são apresentados resultados de análise ultraestrutural do aparato de veneno por meio de microscopia ótica e eletrônica, onde é mostrado que as diferentes regiões do órgão apresentam especializações para a produção de cada um dos compostos do veneno. A composição do veneno desta espécie foi analisada pela primeira vez, onde verificou-se que acima de 90% do veneno de S. saevissima é composto de isômeros cis e tras de um mesmo alcalóide piperidinico oleoso, sendo o restante uma solução aquosa de toxinas protéicas, incluindo neurotoxinas, fosfolipases, e alérgenos. De uma forma geral, o veneno de S. saevissima tem uma diversidade menor de compostos que o de Solenopsis invicta, podendo figurar entre os motivos que explicam porque a espécie S. invicta é uma espécie invasora e S. saevissima não. São apresentados pela primeira vez evidências químicas da existência de espécies crítpticas dentro de S. saevissima. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados suprem um pouco da carência de estudos com as formigas lava-pés... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The fire ant Solenopsis saevissima Smith is one of the insects most frequently involved in accidents in Brazil, yet being a poorly studied species. The series of studies presented here aimed at filling some of this gap in knowledge about this common and important ant species. Some aspects of the field biology of S. saevissima are shown in comparison with other fire ants: a unique list of associated arthropods collected from field inspections in Southern Brazil is given, which includes several new taxa, one of which is herein described for the first time. The larvae of S. saevissima are described for the first time and compared with larvae from close species, culminating with the demonstration that larval characters within this group cannot be feasibly employed in species-level phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses. In terms of internal anatomy, a detailed ultrastructural description of the venom apparatus of S. saevissima is given, wherein special emphasis was given to the particular organisation of each region of the apparatus, suggesting there are specialised areas for the production of each venom compound. The venom of this species was subject of biochemical analyses for the first time, generally illustrating that the venom of S. saevissima is >90% made of a simple mixture of cis- and trasundecil- pyperidinic alkaloids, being the remainder an aqueous solution of toxic proteins, comprising neurotoxins, and traces of phospholipases and allergens. The venom of S. saevissima proved being less diverse in toxins than the venom of Solenopsis invicta, possibly explaining why S. invicta is a successful invasive species while S. saevissima apparently is not. Moreover, herein is included the first record of intraspecific variation in the nature of venom alkaloids, providing biochemical evidence for the existence of cryptic species in S. saevissima. Taken together, the obtained... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Gonçalves, Tânia Cristina. "Evaluation multi-échelle de toxines de venins comme agents antinociceptifs potentiels." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS587.
Full textThe aim of my thesis was to identify original venom toxins, by their sequence and/or origin, as potential antinociceptive agents. In this context, a high-throughput screening of two venom libraries was performed, by automated patch-clamp electrophysiology, on cell lines expressing the hNaV1.7 neuronal subtype of sodium channels (versus those expressing the hNaV1.5 cardiac subtype), a genetically-validated and strongly expressed pain target in the primary sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglia, the first support of nociceptive message transmission.The screening of the first venom library (belonging to Smartox Biotechnology) allowed the identification and characterization, by structural and multiscale functional approaches (from the cell in vitro to the organism in vivo), of 2 peptides from spider venoms having potential antinociceptive properties : (1) cyriotoxin-1a from Cyriopagopus schioedtei venom, whose functional properties are close to those of peptides belonging to family 1 of spider toxins inhibiting sodium channels, and (2) poecitoxin-1a from Poecilotheria subfusca venom, which has a better affinity for the hCaV1.2 subtype of calcium channels than for the hNaV1.7 subtype. We also conducted a "structure-activity" study to improve the selectivity profile of phlotoxin-1 from a Phlogiellus spider, known for its antinociceptive activity. Finally, we evidenced a direct interaction between huwentoxin-IV, already known as a potential antinociceptive agent, and the NaV1.6 neuronal subtype which is the main cause of undesirable neuromuscular effects. The screening of the second venom library (belonging to SANOFI) allowed to identify interesting hits from spider and scorpion venoms, not studied until now, having an original sequence with little homology with already known sequences
Hasson, Sigdi S. Anwer Abdo. "DNA immunisation to generate snake antivenom : cloning and characterisation of novel cDNAs encoding haemostasis-disruptive venom toxins of saw scaled viper, Echis ocellatus." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.403219.
Full textFox, Eduardo Gonçalves Paterson [UNESP]. "Biologia, morfologia e bioquímica de veneno da formiga lava-pés Solenopsis saevissima Smith (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106583.
Full textUniversidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
A formiga lava-pés Solenopsis saevissima Smith está entre os insetos que mais causam acidentes no Brasil, e é uma espécie pouco estudada. A presente série de investigações tenta suprir um pouco da necessidade de estudos com esta importante espécie no Brasil. Primeiramente são relatados detalhes da biologia de S. saevissima em comparação com outras espécies de formigas lava-pés: pela primeira vez é mostrada uma lista de artrópodes associados a estes formigueiros no Brasil, incluindo uma série de novos táxons, dos quais um é aqui descrito; as larvas desta espécie são descritas e comparadas com o que se sabe sobre as larvas de outras lava-pés, sendo visto que as semelhanças encontradas são extensas demais para permitir a utilização de caracteres larvais para filogenia e taxonomia em nível de espécie. Ainda na morfologia, são apresentados resultados de análise ultraestrutural do aparato de veneno por meio de microscopia ótica e eletrônica, onde é mostrado que as diferentes regiões do órgão apresentam especializações para a produção de cada um dos compostos do veneno. A composição do veneno desta espécie foi analisada pela primeira vez, onde verificou-se que acima de 90% do veneno de S. saevissima é composto de isômeros cis e tras de um mesmo alcalóide piperidinico oleoso, sendo o restante uma solução aquosa de toxinas protéicas, incluindo neurotoxinas, fosfolipases, e alérgenos. De uma forma geral, o veneno de S. saevissima tem uma diversidade menor de compostos que o de Solenopsis invicta, podendo figurar entre os motivos que explicam porque a espécie S. invicta é uma espécie invasora e S. saevissima não. São apresentados pela primeira vez evidências químicas da existência de espécies crítpticas dentro de S. saevissima. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados suprem um pouco da carência de estudos com as formigas lava-pés...
The fire ant Solenopsis saevissima Smith is one of the insects most frequently involved in accidents in Brazil, yet being a poorly studied species. The series of studies presented here aimed at filling some of this gap in knowledge about this common and important ant species. Some aspects of the field biology of S. saevissima are shown in comparison with other fire ants: a unique list of associated arthropods collected from field inspections in Southern Brazil is given, which includes several new taxa, one of which is herein described for the first time. The larvae of S. saevissima are described for the first time and compared with larvae from close species, culminating with the demonstration that larval characters within this group cannot be feasibly employed in species-level phylogenetic and taxonomic analyses. In terms of internal anatomy, a detailed ultrastructural description of the venom apparatus of S. saevissima is given, wherein special emphasis was given to the particular organisation of each region of the apparatus, suggesting there are specialised areas for the production of each venom compound. The venom of this species was subject of biochemical analyses for the first time, generally illustrating that the venom of S. saevissima is >90% made of a simple mixture of cis- and trasundecil- pyperidinic alkaloids, being the remainder an aqueous solution of toxic proteins, comprising neurotoxins, and traces of phospholipases and allergens. The venom of S. saevissima proved being less diverse in toxins than the venom of Solenopsis invicta, possibly explaining why S. invicta is a successful invasive species while S. saevissima apparently is not. Moreover, herein is included the first record of intraspecific variation in the nature of venom alkaloids, providing biochemical evidence for the existence of cryptic species in S. saevissima. Taken together, the obtained... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Amui, Saulo França. "Do laboratório ao campo virtual: desenvolvimento de um banco de dados de venenos de serpentes brasileiras e análise computacional de estruturas primárias de fosfolipases A2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/60/60134/tde-21052007-094343/.
Full textTechnological advances have been contributing, more and more, with biological and scientific areas, offering computational tools and specific systems which in silico data analysis supply reliable and fast results. The present project considers the development of an Internet portal for installation and use of laboratory data base for the main Brazilian serpents, with its respective venom and natural anti-venom, and the analysis of obtained data in pharmacological assays and biochemists. Using the easiest way of communication and interaction, the Internet allows sharing of data and information between communities of researchers around the world, especially for Brazilian researchers, making resources and time possible. Elementary data about serpents have been stored in the data base, as well as toxic, pharmacological and enzymatic activities of venom components, besides biotechnological applications of the products that can be obtained from these venom, enclosing clinical data and statistical values of ophidian accidents. Biochemists aspects of the assays carried through in laboratory allowed the construction of a comparative analysis tool for primary structures of PLA2s, deposited in international data bases. Beyond interactivity between researchers, in discussion forums, the system counts with lists of main articles published in indexed periodic, duly and constantly updated with bibliographical revisions.
Silva, Alvaro Rossan de Brandão Prieto da. "Clonagem, expressão e estudo de alguns cDNAs codificando proteínas estruturalmente relacionadas às alfa neurotoxinas da glândula de veneno da cobra coral Micrurus corallinus (Serpentes, Elapidae)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2002. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/46/46131/tde-17072002-213926/.
Full textA cDNA sequence encoding a putative new toxin, NXH8, was isolated from the cDNA library constructed from the venom gland of the Brazilian coral snake, Micrurus corallinus. This sequence shows a structural similarity with the snake toxin family known as 'three-fingered' toxins, a family of toxins with approximately 60 to 70 amino acids and usually 4 to 5 disulfide bonds. Irrespective of whether these proteins are functionally different, their amino acid sequences can be readily aligned, using 8 half-cystines as conserved elements, suggesting the presence of common structural features. The best known subclass of three-finger-type toxins are the curaremimetic toxins, also called alpha-neurotoxins, found in most venoms from Elapid and Sea snakes. Another toxin with a distinct sequence, known as NXH1 and its isoforms NXH3 and NXH7 had been previously isolated. They belong to the same family of toxins and were characterized from the same cDNA library. In the present study, a comparative biochemical, pharmacological and structural analyses of NXH1 and NXH8 were described. Few structural characteristics of NXH8 seem to indicate that it differs from the usual class of alpha neurotoxins, belonging, possibly, to a new subclass of 'three-finger' toxins. The NXH8 protein was expressed in various E. coli expression vectors and the resulted recombinant toxin from pRSETC-NXH8 plasmid was used as a "toxoid" for mice immunization. The anti - NXH8 sera, as well as the anti elapid sera from the Butantan Institute, recognized the recombinant toxin by both ELISA and Western blot assays. In contrast to the claim that anti - NXH1 sera is specific to one component of M. corallinuss venom, the anti NXH8 sera show cross reactivity to venom of some Neotropical and Old World elapids. The M. corallinus's venom contains alpha toxins, which inhibit post-synaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor of neonatal rat skeletal muscle membrane. The anti - NXH8 serum was capable of blocking the binding of the components of the crude venom to these receptors. In contrast, the anti NXH1 serum did not show this inhibitory effect. This indicates that either NXH8 presents affinity for muscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor or it shares a neutralizing epitope also present in M. corallinuss alpha neurotoxins.
Besson, Thomas. "Étude de la régulation pharmacologique des canaux ioniques ASIC par des toxines animales." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4139/document.
Full textThe Acid-Sensing Ion Channels (ASIC) are widely expressed in the central and peripheral nervous system and are activated by extracellular acidification. They are involved in increasing number of physiological or pathological functions such as synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, learning, memory, fear, depression, epilepsy and neurodegeneration, as well as nociception and mechanical sensitivity. They represent interesting therapeutic targets for the treatment of pain and neurological disorders. Several toxins are able to modify the gating of ion channels and are useful for studying their structures and biological functions. Moreover, drugs developed from toxins venoms have allowed the discovery of new treatments for many pathologies. My thesis work has two axes. First, the development of a new electronic extractor has allowed the implementation of new strategies to collect venoms. On the other hand, we were able to identify the binding site of the mambalgine toxin on ASIC1a, to describe its mechanism of action and to characterize the key residues of this toxin. Based on a new pharmacological approach using action mechanisms of toxins and small molecules, we were able to establish a global model of the pH-dependent gating of ASIC channels. This work opens some new perspectives for the development of optimized forms of mambalgine and provides new information on the gating of ASIC
Díaz, Ocaña Raquel. "Recombinant self-assembling nanoparticles for cancer therapy based on toxin and venom compounds." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670483.
Full textLa plataforma desarrollada de ingeniería de proteínas autoensamblables permite diseñar nanopartículas únicamente proteicas (NPs) capaces de atacar y actuar selectivamente sobre las células cancerosas mediante la interacción con receptores que se sobreexpresan. Las estructuras esféricas estables de las NPs desarrolladas y su tamaño adecuado, en combinación con los péptidos de direccionamiento involucrados, mejoran su especificidad. Además, la novedosa incorporación de segmentos de toxina y veneno ha mejorado los efectos terapéuticos de estas estructuras que son totalmente biocompatibles y que no tienen ningún portador externo o material agregado, cumpliendo de esta manera con el concepto emergente para medicamentos de precisión que involucra un fármaco recombinante libre de vehículo, autoensamblado, auto-dirigido y eficiente. Una versión modificada de la cadena catalítica de ricina A, con la capacidad de disminuir los efectos secundarios no deseados del síndrome de derrame vascular, pero conservando su citotoxicidad natural, se adaptó a la plataforma de proteínas. El diseño se desarrolló con el péptido T22, que se une a CXCR4, en el extremo N-terminal, y una cola de histidinas en el extremo C-terminal, en combinación con un fragmento del sitio escindible de furina para liberar la proteína intracelularmente, y una secuencia KDEL para evitar secreción del retículo endoplásmico. Las NPs de cadena de ricina A solubles purificadas dirigidas a CXCR4, con un diámetro promedio de 11 nm, alcanzaron un incremento de 100 veces en su citotoxicidad con un IC50 de 13 ± 0,5 x 10 -9 M en células HeLa. Pero también se produjeron por métodos recombinantes y se purificaron cuerpos de inclusión insolubles de 400-600 nm, con resultados citotóxicos parciales. El mecanismo de entrada dependiente del receptor de T22-mRTA-H6 se verificó y evaluó en un modelo de ratón con leucemia mieloide aguda (AML) mediante la inyección sistémica en la vena de la cola, donde se verificó un bloqueo importante de las células leucémicas sin toxicidad sistémica o histológica lateral en los órganos sanos. De manera similar, la clorotoxina (CTX) también se incorporó a la plataforma de proteínas con el fin de aprovechar su direccionamiento y efecto terapéutico en glioblastoma (GBM), ambas funciones en un solo péptido. Se diseñaron dos versiones que se unen a la proteína anexina-2 y la metaloproteinasa de matriz MMP-2; CTX-GFP-H6 y CTX-KRKRK-GFP-H6. Lss NPs solubles, de un diámetro promedio de 12 nm, se incubaron en células HeLa sobreexpresando anexina-2, y en células U87MG, sobreexpresando MMP2. Ambas versiones eran completamente fluorescentes, pero CTX-GFP-H6 presentó efectos citotóxicos leves, mientras que CTX-KRKRK-GFP-H6 mostró ser más citotóxico en las células U87MG que en las células HeLa. La afinidad selectiva de CTX se confirmó mediante la evaluación de su direccionamiento utilizando anticuerpos monoclonales y un suero policlonal contra la proteína de la superficie celular, actuando como un receptor de la CTX.
The developed self-assembling platform allows the engineering of protein-only nanoparticles (NPs) capable to target and act selectively over cancer cells by means of the interaction with overexpressed receptors. The stability of the spherical NP structures and their adequate size, in combination with the involved targeting peptides, enhance their specificity. Also, the novel incorporation of toxin and venom segments have improved the therapeutic effects of these fully biocompatible materials, without the need of any external carrier or added material, thus fulfilling the newfangled concept for precision medicines that involve self-assembled, self-targeted and efficient vehicle-free recombinant drugs. A modified version of the catalytic ricin A chain, with the ability to diminish the undesired vascular leak syndrome side effects but retaining its natural cytotoxicity, was adapted to the protein platform. The design was developed with the peptide T22 in the N-terminal, which binds CXCR4, and a his-tag in the C-terminal. This was combined with a furin cleavable site fragment in order to release the protein intracellularly, and a KDEL sequence to avoid endoplasmic reticulum secretion. Purified soluble CXCR4-targeted ricin A chain NPs with an average diameter of 11 nm, reached a 100-fold cytotoxic improvement with an IC50 of 13 ± 0.5 x 10 -9 M in HeLa cells. Also, insoluble 400-600 nm inclusion bodies were produced by recombinant methods and purified, with partial cytotoxic results. The receptor-dependent mechanism of T22-mRTA-H6 was verified and evaluated in an acute myeloid leukemia (AML) mouse model by systemic administration through a vein tail injection where an important blockage of the leukemic cells was verified without side systemic or histological toxicity in healthy organs. In a similar way, chlorotoxin (CTX) was also incorporated to the protein platform in order to take advantage of its targeting and therapeutic effect in glioblastoma (GBM), both functions in one peptide. Two versions that target protein Annexin-2 and the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-2 were engineered, namely CTX-GFP-H6 and CTX-KRKRK-GFP-H6. The soluble NPs of an average dimeter of 12 nm were incubated with HeLa cells, overexpressing annexin-2, and in U87MG cells, overexpressing MMP2. Both versions were fully fluorescent but CTX-GFP-H6 presented mild cytotoxic effects, whereas CTX-KRKRK-GFP-H6 showed to be more cytotoxic in U87MG cells than in HeLa cells. The selective affinity of CTX was confirmed by means of evaluating its targeting using a monoclonal antibody and a polyclonal serum against the cell surface protein, acting as a CTX receptor.
Stephano, Marco Antonio. "Veneno de Bothrops jararaca modificado com mPEG (monometoxipolietileno glicol) para elaboração de um adjuvante complexado à partícula antigênica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9134/tde-12092012-161422/.
Full textEnzymes, biopharmaceutics and biological products in general way had always been obstacles for the therapeutically use. This in function of the risks of adverse reaction that could cause as well as the induction of a desirable immunological reply or not. The use of the monomethoxypolyethylene glycol (mPEG) conjugated proteins and enzymes brought new perspectives of natural substance use as active pharmacology substances, therefore the fact to be conjugated to an inert polymer had given to a good new physical-chemistry structure of these substances, diminishing the risks of anaphylaxis and the biodegradation for of complexes antigen-antibody formation. However the new studies of the inserted variable in the phenomenon of structure mPEG and protein formation as the system of supply of pharmacology-chemistries had also brought subsidies for the development of this work as for supply of antigen for the immune system. This work demonstrated that the MPEG can be used as adjuvant and at the same time as inductive of mechanisms of immunological tolerance. This modulation occurs in function of the concentration of conjugated MPEG the protein molecule, in way that low conjugated concentrations of amine with consequence take to a mechanism of adjuvant effect with increase of the production of Il-4 and IL-5 and increase antibodies production when compared with the antigen only. On the other hand the tolerance mechanisms had been demonstrated by the increase of the IL-2 production, INF-γ and TNF-α when MPEG concentration exceeds 30% of the free amines demonstrating activation of Th1 cells. Also he was demonstrated that the use of the toxic MPEG can be used to diminish or even though to eliminate the activity of poisons. Therefore during the carried through experiments it had a reduction of at the least of 50% of the toxicity.
Viala, Vincent Louis. "Análise combinada do transcriptoma de glândula de veneno e do proteoma do veneno da espécie Pseudonaja textilis (Elapidae : Serpentes)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-13062014-104311/.
Full textSnake venom toxins alter prey homeostasis for feeding or defense. In depth studies of venom composition are important for better antivenom production, for new drugs lead and discovery and for better understanding of biological, ecological and evolutionary processes. Research on toxins have shown the natures way of innovating, refined by evolution, diversifying functions of protein families recruited from their endogenous function to the venom gland by successive gene duplication and mutation accumulation, leading to an accelerated evolution. A myriad of available toxins and diversity of functions is still available for discovery. Combining high throughput techniques such as venom gland de novo transcriptomics and venom proteomics, one can assess and observe a more complete profile of the snake toxinome, additionally allowing an upscale in low represented and unexpected toxin detection. The aim of this project was to investigate the venom toxinome of one of the most dangerous Australian species, Pseudonaja textilis (Elapidae). The toxins identified in it venom was: protrombinase complex coagulation factors, neurotoxic textilotoxin phospholipase A2 (PLA2) subunits and procoagulant PLA2, neurotoxic three-finger toxins (3FTx), Kunitz-type protease inhibitor textilinin, and for the first time, a new long 3FTx, C-type lectins, CRiSPs, as well as evidences of lizard toxins from Heloderma genus and other toxin candidates calreticulin and dipeptidase 2. Metalloproteinases, little investigated in Elapidae, was cloned and detected in the venom after fractionation and immunoassay. The transcriptome revealed new toxin variants and isoforms, specially 3FTx and serine protease inhibitors, as well as transcripts from toxins not detected in the venom that deserves further investigation. Human accident symptoms are well explained by the identified toxins, however, in its natural environment, little known and undescribed toxins must have specific and important role in predation. Identifying this diversity is important to better understand toxins ways of action.
Neiva, Márcia. "Transcriptoma da glândula de veneno de Bothrops atrox." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-18092018-164628/.
Full textThe species Bothrops atrox is responsible for most accidents in state of Amazonas. However, there are few studies on toxins that make up the venom of this snake, mechanisms involved in symptomatology of accidents, as well as inhibition forms. Sera antivenom currently used in order to neutralize the systemic and local activities of the venoms showed cross-reactivity between components of the venom of Bothrops (MOURA DA SILVA et al., 1990). However some components of the venom showed no reactivity (SILES-VILARROEL et al., 1974), indicating the existence of species-specific toxins. Snake venoms are subject to large variations induced by several aspects and influences of ontogenetic habitat. Thus, these variations can produce toxins whose mechanisms of species-specific action are still unknown and antibodies present in available antivenoms maybe not are capable to recognize and neutralize some toxins efficiently. Bothrops species have highly variable, some of difficult taxonomic classification and new species have been discovered recently. As a contribution to gain of information about of different compositions of Bothrops venom and to knowledge of toxins not yet isolated and the isolated in Bothrops atrox type species we constructed a venom gland cDNA library . The data obtained are important for the development of gene expression panel of this species and enable the identification of toxins common or not in the venom of other species. These data will allow correlation with the proteomic study, and possibly provide input for improving the therapeutic used in the treatment of accidents cases in the region.
Mohamed, Abd El Aziz Tarek. "New technologies for animal venoms : proteomics, drug screening and toxin neutralization." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAV066.
Full textVenomous animals are widely distributed throughout the world especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Animal venoms are used as a defense mechanism or to immobilize and digest prey in nature. In fact, venoms are complex mixtures of enzymatic and non- enzymatic proteins components with specific pathophysiological functions. Toxin peptides isolated from animal venoms target mainly the ion channels, membrane receptors and components of the hemostatic system with high affinity. Snake venoms have also been used as medical tools for thousands of years especially in Chinese traditional medicine. Consequently, venoms can be considered as mini-drug libraries in which each drug is pharmacologically active. However, less than 0.01% of these toxins have been identified and characterized. New toxin identification generally proceeds from a screening test, either in vivo or on a pharmacological target of interest to the industry. Herein, we screened for bioactive compounds from the venom of the Egyptian black snake Walterinnesia aegyptia capable to activate sperm motility in vitro from male mice OF1
Andrade, Henrique Martins de. "Dosimetria interna de radiofármacos derivados de polipeptídeos antitumorais isolados dos venenos de: Crotalus durissus terrificus e Scorpaena plumieri." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2009. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=129.
Full textA identificação de novos agentes terapêuticos e diagnósticos capazes de inibir o crescimento tumoral é essencial para melhoria no prognóstico de pacientes acometidos por tumores malignos (glioma, mama dentre outros). Nesse contexto, produtos naturais (vegetais e animais) constituem-se numa rica fonte de substâncias com potencial antitumoral. Polipeptídeos isolados dos venenos da serpente Crotalus durissus terrificus (Crtx) e do peixe Scorpaena plumieri (SPGP), apresentam atividade antitumoral contra tumores. Foi demonstrado que os análogos radioiodados de Crtx e SPGP, 125I-Crtx e 125I-SPGP, podem interagir especificamente com tumores malignos e induzir morte celular. Protótipos de radiofármacos baseados em Crtx e SPGP contendo radioiodo 131I foram capazes de produzir imagens de qualidade diagnóstica ao se acumular especificamente no sítio tumoral. Nesse trabalho, dados biocinéticos de 131I-Crtx e 131I-SPGP, avaliados em camundongos portadores do tumor de Ehrlich, foram tratados pelo formalismo MIRD com a finalidade de se avaliar a segurança radiológica e o potencial radiodiagnóstico/terapêutico. Doses absorvidas devidas à administração de 131I-Crtx e 131I-SPGP pelas vias intravenosa e intratumoral em camundongos portadores de tumor de Ehrlich foram determinadas para vários órgãos, bem como para o tumor implantado. Os resultados obtidos para o modelo animal, foram extrapolados para humanos considerando uma relação de concentração entre os vários tecidos similares entre e camundongos e humanos. Na extrapolação, foram utilizadas massas médias experimentais, bem como, do fantoma animal de Hui, para animais; e massas do fantoma de Cristy/Eckerman para humanos. Ambas as radiações, penetrante e não penetrante do 131I no tecido foram consideradas para os cálculos de dose. A dose absorvida na medula devida à administração de 131I-Crtx foi 0,01 mGy/370MBq tanto para a injeção intravenosa quanto para a injeção intratumoral. No tumor, o valor calculado foi 3,28 mGy/370MBq para a injeção intravenosa e 107,18 mGy/370MBq para a injeção intratumoral. Para a administração de 131I-SPGP os valores para a medula foram 1,34 mGy/370MBq para injeção intravenosa e de 0,12 mGy/370MBq para injeção intratumoral. No tumor, 256,29 mGy/370MBq para a injeção intravenosa e 895,69 mGy/370MBq para a injeção intratumoral. Os resultados sugerem boa segurança radiológica para ambos os radiofármacos considerando os valores encontrados para a medula, tanto pela via intravenosa quanto pela intratumoral, tendo em vista a importância deste órgão como gerador de células sanguíneas. Os resultados encontrados para o tumor por via intravenosa indicam aplicabilidade diagnóstica para ambas as moléculas. Pela via intratumoral, os valores encontrados sugerem viabilidade de 131I-Crtx e de 131I-SPGP para uso como agente terapêutico, dada a permanência de radioatividade no sítio tumoral. Embora 131I-Crtx tenha se apresentado mais seguro para aplicações em diagnóstico, o seu potencial para aplicação em radioterapia interna é menor que o de 131I-SPGP. Ambos, 131I-Crtx e 131I-SPGP, mostraram-se bons protótipos para o desenvolvimento de radiofármacos. O presente estudo indica a necessidade da síntese de análogos com menor captação nos órgãos saudáveis e maior captação tumoral, bem como, formulações farmacêuticas, usando nanotecnologia, tais como: lipossomas, nanomateriais para liberação controlada da droga.
The identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic agents capable of inhibiting tumor growth is essential for improving the prognosis of patients suffering from malignant tumors (glioma, breast and others). In this context, natural products (plants and animals) are a rich source of substances with potential antitumor. Despite knowledge of the etiology and pathology of tumors little progress has been observed in the area of diagnosis. Molecules of snake venoms have been shown to play an important role not only in the survival and proliferation of tumor cells but also in the process of tumor cell adhesion, migration and angiogenesis. Polypeptides isolated from the venom of the snake, Crotalus durissus terrificus, Crtx, and Scorpaena plumieri fish, SPGP, have antitumor activity against malignant tumors. It was shown that similar radioiodines Crtx and SPGP, 125I-Crtx and 125I-SPGP, can interact specifically with malignant tumors and induce cell death. Prototype-based radiopharmaceuticals Crtx and SPGP containing radioiodine 131I were able to produce diagnostic images to accumulate specifically in the tumor site. The present study aimed at evaluating the potential radiological safety and diagnostic/therapeutic efficacy of 131I-Crtx 131I-SPGP and (evaluated from the biokinetic data in mice bearing Ehrlich tumor) were treated by the MIRD formalism to carry out internal dosimetry studies. Absorbed doses due to the uptake of 131I-Crtx and 131I-SPGP were determined in various organs of mice and implanted into the tumor. The results obtained for the animal model were extrapolated to humans by assuming a similar concentration ratio among the various tissues between mice and humans. In extrapolation, we used the masses of human organs of the phantom of Cristy/Eckerman. Both radiation penetrating and nonpenetrating of 131I on the tissue were considered in dose calculations. The absorbed dose in the bone marrow due to the administration of 131I-Crtx was 0.01 mGy/370MBq for both intravenous injection and for the intratumoral injection. In tumor, the value was 3.28 mGy/370MBq for intravenous injection and 107.18 mGy/370MBq for intratumoral injection. For the administration of 131I-SPGP values for the bone marrow were 1.34 mGy/370MBq for intravenous injection and 0.12 mGy/370MBq for intratumoral injection. In tumor, 256.29 mGy/370MBq for intravenous injection and 895.69 mGy/370MBq for intratumoral injection. The results suggest good radiation safety for both radiopharmaceuticals considering the values found for the bone marrow by both intratumoral and intravenous routes, in view of the importance of this body to generate blood cells. The results for the tumor intravenously indicate diagnostic applicability for both molecules. Through intratumoral, the values suggest the feasibility for use of 131I-Crtx and of 131I-SPGP as a therapeutic agent, given the persistence of radioactivity in the tumor site. Although 131I-Crtx has proved to be more secure for applications in diagnosis, its potential for application in internal radiotherapy is lower than that of 131I-SPGP. Both 131I-Crtx and 131I-SPGP, proved to be good prototypes for the development of radiopharmaceuticals. This study indicates that is necessary the synthesis of analogues with lower uptake in healthy organs and a higher tumor uptake, as well as pharmaceutical formulations, using nanotechnology, such as liposomes, nano-materials for controlled release of drugs.
VIALA, VINCENT L. "Análise combinada do transcriptoma de glândula de veneno e do proteoma do veneno da espécie pseudonaja textilis (Elapidae: Serpentes)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10630.
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
FAPESP:09/10305-8
West, Duncan J. "Neuroactive secretions from the marine snails Nucella lapillus and Neptunea antiqua : a biochemical and pharmacological study." Thesis, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262832.
Full textGomes, Paulo César [UNESP]. "Identificação, purificação e determinação da estrutura e função de componentes de baixas massas moleculares do do veneno da aranha Phoneutria nigriventer (Araneae; Ctenidae)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100560.
Full textAs aranhas do gênero Phoneutria (Aranae, Ctenidae) são comumente conhecidas como aranha armadeira ou aranha da banana, devido à posição de ataque/defesa que elas assumem contra uma presa/competidor e devido sua alta incidência nas plantações de bananas. Estas aranhas são solitárias, errantes (não constroem teias), muito agressivas e responsáveis por muitos casos graves de acidentes por envenenamento e de morte registrados. Estas aranhas são amplamente distribuídas nas regiões temperadas da América do Sul, com várias espécies já descritas. A espécie Phoneutria nigriventer é mais comum nas regiões centroeste e sudeste do Brasil. Um grande número de neurotoxinas tem sido purificado de venenos de aranhas do gênero Phoneutria. No entanto, as neurotoxinas não – protéicas de baixa massa molecular precisam ser isoladas e caracterizadas estrutural e funcionalmente. Essas toxinas são de potencial interesse na neuroquímica como ferramentas para investigações do sistema nervoso. O objetivo do presente estudo foi a caracterização estrutural e funcional da Nigriventrina, uma nova neurotoxina não-protéica de baixa massa molecular, isolada da fração hidrofílica do veneno da aranha Phoneutria nigriventer por (RPHPLC) sob gradiente de acetonitrila. A elucidação estrutural foi realizada com HRESIMS, ESI-MS, ESI-MS/MS e espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear 1D e 2D. A toxina apresentou massa molecular de 422Da (C12H14N4O13) e foi caracterizada como hidrazil-dioxopiperidina. A caracterização biológica foi realizada pela aplicação icv da Nigriventrina em cérebro de rato, seguido pelo acompanhamento da expressão da proteína Fos e dupla marcação imunoistoquímica. Todos os neurônios duplamente marcados foram associados ao receptor ionotrópico de glutamato NMDA (N-metil-D-aspartato), subtipo NMDA-NR1. A Nigriventrina apresentou afinidade...
The spiders of the genus Phoneutria (Aranae, Ctenidae) are commonly known as “armed spider” or “banana spider”, because of the attack–defense position that they assume against a prey/competitor and their high incidence in banana plantations. These spiders are solitary, wandering (no web), very aggressive, responsible for many cases of severe envenomation and recorded mortality. These spiders are widely distributed in the warm regions of South America, and several species have been described. The Phoneutria nigriventer are the most common in central and south-eastern regions of Brazil. A large number of neurotoxins have been purified from the venoms of Phoneutria spiders. However, the non-proteic low molecular mass neurotoxins must be isolated and structural and functionally characterized. These toxins have an interesting potential in neurochemistry as tools for investigations of nervous system. The objective of the present study was the structural and functional characterization of “Nigriventrine”, a novel non-proteic low molecular mass neurotoxin, isolated from the hydrophilic fraction of Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom by (RP-HPLC) under gradient of acetonitrile. The structural elucidation was carried out with HRESIMS, ESI-MS, ESI-MS/MS and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1D and 2D spectroscopy. The toxin presented molecular mass of 422Da (C12H14N4O13) and was characterized as hydroxyl-hydrazyl-dioxopiperidine. The biological characterization was performed by the i.c.v application of nigriventrine in rat brain, followed by the monitoring of the expression of Fos protein and doublelabeling immunohistochemistry. All doubly labeled neurons were associated to Nmethyl- D- aspartate/subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDA-NR1). The nigriventrine presented affinity mainly to cortical regions, which are linked to perceptions and the voluntary muscles control of the animals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mellor, Ian R. "The biophysics of peptide ion channels." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335759.
Full textGomes, Paulo César. "Identificação, purificação e determinação da estrutura e função de componentes de baixas massas moleculares do do veneno da aranha Phoneutria nigriventer (Araneae; Ctenidae) /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100560.
Full textAbstract: The spiders of the genus Phoneutria (Aranae, Ctenidae) are commonly known as "armed spider" or "banana spider", because of the attack-defense position that they assume against a prey/competitor and their high incidence in banana plantations. These spiders are solitary, wandering (no web), very aggressive, responsible for many cases of severe envenomation and recorded mortality. These spiders are widely distributed in the warm regions of South America, and several species have been described. The Phoneutria nigriventer are the most common in central and south-eastern regions of Brazil. A large number of neurotoxins have been purified from the venoms of Phoneutria spiders. However, the non-proteic low molecular mass neurotoxins must be isolated and structural and functionally characterized. These toxins have an interesting potential in neurochemistry as tools for investigations of nervous system. The objective of the present study was the structural and functional characterization of "Nigriventrine", a novel non-proteic low molecular mass neurotoxin, isolated from the hydrophilic fraction of Phoneutria nigriventer spider venom by (RP-HPLC) under gradient of acetonitrile. The structural elucidation was carried out with HRESIMS, ESI-MS, ESI-MS/MS and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance 1D and 2D spectroscopy. The toxin presented molecular mass of 422Da (C12H14N4O13) and was characterized as hydroxyl-hydrazyl-dioxopiperidine. The biological characterization was performed by the i.c.v application of nigriventrine in rat brain, followed by the monitoring of the expression of Fos protein and doublelabeling immunohistochemistry. All doubly labeled neurons were associated to Nmethyl- D- aspartate/subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptor (NMDA-NR1). The nigriventrine presented affinity mainly to cortical regions, which are linked to perceptions and the voluntary muscles control of the animals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Mario Sergio Palma
Coorientador: Marta do Nascimento Cordeiro
Banca: Michael Richardson
Banca: Yara Curi
Banca: Claudio Francisco Tormena
Banca: Roberta Cornelio Ferreira Nocelli
Doutor
CAMPOS, LUCELIA de A. "Isolamento e caracterização da delta toxina do veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11452.
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Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
SILVA, JOSE A. A. da. "Aspectos de atividade biologica da giroxina (enzima trombina simile) isolada do veneno da cascavel brasileira, Crotalus durissus terrificus." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2004. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11191.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Soprani, Juliana. "Identificação do efeito antitumoral de um polipeptídeo isolado da peçonha do peixe-escorpião Scorpaena plumieri e avaliação do seu potencial uso no diagnóstico de tumores." CNEN - Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear, Belo Horizonte, 2008. http://www.bdtd.cdtn.br//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=93.
Full textCancer has killed millions of people worldwide. Despite the increasing knowledge about the molecular basis of tumor development, few advances have been reached in clinical therapy and diagnoses, which shows the importance of new drugs development for therapeutic and diagnosis purpose. Venomous creatures have been studied as potential sources of pharmacological agents and physiological tools. A lot of work has been done about biological activity of terrestrial animals, but comparatively less research has been undertaken on venomous marine creature, particularly fish, which means that marine toxins represent a vast and unexplored source of novel molecules with therapeutical potential. In this work, the scorpionfish Scorpaena plumieri crude venom (SPB) and a gelatinolytic protease purified from this venom (SPGP) were evaluated for their applicability for in vivo tumor detection. In vitro results showed that both, SPB and SPGP, possess a powerful antitumor effects on p53-wild-type glioblastoma cells (LD50= 3,90,98μg/mL and 8,00x10-122,94x10-12M, respectively) and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells (LD50=14,052,95μg/mL and 1,22x10-116,56x10-12M, respectively). P53- mutant glioblastoma cells were more resistant to both, SPB and SPGP treatment (LD50 > 125μg/mL and LD50 > 1,39x10-9M, respectively). The morphological changes observed in the cell lines treated with SPB and SPGP, and the data of DAPI staining, indicate that the antitumor effect of these substances occurs via apoptosis. Radioactive probes of SPB ([99mTc] SPB) and SPGP ([125I] SPGP) with high specific activity and high radiochemical purity were synthesized. Data of biodistribution studies, performed by intravenous injections in Swiss mice bearing Ehrlich carcinoma cells, showed that SPB has poor uptake in tumor region. On the other hand, SPGP had a substantial uptake in tumor at all analyzed times. Intratumoral administration of [125I]SPGP increased its uptake by the tumoral region and substantially reduced the uptake by other organs. Biodistribution studies in animals with edema confirmed that SPGP presents longer residence time in tumoral region than into inflammation site. Hematologic and histopathologic studies showed that SPB and SPGP did not present acute toxicity, even at concentrations ten times higher than those used in biodistribution studies. These results indicate the potential of SPGP as template for the development of new drugs and radiopharmaceuticals for tumors diagnosis and therapy.
Johnson, Stephen Roy. "A Biochemical And Pharmacological Characterization Of A Novel Neuroactive Peptide From The Neotropical Hunting Ant Dinoponera Australis." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1879010761&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text"Department of Pharmacology." Keywords: Peptides, Toxins, Venom, Neuroactive peptide, Neurotoxins. Includes bibliographical references (p. 200-210). Also available online.
SILVA, JOSE A. A. da. "Medicao dos receptores ativados por proteases (PARs) em atividades biologicas da giroxina." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2009. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9493.
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
PAULA, REGINA A. de. "Obtencao e avaliacao de anticorpos induzidos por veneno crotalico ou crotoxina irradiados em fonte de sup60Co." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1995. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10454.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
COSTA, TANIA A. da. "Efeitos da radiacao ionizante na crotamina do veneno de Crotalus durissus terrificus." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1988. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/9884.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Rengifo, Ibanez Maria Camila. "Bioinformatic design of venom toxin-specific antivenom to improve the treatment of snakebite in Africa." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/16453/.
Full textRamos, Anderson Daniel. "Caracterização bioquímica e biológica de toxinas presentes na peçonha e no muco do bagre Cathorops spixii." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-22122009-104551/.
Full textOf the venomous fish found in Brazil, catfish noteworthy for the number of accidents they cause. The objective of this study was to characterize the toxic compounds present in the venom and mucus. We obtained an average protein intake of 3,1 mg / mL (venom) and 1,4 mg / mL (mucus). The electrophoretic profile of venom and mucus has a few protein bands. Fractionation isolated 11 fractions to the venom and 13 fractions to the mucus. With respect to biological activities evaluated, the peptide fractions induced tissue damage while the protein fractions induced inflammation. We isolated two fractions with antimicrobial activity for each sample. We isolated a toxin of 65,1 kDa which shows homology with Wap65 and intravital microscopy analysis revealed that this protein causes an increase in leukocyte rolling as well as the presence of leukocytes adhered to the endothelium. Our results indicate a difference between the peptide and protein components of mucus and venom. Finally, we isolate and characterize the protein Wap65 from the venom of this fish.
Moreira, Vanessa. "Efeitos de toxinas com estrutura de fosfolipase A2, isoladas do veneno de Bothrops asper e Crotalus durissus terrificus, e dos respectivos venenos, sobre a expressão de ciclooxigenases e produção de prostaglandinas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42136/tde-07112007-150546/.
Full textAction of the phospholipase A2 (PLA22): myotoxins (MTs) -II and -III, from Bothrops asper (BaV) and CB2, from Crotalus durissus terrificus (CdtV) and these venoms on cyclooxygenases (COXs) and synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) E2 and D2 were studied in vivo and in vitro. Intraperitoneal injection of sPLA22s and BaV but not CdtV released PGD2 and PGE2. MTs and BaV but neither CB2 nor CdtV induced expression of COX-2 by leukocytes. Release of PGs and expression of COX-2 occurred in vitro after incubation of macrophages (M?s) with PLA2 and neutrophils (N?) and M?s with BaV. CB2 induced only PGs release. Inhibition of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2), reduced PG levels caused by MTs, but not by CB2 while did not affect MTs-induced COX-2 expression. Involvement of NF-kB in COX-2 was showed using with inhibitors. In conclusion MTs, CB2 and BaV stimulate the synthesis of PGs in vivo and in vitro and MTs and BaV, but not CB2, induce COX-2 expression. VCdt does not affect these parameters. Effect of MTs on COX-2 is mediated by NF-kB, and on PGs by cPLA2. Effects of CB2 on PGs are independent of cPLA2 and OX-2. Since MT-II lacks catalytic activity the PLA2 activity per se is not relevant for activation of this cascade.
NASCIMENTO, NANCI do. "Estudo comparativo entre crotoxina nativa e irradiada .Aspectos bioquimicos e farmacologicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1990. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10255.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
CLISSA, PATRICIA B. "Otimizacao da atenuacao da toxidade do veneno crotalico irradiado e estudo de suas propriedades imunologicas." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1997. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10490.
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
Okamoto, Cinthya Kimori. "Análise do papel do sistema complemento na injúria a células renais causada pelo veneno da aranha Loxosceles." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-01062012-092152/.
Full textEnvenomation by Loxosceles spider can result two forms of clinical manifestations: cutaneous and systemic loxoscelism. Haemolysis, platelet aggregation, inflammation persistent, renal failure and death can be observed in patients with systemic manifestations. Despite the low incidence of renal failure victims, this is the main cause of death, occurring mainly in children. The sphingomyelinase D is the main factor in Loxosceles spider venom responsible for local and systemic manifestations This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of the L. intermedia venom and SMase D on human kidney cells and the possible involvement of endogenous metalloproteinases and complement this process. Results showed that venom and SMase D were able to cause cell death, which was related to activation of extracellular matrix metalloproteases, MMP-2 and MMP-9 and also by lytic action of complement, after MCP cleavage by the action of the family of metalloproteases adamlisins. The removal of MCP, by action of the venom/ SMase D, allowes activation of complement, as determined by increases deposition of C3 and C4 and cell death. There was also an increases in deposition of properdin and factor H, but not C4bp, after treatment of cells with venom/ SMase D. decreased expression of surface molecules MHC-I, b2 microglobulin, EPCR and EGFR was observed after incubation of the renal cells with venom or SMase D and is related to activation of metalloproteinases family adamlisins. The expression of others complement regulators such as DAF and CD59 was not affected by treatment. Together, theses results show that the venom and SMase D induce increased expression/ activation of endogenous metalloproteases, operating in the event of cell death by apoptosis and necrosis, which may have an important role for the kidney injury loxoscelism in the human system.
Gremski, Luiza Helena [UNIFESP]. "Análise do transcriptoma da glândula produtora de veneno de Loxosceles intermedia (aranha marrom): perfil de expressão e identificação de novas toxinas." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2010. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8930.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Aranhas do gênero Loxosceles, são responsáveis por acidentes em todo o mundo, com grande importância clínica no Sul do Brasil. Os venenos destas aranhas são compostos por diversas toxinas, entre elas proteínas, responsáveis pelo quadro conhecido como loxoscelismo. No intuito de descrever o perfil transcricional da glândula produtora de veneno da aranha Loxosceles intermedia geramos uma biblioteca de cDNA bastante ampla e seus transcritos foram funcionalmente caracterizados. Após o processamento inicial das sequências, 1.843 ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) apresentavam qualidade suficiente para as análises posteriores. Estas sequências foram montadas em 538 clusters, sendo que 281 eram singletons. Após análises de similaridade, mais de 50% das ESTs demonstraram algum grau de semelhança com proteínas conhecidas. As análises de similaridade também demonstraram que os transcritos que codificavam para toxinas, perfaziam 43% de todas as sequências e abrangem uma parte significativa das ESTs. As toxinas mais frequentes foram anotadas como pertencentes à família LiTx de toxinas inseticidas. As fosfolipases-D e as metaloproteases semelhantes à astacinas perfazem, cada uma, cerca de 9% do total de transcritos. Componentes tóxicos tais como inibidores de serino-proteases, hialuronidase e proteínas alergênicas foram também identificadas, porém com menor representação. Quase 10% das ESTs codificam para proteínas envolvidas em processos celulares. O presente trabalho descreve também as etapas para clonagem, expressão heteróloga e purificação de um transcrito semelhante a um inibidor de serino-protease, identificado na biblioteca de cDNA. É sabido que proteínas desta família apresentam um grande potencial de aplicação como drogas antitrombóticas, atuando como agentes terapêuticos que influenciam a atividade de fatores de coagulação. Esses dados fornecem uma visão global do perfil de expressão da glândula de veneno de L. intermedia, revelam diferenças significantes entre venenos de aranhas do gênero Loxosceles e descrevem a produção de uma nova toxina recombinante.
Loxosceles genus spiders are responsible for accidents all over the world and have clinical importance in the South of Brazil. The venom of these spiders is made up of several toxins, including proteins, which are responsible for the clinical pattern called loxoscelism. To describe the transcriptional profile of the L. intermedia venom gland, we generated a wide cDNA library, and its transcripts were functionally and structurally analyzed. After initial analyses, 1,843 ESTs produced readable sequences that were grouped into 538 clusters, 281 of which were singletons. Nine hundred eighty-five reads (53% of total ESTs) matched to known proteins. Similarity searches showed that toxinencoding transcripts totalize 43% of the total library and comprise a great number of ESTs. The most frequent toxins were from the LiTx family, which are known for their insecticidal activity. Both phospholipase-D and astacin-like metalloproteases toxins account for approximately 9% of total transcripts. Toxins components such as serine proteases, hyaluronidases and venom allergens were also found but with minor representation. Almost 10% of the ESTs encode for proteins involved in cellular processes. This work also describes the stages for cloning, heterologous expression and purification of a cDNA similar to a protease inhibitor identified in the cDNA library. It is known that proteins belonging to this family have an application potential as antithrombotic drugs, acting as therapeutic agents that influences the activity of coagulation factors. These data provide an important overview of the L. intermedia venom gland expression scenario, revealed significant differences from profiles of other spiders from the Loxosceles genus and describe the production of a novel recombinant toxin.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
OLIVEIRA, KARINA C. de. "Caracterização bioquímica e farmacológica da crotamina irradiada por raios gama de Co-60." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2014. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/23695.
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Tese (Doutorado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
MAGALHAES, FILHO ASTERIO S. "Avaliação da função renal pelo Clearance de Creatinina, dos pacientes vítimas de acidente ofídico no Hospital de Referência de Porto Nacional Tocantins (2013-2014)." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2015. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/26085.
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Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP