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1

Chappell, Stephen, Gary M. Vilke, Theodore C. Chan, Richard A. Harrigan, and Jacob W. Ufberg. "Peripheral venous cutdown." Journal of Emergency Medicine 31, no. 4 (November 2006): 411–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2006.05.026.

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2

Furman, Seymour. "Venous Cutdown for Pacemaker Implantation." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 41, no. 4 (April 1986): 438–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(10)62705-1.

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3

Taghizadeh, Reika, and Philip M. Gilbert. "Long saphenous venous cutdown revisited." Burns 32, no. 2 (March 2006): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.burns.2005.10.022.

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4

Tsukiyamam, Naofumi, Manabu Shimomura, Kazuhiro Toyota, Nozomi Karakuchi, Kosuke Ono, Masayuki Shishida, Koichi Oishi, et al. "Surgical Venous Cutdown for the Insertion of Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices." International Surgery 103, no. 7-8 (July 1, 2018): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-18-00030.1.

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Purpose: Stable insertion of totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) is mandatory for the administration of chemotherapy and parenteral nutrition. Subclavian venipuncture is the most popular route; however, perioperative complications occur in up to 12% of patients. We inserted TIVADs by surgical venous cutdown of the cephalic vein at the deltopectoral groove with the intention of a safe and stable implantation. Methods: We implanted TIVADs in 318 consecutive patients (331 cases) from January 2011 to December 2015. We retrospectively analyzed short- and long-term treatment outcomes and risk factors for primary failure of implantation and removal due to catheter-related complications. Results: The aim of implantation was chemotherapy in 198 cases, nutrition in 92 cases, and frequent intravenous drip in 41 case. Surgical venous cutdown was performed in 321 of 331 cases (97%); primary failure occurred in 42 cases (13.1%). Short-term complications occurred in 4 cases (1.2%), and there were no serious complications, such as pneumothorax. In the analysis of risk factors for primary failure, aim of implantation (chemotherapy versus nutrition versus frequent intravenous drip) was the only risk factor (P = 0.02). Removals occurred in 35 cases (11.5%). In the analysis of risk factors for removal due to complications, presence of infectious disease was identified as the only significant risk factor (P < 0.001). Conclusions: We confirmed the safety and efficacy of the cutdown method and clarified the risk factors for primary failure and removal. The cutdown method was safe and was not associated with serious complications; however, selective implantation was needed to achieve a high success rate.
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Akinsorotan, Gbenga Muyiwa, Samuel Uwale Eyesan, Dike Chijoke Obalum, Joseph Chinedum Itie, Chukwudi Benjamin Aroh, and Afolabi Benjamin Abiodun. "Billateral Femoral Osteomyelitis Following Venous Cutdown." Open Journal of Orthopedics 03, no. 07 (2013): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojo.2013.37056.

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6

Ameh, Emmanuel A., Sale Y. Sabo, and Ilyasu Muhammad. "Improvised Cannulae for Peripheral Venous Cutdown." Tropical Doctor 27, no. 3 (July 1997): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947559702700318.

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7

Spencer Netto, Fernando Antônio Campelo, Mariana Thalyta Bertolin Silva, Michael de Mello Constantino, Raphael Flávio Fachini Cipriani, and Michel Cardoso. "Educational project: low cost porcine model for venous cutdown training." Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões 44, no. 5 (October 2017): 545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912017005017.

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ABSTRACT Objective: to describe and evaluate the acceptance of a porcine experimental model in venous cutdown on a medical education project in Southwest of Brazil. Method: a porcine experimental model was developed for training in venous cutdown as a teaching project. Medical students and resident physicians received theoretical training in this surgical technique and then practiced it on the model. After performing the procedure, participants completed a questionnaire on the proposed model. This study presents the model and analyzes the questionnaire responses. Results: the study included 69 participants who used and evaluated the model. The overall quality of the porcine model was estimated at 9.16 while the anatomical correlation between this and human anatomy received a mean score of 8.07. The model was approved and considered useful in the teaching of venous cutdown. Conclusions: venous dissection training in porcine model showed good acceptance among medical students and residents of this institution. This simple and easy to assemble model has potential as an educational tool for its resemblance to the human anatomy and low cost.
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8

Godoy, José Luiz de, Edson Keity Otta, Ricardo Atsumori Miyazaki, Marco Antonio Bitencourt, and Ricardo Pasquini. "Central venous access through the external jugular vein in children submitted to bone marrow transplantation." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 1 (January 2005): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000100007.

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Establishment of long-term central venous access is a sine qua non step for bone marrow transplantation in children. Most frequently, long-term central venous access has been obtained via blind percutaneous cannulation of subclavian and internal jugular veins or via internal jugular vein cutdown. In order to avoid some potential minor and major complications associated with the subclavian or internal jugular approaches, the authors describe an easy, simple and safe method for central venous access through an external jugular vein cutdown that should be of interest to readers involved in the field of bone marrow transplantation. It should be also considered for children as well as adults needing central venous access via an external catheter - or totally implantable port - for reasons other than bone marrow transplantation, such as total parenteral nutrition and administration of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Shrestha, Gentle Sunder, Binita Acharya, and Sushil Tamang. "Transillumination of palm for peripheral intravenous cannulation in an infant with difficult venous access." Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 31–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jsan.v2i1.13556.

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Establishing venous access can be technically difficult in paediatric patients. Alternatives to intravenous access like central venous cannulation or venous cutdown carry a higher risk of complications. We report a case of successful intravenous access in an infant with anticipated difficulty, by performing transillumination of palm using a torch light.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(1): 31-33
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10

Lee, Eunhye, and Suk-Bae Moon. "Simple Formula to Place Central Venous Catheter Tip at T6 After Surgical Cutdown in Neonates." International Surgery 100, no. 11-12 (November 1, 2015): 1424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00032.1.

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The objective of this paper was to develop a generally applicable formula to estimate correct catheter length after surgical cutdown in right internal jugular vein (RIJV) in neonates. The carina has been utilized as an anatomic landmark indicating superior vena cava-right atrium junction (SVC-RA) for the optimal placement of the central venous catheter (CVC) tip position. However, this landmark may not be accurate in neonates. Recent researches noted that the sixth vertebral body (T6) could better serve as a new landmark of SVC-RA in neonates and smaller children. We prospectively performed RIJV cutdown. For a controlled and reproducible surgical procedure, the venous entry site was consistently taken as the point where the omohyoid muscle crosses the RIJV. On intraoperative infantogram, the vertical distance between the venous entry site and T6 was measured and the catheter was inserted to this length. A linear regression model was investigated using the following variables to elicit the best prediction model for catheter length: gestational age, postconceptional age, birth weight, and weight at operation. Weight at operation best correlated with the measured CVC length (R2 = 0.916, P = 0.00), and the following linear equation was derived: estimated CVC length (mm) = 9 × [weight at operation (Kg)] + 30. There was no statistically significant difference between measured and estimated CVC length. With this formula, the optimal catheter length could easily be estimated when considering RIJV cutdown.
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11

Shockley, Lee W., and Douglas J. Butzier. "A modified wire-guided technique for venous cutdown access." Annals of Emergency Medicine 19, no. 4 (April 1990): 393–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)82344-3.

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12

Iorio, Olga, Sergio Gazzanelli, Giuseppe D'ermo, Angela Pezzolla, Angela Gurrado, Mario Testini, Giorgio De Toma, and Giuseppe Cavallaro. "A Prospective, Comparative Evaluation on Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices by External Jugular Vein versus Cephalic Vein Cutdown." American Surgeon 84, no. 6 (June 2018): 841–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481808400629.

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The request for totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) has rapidly grown up through the last decades. TIVADs are implanted by direct vein puncture or by surgical approach with vein cutdown. The authors present a comparative prospective study evaluating external jugular vein (EJV) and cephalic vein cutdown techniques. Two hundred and fifteen patients were consecutively submitted to TIVAD implantation to perform chemotherapy. Patients were divided in two groups, depending on the implantation technique. Group A patients (106) underwent implantation via EJV cutdown and group B (109) patients underwent implantation by cephalic vein cut-down. The following variables were investigated: operating time, need for conversion to other approaches, complications, and intraoperative and postoperative pain. In Group A patients, the success rate of the procedure was 100 per cent, whereas in 11 patients (10.1%) of Group B, a modification of the initial approach was needed. Mean operative time was 23.9 ± 9.2 minutes in Group A and 35.4 ± 11.9 in Group B, and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Complication rates at 30 days were similar. Considering intraoperative pain, a difference was found between the two groups because the mean value of pain in Group Awas lower than that in Group B (4.13 ± 0.3 vs 5.22 ± 1.24), even if not significant. External jugular vein cutdown approach is quick and safe and allows a very high success rate with very low risk of complications. For these reasons, this approach could be considered as a first choice in TIVAD placement.
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13

Barsamyan, Sergey, and Kim Rajappan. "Central Venous Access Techniques for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices." European Journal of Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology 4, no. 2 (2018): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/ejae.2018.4.2.66.

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The implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices remains one of the core skills for a cardiologist. This article aims to provide beginners with a practical ‘how to’ guide to the first half of the implantation procedure – central venous access. Comparative descriptions of cephalic cutdown technique, conventional subclavian, extrathoracic subclavian and axillary venous punctures are provided, with tips for technique selection and troubleshooting.
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14

Han, Seok Joo, Seung Hoon Choi, and Eui Ho Hwang. "A Safe Method of Central Venous Catheterization by Peripheral Venous Cutdown in Infants." Journal of the Korean Association of Pediatric Surgeons 1, no. 1 (1995): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.13029/jkaps.1995.1.1.46.

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15

DeVito, Peter, Ali Kimyaghalam, Sameh Shoukry, Robert DeVito, John Williams, Eashaa Kumar, and Eugene Vitvitsky. "Comparing and Correlating Outcomes between Open and Percutaneous Access in Endovascular Aneurysm Repair in Aortic Aneurysms Using a Retrospective Cohort Study Design." International Journal of Vascular Medicine 2020 (November 27, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8823039.

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Objective. This retrospective cohort study is aimed at determining the safety and efficacy between Femoral Open-Cutdown access and Percutaneous access with Endovascular Aneurysm Repair (EVAR) by contrasting perioperative complication rates. We hypothesized that the percutaneous approach is a better alternative for aortic aneurysm patients as it is minimally invasive and has been demonstrated to decrease the length of hospital stay. Methods. We retrospectively reviewed data for patients undergoing EVAR between the years of 2005 and 2013. We then compared overall mortality, hematoma or seroma formation, graft infection, arterio-venous injury, distal embolization, limb loss, myocardial infarction or arrhythmia, and renal dysfunction. Results were demonstrated using a retrospective cohort study design to confirm the hematoma rate associated with EVAR open compared to percutaneous access. Results. Our series involves 73 patients who underwent percutaneous access for EVAR ( n = 49 ) or traditional open cutdown ( n = 24 ). Percutaneous access resulted in significantly less hematoma formation when compared to the traditional open cutdown (4% vs. 12.5%; p < 0.059 ). Our analysis suggests decreased mortality rates associated with EVAR as compared to the Open-Cutdown method using Northside Medical Center’s Study and the OVER Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study ( p = 0.0053 ). Conclusion. Percutaneous access for EVAR is safe and effective when compared to Open-Cutdown access for aortic aneurysm patients. Percutaneous access was associated with decreased rates of in-hospital mortality, hematoma formation, graft infection, and respiratory failure.
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16

Rhee, Kenneth J., Robert W. Derlet, and Sandra L. Beal. "Rapid venous access using saphenous vein cutdown at the ankle." American Journal of Emergency Medicine 7, no. 3 (May 1989): 263–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-6757(89)90166-6.

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17

Povoski, S. P. "Cephalic Vein Cutdown Approach for Long-term Indwelling Central Venous Access." Archives of Surgery 137, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 746—a—747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.137.6.746-a.

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18

van Lonkhuijzen, Luc, Jos van Roosmalen, and Gerda Zeeman. "Low-cost simulation models for teaching episiotomy/laceration repair and venous cutdown." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 112, no. 3 (January 17, 2011): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.11.004.

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19

Daou, Badih, Nohra Chalouhi, Kim Williams, Adam Polifka, Pascal Jabbour, Robert H. Rosenwasser, and Stavropoula I. Tjoumakaris. "An Unusual Case of an Ethmoidal Arteriovenous Fistula Draining Into the Superior Ophthalmic Vein: Technical Case Report." Operative Neurosurgery 11, no. 4 (August 6, 2015): E579—E584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000932.

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Abstract BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE Ethmoidal arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) are uncommon and are characterized by an aggressive clinical course. Typical venous drainage is into the frontal cortical veins. We present the case of a 76-year-old male patient who was found to have a right ethmoidal AVF draining directly into the superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), with no cavernous sinus involvement and an associated SOV aneurysm and was successfully treated using surgical cutdown of the SOV followed by endovascular embolization. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 76-year-old man presented with chemosis, proptosis, and lid lag with occasional diplopia. Based on the clinical presentation, there was a suspicion of a carotid cavernous fistula. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a right ethmoidal to SOV fistula, without any involvement of the cavernous sinus, and a SOV aneurysm. Transarterial embolization of the fistula was attempted but was unsuccessful. An SOV approach was performed using SOV cutdown followed by endovascular embolization of the fistula from a transocular route using coils and Onyx embolic agent. There was complete obliteration of the fistula and associated venous aneurysm. The patient had a remarkable recovery. CONCLUSION In rare cases, ethmoidal AVFs can present with an unusual venous drainage. Clinical presentation may be similar to carotid cavernous fistulae, and proper identification of the lesion using an angiogram is essential to guide treatment. In cases in which other approaches fail to treat the fistula, direct surgical exposure of the SOV followed by embolization using coiling and Onyx may be successful in achieving AVF occlusion.
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20

Nocito, A., S. Wildi, K. Rufibach, P. A. Clavien, and M. Weber. "Randomized clinical trial comparing venous cutdown with the Seldinger technique for placement of implantable venous access ports." British Journal of Surgery 96, no. 10 (October 2009): 1129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6730.

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Hong, Sung-Min, Hyeon-Soo Lee, and Suk-Bae Moon. "Central venous cutdown in neonates: Feasibility as a bedside procedure without general anesthesia." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 48, no. 8 (August 2013): 1722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.09.047.

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22

Straff, D., and J. Sperling. "Venous Cutdown Lab: An Inexpensive Yet Realistic Model For Teaching The Clinical Procedure." Academic Emergency Medicine 14, no. 5 Supplement 1 (May 1, 2007): S217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2007.03.1333.

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23

Craig, Simon S., Marc Auerbach, John Alexander Cheek, Franz E. Babl, Ed Oakley, Lucia Nguyen, Arjun Rao, et al. "Preferred learning modalities and practice for critical skills: a global survey of paediatric emergency medicine clinicians." Emergency Medicine Journal 36, no. 5 (October 16, 2018): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emermed-2017-207384.

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ObjectiveTo describe senior paediatric emergency clinician perspectives on the optimal frequency of and preferred modalities for practising critical paediatric procedures.MethodsMulticentre multicountry cross-sectional survey of senior paediatric emergency clinicians working in 96 EDs affiliated with the Pediatric Emergency Research Network.Results1332/2446 (54%) clinicians provided information on suggested frequency of practice and preferred learning modalities for 18 critical procedures. Yearly practice was recommended for six procedures (bag valve mask ventilation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), endotracheal intubation, laryngeal mask airway insertion, defibrillation/direct current (DC) cardioversion and intraosseous needle insertion) by at least 80% of respondents. 16 procedures were recommended for yearly practice by at least 50% of respondents. Two procedures (venous cutdown and ED thoracotomy) had yearly practice recommended by <40% of respondents. Simulation was the preferred learning modality for CPR, bag valve mask ventilation, DC cardioversion and transcutaneous pacing. Practice in alternative clinical settings (eg, the operating room) was the preferred learning modality for endotracheal intubation and laryngeal mask insertion. Use of models/mannequins for isolated procedural training was the preferred learning modality for all other invasive procedures. Free-text responses suggested the utility of cadaver labs and animal labs for more invasive procedures (thoracotomy, intercostal catheter insertion, open surgical airways, venous cutdown and pericardiocentesis).ConclusionsPaediatric ED clinicians suggest that most paediatric critical procedures should be practised at least annually. The preferred learning modality depends on the skill practised; alternative clinical settings are thought to be most useful for standard airway manoeuvres, while simulation-based experiential learning is applicable for most other procedures.
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Mehta, Nikhil, Sanjay M. Desai, Vinod Dhakad, Dhruv Patel, and Elroy Saldanha. "External Jugular Cutdown Technique for Totally Implantable Venous Access Devices: a Single-Centre Study." Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology 11, no. 3 (June 5, 2020): 418–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13193-020-01103-9.

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Staszewicz, Wojciech, Surrenaido P. Naiken, André Mennet, Jeremy Meyer, Marc Righini, Philippe Morel, and Christian Toso. "Ultrasound-based prediction of cephalic vein cutdown success prior to totally implantable venous access device placement." Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 7, no. 6 (November 2019): 865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2019.07.004.

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26

Orci, L. A., R. P. H. Meier, P. Morel, W. Staszewicz, and C. Toso. "Systematic review and meta-analysis of percutaneous subclavian vein punctureversussurgical venous cutdown for the insertion of a totally implantable venous access device." British Journal of Surgery 101, no. 2 (November 26, 2013): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.9276.

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27

Elhammady, Mohamed Samy, Eric C. Peterson, and Mohammad Ali Aziz-Sultan. "Onyx embolization of a carotid cavernous fistula via direct transorbital puncture." Journal of Neurosurgery 114, no. 1 (January 2011): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.1.jns091433.

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The treatment of indirect carotid cavernous fistulas (CCFs) is challenging and primarily accomplished by endovascular means utilizing a variety of embolic agents. Transvenous access to the cavernous sinus is the preferred method of embolizaiton of indirect CCFs as they are frequently associated with numerous small-caliber meningeal branches. Although the inferior petrosal sinus is the simplest, shortest, and most commonly used venous route to the cavernous sinus, the superior ophthalmic vein, superior petrosal sinus, basilar plexus, and pterygoid plexus present other endovenous options. Occasionally, however, use of these venous routes may not be possible due to vessel tortuosity or sinus thrombosis and occlusion. The authors report a case of an indirect CCF that could not be treated endovascularly due to inability to access the cavernous sinus via a transfemoral transvenous approach. Angiography revealed a small, deeply located superior ophthalmic vein that was thought to be suboptimal for a direct cutdown. The cavernous sinus was cannulated directly via a transorbital approach using fluoroscopic guidance with a 3D skull reconstruction overlay. The fistula was subsequently obliterated using ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (Onyx). The technique and advantages of both 3D osseous reconstruction as well as Onyx embolization are discussed.
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28

Eddins, Julie, and S. Povoski. "External jugular vein cutdown approach for chronic indwelling central venous access in cancer patients: A potentially useful alternative." Journal of the Association for Vascular Access 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.2309/1552-8855-9.3.166a.

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29

Ein, Sigmund H. "Cephalic vein cutdown for totally implantable central venous port in children: A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 49, no. 7 (July 2014): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2014.05.006.

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30

Kim, Seongyup, Younglim Kim, and Suk-Bae Moon. "Histological changes of the unligated vein wall adjacent to the central venous catheter after open cutdown in rats." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 50, no. 11 (November 2015): 1928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2015.04.019.

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31

Jung, Kyu-Hwan, and Suk-Bae Moon. "Cephalic vein cutdown for totally implantable central venous port in children: a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data." Canadian Journal of Surgery 57, no. 1 (February 1, 2014): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1503/cjs.025512.

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32

Eastridge, B. J., and A. T. Lefor. "Complications of indwelling venous access devices in cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 13, no. 1 (January 1995): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.1995.13.1.233.

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PURPOSE We undertook this study to review our experience with indwelling vascular access devices in cancer patients to identify factors associated with complications. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 322 indwelling devices were placed in 274 cancer patients by a single surgeon. Devices were placed via percutaneous insertion in 72% (231 of 322) and via venous cutdown in 28% (91 of 322). We placed external catheters in 209 of 322 patients (65%) and subcutaneous infusion ports in 113 of 322 (35%). RESULTS Pneumothorax occurred in four of 231 (1.7%) of the percutaneously placed devices. Postoperative complications included sepsis and thrombosis, which necessitated premature removal of the devices. Device related sepsis occurred in 28 of 209 patients (13%) with catheters and six of 113 patients (5%) with subcutaneous ports. Thrombosis occurred in 21 of 209 patients (10%) with catheters and seven of 113 (6%) with subcutaneous ports. In 15 of 19 devices removed for thrombosis, the tip was above the T3 level. Seventeen devices were placed in the saphenous vein, with a complication rate similar to that observed in upper-body devices. CONCLUSION We found a significantly (P < .05, chi 2 analysis) increased incidence of thrombotic complications in patients with triple-lumen catheters (10 of 48) compared with double-lumen catheters (11 of 160), as well as a significantly (P < .05) decreased mean time until catheter failure (40 v 146 days). We also observed a significant increase in the rate of thrombosis in patients with a catheter tip above the T3 level. We therefore recommend the use of fluoroscopy at the time of placement to assure adequate catheter length and tip position and the use of triple-lumen catheters only when necessary for concurrent drug administration.
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Sarzo, Giacomo, Cristiano Finco, Paolo Parise, Silvia Savastano, Giuseppe Portale, Massimo Vecchiato, Stefano Degregori, and Stefano Merigliano. "Immediate and long-term complications of prolonged-venous-access devices (PVAD): A comparison between surgical cutdown and percutaneous techniques." International Journal of Angiology 13, no. 04 (April 27, 2011): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00547-004-1072-0.

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Royle, T. J., and M. X. Gannon. "Letter 1: Randomized clinical trial comparing venous cutdown with the Seldinger technique for placement of implantable venous access ports (Br J Surg 2009; 96: 1129-1134)." British Journal of Surgery 97, no. 2 (January 12, 2010): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6975.

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Bruijninckx, C. M. A. "Letter 2: Randomized clinical trial comparing venous cutdown with the Seldinger technique for placement of implantable venous access ports (Br J Surg 2009; 96: 1129-1134)." British Journal of Surgery 97, no. 2 (January 12, 2010): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6976.

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36

Clavien, P. A., M. Weber, and A. Nocito. "Authors' reply: Randomized clinical trial comparing venous cutdown with the Seldinger technique for placement of implantable venous access ports (Br J Surg 2009; 96: 1129-1134)." British Journal of Surgery 97, no. 2 (January 12, 2010): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.6977.

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37

Bestetti, Valentina, Roman Zeller, Anna S. Wenning, Kim T. Mouton, and Wolfgang G. Mouton. "Pneumothorax and Subclavian Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Venous Access Device Implantation." International Surgery 102, no. 7-8 (August 1, 2017): 382–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9738/intsurg-d-15-00019.1.

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The primary aim is to assess the length of hospitalization due to iatrogenic pneumothorax as a main complication of totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) implantation. Secondary aim is to analyze the thrombogenic effects of different catheter diameters on the subclavian vein. Pneumothorax is a rare and may be underestimated, underdocumented, but serious complication in TIVAD of implantation using the subclavian vein puncture method. A total of 1155 consecutive patients with TIVAD implantation were assessed retrospectively over a 14-year time period. As primary outcome the length of hospitalization due to iatrogenic pneumothorax and as secondary outcome subclavian vein thrombosis (SVT) in relation to different TIVAD catheter sizes were analyzed. Pneumothoraces occurred 6 times (0.52%) and only when the subclavian vein was punctured. The median hospitalization for these patients was 8 days (5 of the 6 patients needed a chest drain). No pneumothoraces occurred when a peripheral vein was used for access (980 patients). SVTs were detected in 13 patients (1.1%) without any correlation to the diameter of the catheter. There was no significant correlation detected between the different tumor types and the complication rates. Iatrogenic pneumothorax may lead to hospitalization of 1 week or more. The costs then increase with additional chests x-rays, chest drain insertions, and hospitalization days. When making the choice for surgical venous cutdown or subclavian vein puncture to implant TIVAD, the consequences of iatrogenic pneumothorax should be considered as pneumothorax is a rare but serious complication of TIVAD implantation inherent to subclavian vein puncture.
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38

Lenz, Harald, Kirsti Myre, Tomas Draegni, and Elizabeth Dorph. "A Five-Year Data Report of Long-Term Central Venous Catheters Focusing on Early Complications." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2019 (December 10, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6769506.

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Background. Long-term venous access has become the standard practice for the administration of chemotherapy, fluid therapy, antibiotics, and parenteral nutrition. The most commonly used methods are percutaneous puncture of the subclavian and internal jugular veins using the Seldinger technique or surgical cutdown of the cephalic vein. Methods. This study is based on a quality registry including all long-term central venous catheter insertion procedures performed in patients >18 years at our department during a five-year period. The following data were registered: demographic data, main diagnosis and indications for the procedure, preoperative blood samples, type of catheter, the venous access used, and the procedure time. In addition, procedural and early postoperative complications were registered: unsuccessful procedures, malpositioned catheters, pneumothorax, hematoma complications, infections, nerve injuries, and wound ruptures. The Seldinger technique using anatomical landmarks at the left subclavian vein was the preferred access. Fluoroscopy was not used. Results. One thousand one hundred and one procedures were performed. In eight (0.7%) cases, the insertion of a catheter was not possible, 23 (2.1%) catheters were incorrectly positioned, twelve (1.1%) patients developed pneumothorax, nine (0.8%) developed hematoma, and three (0.27%) developed infection postoperatively. One (0.1%) patient suffered nerve injury, which totally recovered. No wound ruptures were observed. Conclusions. We have a high success rate of first-attempt insertions compared with other published data, as well as an acceptable and low rate of pneumothorax, hematoma, and infections. However, the number of malpositioned catheters was relatively high. This could probably have been avoided with routine use of fluoroscopy during the procedure.
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39

Povoski, Stephen P. "A Prospective Analysis of the Cephalic Vein Cutdown Approach for Chronic Indwelling Central Venous Access in 100 Consecutive Cancer Patients." Annals of Surgical Oncology 7, no. 7 (August 2000): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10434-000-0496-9.

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40

Ettedgui, José A., F. Jay Fricker, Sang C. Park, Donald R. Fischer, Ralph D. Siewers, and Pedro J. del Nido. "Cardiac catheterization in children on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation." Cardiology in the Young 6, no. 1 (January 1996): 59–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100003267.

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SummaryThere are limited reports in the literature that address the unique issues related to cardiac catheterization on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Since 1990, cardiac catheterization has been performed on nine patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The median age was 10 months (range four days to 18 years) and the median weight was 4 kg (range 2.3–73.8 kg). The indications for catheterization were to relieve pulmonary edema in five patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction, and in one instance each, evaluation of probable anomalous left coronary artery, tetralogy of Fallot associated with a diaphragmatic hernia, possible pulmonary venous abnormalities, and postoperative evaluation after an arterial switch. Venous access was obtained through a preexisting femoral venous line in six patients, and through a cutdown of the saphenous or femoral vein in the other three. Interventional catheterization procedures were performed in six of the nine patients in this group. These consisted of blade atrial septostomy followed by balloon septostomy or dilation of the atrial septum in four patients, balloon septostomy alone in one, and placement of a catheter from the left atrium to the circuit used for extracorporeal oxygenation in another. A transseptal puncture was performed in five of them. Adequate decompression of the left atrium with relief of pulmonary edema was achieved in five patients. Six of the nine children in this group died, although there were no complications or deaths related to the catheterization. Children in cardiopulmonary failure on extracorporeal support represent a population at high risk. Diagnostic cardiac catheterization and atrial septostomy to decompress the left heart, when indicated, can be performed safely in such patients.
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41

Becker, Felix, Lennart A. Wurche, Martina Darscht, Andreas Pascher, and Benjamin Struecker. "Totally implantable venous access port insertion via open Seldinger approach of the internal jugular vein—a retrospective risk stratification of 500 consecutive patients." Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery 406, no. 3 (February 7, 2021): 903–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00423-021-02097-w.

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Abstract Purpose Modern oncological treatment algorithms require a central venous device in form of a totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP). While most commonly used techniques are surgical cutdown of the cephalic vein or percutaneous puncture of the subclavian vein, there are a relevant number of patients in which an additional strategy is needed. The aim of the current study is to present a surgical technique for TIVAP implantation via an open Seldinger approach of the internal jugular vein and to characterize risk factors, associated with primary failure as well as short- (< 30 days) and long-term (> 30 days) complications. Methods A total of 500 patients were included and followed up for 12 months. Demographic and intraoperative data and short- as well as long-term complications were extracted. Primary endpoint was TIVAP removal due to complication. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze associated risk factors. Results Surgery was primarily successful in all cases, while success was defined as functional (positive aspiration and infusion test) TIVAP which was implanted via open Seldinger approach of the jugular vein at the intended site. TIVAP removal due to complications during the 1st year occurred in 28 cases (5.6%) while a total of 4 (0.8%) intraoperative complications were noted. Rates for short- and long-term complications were 0.8% and 6.6%, respectively. Conclusion While the presented technique requires relatively long procedure times, it is a safe and reliable method for TIVAP implantation. Our results might help to further introduce the presented technique as a secondary approach in modern TIVAP surgery.
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42

Yin, Jie, Xiansheng Zhang, and Gong Cheng. "IP267 External Jugular Vein Cutdown Approach vs Percutaneous Approach for Totally Implantable Venous Access Device Placement: A Safe, Fast, and Cheap Method." Journal of Vascular Surgery 65, no. 6 (June 2017): 126S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2017.03.238.

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43

Marcy, P., E. Chamorey, J. Macchiavello, R. Largillier, F. Peyrade, J. Ferrero, J. Hanoun-Levi, M. Poudenx, E. François, and M. Frenay. "Distal or proximal venous port device insertion: Results of a prospective randomized trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): e20605-e20605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20605.

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e20605 Background: Open, nonblinded, prospective, randomized, controlled trial comparing two techniques of venous port device insertion: percutaneous distal (phlebography-guided arm port- study technique- 2) vs proximal surgical (cephalic vein cutdown- control technique- 1) placement -To determine whether technique 1 is superior to technique 2. Methods: 230 eligible patients beginning a course of i.v. chemotherapy via a port device catheter with an expected duration of treatment of 3 months or longer were randomized (written informed consent). Eligibility criteria included adult patients with solid tissue malignancy (neuro oncology, gynecology, lung, abdominal, head§neck) beginning a course of I.V.chemotherapy, normal hemostatic parameters, no organ failure, a life expectancy >3months, WHO status<3. Exclusion criteria included current anticoagulant therapy, previous ipsilateral venous catheter/pacewires/surgical axillary node dissection/radiodermatitis, local tumor growth/sepsis, symptomatic brain metastasis, psychosis. The silicone rubber 7F catheter was connected to a 11mm port reservoir, and implanted under local anesthesia using either technique 1 or 2 after randomization. Outcome measurements included technical feasibility/procedure duration, port complications, quality of life (EORTC) questionnaires. Results: Median study duration was 12.2 vs 11.9 months (p: 0.9), median chemotherapy cycles were 6.0 in both groups. Patients groups differed significantly in venous access side (left access in group 2) and sex ratio (p=0.028). In group 2, technical success rate was higher (99 vs 91%, p<0.02), procedure was shorter: 18.0min (10.0–90.0) vs 21min (15.0- 45.0)(p<0.008), but global complication rate was higher (p<0.05). Device complication related explantation rate was 11.9 vs 2.8% (p=0.022). Conclusions: Both techniques are safe and effective. Despite a higher technical success rate and a shorter procedure duration, arm port insertion has a lower complication-free duration. Distal (arm port) technique should be recommended in young female cancer patients (neckline cosmesis/discretion), head and neck cancer patients, obese patients (upright position) and in patients presenting with respiratory insufficiency or at high risk for pneumothorax. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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44

Kim, Seongyup, Younglim Kim, Ji Woong Hwang, and Suk-Bae Moon. "Inhibitory effect of sustained perivascular delivery of paclitaxel on neointimal hyperplasia in the jugular vein after open cutdown central venous catheter placement in rats." Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research 92, no. 2 (2017): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4174/astr.2017.92.2.97.

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45

Knebel, Phillip, and Markus W. Büchler. "Reply to ‘Skin Incision to Implant the Port. Could be this the Real Reason to Prefer the Surgical Cutdown to Implant a Totally Implantable Venous Access Device?’." Annals of Surgery 255, no. 5 (May 2012): e10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sla.0b013e318250c90c.

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46

Ng, Philip K., Mark J. Ault, and Lawrence S. Maldonado. "Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters in the Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Intensive Care Medicine 11, no. 1 (January 1996): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088506669601100107.

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We report the success rate and complications of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) in patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit (ICU). We performed a cohort study in the ICU of a large tertiary care, university-affiliated community hospital. All ICU patients for whom their attending physicians requested a PICC service consultation were included. Main outcome measurements included (1) the success rate for initial PICC placement, (2) the placement complication rate, and (3) the overall success and complication rate. Of the 91 consecutive attempts at PICC placement, 89 (97.8%) were successful: of the 89 successful placements, 25 (28%) required cutdown procedures. There were 20 complications of initial placement and 8 delayed complications, which occurred in 19 PICCs. Complications included recatheterization after first attempt was unsuccessful (10), catheter malposition (7), palpitations or catheter clotting (3 each), heavy bleeding or mechanical phlebitis (2 each), and arterial puncture (1). The overall success rate for completion of therapy using the PICC was 74.7%. The most frequent reasons for failure to complete therapy were catheter dislodgment in 8 patients and “infection” in 9 patients. Of these 9 patients with “infections,” 8 catheters were discontinued due to potential infection, and only 1 was removed due to confirmed infection. The confirmed infection rate was 6/10,000 patient days. The PICC appears to be a reasonable alternative to other approaches to peripheral and central venous access. The initial and overall success rates from this preliminary study justify' further evaluation of the PICC in critically ill patients.
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47

Kakadekar, Ashok P., Alison Hayes, Eric Rosenthal, Ian C. Huggon, Edward J. Baker, Shakeel A. Qureshi, and Michael Tynan. "Balloon atrial septostomy in the intensive care unit under echocardiographic control—nine years experience." Cardiology in the Young 2, no. 2 (April 1992): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100000810.

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SummaryBetween December 1982 and April 1991, balloon atrial septostomy was performed in the intensive care unit under echocardiographic control in 60 neonates. Of the patients, 58 had complete transposition. Two patients had double outlet right ventricle with a sub-pulmonary ventricular septal defect. Associated lesions included a patent arterial duct in 19 patients, ventricular septal defect in nine, obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract in six, aortic coarctation in two and tricuspid atresia in one. The mean age at septostomy was four days (range 4 hours - 25 days) and the mean weight 3.19 kg (range 1.17–4.25 kg). In 39 (65%) patients, an infusion of prostaglandin was in progress prior to the septostomy and 22 (37%) were being ventilated. Standard subcostal four-chamber echocardiographic views were used to show the atrial septum and to guide the catheter used for septostomy. Venous access was obtained via the femoral vein in 43 (by percutaneous puncture in 40 and by cutdown in three) and the umbilical vein in 17. Transient atrial arrhythmias were common during the septostomy but no acute hemodynamic disturbances or deaths occurred during the procedure. The size of the atrial septal defect as measured by echocardiography after the septostomy ranged from three to 12 mm in diameter. In only one patient was this inadequate. Three (5%) patients died between two and 10 days after the septostomy, two due to necrotizing enterocolitis and one from persistent hypoxemia. One patient had a cerebral thrombosis and convulsions immediately after the septostomy but made a good neurological recovery. Corrective surgery was performed in 52 (86.6%), two (3.3%) had palliative surgery and two were considered unsuitable for total correction, of whom one has died. One patient died whilst awaiting correction. We conclude that balloon atrial septostomy using echocardiographic guidance can be safely and effectively performed in the intensive care unit.
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48

Melan, N. B., W. Wilson, Chai-Yakarn Soontharotoke, and Charles J. Koucky. "Saphenofemoral venous cutdowns in the premature infant." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 21, no. 4 (April 1986): 341–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(86)80199-3.

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49

ISERSON, KENNETH V., and ELIZABETH A. CRISS. "Pediatric venous cutdowns: Utility in emergency situations." Pediatric Emergency Care 2, no. 4 (December 1986): 231–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006565-198612000-00006.

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50

Gunatilake, S. B., H. J. De Silva, and G. Ranasinghe. "Twenty-seven venous cutdowns to treat pseudostatus epilepticus." Seizure 6, no. 1 (February 1997): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-1311(97)80057-x.

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