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Journal articles on the topic 'Venous Outflow Obstruction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Åkesson, Henrik, Lars Brudin, Ragnar Jensen, Per Ohlin, and Gunnar Plate. "Pysiological Evaluation of Venous Obstruction in the Post-Thrombotic Leg." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 4, no. 1 (1989): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835558900400103.

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The accuracy and value of occlusion plethysmography (OP) in assessing post-thrombotic iliac and femoral vein obstruction was determined in 45 patients (85 legs) six months after an acute iliofemoral venous thromboses using contrast phlebography (CP) as reference method. The additional value of femoral venous pressure (FVP) measurements in assessing the physiological importance of iliac vein obstructions was determined in 34 of these patients (60 legs). The sensitivity and specificity of OP in detecting femoral and iliac vein obstructions was 79% and 84% respectively. OP was unable to distingui

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Neglén, Peter. "Chronic Venous Obstruction: Diagnostic Considerations and Therapeutic Role of Percutaneous Iliac Stenting." Vascular 15, no. 5 (2007): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6670.2007.00071.

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Iliac venous outflow obstruction has an important role in the expression of symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency. This anatomic obstruction is frequently overlooked, owing in part to diagnostic difficulty. The combination of venous obstruction and reflux leads to more severe clinical disease. Current diagnostic modalities do not allow an definitive assessment of hemodynamically critical venous obstruction. No single invasive or noninvasive study can accurately detect borderline obstruction of potential hemodynamic significance. A high index of suspicion is critical in the initial recogniti

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3

Labovitz, Jonathan, Paul Gagne, Keith Penera, and Sandra Wainwright. "Nonhealing Venous Ulcers and Chronic Venous Outflow Obstruction." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 105, no. 6 (2015): 541–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/14-075.1.

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The etiology of chronic venous insufficiency is typically neglected or misunderstood when treating lower-extremity edema and venous ulcerations. Despite the high prevalence of venous compression syndromes, it is rarely considered when treating venous ulcers and unresolved venous disease. We report a case of bilateral iliac vein outflow obstruction that prohibited venous ulcer healing until properly treated. This case highlights the importance of properly identifying and treating venous compression syndromes to enhance ulcer healing and decrease the risk of venous ulcer recurrence.

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Lichtenberg, Michael, Rick de Graaf, and Christian Erbel. "Standards for recanalisation of chronic venous outflow obstructions." Vasa 47, no. 4 (2018): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526/a000696.

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Abstract. Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) is the most common complication after iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis. It reduces quality of life and increases deep vein thrombosis (DVT)-related costs. The clinical symptoms and severity of PTS may vary; the most common symptoms include edema, pain (venous claudication), hyperpigmentation, lipodermatosclerosis, and ulceration. PTS is based on the principle of outflow obstruction, which may be caused by venous hypertension and may lead to valvular damage and venous reflux or insufficiency. Recent technical developments and new stent techniques now allo

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5

Kohli, V., G. K. Pande, K. S. Reddy, S. Nundy, V. Dev, and U. Kaul. "Management of hepatic venous outflow obstruction." Lancet 342, no. 8873 (1993): 718–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(93)91712-u.

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6

Mohammed Osman, Ashraf Mustafa, Mohammed Al Fadil Gar al naby, Asma Ibrahim Ahmed, and Babiker Abd Elwahab Awad alla. "SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF OUTFLOW VEINS IN SUDANESE LIVER TRANSPLANTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 12 (2018): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i12.2018.1079.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the specific Doppler criteria for the outflow vein (hepatic veins and inferior vena cava) obstruction in liver transplants. A case control study was done after performing venous Doppler sonographic studies in 300 normal (control) and 45 liver transplant cases (4 whole liver, 41 lobar) with no vascular obstruction. The ultrasonic Doppler study were classified as normal, occluded, or stenosed on the basis of gray scale and color flow mapping appearances as well as elevated or absent waves. The following Doppler parameters were evaluated: the outflow vein

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Ashraf, Mustafa Mohammed Osman, Dr. Mohammed Al Fadil Gar al naby Professor., Asma Ibrahim Ahmed Dr., and Babiker Abd Elwahab Awad alla Dr. "SONOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF OUTFLOW VEINS IN SUDANESE LIVER TRANSPLANTS." International Journal of Research - Granthaalayah 6, no. 12 (2018): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2528461.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the specific Doppler criteria for the outflow vein (hepatic veins and inferior vena cava) obstruction in liver transplants. A case control study was done after performing venous Doppler sonographic studies in 300 normal (control) and 45 liver transplant cases (4 whole liver, 41 lobar) with no vascular obstruction. The ultrasonic Doppler study were classified as normal, occluded, or stenosed on the basis of gray scale and color flow mapping appearances as well as elevated or absent waves. The following Doppler parameters were evaluated: the outflow vein

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8

Dashti, Shervin R., Peter Nakaji, Yin C. Hu, et al. "Styloidogenic Jugular Venous Compression Syndrome: Diagnosis and Treatment: Case Report." Neurosurgery 70, no. 3 (2011): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e3182333859.

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Abstract Background and Importance: Intracranial venous hypertension is known to be associated with venous outflow obstruction. We discuss the diagnosis and treatment of mechanical venous outflow obstruction causing pseudotumor cerebri. Clinical Presentation: We report 2 patients presenting with central venous outflow obstruction secondary to osseous compression of the internal jugular veins at the craniocervical junction. The point of jugular compression was between the lateral tubercle of C1 and a prominent, posteriorly located styloid process. In both cases, catheter venography showed high-

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9

Higgins, J. Nicholas P., Neil G. Burnet, Christian F. Schwindack, and Alan Waters. "Severe brain edema caused by a meningioma obstructing cerebral venous outflow and treated with venous sinus stenting." Journal of Neurosurgery 108, no. 2 (2008): 372–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns/2008/108/2/0372.

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✓ Peritumoral edema is a common feature of cerebral meningiomas, but venous outflow obstruction is not normally considered as a cause even when a tumor involves the venous sinuses. The authors describe a patient with a ventricu-loperitoneal shunt in situ, who had undergone several debulking operations and conventional radiotherapy and in whom had developed progressive life-threatening edema from a tentorial meningioma. Radiological studies showed occlusion of the straight sinus and stenosis of the sagittal sinus at the confluence of sinuses. The sagittal sinus was stented, and thereafter the p

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Kollar, Christopher, Geoffrey Parker, and Ian Johnston. "The endovascular treatment of cranial venous sinus obstruction resulting in pseudotumor syndrome." Journal of Neurosurgery 94, no. 4 (2001): 646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2001.94.4.0646.

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✓ It is probable that a significant number of cases of pseudotumor syndrome (PTS) occur because of cranial venous outflow obstruction, yet reports of direct treatment of the obstruction are few and inconclusive. In this study the authors report three cases of PTS with angiographically confirmed venous sinus obstruction treated by direct, endovascular procedures; urokinase infusion in two and balloon venoplasty in one. Two patients suffered transient complications that resolved satisfactorily. All three showed initial resolution of the signs and symptoms of PTS but one relapsed after 8 months a

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11

Pandhi, Mithil B., Andrew J. Lipnik, and Matthew M. Niemeyer. "Endovascular Treatment of Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction after Liver Transplant." Digestive Disease Interventions 03, no. 04 (2019): 277–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400494.

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AbstractLiver transplantation provides definitive treatment to address acute or chronic end-stage liver disease and its complications. Hepatic venous outflow obstruction is an infrequent complication of liver transplantation that affects graft survival by compromising outflow via transplant hepatic veins or inferior vena cava. It can occur in the early postoperative phase or in a delayed manner, resulting in venous congestion, graft dysfunction, graft failure, and death. This article addresses the pathophysiology of venous outflow obstruction as it relates to different surgical techniques and

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12

Beschorner, Schwarz, Rastan, Sixt, Noory, and Zeller. "Percutaneous iliac vein recanalization 17 years after thrombotic occlusion." Vasa 38, no. 1 (2009): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.38.1.76.

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Persistent venous outflow obstruction of the iliac veins is one of the mechanisms that seem to portend the greatest risk for late development of severe complications. We report the case of a 42-year-old male with postthrombotic occlusion of the left external iliac vein since the age of 25. We managed to recanalize the obstructed vessel and establish a good flow into the inferior vena cava by venous stenting. After successful intervention the patient reported instant symptom relief and was free from venous claudication and leg heaviness at the 6 month follow-up examination. Even after long hist

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13

HAENEN, José H., Mirian C. H. JANSSEN, Alphonsus J. M. BRAKKEE, et al. "Venous reflux has a limited effect on calf muscle pump dysfunction in post-thrombotic patients." Clinical Science 98, no. 4 (2000): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0980449.

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The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between calf muscle pump dysfunction (CMD) and the presence and location of valvular incompetence. Deep vein obstruction might influence CMD, and so venous outflow resistance (VOR) was measured. VOR and calf muscle pump function were measured in 81 patients, 7–13 years after venographically confirmed lower-extremity deep venous thrombosis. The supine venous pump function test (SVPT) measures CMD, and the VOR measures the presence of venous outflow obstructions, both with the use of strain-gauge plethysmography. Valvular incompet

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14

Kinaci, Erdem, Cuneyt Kayaalp, Sezai Yilmaz, and Emrah Otan. "Salvage with a Secondary Infrahepatic Cavocavostomy of the Occluded Modified Piggyback Anastomosis during Split Liver Transplantation: A Case Report." Case Reports in Transplantation 2014 (2014): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/740802.

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Hepatic venous outflow obstruction following liver transplantation is rare but disastrous. Here we described a 14-year-old boy who underwent a split right lobe liver transplantation with modified (side-to-side) piggyback technique which resulted in hepatic venous outflow obstruction. When the liver graft was lifted up, the outflow drainage returned to normal but when it was placed back into the abdomen, the outflow obstruction recurred. Because reanastomosis would have resulted in hepatic reischemia, alternatively, a second infrahepatic cavocavostomy was planned without requiring hepatic reisc

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15

Dwyer, Christopher M., Kristina Prelog, and Brian K. Owler. "The role of venous sinus outflow obstruction in pediatric idiopathic intracranial hypertension." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 11, no. 2 (2013): 144–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.10.peds1299.

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Object The authors examined the role of venous sinus obstruction in the etiology of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) by reviewing more than 200 MR venograms performed in suspected cases of IIH. Methods Individual MR venograms performed in cases of suspected IIH at the Children's Hospital at Westmead in Sydney, Australia, were reviewed. The authors excluded cases in which an intervention was performed before the scan or a structural cause for venous obstruction was identified. Cases with confirmed hydrocephalus were also excluded. For each of the 145 remaining scans, the authors compl

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Troffkin, Neil A., Cole Blease Graham, Turgut Berkmen, and Ajay K. Wakhloo. "Combined transvenous and transarterial embolization of a tentorial—incisural dural arteriovenous malformation followed by primary stent placement in the associated stenotic straight sinus." Journal of Neurosurgery 99, no. 3 (2003): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2003.99.3.0579.

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✓ Dural arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) involving the tentoria—incisura are associated with an aggressive clinical course characterized by subarachnoid and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). In these lesions, venous outflow obstruction precipitates leptomeningeal venous drainage, resulting in the arterialization of pial veins and the formation of venous aneurysms, both of which are prone to hemorrhage. Stenotic lesions of the dural sinuses also contribute to the development of retrograde leptomeningeal drainage, which is responsible for the aggressive clinical course of the dural AVM. Endovascu

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17

Ting, Windsor, Anthony Yang, Chuma Nwachukwu, et al. "Venous Stenting in Proximal Venous Outflow Obstruction: Outcome Predictors." Journal of Vascular Surgery: Venous and Lymphatic Disorders 6, no. 2 (2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvsv.2017.12.021.

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Kurstjens, Ralph LM, Fabio S. Catarinella, Yee Lai Lam, Mark AF de Wolf, Irwin M. Toonder, and Cees HA Wittens. "The inability of venous occlusion air plethysmography to identify patients who will benefit from stenting of deep venous obstruction." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 33, no. 7 (2017): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355517723993.

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Background The aim of this study was to assess whether venous occlusion plethysmography can be used to identify venous obstruction and predict clinical success of stenting. Method Receiver operated characteristic curves were used to determine the ability of venous occlusion plethysmography to discriminate between the presence and absence of obstruction, measured by duplex ultrasound and magnetic resonance venography, and to discriminate between successful and non-successful stenting, measured by VEINES-QOL/Sym. Result Two hundred thirty-seven limbs in 196 patients were included. Areas under th

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Anilkumar, Biradar, and R. S. Shankarappa. "Hepatic Vein Thrombosis Secondary to Protein C and S Deficiency." International Journal of Medical Science and Clinical Research Studies 04, no. 11 (2024): 2100–2102. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14243269.

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Hepatic Venous Outflow Tract Obstruction is obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow tract can be primary due to obstruction by thrombosis or secondary due to compression of  hepatic vein, inferior vena cava or both. Causes being prothrombotic inherited or acquired. Classical clinical triad being abdominal pain, ascites, and tender hepatomegaly.Ultrasound, Computed Tomography  or Magnetic Resonance Imaging of abdomen are required  for confirmation.Long-term anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists should be started. 24year female with abdominal distention and pain, having pal

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Leal, Samira Morhy Borges, Jose L. Andrade, Mirna de Souza, et al. "Anomalous subaortic course of the left brachiocephalic (innominate) vein: echocardiographic diagnosis and report of an unusual association." Cardiology in the Young 12, no. 2 (2002): 159–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s104795110200032x.

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Subaortic left brachiocephalic, or innominate, vein is an uncommon finding in congenital heart disease, usually associated with obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. We describe our experience with 14 patients in whom the lesion was identified echocardiographically, 12 of them with right ventricular obstruction, one with totally anomalous pulmonary venous connection in the absence of obstruction to the right ventricular outflow tract, and the final one with a normal heart. A precise diagnosis of this venous anomaly is of great importance, since it needs to be differentiated from

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Mukund, A., S. Gamanagatti, and S. K. Acharya. "Radiological interventions in HVOTO – Practical tips." Tropical Gastroenterology 32, no. 1 (2011): 4–14. https://doi.org/10.4103/trog_20103201_4.

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Hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction (HVOTO) comprises of constellation of disorders causing obstruction of hepatic venous outflow or suprahepatic inferior vena cava (IVC) or both and leading to increased hepatic sinusoidal pressure and portal hypertension. Clinical presentation in HVOTO includes both acute onset or chronic insidious onset of the disease and predominant clinical manifestations consist of ascites, hepatomegaly, and portal hypertension. IVC/hepatic vein (HV) web or thrombosed hepatic veins replaced by fibrotic constriction or thrombus in suprahepatic IVC is encountered as th

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Bayraktar, Ulas Darda. "Hepatic venous outflow obstruction: Three similar syndromes." World Journal of Gastroenterology 13, no. 13 (2007): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i13.1912.

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Tsiotos, G. "Selective management of hepatic venous outflow obstruction." Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 1, no. 4 (1997): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1091-255x(97)80060-1.

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Comerota, AJ. "Deep venous thrombosis and postthrombotic syndrome: Invasive management." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 30, no. 1_suppl (2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355514568846.

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Invasive management of postthrombotic syndrome encompasses the two ends of the deep vein thrombosis spectrum, patients with acute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and those with chronic postthrombotic iliofemoral venous obstruction. Of all patients with acute deep vein thrombosis, those with involvement of the iliofemoral segments have the most severe chronic postthrombotic morbidity. Catheter-based techniques now permit percutaneous treatment to eliminate thrombus, restore patency, potentially maintain valvular function, and improve quality of life. Randomized trial data support an initial tr

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Geens, C., W. J. Kwanten, S. Francque, T. van der Zijden, M. Voormolen, and T. Jardinet. "Aspiration thrombectomy of the hepatic veins in Budd Chiari Syndrome." Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica 87, no. 4 (2024): 535–37. https://doi.org/10.51821/87.4.13145.

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Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is a rare, potentially lifethreatening condition characterised by obstruction of the hepatic venous outflow tract due to thrombosis. Treatment typically involves lifelong anticoagulation and relieving the obstruction. This case report introduces hepatic venous thromboaspiration as an additional endovascular technique to achieve recanalisation.

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Ahmed, Khalid Mohamed, Teresa V. Chan-Leveno, and Bethany L. Lussier. "Urgent decompression of tension pneumomediastinum in a patient to relieve elevated intracranial pressure: a case report." Journal of Neurocritical Care 15, no. 1 (2022): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.18700/jnc.220051.

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Background: Timely recognition and intervention for venous outflow obstruction due to intrathoracic pathology are critical for controlling elevated intracranial pressure.Case Report: A 26-year-old man with pectus excavatum and a posterior fossa tumor requiring biopsy, decompression, and cerebrospinal fluid diversion developed pneumomediastinum following intubation with tension physiology and progressive elevation of intracranial pressure. Emergent tracheostomy was performed to decompress intrathoracic pressure, augment venous return, and ultimately expedite the patient’s definitive cancer ther

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Bateman, Grant Alexander, and Alexander Robert Bateman. "Syringomyelia Is Associated with a Reduction in Spinal Canal Compliance, Venous Outflow Dilatation and Glymphatic Fluid Obstruction." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 20 (2023): 6646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12206646.

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The cause of the cystic dilatation of the cord found in syringomyelia has been a source of conjecture for a considerable time. Recent studies have shown that there is a reduction in craniospinal compliance in both childhood hydrocephalus and multiple sclerosis which leads to venous outflow dilatation. Both diseases are associated with glymphatic outflow obstruction. Venous dilatation will narrow the perivenous glymphatic outflow pathway and lead to an increase in glymphatic outflow resistance. Syringomyelia has been shown to be associated with reduced spinal canal compliance. This paper discus

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Neglén, Peter, Tara L. Thrasher, and Seshadri Raju. "Venous outflow obstruction: an underestimated contributor to chronic venous disease." Journal of Vascular Surgery 38, no. 5 (2003): 879–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0741-5214(03)01020-6.

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Paolini, David J., Linda S. Jones, and Anthony J. Comerota. "Hyperemic maximal venous outflow unmasks symptomatic lower extremity venous obstruction." Journal of Vascular Surgery 48, no. 3 (2008): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.03.038.

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Divekar, Abhay, Rebecca Cases, and Reeni Soni. "Echocardiographic characteristics of venous air embolism presenting as reversible pulmonary atresia in a premature neonate." Cardiology in the Young 14, no. 1 (2004): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951104001210.

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Air embolism secondary to mechanical ventilation is a rare but well-described complication in premature infants. We describe the echocardiographic appearance of venous air embolism manifesting as acute obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract in such a premature infant, and review the pathophysiology of acute obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract secondary to the “air lock” phenomenon. Awareness of the pathophysiology and echocardiographic appearance of venous air embolism may aid in prompt recognition and potential therapy for this lethal complication of mechanical vent

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Boin, Ilka Fatima Santana Ferreira, Elaine Cristina Ataide, Maria Fernanda Chaim Correa, Cristina Aparecida Arrivabene Caruy, Derli Munhoz, and Adilson Roberto Cardoso. "SENGSTAKEN-BLAKEMORE tube can prevent whole liver twisting the right hepatic fossa improving venous outflow post-orthotopic liver transplantation." Brazilian Journal of Transplantation 18, no. 3 (2015): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.53855/bjt.v18i3.131.

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Introduction: Reduced-size liver transplantation in combination with an unusual situation poses an increased risk for venous outflow obstruction. Reduced-size liver transplantation using ex-vivo graft reduction or splitting has become standard procedure in children, with some of these cases described in literature after the successful management use of Sengstaken-Blakemore, although used in orthotopic whole liver transplantation (OLT) has never been described. The aim was to report the successful management of acute venous obstruction after OLT by using a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube within the h

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Rosselli, Matteo, Alina Popescu, Felix Bende, Antonella Al Refaie, and Adrian Lim. "Imaging in Vascular Liver Diseases." Medicina 60, no. 12 (2024): 1955. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina60121955.

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Vascular liver diseases (VLDs) include different pathological conditions that affect the liver vasculature at the level of the portal venous system, hepatic artery, or venous outflow system. Although serological investigations and sometimes histology might be required to clarify the underlying diagnosis, imaging has a crucial role in highlighting liver inflow or outflow obstructions and their potential causes. Cross-sectional imaging provides a panoramic view of liver vascular anatomy and parenchymal patterns of enhancement, making it extremely useful for the diagnosis and follow-up of VLDs. N

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Higgins, J. Nicholas, Robert Macfarlane, Patrick R. Axon, et al. "Headache, Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks, and Pseudomeningoceles after Resection of Vestibular Schwannomas: Efficacy of Venous Sinus Stenting Suggests Cranial Venous Outflow Compromise as a Unifying Pathophysiological Mechanism." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B: Skull Base 80, no. 06 (2019): 640–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1677706.

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Background Regardless of the operative approach, headache, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, and pseudomeningoceles remain disproportionately common problems after surgery for vestibular schwannomas and have a significant negative impact on quality of life and potential to return to full employment. Recent work has raised the possibility that these problems may, in part, be related to acquired obstruction of cranial venous outflow. This article explores this idea further with respect to a group of patients with severe and intractable symptoms. Objective The main objective of this article is to

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Mindea, Stefan A., Benson P. Yang, and H. Hunt Batjer. "Unruptured arteriovenous malformation in a patient presenting with obstructive hydrocephalus." Neurosurgical Focus 22, no. 4 (2007): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2007.22.4.13.

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✓The authors report on a patient harboring an unruptured cortical arteriovenous malformation (AVM), who had presented with obstructive hydrocephalus due to compression of the cerebral aqueduct by a large venous varix. Although patients with ruptured AVMs are known to either present with or later suffer from obstructive hydrocephalus, those with unruptured AVMs who present in this manner are quite rare. Moreover, hydrocephalus caused by a venous varix draining an AVM, to our knowledge, has never been previously reported in the literature. This report serves to illustrate two primary points, nam

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Lobastov, K. V., D. V. Bondarchuk, D. A. Borsuk, et al. "Diagnosis and treatment of chronic venous obstruction: consensus statement of the Russian experts (part 2)." Hirurg (Surgeon), no. 7-8 (July 3, 2020): 22–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-15-2004-02.

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This consensus statement of Russian experts is based on a review of the relevant literature on the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of non-thrombotic and post-thrombotic venous obstruction, as well as management of patients after venous stenting. In the Part 1 we discussed the clinical manifestations of venous obstruction, the role of duplex ultrasound scan, CT venography, MR venography, direct venography, and intravascular ultrasound scan, as well as typical findings obtained by using these methods. The authors mentioned the functional assessment of venous outflow in healthy subjects and

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Lobastov, Kirill, Dmitry Bondarchuk, Denis Borsuk, et al. "Diagnosis and treatment of chronic venous obstruction: consensus statement of the Russian experts (part 1)." Hirurg (Surgeon), no. 5-6 (June 1, 2020): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/med-15-2003-01.

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This consensus statement of Russian experts is based on a review of the relevant literature on the prevalence, diagnosis, and treatment of non-thrombotic and post-thrombotic venous obstruction, as well as management of patients after venous stenting. In the Part 1 we discussed the clinical manifestations of venous obstruction, the role of duplex ultrasound scan, CT venography, MR venography, direct venography, and intravascular ultrasound scan, as well as typical findings obtained by using these methods. The authors mentioned the functional assessment of venous outflow in healthy subjects and

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Tomlinson, Samuel B., Redi Rahmani, Rashad Jabarkheel, Adam M. Kruszewski, Daniel Yoshor, and Visish M. Srinivasan. "Resolution of Symptomatic Intracranial Hypertension Following Resection of Tentorial Meningioma Compressing the Dominant Transverse Sinus." Journal of Neurological Surgery Reports 86, no. 03 (2025): e170-e174. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2650-6754.

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AbstractSymptomatic intracranial hypertension is a rare presentation of meningiomas associated with compression and/or invasion of the dural venous sinuses. Establishing a clear link between tumor-induced venous outflow obstruction and elevated intracranial pressure is essential to determine the appropriate management strategy.A 59-year-old female presented with headaches, imbalance, pulsatile tinnitus, and horizontal binocular diplopia secondary to bilateral abducens nerve dysfunction in the setting of a small tentorial meningioma compressing the dominant right transverse sinus. Venous manome

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Buckarma, E., A. Glasgow, E. Habermann, S. Venkatesh, J. Fidler, and D. Nagorney. "Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction in Polycystic Liver Disease." HPB 23 (2021): S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2020.11.384.

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Porter, John M., and Peter M. Negl[eacute]n. "Detection of outflow obstruction in chronic venous insufficiency." Journal of Vascular Surgery 17, no. 3 (1993): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mva.1993.39393.

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Neglén, Peter, and Seshadri Raju. "Detection of outflow obstruction in chronic venous insufficiency." Journal of Vascular Surgery 17, no. 3 (1993): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0741-5214(93)90159-j.

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Krishna Kumar, G., Khalid Sharif, David Mayer, et al. "Hepatic venous outflow obstruction in paediatric liver transplantation." Pediatric Surgery International 26, no. 4 (2010): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00383-010-2564-y.

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Massenburg, Benjamin B., Harvey N. Himel, Robert C. Blue, Michael L. Marin, Peter L. Faries, and Windsor Ting. "Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Proximal Venous Outflow Obstruction." Annals of Vascular Surgery 29, no. 8 (2015): 1619–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.avsg.2015.06.083.

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Valla, Dominique-Charles. "Budd–Chiari syndrome/hepatic venous outflow tract obstruction." Hepatology International 12, S1 (2017): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12072-017-9810-5.

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Soltanolkotabi, Maryam, Shahram Rahimi, Michael C. Hurley, et al. "Endovascular correction of an infantile intracranial venous outflow obstruction." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 12, no. 6 (2013): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.9.peds12232.

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The authors report on the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with a reduced level of activity, macrocephaly, prominent scalp veins, and decreased left-sided visual acuity. Imaging workup demonstrated generalized cerebral volume loss, bilateral chronic subdural hematomas, absent left sigmoid sinus, hypoplastic left transverse sinus, and severe focal weblike stenosis of the right sigmoid sinus. Right sigmoid sinus angioplasty and stent insertion was performed, with an immediate reduction in the transduced intracranial venous pressure gradient across the stenosis (from 22 to 3 mm Hg). Postpro

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Kaemmerer, Harald, Peter Theissen, Eckart Schirg, Renate Kaulitz, Harald Schicha, and Hans-Carlo Kallfelz. "Postoperative complications after the Mustard operation for complete transposition—a qualitative evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging." Cardiology in the Young 6, no. 1 (1996): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100003279.

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AbstractLong-term follow-up studies after intraatrial repair for complete transposition have shown postoperative morphologic and hemodynamic abnormalities in many patients which often require reevaluation and therapeutic intervention. The purpose of this study was to assess, using magnetic resonance imaging, the presence and extent of late postoperative complications in a large cohort of 44 patients undergoing repair with the Mustard procedure. Of these 34 had an intact ventricular septum with or without obstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract, while 10 had an associated ventricular

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Harris, Matthew, and Chung Sim Lim. "Chronic venous outflow obstruction: An important cause of chronic venous disease." Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 88, no. 12 (2021): 680–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.88a.21068.

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Shiferson, Alexander, Edouard Aboian, Michael Shih, Qinghua Pu, Theresa Jacob, and Robert Y. Rhee. "Iliac venous stenting for outflow obstruction does not significantly change the quality of life of patients with severe chronic venous insufficiency." JRSM Cardiovascular Disease 8 (January 2019): 204800401989096. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2048004019890968.

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Purpose Percutaneous endovenous iliac stenting has emerged as a new modality in the treatment of advanced chronic venous insufficiency with outflow obstruction. However, the effect of this intervention on the quality of life remains unclear. We examined the impact of iliac venous stenting for outflow obstruction as compared to conservative medical management on the quality of life in severe chronic venous insufficiency patients. Methods Medical records of all patients with CEAP class 5 and 6 disease (N = 172) who underwent ilio-caval venography with intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) at a si

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Cassar, N., P. Kumarasinghe, S. Khorsandi, et al. "Technique of venous outflow reconstruction and incidence of hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO) following liver transplantation." HPB 22 (2020): S334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hpb.2020.04.325.

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Mohamed Elbahnasawy, Rabah, Sobhy Mohamed Ismail Amer, and Hanaa Mohamed Mansour. "RARE CASE OF BUDD-CHIARI SYNDROME (BCS) WITH RIGHT INGUINAL HERNIA: A CASE REPORT." International Journal of Advanced Research 13, no. 01 (2025): 285–89. https://doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/20192.

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Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) is an uncommon disorder characterized by obstruction of hepatic venous outflow. The obstruction may be thrombotic or non-thrombotic anywhere along the venous course from the hepatic venules to junction of the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the right atrium. Hepatic veno-occlusive disease and cardiac disorders are excluded from this definition. BCS is a heterogeneous clinical condition-it may be curable or potentially lethal.

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Higgins, J. Nicholas, Patrick R. Axon, and Robert Macfarlane. "Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension Complicated by Subdural Effusions Treated by Surgical Relief of Cranial Venous Outflow Obstruction." Journal of Neurological Surgery Reports 81, no. 04 (2020): e59-e65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1722268.

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AbstractSpontaneous intracranial hypotension describes the clinical syndrome brought on by a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Orthostatic headache is the key symptom, but others include nausea, vomiting, and dizziness, as well as cognitive and mood disturbance. In severe cases, the brain slumps inside the cranium and subdural collections develop to replace lost CSF volume. Initial treatment is by bed rest, but when conservative measures fail, attention is focused on finding and plugging the leak, although this can be very difficult and some patients remain bedbound for months or years. Recently

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