Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vent faible'
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Bounouas, Hanane. "Caractérisation expérimentale et modélisation de la dispersion atmosphérique en vent faible et en milieu bâti." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025ENPC0004.
Full textAtmospheric dispersion in low-wind conditions is frequently underrepresented or even overlooked in impact studies. Under these conditions, the dispersion mechanisms experience significant alterations: turbulence properties (spectrum, anisotropy) change considerably, and meandering characterized by low-frequency oscillations on the sub-mesoscale of wind direction often becomes dominant, leading to a wide range of concentration variations around the source. Developing models that integrate these processes is especially challenging due to the lack of experimental data for such scenarios, particularly in urban environment.This thesis includes both experimental and modeling components. The experimental work, carried out at SIRTA (Site Instrumental de Recherche par Télédétection Atmosphérique, situated on the campus of École Polytechnique in Palaiseau, a peri-urban area), has two parts. The first part focuses on a statistical analysis of high-frequency wind component measurements over a three-year period to investigate the characteristics of meandering and its interaction with turbulence. The second part involves conducting and analyzing measurement campaigns to acquire experimental data on the dispersion of a tracer gas (Helium) in built environments under low-wind conditions.The modeling component focuses on defining and validating a CFD modeling methodology using the open-source software Code_Saturne, adapted to these specific conditions, and relies on documented cases from the experimental campaigns, especially those featuring meandering. Three approaches of the RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) or URANS (Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes) types are examined:- a steady-state simulation with constant boundary conditions;- a pseudo-transient simulation combining multiple steady cases, conducted with different input conditions to capture the temporal variability of meteorological conditions during the release;- a fully transient simulation with variable boundary conditions.To validate these different approaches, comparisons were made between the modeling results and the measurements, covering both dynamic variables and tracer concentration
Boyer, Patrick. "Contribution à l'étude de la dispersion des polluants dans les basses couches de l'atmostphère en situations stables et par vent faible." Aix-Marseille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX22102.
Full textYvart, Walter. "Signatures moléculaires dans les vents de disque MHD des proto-étoiles de faible masse." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00880647.
Full textDomps, Baptiste. "Identification et détection de phénomènes transitoires contenus dans des mesures radar à faible rapport signal à bruit : Applications conjointes aux problématiques océanographique et atmosphérique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOUL0001.
Full textObservations of atmospheric and ocean surface dynamics can be performed via radar remote sensing. The usual approach consists, in both cases, in numerically calculating the Doppler spectrum of the received temporal echoes using a discrete Fourier transform. Although satisfactory for most applications, this method is not suitable for observations of transient phenomena due to being shorter than the integration time required for radar observations. We use an alternative technique based on an autoregressive representation of the radar time series combined with the maximum entropy method. This approach is applied to coastal radar measurements of surface currents in the high frequency band as well as to L-band radar measurements of wind in the lower atmosphere. For both cases, through numerical simulations and case studies, we compare our approach with others that use different instruments. We show that for short integration times, where conventional methods fail, our proposed approach leads to reliable estimates of geophysical quantities (ocean currents and wind speeds)
Carre, Aurélien. "Miniaturisation bioinspirée d'un convertisseur aéromécanique pour l'exploitation des faibles vitesses de vent." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAA012.
Full textThe Internet of Things is growing rapidly, and requires the development of autonomous communicating sensors. The autonomy of such sensors can be achieved by harvesting ambient energy in order to limit the use of batteries. The objective of the thesis is to extend the conversion possibilities by developing a micro wind turbine as small as possible to recover the kinetic energy of low wind speeds. A break in geometry is necessary and is based in this work on biomimetics.To this end, a study of samaras behaviour by stereo image correlation is being carried out to reconstruct their movement in three dimensions. In a first case, the samaras fall vertically; in a second configuration they are drilled at the location of their center of rotation and placed on a horizontal axis inside a wind tunnel. The samaras rotate up to 89% faster than in free fall with almost 2000 rev/min: thus they are a good model for efficient micro wind turbine blades.Then, several bioinspired propellers are designed and manufactured by stereolithography. The propellers are then assembled with a miniature electromagnetic generator made at the CEA Grenoble. The best of them is identified after a battery of tests. Thereafter, the efficiency of the optimal micro wind turbine is verified by measuring the powers developed for a wide range of winds (up to 8 m/s). The maximum power ranges from 50 µW for 1.2 m/s to more than 80 mW at 8 m/s; the optimal power coefficient and total efficiency appear at 4 m/s and are respectively 29% and 17.5%. This places us above the best prototypes in literature. Therefore, the validity of the initial choice of biomimicry and its contribution to small dimensions is confirmed
Balde, Hambaliou. "Modélisation de la pollution atmosphérique de scalaires passifs par faibles vents." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EVRY0001/document.
Full textThe most intense air pollution episodes occur in situations of low winds. The air pollution models overestimate or underestimate the levels in these conditions, according to models of standard deviations (σi with i = x, y, z) dispersion which they are associated. This was highlighted in the irst part of this thesis where we evaluated the efficacy of five models of dispersal patterns associated with six standard deviations, using five international databases. In the second part, we have developed two models of dispersal standard deviations (S_LMEE_Ond and S_LMEE_Taylor) from experimental databases appropriate. It has been shown and for light winds, the wind speed is non-stationary and ischaracterized by rapid fluctuations (random or turbulent) and slow fluctuations (organized). Turbulent fluctuations promote mixing of particles within the plume and slow fluctuations leading to their horizontal transport. Models of deviations developed in this thesis seem more appropriate to study the dispersion of particles by low winds. The model is based on the module S_LMEE_Taylor average wind speed (V) and standard deviations of fluctuations organized (σu and σv). ARX models and multivariate autoregressive have been developed in MATLAB to predict these parameters with a 10 min and 30 min
Alam, Boulos. "Modélisation numérique de la turbulence et de la dispersion atmosphérique par faibles vents en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. https://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2023/interne/2023UPAST179.pdf.
Full textThis thesis is situated in the context of atmospheric dispersion modeling, particularly in the presence of low winds. Atmospheric pollution sources, often located near the ground and influenced by complex obstacles, generate high concentrations of pollutants nearby, resulting in significant concentration fluctuations. Low winds, typically associated with stable atmospheric conditions, pose a specific challenge in modeling pollutant dispersion, requiring a thorough analysis of meteorological data and adaptation of prediction models. To address this complex challenge, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is necessary, although further research is needed to validate its effectiveness in the near-field and in the presence of low winds. The Code_Saturne® software (EDF R&D) is selected due to its proven efficiency in simulating atmospheric pollutant dispersion. This thesis is divided into three distinct phases : the first phase focuses on the fundamentals of atmospheric dispersion, exploring the impact of various parameters such as the atmospheric boundary layer structure, atmospheric turbulence, and atmospheric stability. These elements play a crucial role in how pollutants disperse in the air. The second phase details the methodology used in Code_Saturne for conducting simulations, including the turbulence models employed and the criteria for evaluating these models. In addition to traditional isotropic models, this research investigates the use of anisotropic turbulence models to study dispersion in various contexts. The third phase of the thesis concentrates on the evaluation of different turbulence models and velocity-scalar correlations using observations conducted in urban environments under neutral and stable atmospheric conditions. Finally, the last phase of the research explores conditions of low and stable winds, typically characterized by wind speeds below 2 m/s and random wind variations. This phase examines the meandering patterns in pollutant dispersion and assesses the limitations of analytical and CFD models in predicting concentration in such conditions. To this end, a URANS model is developed and evaluated. Ultimately, a segmented Gaussian method is devised to compare the results with CFD predictions and field observations
Druga, Mirela. "Méthodologie de conception d’aérogénérateurs optimaux, à faible coût, à destination des sites isolés." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0021.
Full textThe strong increase of the small wind turbine production requires the review of the existing technologies to suit the expanding need. This thesis develops a design and optimal sizing methodology of stand alone wind systems. The statistical profile of wind resource, the expected consumption and the specification targets are taken into account. Our choice of generator is based on PMSM, in order to maximize the efficiency of the wind energy conversion within economically viable topologies. This study highlights different possible scenarios to drive the system and predicts how to take into account the system control. The simulation using a recorded wind data allowed the validation of our models in real situations. Our software approach advantages are modularity and adaptability. By choosing the relevant settings for each system element and using our results as database, a multi-criteria constrained optimization method can be applied. Therefore a library of models depending on the site and its energy demand could be built in order to expand our approach. The developed code has the ability to generate optimal sizing, where the cost per kWh is taken into account, which is a critical point for manufacturers and users
Domingos, Sónia Alexandra Ramalho. "Moinhos de Vento da Ilha do Faial: Projecto de Recuperação Patrimonial e Dinamização Cultural." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/5497.
Full textOs moinhos da ilha do Faial representam uma das imagens da identidade da ilha. Apesar de alguns deles serem classificados como imóveis de interesse público, a maioria deles permanecem em estado avançado de ruína e estão em perigo de desaparecimento total. Neste projecto de trabalho, um novo inventário destes moinhos de vento foi feito, como também uma análise tipológica e conclusiva dos dados colectados, com especial atenção à sua localização, estado de conservação, o regime jurídico da propriedade e do regime legal de protecção. Finalmente, esta análise teve como objectivo ajudar a desenvolver um plano estratégico para recuperar a arquitectura dos moinhos de vento e promover a cultura local e o turismo, restituindo este património à comunidade onde estão inseridos.
Gambino, Mélanie. "Vivre dans les espaces ruraux de faible densité de population : pratiques et représentations des jeunes dans le Périgord vert (France) et le Rural Galway (Irlande)." Toulouse 2, 2008. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01151094.
Full textIn this research, we adopt an approach of the remote areas which differs from most of the previous studies, in the fact that we take low population densities as a datum. We focus on problems little invested by geographers until now, by investigating the meaning of living in remote areas. The constant doubts about the future of these remote areas led us to take an interest in a group of actors on which a part of the future rests : young people from 15 to 25 years of age. Thus, this research aims at understanding how young people deal with low population density. It is a question of penetrating into the logics of usage and appropriation of these specific areas and of explaining its models of organization. More precisely, it is important to understand how remote areas are lived, inhabited, put in acts, invested, perceived, transformed… to analyze the functioning of this particular spatial organization. In a more general way, our research aims at investigating how remote areas are represented and reinvented today. This analysis also tries to be a contribution to a better knowledge of the variety of rural areas in Europe. This work leans on a qualitative methodology based on semi-directive interviews and on participating observation. Besides, our analysis proceeds by comparison between France and Ireland because the place of rural areas in both French and Irish imagination establishes a common feature between these two countries
Raineri, Sophie. "Analyse contrastive français-anglais du passif dans une perspective constructionnelle : Sens et fonction de BE Ven, ETRE Vé, GET Ven et SE FAIRE Ver." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841659.
Full textMillet, Marc-Alban. "Interactions de faibles profondeurs et géochimie des basaltes d'îles océaniques : implications sur les modes d'acquisition de la signature isotopique et sur la topogique mantellique." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718419.
Full textMillet, Marc-Alban. "Interactions de faibles profondeurs et géochimie des basaltes d'îles océaniques : implications sur les modes d'acquisition de la signature isotopique et sur la topogique mantellique." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21794.
Full textSaubolle, Jean-François. "Histoire d'une profession : de quelle histoire la profession d'assistant social, en France, prétend se faire histoire quand elle veut essayer de se dire." Paris 5, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA05H009.
Full textDia, Abdérahim. "Enseignement / évaluation en FLE : exploration des liens pour faire évoluer les pratiques : une expérience de recherche - action en classe de collège au Cap Vert." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC003.
Full textIn Cape Verdean schools, we found that the format of the evaluation tests reflects those lesson plans and in turn the teaching approaches. These are mainly focused on mastering the language structures, which is to say on the restitution of knowledge supposed to be acquired. Specialists of Sciences Hadji Education (1997), Scallon (2007) and the didactics of languages as Tagliante(2005), Veltcheff (2009) advocate the renewal of how to assess to build communication skills based the formative evaluation. For the teaching of French in Cape Verdean schools, review thecurrent format with the introduction of the four language activities to build communication skills may require us to adopt a particular approach. This would be built as modules based on the evaluation objectives previously defined from the level of the Common European Framework of Reference descriptors for Languages (CEFR 2001). Being enrolled in school, how can we implement this particular approach? For this study, conducted by a solitary action research approach, we opted for the allocation of each language activity to a quarter over two years constituting the first cycle of secondary education. These new approaches to teaching / learning / assessment based on formative assessment enabled a group of students to build communicative language skills from A1
Vega, Villa Carolina, and Villalón Gloria Zavala. "Adaptación del Cuestionario Multifactorial de Liderazgo (MLQ Forma 5X Corta) de B. Bass y B. Avolio al contexto organizacional chileno." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106405.
Full textFernet, Catherine. "Réduction du ruissellement par l’augmentation de surfaces perméables : évaluation de 2 scénarios d’aménagement d’un ensemble résidentiel à Laval." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10044.
Full textThe widespread introduction of new residential developments in the urban periphery is partly responsible for declining vegetation cover and a large scale increase in impervious surfaces. Cities are now grappling with a constant increase in runoff, which they have to manage through a vast network of sewers and drains. Data on the impacts of current residential models reveal that this form of development causes the degradation of natural and aquatic environments. The present study aims to test Open space design strategy by comparing the effect of three development situations on the weighted runoff coefficient (Cw). The three situations are 1: the actual development as conceived by the project’s promoter; 2: development aimed at preserving existing streams, reducing lot sizes and impervious surfaces; and 3: a higher-density cluster development plan. The weighted coefficients obtained are 0.50 for scenario 1, 0.40 for scenario 2 and 0.34 for scenario 3. As a result, it appears that the density of the structures, the nature of the surfaces and the spatial organization can all contribute to reducing the runoff in a given area. This study underlines the importance of runoff management in planning and land use.