Journal articles: 'Ventilated façade'

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Tejero-González, Ana, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, F. Javier Rey-Martínez, and Eloy Velasco-Gómez. "Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB." Proceedings 16, no. 1 (June 19, 2019): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2019016022.

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Ventilated façades are among the existing measures to reduce the energy demand in buildings. The combination of this passive heating and cooling strategy with photovoltaics (PV) can drive new buildings towards the current European targets for near or even net zero-energy buildings (nZEB). The present work aims at studying the PV integrated ventilated façade of the nZEB known as “LUCIA” at the University of Valladolid, Spain. First, the transmissivity of the PV façade is measured. Then, the monitoring of the available solar radiation is presented together with the air-dry bulb temperatures indoors, outdoors and inside the ventilated façade. The experimental results permit the validation of a mathematical model that describes the behaviour of the ventilated façade in its current operating modes. The results show that dampers should be closed during winter to let the façade act as a further insulation for outdoor temperatures below 18.4 C to improve energy efficiency. Indoor air recirculation would be helpful during 10% of the winter period.

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Domínguez-Torres, Carlos-Antonio, Ángel Luis León-Rodríguez, Rafael Suárez, and Antonio Domínguez-Delgado. "Empirical and Numerical Analysis of an Opaque Ventilated Facade with Windows Openings under Mediterranean Climate Conditions." Mathematics 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10010163.

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In recent years, there has been growing concern regarding energy efficiency in the building sector with energy requirements increasing worldwide and now responsible for about 40% of final energy consumption in Europe. Previous research has shown that ventilated façades help to reduce energy use when cooling buildings in hot and temperate climates. Of the different ventilated façade configurations reported in the literature, the configuration of ventilated façade with window rarely has been studied, and its 3D thermodynamic behavior is deserving of further analysis and modeling. This paper examines the thermal behavior of an opaque ventilated façade with a window, in experimentally and numerical terms and its impact in energy savings to get indoor comfort. Field measurements were conducted during the winter, spring and summer seasons of 2021 using outdoor full scale test cells located in Seville (southern Spain). The modeling of the ventilated façade was carried out using a three-dimensional approach taking into account the 3D behavior of the air flow in the air cavity due to the presence of the window. The validation and comparison process using experimental data showed that the proposed model provided good results from quantitative and qualitative point of view. The reduction of the heat flux was assessed by comparing the energy performance of a ventilated façade with that of an unventilated façade. Both experimental and numerical results showed that the ventilated façade provided a reduction in annual total energy consumption when compared to the unventilated façade, being compensated the winter energy penalization by the summer energy savings. This reduction is about 21% for the whole typical climatic year showing the ability of the opaque ventilated façade studied to reduce energy consumption to insure indoor comfort, making its suitable for use in retrofitting the energy-obsolete building stock built in Spain in the middle decades of the 20 century.

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Pastori, Sofia, Riccardo Mereu, Enrico Sergio Mazzucchelli, Stefano Passoni, and Giovanni Dotelli. "Energy Performance Evaluation of a Ventilated Façade System through CFD Modeling and Comparison with International Standards." Energies 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010193.

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Ventilated façades can help to reduce summer building thermal loads and, therefore, energy consumption due to air-conditioning systems thanks to the combined effect of the solar radiation reflection and the natural or forced ventilation into the cavity. The evaluation of ventilated façades behavior and performance is complex and requires a complete thermo-fluid dynamic analysis. In this study, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) methodology has been developed for the complete assessment of the energy performance of a prefabricated timber–concrete composite ventilated façade module in different operating conditions. Global numerical results are presented as well as local ones in terms of heat flux, air velocity, and temperature inside the façade cavity. The results show the dependency of envelope efficiency on solar radiation, the benefits that natural convection brings on potential energy savings and the importance of designing an optimized façade geometry. The results concerning the façade behavior have been thoroughly compared with International Standards, showing the good accuracy of the model with respect to these well-known procedures. This comparison allowed also to highlight the International Standards procedures limits in evaluating the ventilated façade behavior with the necessary level of detail, with the risk of leading to design faults.

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Tejero-González, Ana, Dorota Anna Krawczyk, José Ramón Martín-Sanz García, Francisco Javier Rey-Martínez, and Eloy Velasco-Gómez. "Improved Performance of a PV Integrated Ventilated Façade at an Existing nZEB." Energies 12, no. 15 (August 6, 2019): 3033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12153033.

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Ventilated façades are among the existing measures to reduce the energy demand in buildings. The combination of this passive heating and cooling strategy with photovoltaics (PV) can drive new buildings towards the current European targets near or even to net zero energy Buildings (nZEB). The present work studies the thermal behavior of the PV integrated ventilated façade applied in the nZEB known as “LUCIA” (acronym in Spanish for “University Centre to Launch Applied Research”) at the University of Valladolid, Spain. The aim is to evaluate the interest of recirculating indoor air within the façade during winter, as an alternative to the present preferred operating mode during the target season, in which the façade acts as further insulation. First, the radiant properties of the PV façade are measured to use the values in a mathematical model that describes the behavior of the ventilated façade in its current operating mode in winter. Then, the solar radiation available, the air-dry bulb temperatures indoors, outdoors and inside the ventilated façade are monitored to obtain experimental data to validate the model. The results show that air recirculation can entail favorable heat gains during 10% of winter, being this alternative preferable to the present operating mode when outdoor temperatures are over 18.4 °C.

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Baciu, I.-R., D. N. Isopescu, M. L. Lupu, S. G. Maxineasa, L. Pruna, and S. Dan. "Ventilated façade solutions." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1242, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1242/1/012002.

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Abstract Reducing the energy consumption needed for creating suitable indoor conditions has become a significant issue on a global scale. The building’s envelope and service systems have the most important influence over the amount of energy consumed. This aspect is related to reducing the heat flux across the building envelope in summer conditions and preventing the condensation and infiltration risk in the winter period. The research regarding ventilated façades has advanced taking into account these advantages, which emphasized the need to study and create constructive solutions adapted to the conditions. In this context, this paper represents a brief introduction to ventilated façades solutions, taking into account the definition, their characteristics, the principal constructive elements, the main types of ventilated facades, and last, but not least, their advantages and disadvantages. The authors believe that the study is critical in fully comprehending the characteristics of these systems and their primary components, as well as designing and implementing them in accordance with current environmental needs. It is anticipated that comprehending this concept, as well as its evolution and trends, can contribute in the resolving of a number of ecological and societal issues.

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Mei, L., D. In”eld, U. Eicker, and V. Fux. "Parameter estimation for ventilated photovoltaic façades." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 23, no. 2 (May 2002): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0143624402bt033oa.

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In this paper, the estimation of thermal parameters that describe the performance of ventilated photovoltaic (PV) façades integrated into buildings is investigated. In the most simpli” ed representation of the thermal characteristics of the building, the key factors are the coef” cients of solar heat gain and total heat loss. For an integrated building with a ventilated PV façade, a more accurate representation involves the interactions between the interior space, the ventilated space of the façade construction, the exterior PV elements, and the outside environmental conditions. The heat loss from the interior consists of both losses to ambient and to the ventilation air via the inner glazing or panelling. A direct numerical approach has been developed to identify the parameters that describe these heat transfer processes. The method allows the heat transfer coef” cients to be obtained directly from data measured on an operational ventilated PV façade. The results are compared with values taken from conventional practice.

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Gregório-Atem, Camila, Carolina Aparicio-Fernández, Helena Coch, and José-Luis Vivancos. "Opaque Ventilated Façade (OVF) Thermal Performance Simulation for Office Buildings in Brazil." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187635.

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Opaque ventilated façades (OVFs) are increasingly gaining in importance in the design of sustainable buildings, given that they can lessen the building´s environmental impact. Opaque ventilated façades can reduce thermal gains in hot climate zones, improving the thermal comfort indoors, and reducing air conditioning demand. Nevertheless, the thermal behaviour of the opaque ventilated façade depends on the climatic conditions and the building´s specific design. This study analyses the effect of opaque ventilated façades in office buildings using 30 constructive configurations under eight tropical climate conditions. The study considers three options for the external layer of cladding (ceramic, stone, and aluminium composite material) and two configurations for the inner layer (plasterboard with mineral wool and ceramic). Simulations were carried out using the software tools TRanNsient SYstem Simulation program (TRNSYS) and TRNFlow. The model developed considers bioclimatic characteristics, including solar radiation and wind conditions for each climatic zone. The operating temperature was selected from within the range established by occupant comfort regulations. The findings suggest that it is possible to select the best office building opaque ventilated façade configuration for each of the specific climate conditions in Brazil.

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Arce-Recatalá, Maria, Soledad García-Morales, and Nathan Van den Bossche. "Quantifying Wind-driven Rain Intrusion – A Comparative Study on The Water Management Features of Different Types of Rear-Ventilated Facade Systems." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 23007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017223007.

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The adequate protection against meteorological conditions of rear-ventilated façades rests on the optimization of the construction design for the joints, cavity depths and wall interfaces. In the late 1990s and early 2000s several authors analysed the water management characteristics of open joints in rainscreen systems, although only few of them attempted to quantify infiltration rates into the air cavity. However, none of these studies provided reliable quantitative data on wind-driven rain intrusion to the water resistive barrier of rear-ventilated façades. The provision of this data will give the means of determining the moisture load to which the façade is to be subjected during a rain event and for which the façade must be able to manage. Consequently, the aim of his paper is to compare quantitatively the water management characteristics of different types of rear-ventilated façade systems by adopting a holistic approach to this kind of enclosure system. In order to conduct this study, three façade systems have been selected based on the type of fixing method and the design of the vertical and horizontal joints. Afterwards, the full-scale mock-ups have been built and tested in controlled laboratory conditions. During these tests, the amount of water infiltrating into the air cavity and the amount of water reaching the water resistive barrier have been measured. Finally, a comparison between the results obtained for every mock-up has been made.

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Ingebretsen, Sara Bredal, Erlend Andenæs, and Tore Kvande. "Microclimate of Air Cavities in Ventilated Roof and Façade Systems in Nordic Climates." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 19, 2022): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050683.

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Accurate values for the climatic conditions in an air cavity, hereby called the microclimate, are crucial when calculating and simulating the performance of a ventilated roof and façade system. The climatic stress of its components and their mould and rot potential influence the long-term durability of the roof or façade. A scoping study is conducted to gain an overview on research and the scientific literature on the microclimate of air cavities in ventilated roofing and claddings in Nordic climates. From the body of the research literature, 21 scientific works were of particular interest, and their findings are summarized. The review shows that only a limited number of studies discuss the microclimate of air cavities. Roofs are discussed to a greater and more varied degree compared to façades and air cavities behind solar panels. However, the results cannot be compared and validated against each other to generally describe the microclimate of air cavities, as the surveyed papers approach the subject differently. This knowledge gap indicates that calculations and simulations can be performed without knowing whether the results represent reality. If the structure of ventilated roof and façade systems are only designed based on experience, it can be difficult to be proactive and adapt to future climate changes. Further studies are needed to determine the relation between the exterior climate and the air cavity microclimate, so that future climate predictions can be used to simulate the long-term performance of ventilated roof and façade systems.

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Olsson, Lars. "Rain resistance of façades with façade details: A summary of three field and laboratory studies." Journal of Building Physics 41, no. 6 (June 13, 2017): 521–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259117713265.

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One of the main functions of the exterior walls and façades is to protect the indoor and the sensitive parts of construction from the outdoor climate. Exposure of driving rain is the most prominent moisture source a wall has to resist. Despite this, there is a lack of information on rain resistance. Field measurements on real-life external walls show that recurrent water leakage under driving rain conditions is observed in five out of seven new-built houses in Sweden, including those with ventilated façades. About a 100 commercial laboratory façade tests, mounted by façade suppliers, and targeted laboratory experiments showed that it is almost impossible to achieve fully tight façade solutions, and keep them sealed. Nearly, all test walls with façade details leaked, almost regardless of façade type and sealing efforts. The results from field and laboratory measurements of rain resistance in new buildings in Sweden show that façades are usually not water-tight and also that very small deficiencies can cause substantial amount of water leakage.

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Juras, Peter, and Pavol Durica. "Measurement of the Green Façade Prototype in a Climate Chamber: Impact of Watering Regime on the Surface Temperatures." Energies 15, no. 7 (March 27, 2022): 2459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15072459.

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Green façades with an active water regime and the water flowing through the substrate itself are not common. This system reduces the temperatures and incorporates the evapotranspiration, which could be more effective than by the regular green façades. The use of a double-skin façade with a ventilated air cavity can reduce the heat load, but the evapotranspiration can reduce it even more with additional benefits. Green façades could also serve as a key element for reducing the surface temperatures of the insulated metal panels (IMP), which are mostly used as a façade system for production facilities or factories. In this paper, a prototype of a double-skin façade, which consisted of vegetation board from recycled materials and IMP, is tested in a climate chamber to evaluate the function and benefits of such a combination. The outdoor skin is made from board, the surface of which is covered by the rooted succulent plants. Measurement results are represented as a direct comparison of single sunny day surface temperatures with and without a double-skin (green) façade. The use of the green façade reduces the indoor surface temperature of IMP by 2.8 °C in this measurement. The use of water circulation through the outdoor skin reduces the temperature of the vegetation board by 28 °C. This could have a great impact on the microclimate around the façade. Because of the controlled environment and ventilation system in a climate chamber, it is not possible to investigate the airflow and solar chimney effect within the ventilated cavity. In addition, it is complicated to show the potential of microclimate change caused by the wet vegetation surface. For the mentioned reasons, the need to carry out “in situ” tests on a model wall under the real conditions was indicated.

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Zamora Mestre, Joan Lluis, and Andrea Niampira. "Lightweight ventilated façade: Acoustic performance in laboratory conditions, analysing the impact of controlled ventilation variations on airborne sound insulation." Building Acoustics 27, no. 4 (May 11, 2020): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x20916719.

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The use of double-sheet enclosures with an intermediate non-ventilated air cavity guarantees a higher airborne sound insulation. The insulation advantages depend on air tightness and the placement of sound absorbing material in the air cavity. The lightweight ventilated façade is a system constructed by the addition of an external light cladding on a heavy single wall to establish an intermediate air cavity. This air cavity can be ventilated under controlled cooling effects, because of Sun’s radiation, and to reduce the risk of dampness caused by rainwater. Owing to this ventilation, acoustic insulation of the lightweight ventilated façade could be less effective. However, some authors indicate that air cavity moderate ventilation does not necessarily lead to a significant reduction in the airborne sound insulation. The authors previously verified this situation in a real building where the existing façade of masonry walls was transformed into a lightweight ventilated façade. The preliminary results indicate the acoustic benefits can be compatible with the hygrothermal benefits derived from controlled ventilation. This article presents the next step, the evaluation of the lightweight ventilated façade acoustic performance under laboratory conditions to revalidate the previous results and refining aspects as the air cavity thickness or the state of openings ventilation. The main results obtained indicate that the airborne sound insulation in laboratory is aligned with the previous results in a real building. Air cavity thickness from 110 to 175 mm and ventilation openings from 0% to 3.84% of the façade area does not lead to a significant reduction in the airborne sound insulation.

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Salvalai, Graziano, and Marta Maria Sesana. "EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT INSULATED FAÇADE TECHNOLOGIES IN SUMMER CONDITION." Journal of Green Building 14, no. 4 (September 2019): 77–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/1943-4618.14.4.77.

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At the present, the ventilated façade is one of the most widely used and most innovative systems characterized by different energy saving features, but due to its complexity, the real performances are difficult to predict by numerical analysis. This work shows the results of the monitoring campaign conducted on two Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) test boxes equipped with different thermal coat technologies to realize the performances comparisons. In particular, the investigation focus on the evaluation of surface temperatures of the different wall layers and the indoor air temperature for: i) a micro ventilated façade and ii) two different ETICS solutions. The monitoring campaign has been conducted during the summer season on walls with equivalent thermal transmittance (U-value) and different thermal capacity. In detail, the experimental work has been performed to estimate the Isotec® wall micro ventilated façade performance in comparison with two traditional ETICS technology: the first one realized with EPS and the second one with high density rock wool insulation. The results show that due to the shading effect provided by the external layer, the temperature within the cavity of the ventilate façade is reduced by 8–10 °C, reducing the cooling loads through the wall by 30–40% with respect to ETICS with EPS. The shading and the ventilation effects balance the presence of thermal insulation with less heat capacity; consequently, it validates the good quality of Isotec® as wall technology with performances comparable to ETICS solution with high density rock wool insulation.

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Echarri Iribarren, Víctor, Ginés Gómez Castelló, and Carlos Rizo Maestre. "Large Format Ceramic Panels Versus Recycled Aluminum Casting Panels: Improvement of the Thermal Behavior of the Museum of Fine Arts of Castellón." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.5 (September 22, 2018): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.5.20048.

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There is a growing awareness towards the use in architecture of construction materials produced in the area in which the buildings are to be implemented. The reduction of environmental impacts derived from the lower consumption of energy in transportation is significant. In addition, the materials used in the façades have special relevance in the value of the annual energy demand. This fact becomes more important in the case of emblematic buildings with social media impact, both for the quality of their design and for the functional contributions they can make. Sometimes, even for purely aesthetic reasons, the paradox of opting for constructive solutions with worse performance, worse aging, a higher cost of maintenance operations or a higher value of annual energy demand is established. In this research the Museum of Fine Arts of Castellón is analyzed, made with cast aluminum recycled panels as a finishing material on the façade. A comparison is made with the alternative scenario, ventilated ceramic façade, of having used large format ceramic panels, produced in the region, where the ceramic sector is a very important cluster. The reduction of the value of the annual energy demand by 12% is evaluated by the improvements established in the ventilated ceramic façade.

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Curpek, Jakub, and Jozef Hraska. "Simulation Study on Thermal Performance of a Ventilated PV Façade Coupled with PCM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.167.

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This paper presents a dynamic thermal model based on DesignBuilder simulation software platform, for a simple office building model with an integrated ventilated PV façade/solar air collector system in climatic conditions of Bratislava, Slovakia. Thermodynamic simulation has been applied in order to express thermal performance of a ventilated PV façade coupled with phase change material through the whole reference year. Attention is focused on simplified approaches which capture the important elements of the problem. The results of simulation show that natural ventilation of PV façade with added phase change material have ability decrease temperatures of PV panel during extreme days more than 20 °C and shift time of peak temperature even more than 5 hours.

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Soudian Shahrzad, SS, and UB Berardi Umberto. "Performance analysis of the MICRO-V (Multifunctional, Integrated, Climate-responsive, Opaque, and Ventilated) façade with different ventilation modes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012024.

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Abstract Climate-responsive facades (CRFs) are a potential solution to respond to transient energy exchanges in buildings to control and enhance the indoor environmental quality (IEQ). In addition to space heating and cooling, adequate ventilation within a thermally comfortable range is critical in new and retrofit constructions, particularly as current high-performance facades maximize airtightness. In this study, an opaque multifunctional CRF (MICRO-V) was investigated to regulate the flow of heat and air into buildings with daily and seasonal responses. This façade is made of phase change materials (PCMs), an adjustable insulation system, and an embedded ventilation unit to provide conditioned fresh air. The effect of different ventilation modes (balanced, only-exhaust, only-supply) on the overall thermal performance of the façade was studied. A CFD simulation study in the context of Toronto, Canada, in the cooling season was performed. The study showed a correlation between increased airspeed and overall heat recovery in the façade, with an average of 75-80% heat recovery between the indoor exhaust air and fresh supply air. The results showed how the façade’s operational modes could be adjusted based on the outdoor climate conditions. MICRO-V is a decentralized façade system with simultaneous air supply and exhaust, the findings showed the interconnected behaviour of the components in the façade and how it can provide conditioned fresh air.

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Lops, Camilla, Nicola Germano, Alessandro Ricciutelli, Valerio D’Alessandro, and Sergio Montelpare. "Naturally Ventilated Double Skin Façades: Comparisons Between Different CFD Models." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 6 (December 22, 2021): 837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080601.

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Double Skin Façades (DSFs) have become widespread solutions commonly employed in new and existing buildings in the last decades. Since its introduction, the multi-layered façade has improved profoundly, assuming more articulate and complex shapes for better energy performances and combining advanced technologies as innovative materials or systems. However, the effectiveness and the thermal behaviour of DSFs should be carefully evaluated since the design phase by selecting proper methodologies, thus avoiding inaccurate results. In fact, the correct estimation of the airflows inside DSF channels is heavily influenced by the simulation settings. Furthermore, the lack of measurements or empirical validations in the field is the primary source of concern for researchers. Considering the available numerical methods for investigating DSFs, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations have proven to be the most appropriate option. The present work compares multiple Double Skin Façade configurations by performing CFD analyses and adopting different turbulence models in bi- and three-dimensional domains. The results underline the capability of 2D models in predicting the fluxes inside the DSF channel and in the domain. Furthermore, comparisons among the velocity profiles estimated by adopting different turbulence formulations highlight only slight variations, especially in proximity to the perturbated areas of the cavity.

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Sánchez, María Nuria, Emanuela Giancola, Eduardo Blanco, Silvia Soutullo, and María José Suárez. "Experimental Validation of a Numerical Model of a Ventilated Façade with Horizontal and Vertical Open Joints." Energies 13, no. 1 (December 27, 2019): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13010146.

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Commercial and residential building is one of the four major final energy consumption and end-use sectors. In this sector, cooling loads represent an important part of the energy consumption, and therefore, they must be minimized, improving the energy efficiency of buildings. Ventilated façades are one of the most widely used passive elements that are integrated into buildings, precisely with the aim of reducing these loads. This reduction is due to the airflow induced in the air cavity by the buoyancy forces, when the solar radiation heats the outer layer of the façade. In the open joint ventilated facades (OJVF), ventilation is attained through the open joints between the panels composing the outer layer. Despite the steadily growing research in the characterization of this type of system, few studies combine the numerical modelling of OJVF with experimental results for the assessment of the airflow in the ventilated cavities. This paper experimentally validates a numerical simulation model of an OJVF. Firstly, the façade performance has been experimentally assessed in a laboratory model determining the temperatures in the panels and air gap and measuring the flow field at the gap using particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques. Secondly, a numerical model has been developed using advanced Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation tools. Finally, an experimental validation of the numerical model has been done. Experimental and numerical results are compared in different planes inside the ventilated cavity. The discrete ordinates (DO) radiation model and the k-ε renormalisation group (RNG) turbulence model better adjust the simulated results to the experimental ones.

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Sukamto, Dwinanto, Monica Siroux, and Francois Gloriant. "Hot Box Investigations of a Ventilated Bioclimatic Wall for NZEB Building Façade." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 1327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051327.

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The building sector is the largest consumer of energy, but there are still major scientific challenges in this field. The façade, being the interface between the exterior and interior space, plays a key role in the energy efficiency of a building. In this context, this paper focuses on a ventilated bioclimatic wall for nearly zero-energy buildings (NZEB). The aim of this study is to investigate an experimental setup based on a hot box for the characterization of the thermal performances of the ventilated wall. A specific ventilated prototype and an original thermal metrology are developed. This paper presents the ventilated prototype, the experimental setup, and the experimental results on the thermal performances of the ventilated wall. The influence of the air space thickness and the air flow rate on the thermal performances of the ventilated wall is studied.

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Han, Jun, Lin Lu, Jinqing Peng, and Hongxing Yang. "Performance of ventilated double-sided PV façade compared with conventional clear glass façade." Energy and Buildings 56 (January 2013): 204–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.017.

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Recatalá, María Arce, Soledad García Morales, and Nathan Van den Bossche. "Inspecciones en la gestión del agua de fachadas ventiladas basadas en la evaluación in situ y pruebas de laboratorio = Insights in the water management characteristics of rear-ventilated façades based on on-site assessment and laboratory testing." Anales de Edificación 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/ade.2017.3530.

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ResumenLas fachadas ventiladas son sistemas de construcción de fachadas contemporáneas, que incorporan funciones para la gestión del agua en su diseño y construcción. Sin embargo, muy a menudo estas funciones para la gestión de agua no funcionan adecuadamente en todo el sistema del recinto debido a un mal diseño de los detalles constructivos, fallas de construcción en la fachada o lagunas en la comprensión de los mecanismos de infiltración de lluvia, causando que el agua penetre en estos sistemas. El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar algunas ideas sobre cómo funcionan las características de gestión del agua de las fachadas ventiladas en todo el recinto del edificio. Posteriormente, se ha probado una maqueta a escala completa en condiciones de laboratorio. Finalmente, se ha realizado una comparación entre el análisis in situ y los resultados obtenidos en las pruebas de laboratorio, concluyendo que es posible mejorar el comportamiento de gestión del agua de las fachadas ventiladas con la acción combinada de la lluvia y las presiones del viento, si los mecanismos que pueden causar infiltración de agua son bien comprendidosAbstractRear-ventilated façades are contemporary façade construction systems, which incorporate water management features into their design and construction. However, quite often these water management features do not properly work in the whole enclosure syste due to bad design of the constructive details, construction flaws in the façade or gaps in the understanding of the rain infiltration mechanisms causing water to penetrate in these systems. Consequently, the aim of his paper is to present some insights of how the water management features of rear-ventilated façades perform in the whole enclosure system of the building. Subsequently, a full-scale mock-up has been tested in laboratory conditions. Finally, a comparison between the on-site analysis and the results obtained in the laboratory tests has been made, concluding that it is possible to improve the water management performance of rear-ventilated façades to the combined action of wind-driven rain and driving rain wind pressures if the mechanisms that might cause water infiltration are well understood.

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Tudiwer, David, and Azra Korjenic. "The Risk of Humidity at Greened Façades." Applied Mechanics and Materials 861 (December 2016): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.861.343.

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This paper shows the results of a project that investigated the humidity of the air in the ventilation gap of a green façade system. The systems which were investigated are made of aluminium troughs, aluminium modules, or fleece. These systems are mounted on metal rails. The metal rails connect the façade with the plants. This creates a curtain façade that is ventilated by air. The humidity of the air in the gap was investigated, and this paper shows the results of the investigation.

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Adamczak-Bugno, Anna, Grzegorz Świt, and Aleksandra Krampikowska. "Fibre-Cement Panel Ventilated Façade Smart Control System." Materials 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2021): 5076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14175076.

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This paper outlines a design for a fibre-cement panel ventilated façade smart control system based on the acoustic emission method. The paper also provides methodology and test results, as well as statistical analysis of the three-point bending results with AE signal acquisition as a basis for the development of the system in question. The test items were samples cut from a full-size fibre-cement panel for interior and exterior use, according to the standard guidelines. The recorded acoustic emission signals were classified statistically into four classes, which were assigned to the processes occurring in the material structure as a result of the applied load. The system development was based on the differences between the characteristics of the individual signal classes and their number for each test case, as well as on the different distribution of successive classes over time. Given the results of the tests and the resulting conclusions indicating the applicability of the acoustic emission method (based on signal classification using the k-means algorithm for the assessment of variations in the mechanical parameters of cement-fibre composites), a methodology for such assessment was therefore developed. The approach proposed is a reasonable method for assessing the variation in mechanical parameters of fibre-cement panels on the basis of the parameters determined by the non-destructive method indicated.

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Tao, Yao, Xiang Fang, Sujeeva Setunge, Jiyuan Tu, Jingcheng Liu, and Long Shi. "Naturally ventilated double-skin façade with adjustable louvers." Solar Energy 225 (September 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2021.07.013.

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Paar, Michael Johann, and Alexander Petutschnigg. "Biomimetic inspired, natural ventilated façade – A conceptual study." Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 4, no. 3-4 (July 8, 2017): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fde-171645.

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Jiru, Teshome Edae, and Fariborz Haghighat. "Modeling ventilated double skin façade—A zonal approach." Energy and Buildings 40, no. 8 (January 2008): 1567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.02.017.

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Arena, R., S. Aneli, G. M. Tina, and A. Gagliano. "Experimental analysis of the performances of ventilated photovoltaic facades." Renewable Energy and Power Quality Journal 20 (September 2022): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24084/repqj20.257.

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To reach the EU 2030 goals for reducing greenhouse gas emissions targets and achieving high-performing buildings, it is mandatory to increase energy generation through renewable sources. In this context, existing and new buildings should be equipped with building-integrated photovoltaic plants (BiPV). However, BiPV system integration into the building envelope could harm the electrical efficiency due to an increase in the temperature of the cells. The purpose of this work is to analyse the performance of BiPV façade naturally ventilated. With this aim, two prototypes of ventilated façade equipped with mono and bifacial PV modules have been realised. The first stage of this research presents the features of these two prototypes, the monitoring system and some preliminary experimental data. In particular, the daily temperatures of the flowing air in the cavity, on the front and the back of mono e bifacial modules are shown, during the investigated days. The observation allowed us to highlight the positive effects of the ventilated air gap, as well as the different behaviour of the two investigated PV facades. Further stages foresee the analysis of these BIPV ventilated facades through fluid dynamics simulations, as well as their electrical performance.

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Colombo, Isabella Giorgia, Matteo Colombo, and Marco Di Prisco. "TRC sandwich solution for energy retrofitting." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 33 (March 3, 2022): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2022.33.0098.

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Concerning energy improvement of existing façades, a favourable system involves prefabricated multilayer panels, made of internal insulation core and outer textile reinforced concrete layers. It is a convincing alternative to external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS) and ventilated façades, and it meets all the requirements for façade systems. The main advantage is the possibility toapply the panel using a crane, without any scaffolding. The paper considers two solutions: the former uses expanded polystyrene (EPS) as insulating material; the latter substitutes EPS with an innovative green insulation material made of inorganic diatomite. The paper aims at comparing the solutions in terms of mechanical properties of the components and behaviour of the composite sandwich at lab-scale level. Numerical models, previously calibrated, will be instrumental for the discussion.

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Kopyłow, Ołeksij. "Ventilated façade systems. Design and workmanship faults affecting the functionality and safe use." MATEC Web of Conferences 284 (2019): 02004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928402004.

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Ventilated facade systems are increasingly used in modern construction industry. It is connected with a wide range of available wall claddings which allow to create distinctive architectural buildings (ventilated facade system made of fiber cement sheets won the prestigious European Prize for Urban Public Space 2016). If constructed properly, the ventilated facade systems have a positive effect on thermal insulation properties of building walls. With an increasing interest in this type of facade solutions, one can also notice an increased number of problems with the quality of the design documentation and construction works which affect the safe use of the building, thermal insulation properties of partition walls, the comfort of use. The paper presents basic faults found in the design and workmanship of the ventilated facade systems.

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Petresevics, Fanni, and Balázs Nagy. "FEM-Based Evaluation of the Point Thermal Transmittance of Various Types of Ventilated Façade Cladding Fastening Systems." Buildings 12, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1153. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12081153.

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The prevalence of ventilated façade systems is not only due to their aesthetic properties but also due to the fact they provide mechanical and acoustic protection for the façade and reduce the energy demand of the building. However, it is essential to mention that the point thermal bridges of the fastening system with brackets and anchors are often neglected during simplified energy performance calculations and practical design tasks. The reason practitioners do not consider the brackets in the calculation is the lack of standards for the simplified calculation of point thermal transmittances, or there being no comprehensive, manufacturer-independent thermal bridge catalogue available. This study aims to evaluate the point thermal transmittances created by the brackets and anchors of the ventilated façade claddings by using 3D numerical thermal modelling. A broad point thermal bridge catalogue was created, considering multiple factors of the ventilated facades. The FEM-based results show that thermal breaks/isolators could reduce the point thermal transmittances by only 2 to 28%, depending on the material of the brackets and the isolators. The brackets’ material and geometrical properties/parameters could cause up to 70% of difference between corrected and uncorrected thermal transmittance values, as well as significant differences between the results if the brackets were applied to different kinds of masonry walls or reinforced concrete walls.

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Colinart, Thibaut, Mathieu Bendouma, and Patrick Glouannec. "Impact of radiation on hygrothermal behavior of ventilated cavity wall." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202014.

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This work deals with the performance of a high school building renovated with prefabricated ventilated façade elements through a field experimental study under oceanic climate. Temperature, relative humidity and heat flux were measured at different points of the renovated façade and are analyzed as function of the exterior boundary conditions. The measured data are compared to numerical results. For this purpose, two models are considered: an energy balance is made for the cladding, while a heat and moisture transfer model is solved within the insulation materials. In this study, particular attention is paid in the influence of the radiative exchanges in short and long wavelengths on the hygrothermal behavior of the retrofitted wall.

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Deng, Ji-Yu, Nyuk Hien Wong, Daniel Jun Chung Hii, Zhongqi Yu, Erna Tan, Meng Zhen, and Shanshan Tong. "Indoor Thermal Environment in Different Generations of Naturally Ventilated Public Residential Buildings in Singapore." Atmosphere 13, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122118.

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This study aims to evaluate and compare the indoor air velocities and thermal environment inside different generations of public residential buildings developed by the Housing and Development Board (HDB) of Singapore and analyze the impact of façade design on the indoor thermal environment. To achieve this goal, several case studies were carried out, namely, five typical HDB blocks built in different generations from the 1970s to recent years. Firstly, these five blocks with different façade design features were simulated to obtain the indoor air temperatures for both window-closed and window-open scenarios by using the EnergyPlus V22.2.0 (U.S. Department of Energy) and Design-Builder v6 software(DesignBuilder Software Ltd, Stroud, Gloucs, UK). Meanwhile, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted to obtain the area-weighted wind velocities in the corresponding zones to evaluate the indoor thermal comfort. Accordingly, the effects of façade design on indoor air temperatures under both the window-closed and window-open conditions were compared and analyzed. Positive correlations between the facades’ window-to-wall ratio (WWR) and the residential envelope transmittance value (RETV) and Ta were confirmed with statistical significance at a 0.05 level. Furthermore, the indoor thermal comfort based on the wind open scenarios was also investigated. The results indicate that the thermal environment can be greatly improved by implementing proper façade design strategies as well as opening the windows, which could result in an average 3.2 °C reduction in Ta. Finally, some principles were proposed for the façade design of residential buildings in tropical regions with similar climate conditions.

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Recatala, Maria Arce, Soledad Garcia Morales, and Nathan van den Bossche. "Experimental assessment of rainwater management of a ventilated façade." Journal of Building Physics 42, no. 1 (July 20, 2017): 38–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259117719077.

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Façades are not watertight systems in which the exterior surface of the cladding plays the role of the water shedding surface; the air space is the drainage plane; the exterior surface of the thermal insulation layer acts as water-resistive barrier, and the interior layer of the inner leaf is supposed to be the air barrier. The degree of watertightness of ventilated façades relies on the characteristics of the materials used, the geometry of the external cladding element, and edge profile of the joints. Hence, in this article, we extrapolate the laboratory testing to develop a holistic approach on the water management of ventilated façades. The laboratory test showed that 50% of the water deposited to the surface of the wall splashes back, 22% creates a runoff film along the exterior surface of the cladding, 27% infiltrates into the cavity behind the cladding, and <1% reaches the inner layer of the wall. Given these results, the moisture load has been determined for a range of wind-driven rain loads and vertical joint configurations. Such information can be used as input to hygrothermal simulations.

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Marzban, Samin, Lan Ding, and Francesco Fiorito. "An Evolutionary Approach to Single-sided Ventilated Façade Design." Procedia Engineering 180 (2017): 582–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.04.217.

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Lau, Siu-Kit, Yong Zhao, Veronika Shabunko, Yuan Chao, Stephen Siu-Yu Lau, Abel Tablada, and Thomas Reindl. "Optimization and Evaluation of Naturally Ventilated BIPV Façade Design." Energy Procedia 150 (September 2018): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2018.09.003.

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Garraín, Daniel, Israel Herrera, Irene Rodríguez-Serrano, Yolanda Lechón, Arif Hepbasli, Mustafa Araz, Emrah Biyik, et al. "Sustainability indicators of a naturally ventilated photovoltaic façade system." Journal of Cleaner Production 266 (September 2020): 121946. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121946.

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37

Dama, Alessandro, Diego Angeli, and Olena Kalyanova Larsen. "Naturally ventilated double-skin façade in modeling and experiments." Energy and Buildings 144 (June 2017): 17–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.03.038.

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38

Santa Cruz Astorqui, Jaime, and César Porras-Amores. "Ventilated Façade with double chamber and flow control device." Energy and Buildings 149 (August 2017): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2017.04.063.

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39

Suárez, María José, Cristina Sanjuan, Antonio José Gutiérrez, Jorge Pistono, and Eduardo Blanco. "Energy evaluation of an horizontal open joint ventilated façade." Applied Thermal Engineering 37 (May 2012): 302–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.11.034.

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Fürtön, Balázs, Fanni Petresevics, and Balázs Nagy. "BIM-based building physics modelling of ventilated façade systems." E3S Web of Conferences 362 (2022): 04001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202236204001.

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In this study, a BIM-based building physics modelling of a ventilated façade of a multistorey residential building was made to obtain the thermal performance of the construction. The workflow is performed in an open BIM environment using Archicad to create the model and Comsol Multiphysics for performing the numerical simulations. After creating a suitable workflow and performing the finite element simulations, we determined the thermal impact of the supporting brackets and the dowels securing the thermal insulation, respectively. We also calculated the thermal performance using simplified methods according to standards to evaluate the BIM-based results.

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41

Picallo-Perez, Ana, and José María Sala-Lizarraga. "Energy and exergy analysis of an experimental ventilated façade." Energy and Buildings 280 (February 2023): 112737. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2022.112737.

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42

Sanjuan, Cristina, María José Suárez, Marcos González, Jorge Pistono, and Eduardo Blanco. "Energy performance of an open-joint ventilated façade compared with a conventional sealed cavity façade." Solar Energy 85, no. 9 (September 2011): 1851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2011.04.028.

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43

Giraldo, María P., Ana Lacasta, Jaume Avellaneda, and Camila Burgos. "Computer-simulation study on fire behaviour in the ventilated cavity of ventilated façade systems." MATEC Web of Conferences 9 (2013): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20130903002.

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Ordoumpozanis, Konstantinos, Theodoros Theodosiou, Dimitrios Bouris, and Katerina Tsikaloudaki. "Energy and thermal modeling of building façade integrated photovoltaics." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 3 (2018): 921–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci170905025o.

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Electricity generation on site is a design challenge aiming at supporting the concept of energy-autonomous building. Many projects worldwide have promoted the installation of photovoltaic panels on urban buildings, aiming at utilizing a large area to produce electricity. In most cases, photovoltaics are considered strictly as electricity generators, neglecting their effect to the efficiency and to the thermal behaviour of the building envelope. The integrated performance of photovoltaic ventilated fa?ades, where the photovoltaics are regarded as part of a complicated envelope system, provides design challenges and problems that cannot be overlooked within the framework of the Nearly Zero Energy Building concept. In this study, a finite volume model for photovoltaic ventilated fa?ades is developed, experimentally validated and found to have a significant convergence to measured data.

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Garay-Martinez, Roberto, and Beñat Arregi. "Curtain Wall with Solar Preheating of Ventilation Air. Full Scale Experimental Assessment." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 09007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017209007.

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Heating load in Commercial buildings is highly related with ventilation systems, while at the same time local discomfort in the vicinity of glass walls occurs due to overheating. In this paper, a novel double envelope curtain wall is presented, which extracts heat from the façade by means of a ventilated cavity which is then incorporated to the ventilation air intake. A substantial reduction of heating loads is achieved. Whenever solar gains are not sought, a bypass element allows the natural ventilation of this air cavity, acting as a ventilated façade. An integrated control system with embedded electronics and actuators allows for a smart control of the system. The system is designed for integration with existing rooftop ventilation systems. Design considerations are discussed, and the outcomes of a full-scale experiment conducted in Bilbao (Spain) along 2019 presented.

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Hviid, Christian A., Dessy Wina Harjani, and Fabricio Lucchesi. "Internal insulation retrofit with ventilated wall and circulation of dry air – focus on airflow distribution and mitigation of noise." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 06066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911106066.

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External façade retrofit changes the look, feel and aesthetics of the building and internal façade retrofit changes the heat and moisture conditions of the existing façade. The ventilated internal insulation wall is an existing solution for internal retrofit applications that promises to be an efficient and moisture resilient retrofit solution. It has a ventilated cavity and the moisture content in the cavity is actively controlled by a small dehumidifier unit mounted in the wall. The dehumidifier circulates air inside the air cavity and any excessive moisture is ejected into the room air. The focus of the paper is on mitigating noise from the dehumidifer by analyzing the required airflow rate, the air distribution inside the air cavity as well as optimizing the dehumidifier. CFD simulations were carried out to analyze airflow velocities and distribution and the final results show a possible 30% reduction in the airflow rate without compromising the drying performance. In addition, experimental studies in noise mitigation were performed. Different dehumidifier designs with different fan configurations were tested. A significant noise reduction was obtained from 39 dB(A) to a noise level of approx. 26 dB(A).

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Yang, Hua, Qian Zhao Wan, Bin Yang, Chunhua Sun, Guo Qiang Xia, and Jiao Wang. "A Summer Case Study on Applying Ventilated Double-Skin Facade to a Building in Cold Zone of China." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 1682–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.1682.

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It is crucial for ventilated double-skin facade (DSF) compared to single- skin facade to avoid high energy consumption, optic pollution and inadequate ventilation problems. In this paper, the performance of ventilated DSF applied to a building located in a university in cold zone (Tianjin) of China is tested. The original conditions of both outdoor and indoor within each testing room are comparatively same.The temperature behaviors of both the ventilated air cavity of DSF and indoor space with different experimental modes during summer are investigated. Additionally, the effects on indoor temperature due to the ventilated DSF with different modes in summer are also analyzed. The results shows that the ventilated DSF is a effective approach to reduce indoor temperature; the opening airflow windows of external façade of the DSF should be effective to lower temperature of both the ventilated air cavity of DSF and indoor space.

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Haase, Matthias, and Alex Amato. "Simplified Convective Heat Transfer in Vertical Airflow Regimes with Shading Device." Defect and Diffusion Forum 312-315 (April 2011): 665–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.312-315.665.

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The design of ventilated glass-glass facades in large buildings seems a promising technology to enhance energy efficient building design. In order to describe the optical and thermal heat transfer mechanism in glass-glass configurations with vertical airflow regimes radiation and conduction models have been developed and validated. The convective heat transfer can be calculated depending on air temperatures and air velocity. But obstructions in the vertical airflow regime (i.e. shading device) with reflective and absorptive properties demand the set-up of a new heat transfer balance. Radiative, conductive, and convective heat transfer coefficients for the heat transfer through glass-glass configuration with internal obstructions were developed. The simulation results were validated with measured data of air temperature regimes and different solar radiation in an existing ventilated double-skin façade. The comparison show very good agreement and give confidence in using the model for further energy analysis of this type of façade.

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Yun, Geun Young, Mike McEvoy, and Koen Steemers. "Design and overall energy performance of a ventilated photovoltaic façade." Solar Energy 81, no. 3 (March 2007): 383–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2006.06.016.

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Karava, P., T. Stathopoulos, and A. K. Athienitis. "Airflow assessment in cross-ventilated buildings with operable façade elements." Building and Environment 46, no. 1 (January 2011): 266–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.07.022.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ventilated façade'

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