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Journal articles on the topic 'Ventilation And Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 September 2023

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1

Hasan Talukder, Md Sadiqul. "Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Systems." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 13, no. 05 (2016): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-1305012835.

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2

Asim, Nilofar, Marzieh Badiei, Masita Mohammad, et al. "Sustainability of Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) Systems in Buildings—An Overview." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 2 (2022): 1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19021016.

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Increasing demand on heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and their importance, as the respiratory system of buildings, in developing and spreading various microbial contaminations and diseases with their huge global energy consumption share have forced researchers, industries, and policymakers to focus on improving the sustainability of HVAC systems. Understanding and considering various parameters related to the sustainability of new and existing HVAC systems as the respiratory system of buildings are vital to providing healthy, energy-efficient, and economical options f

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Fisher, G., B. Ligman, T. Brennan, R. Shaughnessy, B. H. Turk, and B. Snead. "Radon Mitigation in Schools Utilising Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning Systems." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 56, no. 1-4 (1994): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a082421.

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Abstract As part of a continuing radon in schools technology development effort, EPA's School Evaluation Team has performed radon mitigation in schools by the method of ventilation/pressurisation control technology. Ventilation rates were increased, at a minimum, to meet the American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) standard Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality (ASHRAE 62-1989). This paper presents the results and the preliminary evaluations which led to the team's decision to implement this technology. Factors considered include energy penalti

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4

Basile, M. C., V. Bruni, F. Buccolini, D. De Canditiis, S. Tagliaferri, and D. Vitulano. "Automatic and Noninvasive Indoor Air Quality Control in HVAC Systems." Journal of Industrial Mathematics 2016 (June 30, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9674387.

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This paper presents a methodology for assessing and monitoring the cleaning state of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system of a building. It consists of a noninvasive method for measuring the amount of dust in the whole ventilation system, that is, the set of filters and air ducts. Specifically, it defines the minimum amount of measurements, their time table, locations, and acquisition conditions. The proposed method promotes early intervention on the system and it guarantees high indoor air quality and proper HVAC working conditions. The effectiveness of the method is pro

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Kang, Byung Ha, and Hyun Jin Lee. "A Review of Recent Research on Automotive HVAC Systems for EVs." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 25, no. 04 (2017): 1730003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132517300038.

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Automotive heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are of particular interest from the viewpoint of improving fuel economy, especially in electric vehicles (EVs) such as hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs), and battery electric vehicles (BEVs). This paper describes recent research on automotive air-conditioning and heating technologies after classifying them into heat pump applications, control and operation, heat exchangers, refrigerants, thermal comfort, localized HVAC systems, and additional energy-saving systems. Even though many researche

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Yang, Kai-Shing, Jin-Cherng Shyu, and Ming-Tsang Lee. "Special Issue: “Emerging Technologies in Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) Systems”." Processes 10, no. 7 (2022): 1410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10071410.

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Bernard, Jiří, Lukáš Frič, Olga Rubinová, Marcela Počinková, Aleš Rubina, and Ondřej Jelínek. "Microbiological Aspects of Energy-Efficient HVAC (Ventilation) Systems Houses." Advanced Materials Research 1041 (October 2014): 354–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1041.354.

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Currently it is under pressure to reduce the energy consumption of the buildings. The pressure is noticeably reflected in the current way of building designing, in general. Therefore, essential part of these objects become air-conditioning (ventilation) systems, mainly due to possibilities of heat recovery and controlled ventilation. This contribution focuses on ventilation systems, low energy houses, which aims to highlight the issue of purity of these systems on the microbial level. Evaluate the impact of external and internal environment following the condition of HVAC systems in time, in t

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Nazari, Ata, Jiarong Hong, Farzad Taghizadeh-Hesary, and Farhad Taghizadeh-Hesary. "Reducing Virus Transmission from Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems of Urban Subways." Toxics 10, no. 12 (2022): 796. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10120796.

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Aerosols carrying the virus inside enclosed spaces is an important mode of transmission for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as supported by growing evidence. Urban subways are one of the most frequented enclosed spaces. The subway is a utilitarian and low-cost transit system in modern society. However, studies are yet to demonstrate patterns of viral transmission in subway heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. To fill this gap, we performed a computational investigation of the airflow (and associated aerosol transmission) in an urban subway ca

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Seong, Nam-Chul, Jee-Heon Kim, and Wonchang Choi. "Optimal Control Strategy for Variable Air Volume Air-Conditioning Systems Using Genetic Algorithms." Sustainability 11, no. 18 (2019): 5122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11185122.

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This study is aimed at developing a real-time optimal control strategy for variable air volume (VAV) air-conditioning in a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system using genetic algorithms and a simulated large-scale office building. The two selected control variables are the settings for the supply air temperature and the duct static pressure to provide optimal control for the VAV air-conditioning system. Genetic algorithms were employed to calculate the optimal control settings for each control variable. The proposed optimal control conditions were evaluated according to the

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Rachman, Arfidian, Lisa Nesti, and Asmara Yanto. "Study of the VRF/VRV Air Conditioning System in the Hospital: A Review of Economic and Environmental Aspects." Jurnal Teknik Mesin 12, no. 1 (2022): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21063/jtm.2022.v12.i1.17-25.

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Heating, ventilation and air cooling (HVAC) systems are the largest users of electrical energy in the hospital. The results showed that hospitals represent about 60% of the total energy consumption in the utility building sector. In this paper, it is presented about energy efficiency and the potential for energy savings in HVAC systems in hospitals. Conditioning systems with Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) or Variable Refrigerant Volume (VRV) Technology allow for greater energy efficiency and cost savings compared to traditional HVAC systems.

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Dehestani, Davood, Jafar Madadnia, Homa Koosha, and Fahimeh Eftekhari. "Comprehensive Analysis for Air Supply Fan Faults Based on HVAC Mathematical Model." Advanced Materials Research 452-453 (January 2012): 460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.452-453.460.

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Due to the growing demand on high efficient heat ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, how to improve the efficiency of HVAC system regarding reduces energy consumption of system has become one of the critical issues. Reports indicate that efficiency and availability are heavily dependent upon high reliability and maintainability. Recently, the concept of e-maintenance has been introduced to reduce the cost of maintenance. In e-maintenance systems, the fault detection and isolation (FDI) system plays a crucial role for identifying failures. Finding healthy HVAC source as the referen

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Chien, Tsung-Yi, Ching-Chieh Liang, Feng-Jen Wu, Chi-Tsung Chen, Ting-Hsin Pan, and Gwo-Hwa Wan. "Comparative Analysis of Energy Consumption, Indoor Thermal–Hygrometric Conditions, and Air Quality for HVAC, LDAC, and RDAC Systems Used in Operating Rooms." Applied Sciences 10, no. 11 (2020): 3721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10113721.

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As controlling temperature and humidity is crucial for maintaining comfort and preventing microbial growth, operating rooms (ORs) are the most energy-intensive areas in hospitals. We aimed to evaluate the energy consumption of three dehumidification air conditioning systems used in ORs and their corresponding air quality for ORs at rest. This study selected three ORs using a conventional heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system; a liquid desiccant air conditioning (LDAC) system; and a rotary desiccant air conditioning (RDAC) system, respectively. The indoor thermal–hygrometric

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Pirouz, Behrouz, Stefania Anna Palermo, Seyed Navid Naghib, Domenico Mazzeo, Michele Turco, and Patrizia Piro. "The Role of HVAC Design and Windows on the Indoor Airflow Pattern and ACH." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (2021): 7931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147931.

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The purpose of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are to create optimum thermal comfort and appropriate indoor air quality (IAQ) for occupants. Air ventilation systems can significantly affect the health risk in indoor environments, especially those by contaminated aerosols. Therefore, the main goal of the study is to analyze the indoor airflow patterns in the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and the impact of outlets/windows. The other goal of this study is to simulate the trajectory of the aerosols from a human sneeze, investigate the impact of

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Lee, Chi-Yuan, Xin-Wen Wang, and Chen-Kai Liu. "A Micro Air Velocity Sensor for Measuring the Internal Environment of the Cold Air Ducts of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Systems." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (2022): 2198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122198.

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A wireless flexible air velocity microsensor was developed by using micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. Polyimide (PI) material was selected for the waterproof and oilproof requirements of the cold air duct environment of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and then a wireless flexible micro air velocity sensor was completed. To obtain real-time wireless measurements of the air velocity inside the cold air ducts of an HVAC system, and to create a measurements database, the deployment locations and quantity of micro air velocity sensors for the internal en

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15

Lin, Chang-Ming, Hsin-Yu Liu, Ko-Ying Tseng, and Sheng-Fuu Lin. "Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning System Optimization Control Strategy Involving Fan Coil Unit Temperature Control." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (2019): 2391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112391.

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The objective of this study was to develop a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system optimization control strategy involving fan coil unit (FCU) temperature control for energy conservation in chilled water systems to enhance the operating efficiency of HVAC systems. The proposed control strategy involves three techniques, which are described as follows. The first technique is an algorithm for dynamic FCU temperature setting, which enables the FCU temperature to be set in accordance with changes in the outdoor temperature to satisfy the indoor thermal comfort for occupants. The

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Sierla, Seppo, Heikki Ihasalo, and Valeriy Vyatkin. "A Review of Reinforcement Learning Applications to Control of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems." Energies 15, no. 10 (2022): 3526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15103526.

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Reinforcement learning has emerged as a potentially disruptive technology for control and optimization of HVAC systems. A reinforcement learning agent takes actions, which can be direct HVAC actuator commands or setpoints for control loops in building automation systems. The actions are taken to optimize one or more targets, such as indoor air quality, energy consumption and energy cost. The agent receives feedback from the HVAC systems to quantify how well these targets have been achieved. The feedback is captured by a reward function designed by the developer of the reinforcement learning ag

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Diga, Dina, Irina Severin, and Nicoleta Daniela Ignat. "Quality Study on Vehicle Heat Ventilation and Air Conditioning Failure." Sustainability 13, no. 23 (2021): 13441. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132313441.

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The automotive industry has set a highly demanding standard to meet customer satisfaction. The paper aimed to detail how quality analysis has been conducted to state the main causes that generated nonconformities of heat, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Problems have been reported on HVAC systems, such as noise, not being cold enough and moldy smell issues. All three problems determined by customer reports initiated the first contribution of this paper, namely by an initial quality study, and generated the investigation using is/is not problem scoping, data analysis, and graph

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Yin, Haiguo, Angui Li, Linna Li, and Rui Wu. "Performance Evaluation of An Innovative Column Attachment Ventilation." E3S Web of Conferences 111 (2019): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911101028.

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An innovative column attachment ventilation (CAV) was proposed for heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and its performance was evaluated through experimental investigation and numerical modeling. Airflow pattern, air temperature distribution, air diffusion performance index (ADPI), predicted mean vote (PMV), and draught rate (DR), were used as the performance indicators to investigate the air distribution performance. The ventilation effectiveness for heat removal in the CAV mode was compared with a conventional mixing ventilation (MV). The results showed that the discharg

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Kryvomaz, Tetiana, Dmytro Varavin, and Rostyslav Sipakov. "Impact Assessment of the ventilation systems on microbiological safety and microclimatic conditions of premises." Dspace repository, no. 2020 (October 2020): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32557/issn.2640-9631.2020.1.

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The critical aspects of the impact of microbiological contamination on ventilation and air conditioning systems, the microclimate of the premises, and human health are analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of premises depends on their functional purpose, design features, operating conditions, climate, and other factors, among which the method of ventilation is essential. The moisturizers in the air conditioning system are hazardous, which provide bacteria and fungi with water necessary for their life and reproduction. In addition, contaminants accumulated in

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Kryvomaz, T., D. Varavin, R. Sipakov, and R. Kuzmishina. "Impact Assessment of the ventilation systems on microbiological safety and microclimatic conditions of premises." Ventilation, Illumination and Heat Gas Supply 35 (December 27, 2020): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2409-2606.2020.35.49-61.

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The critical aspects of the impact of microbiological contamination on ventilation and air conditioning systems, the microclimate of the premises, and human health are analyzed. The quantitative and qualitative composition of the microflora of premises depends on their functional purpose, design features, operating conditions, climate, and other factors, among which the method of ventilation is essential. The moisturizers in air conditioning system are hazardous, which provide bacteria and fungi with water necessary for their life and reproduction. In addition, contaminants accumulated in vent

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21

Imal, Muharrem. "Design and Implementation of Energy Efficiency in HVAC Systems Based on Robust PID Control for Industrial Applications." Journal of Sensors 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/954159.

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Energy efficiency in heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems is a primary concern in process projects, since the energy consumption has the highest percentage in HVAC for all processes. Without sacrifice of thermal comfort, to reset the suitable operating parameters, such as the humidity and air temperature, would have energy saving with immediate effect. In this paper, the simulation-optimization approach described the effective energy efficiency for HVAC systems which are used in industrial process. Due to the complex relationship of the HVAC system parameters, it is necess

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Zhang, Jiawen. "Design and Technical Analysis of HVAC Ventilation System in Green Building." E3S Web of Conferences 261 (2021): 03039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126103039.

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In recent years, the construction industry has developed rapidly, and there are more and more urban construction projects. The corresponding design requirements for HVAC systems are also getting higher and higher. HVAC has been widely used in all kinds of buildings. While providing convenience for people, environmental pollution has gradually become a topic of concern for people. Therefore, when designing the HVAC system, HVAC not only meets the needs of customers, but also uses green energy saving technology to reduce energy consumption as far as possible. Reduce environmental pollution, so t

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Totaro, Michele, Anna Costa, Beatrice Casini, et al. "Microbiological Air Quality in Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems of Surgical and Intensive Care Areas: The Application of a Disinfection Procedure for Dehumidification Devices." Pathogens 8, no. 1 (2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8010008.

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International literature data report that the increase of infectious risk may be due to heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems contaminated by airborne pathogens. Moreover, the presence of complex rotating dehumidification wheels (RDWs) may complicate the cleaning and disinfection procedures of the HVAC systems. We evaluated the efficacy of a disinfection strategy applied to the RDW of two hospitals’ HVAC systems. Hospitals have four RDW systems related to the surgical areas (SA1 and SA2) and to the intensive and sub-intensive care (IC and sIC) units. Microbiological air and

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Mihai, Victor, and Liliana Rusu. "An Overview of the Ship Ventilation Systems and Measures to Avoid the Spread of Diseases." Inventions 6, no. 3 (2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6030055.

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This article presents a review of the main aspects regarding the current rules of classification societies, standards, and practice regarding the design and construction of ventilation and air conditioning systems for different compartments in different types of ships. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper also presents the usual practice of the actual heating ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems used on large ships, which recirculate the air between living compartments, in comparison with the new requirements to avoid the risk of spreading diseases. According to the r

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Ding, Junwei, Chuck Wah Yu, and Shi-Jie Cao. "HVAC systems for environmental control to minimize the COVID-19 infection." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 9 (2020): 1195–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x20951968.

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The outbreak of pneumonia caused by 2019 Novel Coronavirus arises significant concern for virus transmission and control. The control of the indoor environment or public-enclosed environment is crucial to reduce the risk of infection. Heating, ventilation, air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are used to create a healthy, thermal-comfort indoor environments. Thus, the rational use of HVAC systems is of great importance for the environmental control to reduce infection risk and to improve human wellbeing in the pandemic. In order to satisfy the requirement of better healthy environment and more ther

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Zhao, Jing, and Yu Shan. "A Fuzzy Control Strategy Using the Load Forecast for Air Conditioning System." Energies 13, no. 3 (2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13030530.

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The energy consumption of air-conditioning systems is a major part of energy consumption in buildings. Optimal control strategies have been increasingly developed in building heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems. In this paper, a load forecast fuzzy (LFF) control strategy was proposed. The predictive load based on the SVM method was used as the input parameter of the fuzzy controller to perform feedforward fuzzy control on the HVAC system. This control method was considered as an effective way to reduce energy consumption while ensuring indoor comfort, which can solve the

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Ayaz, Murat, Volkan Aygül, Ferhat Düzenli˙, and Erkutay Tasdemi˙rci˙. "Comparative Study on Control Methods for Air Conditioning of Industrial Paint Booths." Advanced Science, Engineering and Medicine 11, no. 11 (2019): 1053–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/asem.2019.2454.

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It is of great importance that each product in industrial production facilities is to be produced in the same quality and standard. Especially in the automotive industry, the painting process needs to be done under certain environmental conditions according to the paint properties used. Therefore, the temperature, humidity and air quality values of the paint booth are very important for a quality painting operation. In this study, adaptive control has been proposed to control of one-zone heating-ventilation system for the paint booths. The system has been modelled by using the Matlab/Simulink.

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Mckoy, DeQuante Rashon, Raymond Charles Tesiero, Yaa Takyiwaa Acquaah, and Balakrishna Gokaraju. "Review of HVAC Systems History and Future Applications." Energies 16, no. 17 (2023): 6109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16176109.

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Today, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems have become an integral part of modern buildings and are designed to provide comfortable indoor environments while conserving energy and reducing carbon emissions. With advancement in technology, HVAC systems have a variety of sensors that are used to detect the occupants within a controlled environment. Advancements in computer control systems and the use of smart technology have made HVAC systems even more sophisticated, allowing for approximate temperature control and energy management. This paper will review the historical de

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Santos, Alexandre F., Pedro D. Gaspar, and Heraldo J. L. de Souza. "New HVAC Sustainability Index—TWI (Total Water Impact)." Energies 13, no. 7 (2020): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071590.

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Sales of air conditioning are growing rapidly in buildings, more than tripling between 1990 and 2016. This energy use for air conditioning comes from a combination of rising temperatures, rising population and economic growth. Energy demand for climate control will triple by 2050, consuming more energy than that currently consumed altogether by the United States, the European Union and Japan. This increase in energy will directly impact water consumption, either to directly cool a condenser of an equipment or to serve indirectly as a basis for energy sources such as hydroelectric power that fe

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Rosato, A., F. Guarino, M. El Youssef, S. Sibilio, and L. Maffei. "Preliminary symptoms assessment of typical faults related to the fans and humidifiers of HVAC systems based on experimental data collected during Italian summer and winter." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 897, no. 1 (2021): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/897/1/012009.

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Abstract The symptoms associated to the occurrence of typical faults in a heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system, including a single duct dual fan constant air volume air-handling unit, have been experimentally characterized. The operation of the HVAC unit with 3 artificially forced faults ((1) reduced velocity of the supply air fan, (2) reduced velocity of the return air fan, (3) the valve supplying the humidifier kept always closed) has been analysed and compared with that of healthy operation of the same plant under very similar boundary conditions (outside air temperature

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Ruan, Xiaolong, and Yisong Yin. "Analysis of Common Problems of Noise and Vibration in Building Heating Ventilation Air Conditioning Design." E3S Web of Conferences 283 (2021): 01051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128301051.

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With the continuous growth of my country's economy and the continuous improvement of the people's economic level, the demand for the design of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems has also increased. The HVAC system is very important in the building environment. When optimizing the relevant design, it is necessary to always consider the design details of the HVAC system and adjust the integrity of the design, especially to take preventive measures in areas where noise and vibration may occur to avoid heating serious problems caused by noise and general vibration when the communica

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Dai, Rongchen, Shan Liu, Qiushuang Li, Hanting Wu, Li Wu, and Conghua Ji. "A systematic review and meta-analysis of indoor bioaerosols in hospitals: The influence of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning." PLOS ONE 16, no. 12 (2021): e0259996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259996.

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Objectives To evaluate (1) the relationship between heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and bioaerosol concentrations in hospital rooms, and (2) the effectiveness of laminar air flow (LAF) and high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) according to the indoor bioaerosol concentrations. Methods Databases of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Web of Science were searched from 1st January 2000 to 31st December 2020. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies. The samples obtained from different areas of hospitals were grouped a

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Reed, Thomas, and William Brader. "Availability Analyses of HVAC Systems In Cleanrooms and Other Critical Applications." Journal of the IEST 32, no. 3 (1989): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.32.3.1853ml1r9jp4447t.

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The operational and functional criteria of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems and associated control systems for cleanrooms and other similar critical applications impose very demanding requirements on both the installed systems and the system designers. Designers and facility operators often compromise original reliability criteria due to rule-of-thumb decision making processes. These processes do not usually include a truly determinant method of evaluating, in a quantitative manner, the advantages and disadvantages of alternative HVAC and control systems with respect t

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O N, Volintiru. "Contributions to the study of functional parameters in exploitation of the heat, ventilation and air conditioning system for special ships." Scientific Bulletin of Naval Academy XIX, no. 1 (2018): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21279/1454-864x-18-i1-039.

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Under normal operating conditions, as a result of heat gains onboard ships from engine rooms and crew, the increase in humidity as well as due to the various releases of gases from onboard systems, room air deteriorates, requiring replacement and its processing through the HVAC (heat, ventilation and air conditioning) system. Another feature of the HVAC system for special ships is operating under heavy conditions such as CBRN tightness where operating parameters record extreme values in cooling engine rooms. In the paper, I will present contributions to the study of functional parameters in ex

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Wang, Shiqiang, Jianchun Xing, Ziyan Jiang, and Juelong Li. "A decentralized sensor fault detection and self-repair method for HVAC systems." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 6 (2018): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624418775881.

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This study proposes a novel decentralized sensor fault detection and self-repair method for heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. From the perspective of network structure, sensor fault diagnosis in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems is distributed to the updated smart sensors without the monitoring host, which is necessary in the traditional centralized method. A fully distributed flat sensor network is established based on fundamental physical equations. Similar to the structure, mechanism and characteristics of biological communities, a smart sensor needs only to

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Baniyounes, Ali M., Yazeed Yasin Ghadi, Eyad Radwan, and Khalid S. Al-Olimat. "Functions of fuzzy logic based controllers used in smart building." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 3 (2022): 3061. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i3.pp3061-3071.

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<span>The main aim of this study is to support design and development processes of advanced fuzzy-logic-based controller for smart buildings e.g., heating, ventilation and air conditioning, heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) and indoor lighting control systems. Moreover, the proposed methodology can be used to assess systems energy and environmental performances, also compare energy usages of fuzzy control systems with the performances of conventional on/off and proportional integral derivative controller (PID). The main objective and purpose of using fuzzy-logic-based mode

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Borodinecs, Anatolijs, Jurgis Zemitis, and Arturs Palcikovskis. "HVAC System Control Solutions Based on Modern IT Technologies: A Review Article." Energies 15, no. 18 (2022): 6726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15186726.

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As energy consumption for building engineering systems is a major part of the total energy spent, it is necessary to reduce it. This leads to the need for the development of new solutions for the control of heating, ventilation, and conditioning (HVAC) systems that are responsive to humans and their demands. In this review article, the existing research and technology advancements of the modern technologies of computer vision and neural networks for application in HVAC control systems are studied. Objectives such as human detection and location, human activity monitoring, skin temperature dete

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Sigounis, A. M., E. D. Rounis, A. K. Athienitis, and C. Vallianos. "Control-oriented model for air-based BIPV/T systems." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (2021): 012221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012221.

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Abstract This study presents the development of a control-oriented model for Building Integrated Photovoltaic Thermal (BIPV/T) systems. Model-based control strategies could optimize their coupled operation with the building Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system and maximize the heat utilization. Two transient simulation models (1st order and 2nd order) are developed using Python, validated with experimental data and compered to each other. Finally, simulation results are presented where the range of possible outlet air temperatures for different mass flow rates are identified.

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Lu, Siliang, and Erica Cochran Hameen. "An Interactive Task Conditioning System Featuring Personal Comfort Models and Non-Intrusive Sensing Techniques: A Field Study in Shanghai." Technologies 9, no. 4 (2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies9040090.

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Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems play a key role in shaping office environments. However, open-plan office buildings nowadays are also faced with problems like unnecessary energy waste and an unsatisfactory shared indoor thermal environment. Therefore, it is significant to develop a new paradigm of an HVAC system framework so that everyone could work under their preferred thermal environment and the system can achieve higher energy efficiency such as task ambient conditioning system (TAC). However, current task conditioning systems are not responsive to personal thermal

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Kiamanesh, Bahareh, Ali Behravan, and Roman Obermaisser. "Fault Injection with Multiple Fault Patterns for Experimental Evaluation of Demand-Controlled Ventilation and Heating Systems." Sensors 22, no. 21 (2022): 8180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22218180.

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Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are large-scale distributed systems that can be subject to multiple faults affecting the electronics, sensors, and actuators, potentially causing high energy consumption, occupant discomfort, degraded indoor air quality and risk to critical infrastructure. Fault injection (FI) is an effective experimental method for the validation and dependability evaluation of such HVAC systems. Today’s FI frameworks for HVAC systems are still based on a single fault hypothesis and do not provide insights into dependability in the case of multiple fau

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Gómez, Álvaro Germán Leiva Gómez, Katia Garcia Punhagui Punhagui, and Oswaldo Hideo Ando Junior. "Energy & Thermal Comfort Performance using EnergyPlus® for a Single-Family Residency located in Foz do Iguaçu, Climatic Zone 3A-Brazil." DYNA 88, no. 218 (2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v88n218.91147.

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Energy performance and thermal comfort through EnergyPlus®, for a prototype of a single-family residence located in Foz do Iguaçu,climate zone 3A-Brazil. Using the estimated thermal sensation inside the house, natural ventilation was analyzed, where a system was compared considering the air infiltrations of the construction model with another of programmed selective ventilation; and two heating,ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems were proposed, being a Split system and a variable refrigerant gas flow (VRF) system.The results showed that, although the cases of natural ventilation i

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Osterman, Eneja, Mateja Dovjak, Janja Vaupotič, et al. "Analysis of Educational Building’s Ventilation Suitability to Prevent the Spread of Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)." Strojniški vestnik - Journal of Mechanical Engineering 68, no. 4 (2022): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2022.68.

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In a larger educational building in Slovenia, we examined the efficiency of ventilation systems by analysing the operation of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system in several classrooms. Using the Federation of European Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning Associations (REHVA) COVID-19 ventilation calculator, the probability of infection due to the spread of coronavirus through aerosol particles and the reproduction number were calculated based on the classroom occupancy, ventilation rates, and other parameters (i.e., classroom characteristics, preventive measures).

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Anghel, Larisa, Cătălin-George Popovici, Cristian Stătescu, et al. "Impact of HVAC-Systems on the Dispersion of Infectious Aerosols in a Cardiac Intensive Care Unit." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (2020): 6582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186582.

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At the end of 2019, a variation of a coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, has been identified as being responsible for a respiratory illness disease (COVID-19). Since ventilation is an important factor that influences airborne transmission, we proposed to study the impact of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) with a variable air volume (VAV) primary air system, on the dispersion of infectious aerosols, in a cardiac intensive care unit, using a transient simulation with computational fluid dynamics (CFD), based on the finite element method (FEM). We analyzed three scenarios that followe

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Tsunoda, Keisuke, Naoki Arai, and Kazuaki Obana. "Estimating Number and Dwell Time of Visitors in a Large-scale Indoor Space from HVAC Data and Its Evaluation in Different Seasons." International Journal of Transdisciplinary Artificial Intelligence 3, no. 1 (2021): 25–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.35708/tai1870-126251.

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The aim of this paper is to estimate the number and dwell time of visitors in a large-scale indoor space or room with a common heating-ventilation-air conditioning (HVAC) system that includes sensors for CO2 and indoor temperature in any season. Previous studies tried to estimate the number and dwell time of visitors from CO2 concentration in small rooms with or without a HVAC system. However, in a large-scale indoor space with large air-conditioning and ventilation systems, the number and dwell time of visitors are difficult to estimate for three reasons: 1) CO2 concentration changes much mor

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Cvok, Ivan, Igor Ratković, and Joško Deur. "Optimisation of Control Input Allocation Maps for Electric Vehicle Heat Pump-based Cabin Heating Systems." Energies 13, no. 19 (2020): 5131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195131.

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The heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) system negatively affects the electric vehicle (EV) driving range, especially under cold ambient conditions. Modern HVAC systems based on the vapour-compression cycle can be rearranged to operate in the heat pump mode to improve the overall system efficiency compared to conventional electrical/resistive heaters. Since such an HVAC system is typically equipped with multiple actuators (compressor, pumps, fans, valves), with the majority of them being controlled in open loop, an optimisation-based control input allocation is necessary to achiev

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Kim, Chul-Ho, Seung-Eon Lee, Kwang-Ho Lee, and Kang-Soo Kim. "Detailed Comparison of the Operational Characteristics of Energy-Conserving HVAC Systems during the Cooling Season." Energies 12, no. 21 (2019): 4160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214160.

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To provide useful information concerning energy-conserving heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, this study used EnergyPlus to analyze in detail their operational characteristics and energy performance. This study also aimed to understand the features of the systems under consideration by investigating the dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, and airflow rate at major nodes in each system’s schematic. Furthermore, we analyzed the indoor environment created by each HVAC system, as well as examining the cooling energy consumptions and CO2 emissions. The HVAC systems sele

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Conceição, Eusébio, João Gomes, Maria Manuela Lúcio, and Hazim Awbi. "Energy Production of Solar DSF for Ceiling-Mounted Localized Air Distribution Systems in a Virtual Classroom." Buildings 12, no. 4 (2022): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12040495.

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This paper presents an application of energy production in a solar Double Skin Facade (DSF) used in a Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) system for a ceiling-mounted localized air distribution systems in a virtual classroom. In this numerical work, a virtual classroom, an inlet ceiling-mounted localized air distribution system, an exhaust ventilation system, and a DSF system are considered. The numerical simulations consider an integral building thermal response (BTR) and a coupling of an integral human thermal-physiology response (HTR) and differential computational fluid dynami

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Chirico, Francesco, Angelo Sacco, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, and Nicola Magnavita. "Can Air-Conditioning Systems Contribute to the Spread of SARS/MERS/COVID-19 Infection? Insights from a Rapid Review of the Literature." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (2020): 6052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176052.

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The airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is still debated. The aim of this rapid review is to evaluate the COVID-19 risk associated with the presence of air-conditioning systems. Original studies (both observational and experimental researches) written in English and with no limit on time, on the airborne transmission of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 coronaviruses that were associated with outbreaks, were included. Searches were made on PubMed/MEDLINE, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar databases, and medRxiv. A snowball strategy was adopted to extend the search. Fourteen studies reporti

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Rismanchi, Behzad, Juan Zambrano, Bryan Saxby, Ross Tuck, and Mark Stenning. "Control Strategies in Multi-Zone Air Conditioning Systems." Energies 12, no. 3 (2019): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12030347.

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In a commercial building, a significant amount of energy is used by the ventilation systems to condition the air for the ‎indoor environments to satisfy the required quantity (temperature ‎and humidity) and quality (amount of fresh air). For many years, Variable Air Volume ‎‎(VAV) systems have been considered as the most efficient solutions by balancing the airflow volume based on the demand making them energy efficient when compared with the traditional Constant Air Volume (CAV) systems. However, the setpoints in VAV systems are ‎often misread by the sensors due to stratification and formatio

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Nie, Changliang, Xueyun Geng, Runqi Zhang, Lina Wang, Ling Li, and Jianmin Chen. "Abundant Cyanobacteria in Autumn Adhering to the Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) in Shanghai." Microorganisms 11, no. 7 (2023): 1835. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11071835.

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Cyanobacteria are ever-present, mainly flourishing in aquatic environments and surviving virtually in other habitats. The microbiota of indoor dust on the pre-filter of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, which reflect indoor microbial contamination and affect human health, has attracted attention. Contemporary studies on cyanobacteria deposited on the pre-filter of HVAC remain scant. By the culture-independent approach of qPCR and high throughput sequencing technologies, our results documented that the cyanobacterial concentrations were highest in autumn, occurred recur

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