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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ventral nerve cord

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Academic literature on the topic 'Ventral nerve cord'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Ventral nerve cord"

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Garriga, G., C. Desai, and H. R. Horvitz. "Cell interactions control the direction of outgrowth, branching and fasciculation of the HSN axons of Caenorhabditis elegans." Development 117, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 1071–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.117.3.1071.

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The two serotonergic HSN motor neurons of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans innervate the vulval muscles and stimulate egg laying by hermaphrodites. By analyzing mutant and laser-operated animals, we find that both epithelial cells of the developing vulva and axons of the ventral nerve cord are required for HSN axonal guidance. Vulval precursor cells help guide the growth cone of the emerging HSN axon to the ventral nerve cord. Vulval cells also cause the two HSN axons to join the ventral nerve cord in two separate fascicles and to defasciculate from the ventral nerve cord and branch at the vulva. The axons of either the PVP or PVQ neurons are also necessary for the HSN axons to run in two separate fascicles within the ventral nerve cord. Our observations indicate that the outgrowth of the HSN axon is controlled in multiple ways by both neuronal and nonneuronal cells.

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Temereva, Elena N. "Ventral nerve cord in Phoronopsis harmeri larvae." Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution 318B, no. 1 (September 6, 2011): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jez.b.21437.

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Thompson, K. J. "Oviposition digging in the grasshopper. II. Descending neural control." Journal of Experimental Biology 122, no. 1 (May 1, 1986): 413–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.122.1.413.

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Transection of the ventral nerve cord of female grasshoppers activates the rhythmical motor programme for oviposition digging. Electrical stimulation of the cut nerve cord had the following effects on elicited oviposition motor activity: short- and long-lasting inhibition of activity, phase resetting and modulation of burst frequency. Cold saline applied to the nerve cord reversibly elicited the oviposition motor programme. The effects of transection and stimulation at different levels of the nerve cord indicate that the higher neural control of the motor pattern is not confined to the head ganglia, but includes a thoracic component. In intracellular recordings of ventral opener motoneurones, stimulus-related IPSPs were observed in response to stimulation of the cut nerve cord. Stimulation also abolished slow wave synaptic input to the motoneurones during inhibition of the oviposition motor programme. It is suggested that oviposition digging behaviour is initiated and maintained by a mechanism of ‘release’ from descending neural inhibition.

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Wightman, B., R. Baran, and G. Garriga. "Genes that guide growth cones along the C. elegans ventral nerve cord." Development 124, no. 13 (July 1, 1997): 2571–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.124.13.2571.

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During nervous system development, growth cone pioneering and fasciculation contribute to nerve bundle structure. Pioneer growth cones initially navigate along neuroglia to establish an axon scaffold that guides later extending growth cones. In C. elegans, the growth cone of the PVPR neuron pioneers the left ventral nerve cord bundle, providing a path for the embryonic extensions of the PVQL and AVKR growth cones. Later during larval development, the HSNL growth cone follows cues in the left ventral nerve cord bundle provided by the PVPR and PVQL axons. Here we show that mutations in the genes enu-1, fax-1, unc-3, unc-30, unc-42 and unc-115 disrupt pathfinding of growth cones along the left ventral nerve cord bundle. Our results indicate that unc-3 and unc-30 function in ventral nerve cord pioneering and that enu-1, fax-1, unc-42 and unc-115 function in recognition of the PVPR and PVQL axons by the AVKR and HSNL growth cones.

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Oka, Kotaro, Hiroto Ogawa, and Shozo Fujita. "Glutamate-induced deporalization in earthworm ventral nerve cord." Neuroscience Letters 179, no. 1-2 (September 1994): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3940(94)90930-x.

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O'Toole, Donal, Gerald Wells, James Ingram, William Cooley, and Stephan Hawkins. "Ultrastrutitural Pathology of an Inherited Lower Motor Neuron Disease of Pigs." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 6, no. 2 (April 1994): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063879400600215.

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The ultrastructural features of a recently described inherited lower motor neuron disease were studied in 5 affected pigs. Clinical signs comprised progressive ataxia and paresis of variable severity. Affected pigs, 6, 7, 15, 15, and 19 weeks of age, and 2 unrelated healthy pigs, 9 and 15 weeks of age, were anesthetized and their tissues were fixed by whole body perfusion with mixed aldehydes. From 1 or more affected pigs, samples of cervical and lumbar spinal ventral horn, lateral and ventral spinal columns, dorsal and ventral lumbar spinal nerve roots, 2 peripheral nerves (Nn. phrenicus and fibularis communis), and 2 skeletal muscles (Mm. diaphragma and tibialis cranialis) were examined ultrastructurally. There was widespread degeneration of myelinated axons in peripheral nerves and in lateral and ventral columns of lumbar and cervical segments of spinal cord. Axonal degeneration was present in ventral spinal nerve roots and was absent in dorsal spinal nerve roots sampled at the same lumbar levels. Unmyelinated axons in peripheral nerves and spinal nerve roots were unaffected. In 4 of 5 affected pigs, there were atrophic alpha motor neurons in cervical spinal cord that contained dense, round osmiophilic perikaryal inclusions up to 4 μm in diameter and round swollen mitochondria. Axonal regeneration was present in N. phrenicus of the 19-week-old affected pig that had clinical signs of longest duration (10 weeks). There was no morphologic evidence of axonal degeneration or spinal neuronal atrophy in either control pig. The ultrastructural features of this motor neuron disease distinguish it from other reported progressive spinal neuropathies of pigs.

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Alam, J., M. S. Arifin, and M. T. Hussan. "MACROANATOMICAL ASPECTS OF BRACHIAL PLEXUS AND ITS BRANCHES IN THE INDIGENOUS DUCK." Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary Medicine 15, no. 1 (September 20, 2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v15i1.34046.

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The injury to the peripheral nervous system is common clinical problem especially injury to the wing is the most common in birds. The present study aimed to document the detailed features of the morphological structure and the innervations areas of the brachial plexus in indigenous duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus). A total of six mature indigenous ducks (three of them were male and three were female) were used in this study. After administering an anesthetic to the birds, the body cavities were opened. The birds were fixed with formaldehyde after draining of the blood. The nerves of the brachial plexus were dissected separately and photographed. The brachial plexus was formed by the union of the ventral branches of 14thand 15th cervical spinal nerve and 1st, 2nd and 3rd thoracic spinal nerves, which were confirmed by palpation and counting the cervical vertebrae. Present study revealed that few small and large branches originated from brachial plexus and innervated into the specific muscles and their adjacent structure. Five nerve roots formed three nerve trunks in the duck, which constitute the dorsal and ventral cords. The pectoral trunk and median-ulnar nerve originated from ventral cord, while dorsal cord gives axillary nerve continued as a radial nerve into the wing of duck. The axillary nerve innervated into to skin of the dorsal side of the wing and shoulder deltoideous muscles, coracobrachialis muscles and propatagiasis cervical muscles. The radial nerve innervated to the humuro-brachial and triceps muscles, extensor carpi radial and supinator muscles. The ulnar nerve innervated extensor aspect of joint, flexor carpi ulnar muscles and superficial flexor muscle. The median nerve innervated into the median surface of the brachial and metacarpal region, flexor carpi radial muscle, pronator teres muscles, superficial and profound digital flexor muscles. The general macroanatomical shape of the brachial plexus and the distribution of the nerves originating from this plexus displayed some differences from other birds.

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Yang, Jie, Javier Ortega-Hernández, Nicholas J. Butterfield, Yu Liu, George S. Boyan, Jin-bo Hou, Tian Lan, and Xi-guang Zhang. "Fuxianhuiid ventral nerve cord and early nervous system evolution in Panarthropoda." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 11 (March 1, 2016): 2988–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1522434113.

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Panarthropods are typified by disparate grades of neurological organization reflecting a complex evolutionary history. The fossil record offers a unique opportunity to reconstruct early character evolution of the nervous system via exceptional preservation in extinct representatives. Here we describe the neurological architecture of the ventral nerve cord (VNC) in the upper-stem group euarthropodChengjiangocaris kunmingensisfrom the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte (South China). The VNC ofC. kunmingensiscomprises a homonymous series of condensed ganglia that extend throughout the body, each associated with a pair of biramous limbs. Submillimetric preservation reveals numerous segmental and intersegmental nerve roots emerging from both sides of the VNC, which correspond topologically to the peripheral nerves of extant Priapulida and Onychophora. The fuxianhuiid VNC indicates that ancestral neurological features of Ecdysozoa persisted into derived members of stem-group Euarthropoda but were later lost in crown-group representatives. These findings illuminate the VNC ground pattern in Panarthropoda and suggest the independent secondary loss of cycloneuralian-like neurological characters in Tardigrada and Euarthropoda.

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CARLSTEDT, T. "Experimental Studies on Surgical Treatment of Avulsed Spinal Nerve Roots in Brachial Plexus Injury." Journal of Hand Surgery 16, no. 5 (October 1991): 477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681(91)90098-9.

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This review summarises studies aiming at a surgical treatment of spinal nerve root avulsions from the spinal cord in brachial plexus lesions. After dorsal root injury, regrowth of nerve fibres into the spinal cord occurs only in the immature animal. After ventral root avulsion and subsequent implantation into the spinal cord, neuroanatomical and neurophysiological data show that motoneurons are capable of producing new axons which enter the implanted root. Intra-neuronal physiological experiments demonstrate that new axons can conduct action potentials and elicit muscle responses. The neurons are reconnected in segmental spinal cord activity and respond to impulses in sensory nerve fibres. In primate experiments, implantation of avulsed ventral roots in the brachial plexus resulted in functional restitution. These studies indicate the possibility of surgical treatment of ventral root avulsion injuries in brachial plexus lesions in humans.

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Niven, Jeremy E., Christopher M. Graham, and Malcolm Burrows. "Diversity and Evolution of the Insect Ventral Nerve Cord." Annual Review of Entomology 53, no. 1 (January 2008): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.52.110405.091322.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ventral nerve cord"

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Börner, Jana [Verfasser]. "Standardized drosophila ventral nerve cord morphology : Atlas generation and atlas applications / Jana Börner." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1023664208/34.

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Hashemian, Sanazalsadat. "Interaction between nerve fiber formation and astrocytes." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Histologi med cellbiologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-88366.

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Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder,is characterized by loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. To date,there is no defined cause and cure for the disease. An ideal treatmentstrategy is to replace the lost neurons by transplanting fetal dopaminergicneurons to the brain of parkinsonian patients. Clinical trials have beenperformed and the outcome was variable where one significant obstaclewas the limited graft reinnervation of the host brain. To study this issue,organotypic tissue culture can be utilized to monitor dopaminergic nervefiber outgrowth in vitro and their association with astrocytes. Using thisculture technique, dopaminergic nerve fibers appear in twomorphologically and temporally different types. The early appearing nervefibers are formed in the absence of astrocytes, reach long distances, andare called non-glial-associated tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) -positive nervefibers. After a few days, the second sequence of nerve fibers, the glialassociatedTH-positive nerve fibers, are formed, and their growth arelimited to the presence of astrocytes, that migrate and form a monolayersurrounding the plated tissue. The aim of this thesis was to study theinteraction between nerve fiber formation and astrocytes with a specialfocus on the long-distance growing nerve fibers. Ventral mesencephalic(VM) organotypic slice cultures from embryonic day (E) 12, E14, and E18were incubated for 14, 21, 28, and 35 days in vitro (DIV). The resultsrevealed that the two morphologically different processes were found incultures from the younger stages, while no non-glial-associated growthwas found in cultures of tissue from E18. Instead neurons had migratedonto the migrating astrocytes. Astrocytes migrated longer distances intissue from older stages, and the migration reached a plateau at 21 DIV.Co-cultures of E14 VM tissue pieces and cell suspension of matureastrocytes promoted migration of neurons, as seen in E18 cultures. Thus,9the maturity of the astrocytes was an important factor for nerve fiberoutgrowth. Hence, targeting molecules secreted by astrocytes might bebeneficial for regeneration. Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG), amember of proteoglycan family, is produced by the astrocytes and has adual role of being permissive during development and inhibitory afterbrain injury in adult brain. Cultures were treated with chondroitinase ABC(ChABC) or methyl-umbelliferyl-β-D-xyloside (β-xyloside) in twodifferent protocols, early and late treatments. The results from the earlytreated cultures showed that both compounds inhibited the outgrowth ofnerve fibers and astrocytic migration in cultures from E14 tissue, while β-xyloside but not ChABC promoted the non-glial-associated growth incultures derived from E18 fetuses. In addition, β-xyloside but not ChABCinhibited neuronal migration in E18 cultures. Taken together, β-xylosideappeared more effective than ChABC in promoting nerve fiber growth.Another potential candidate, integrin-associated protein CD47, was studiedbecause of its role in synaptogenesis, which is important for nerve fibergrowth. Cultures from E14 CD47 knockout (CD47-/-) mice were plated andcompared to their wildtypes. CD47-/- cultures displayed a massive and longnon-glial-associated TH-positive nerve fiber outgrowth despite theirnormal astrocytic migration. Blocking either signal regulatory protein-α(SIRPα) or thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), which bind to CD47, had nogrowth promoting effect. In conclusion, to promote nerve growth, youngertissue can grow for longer distances than older tissue, and inhibiting CSPGproduction promotes nerve growth in older tissue, while gene deletion ofCD47 makes the astrocytes permissive for a robust nerve fiber growth.

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Evans, Justin. "A Role for Wnt-β-Catenin Signaling in Positioning Motor Neurons Along the Ventral Nerve Cord in C. Elegans." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/38376.

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During C. elegans embryogenesis, the DD, DA, and DB motor neurons arise from left and right lineages, move towards the midline and intercalate into a single tract to form the ventral nerve cord (VNC). Recently, the non-canonical Wnt-planar cell polarity was shown to regulate cell intercalation during VNC assembly. Disruption of this pathway causes DD neurons to shift anteriorly along the anterior-posterior (AP)-axis. Here, we investigated the role of the canonical Wnt-β-catenin pathway in positioning neurons in the VNC. Mutations in canonical Wnt pathway components, including bar-1/β-catenin and pop-1/TCF, cause the anterior displacement of DD2 towards DD1. In contrast, disruption of the β-catenin destruction complex gene pry-1/Axin results in the posterior displacement of DD1 towards DD2. In order to determine where and when defects occur, we used fluorescent time-lapse imaging to follow DD, DA and RIG neuroblasts during embryogenesis. In wild-type, we found that RIGL and DA2 intercalate between DD1 and DD2 via T1-type cell neighbor exchanges. Dorsal-ventral (DV) constriction of the DD1 and DD2 cell junction results in these cells meeting at a central vertex, which then resolves when the RIGL and DA2 cell junction expands along the AP axis. The resolution of the central vertex results in the spatial displacement of DD1 and DD2 along the AP axis. However, in Wnt-β-catenin mutants, central vertex resolution defects result in decreased spacing between DD1 and DD2 that persist into adulthood.

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Puga, David [Verfasser], and Detlev [Akademischer Betreuer] Arendt. "Molecular characterisation of the commissural neurons in the ventral nerve cord of the annelid Platynereis dumerilii / David Puga ; Betreuer: Detlev Arendt." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1218599413/34.

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Dunford, Catherine. "The distribution and physiological roles of nitric oxide in the locomotor circuitry of the mammalian spinal cord." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3580.

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The mammalian spinal cord contains the neuronal circuitry necessary to generate rhythmic locomotor activity in the absence of inputs from the higher brain centre or sensory system. This circuitry is regulated by local neuromodulatory inputs, which can adjust the strength and timing of locomotor output. The free radical gas nitric oxide has been shown to act as an important neuromodulator of spinal circuits, which control locomotion in other vertebrate models such as the tadpole and lamprey. Despite this, the involvement of the NO-mediated soluble guanylate cyclase/cyclic guanosine monophosphate secondary messenger-signalling pathway (NO/sGC/cGMP) in mammalian locomotion has largely been under-investigated. The NADPH diaphorase histochemical reaction was used to identify sources of NO in the lumbar spinal cord. The largest population NADPH diaphorase reactive neurons were located in the dorsal horn, followed by the laminae of the ventral horn, particularly around the central canal (lamina X) and lamina VII. NADPH diaphorase reactive neurons were found along a rostrocaudal gradient between lumbar segments L1 to L5. These results show that that discrete neuronal sources of NO are present in the developing mouse spinal cord, and that these cells increase in number during the developmental period postnatal day P1 – P12. NADPH diaphorase was subsequently used to identify NADPH diaphorase reactive neurons at P12 in the mouse model of ALS using the SODG93A transgenic mouse. Physiological recordings of ventral root output were made to assess the contribution of NO to the regulation induced rhythmic fictive locomotion in the in vitro isolated spinal cord preparation. Exogenous NO inhibits central pattern generator (CPG) output while facilitating and inhibiting motor neuron output at low and high concentrations respectively. Removal of endogenous NO increases CPG output while decreasing motor neuron output and these effects are mediated by cGMP. These data suggest that an endogenous tone of NO is involved in the regulation of fictive locomotion and that this involves the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway. Intracellular recordings from presumed motor neurons and a heterogeneous, unidentified sample of interneurons shows that NO modulates the intrinsic properties of spinal neurons. These data suggest that the net effect of NO appears to be a reduction in motor neuron excitability.

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Campbell, Richard F. "TRANSCRIPTIONAL REGULATION OF FACTORS REQUIRED FOR THE DIFFERENTIATION OF GABAERGIC MOTOR NEURONS IN THE DEVELOPING VENTRAL NERVE CORD OF CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS." 2017. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/biology_diss/173.

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Development of the nervous system is a highly organized process that utilizes genetic mechanisms conserved across the animal kingdom. Components of the nervous system such as inhibitory GABAergic neural networks are common among most multicellular animals. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, utilizes similar genetic pathways to that of mice and humans to develop its GABAergic neural networks. These GABAergic neural networks are composed of two types of GABAergic motor neurons: the VD and DD sub-classes. The GABAergic differentiation of both these sub-classes requires the conserved transcription factor, Pitx/UNC-30. The VD sub-class is differentiated from the DD motor neurons by the expression of another transcription factor, COUP TFII/UNC-55. The transcriptional mechanisms regulating the expression of Pitx/UNC-30 and Coup TFII are unknown. We sought to determine how Pitx/UNC-30 and COUP TF-II/UNC-55 were transcriptionally regulated in an attempt to understand how mechanisms of GABAergic fate specification and class specification may be connected. We hypothesized there would be different mechanisms regulating the GABAergic differentiation and sub-class specification of the two sub-classes of GABAergic motor neurons. To test this, we dissected the transcriptional mechanisms responsible for the expression of Pitx/UNC-30 and COUP TFII/UNC-55. We found that different isoforms of the Hox cofactor Meis/UNC-62 stabilize and activate the expression of UNC-55. Furthermore, we conclude that Pitx/UNC-30 expression is regulated differently between the two motor neuron sub-classes by Meis/UNC-62, Hox-B7/MAB-5 and NeuroD/CND-1, each of which are vital to the development of different components of the nervous system in vertebrates. Our findings suggest that the GABAergic identity and the sub-class specification of neurons are under the control of multiple conserved transcription factors responsible for neuron fate determination and post mitotic identities.

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Döffinger, Carola [Verfasser]. "Early steps in ventral nerve cord development in chelicerates and myriapods and formation of brain compartments in spiders / von Carola Maria Döffinger." 2010. http://d-nb.info/1004192207/34.

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Books on the topic "Ventral nerve cord"

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Guillery, Ray. The pathways for perception. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806738.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 outlines some of the evidence on which the seemingly strong standard view has been based. The early discovery that ventral nerve roots of the spinal cord provide a motor output and dorsal nerve roots provide a sensory input supported the dichotomy of the standard view. Then as each sensory pathway was traced to the thalamus for relay to the cortex, the separate inputs from the sensory receptors—visual, auditory, gustatory, and so on—could be seen as providing the cortex with a ‘view’ of the world. The nature of this view became strikingly clear once investigators could understand (read) the messages that pass along the nerve fibres on the basis of very brief changes in membrane potentials, the action potentials. However, many branches given off by sensory fibres on their way to the thalamus remain unexplained on the standard view. These are important for the integrative sensorimotor view and their precise functional roles need to be defined.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ventral nerve cord"

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Heppner, John B., John B. Heppner, John L. Capinera, Jamie Ellis, Andrey N. Alekseev, Phyllis G. Weintraub, John L. Capinera, et al. "Ventral Nerve Cord." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 4094. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_3960.

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Whitington, P. M., and J. P. Bacon. "The organization and development of the arthropod ventral nerve cord: insights into arthropod relationships." In Arthropod Relationships, 349–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4904-4_26.

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Ikeda, Tetsuya, Ichiro Kubota, Wataru Miki, Taisuke Nose, Toshifumi Takao, Yasutsugu Shimonishi, and Yojiro Muneoka. "Structures and actions of 20 novel neuropeptides isolated from the ventral nerve cords of an echiuroid worm, Urechis unicinctus." In Peptide Chemistry 1992, 583–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1474-5_168.

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Galgano, Michael A., Jared Fridley, and Ziya Gokaslan. "Spinal Cord Tumor." In Spinal Neurosurgery, 149–58. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190887773.003.0016.

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Most intradural extramedullary tumors are histologically benign. The three most common intradural extramedullary tumors encountered are meningiomas, schwannomas, and neurofibromas. Excision of intradural meningiomas can be achieved via an en bloc fashion by utilizing a split-thickness durotomy or by ultrasonic aspiration and piecemeal removal. Patients often become symptomatic from spinal cord compression earlier than mass effect upon the brain. Therefore, surgical resection may be undertaken before pial penetration occurs. Neurofibromas commonly arise as a fusiform enlargement of the nerve, making it necessary to sacrifice the root during excision of the tumor. Schwannomas arise from the nerve root of origin, which is usually a nonfunctional dorsal sensory root that can be sacrificed; there is always a corresponding nerve root, which is typically a functional ventral motor root, that needs to be dissected off the tumor.

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Benito-Sipos, J., M. Baumgardt, and S. Thor. "Development of the Drosophila Embryonic Ventral Nerve Cord." In Patterning and Cell Type Specification in the Developing CNS and PNS, 627–44. Elsevier, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-397265-1.00073-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ventral nerve cord"

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Chang, X., M. D. Kim, A. Chiba, and G. Tsechpenakis. "Motor neuron recognition in the Drosophila ventral nerve cord." In 2013 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2013.6556816.

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Kolosov, M. S., E. Duz, and A. B. Uzdensky. "Photodynamic damage of glial cells in crayfish ventral nerve cord." In Sartov Fall Meeting 2010, edited by Valery V. Tuchin and Elina A. Genina. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.889355.

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Chang, X., M. D. Kim, A. Chiba, and G. Tsechpenakis. "Patterning motor neurons in the Drosophila ventral nerve cord using latent state Conditional Random Fields." In 2012 IEEE 9th International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging (ISBI 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isbi.2012.6235685.

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Mei, Junhua. "Neuronal Structure Segmentation in Drosophila First Instar Larva Ventral Nerve Cord Using U-Net Convolution Network." In ISBDAI '20: 2020 2nd International Conference on Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3436286.3436287.

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Duz, Eugeny, and Mikhail S. Kolosov. "Assessment of neuroglial relationships under photodynamic treatment using fluorescent visualization of giant axons in crayfish ventral nerve cord." In Saratov Fall Meeting 2013, edited by Elina A. Genina, Vladimir L. Derbov, Igor Meglinski, and Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2049306.

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Kolosov, Mikhail S., and Elena Shubina. "Comparative survival study of glial cells and cells composing walls of blood vessels in crustacean ventral nerve cord after photodynamic treatment." In Saratov Fall Meeting 2014, edited by Elina A. Genina, Vladimir L. Derbov, Kirill V. Larin, Dmitry E. Postnov, and Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2179880.

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