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Journal articles on the topic 'Ventricular drainage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 June 2025

Last updated: 2 August 2025

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1

Martínez Martínez, Lida, and Alba Aveiro. "External ventricular drainage-related ventriculitis." Revista Virtual de la Sociedad Paraguaya de Medicina Interna 4, no. 1 (2017): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18004/rvspmi/2312-3893/2017.04(01)46-056.

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2

Paré, Laura, Ralph Delfino, and Richard Leblanc. "The relationship of ventricular drainage to aneurysmal rebleeding." Journal of Neurosurgery 76, no. 3 (1992): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1992.76.3.0422.

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✓ Given the widespread use of continuous external ventricular drainage in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), this investigation was undertaken to define the relationship of ventricular drainage to aneurysmal rebleeding. A historical cohort study of 128 patients with confirmed aneurysmal SAH was performed using a multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between aneurysmal rerupture and ventricular drainage, while controlling for important clinical and radiological independent variables. The variables for ventricular drainage selected in

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3

Cummings, Ruth. "Understanding External Ventricular Drainage." Journal of Neuroscience Nursing 24, no. 2 (1992): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01376517-199204000-00006.

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4

Badalov, Vadim I., Pavel K. Tyulikov, Vladislava S. Mityunina, et al. "Use of navigation technologies in the installation of external ventricular drainage in patients with severe combined traumatic brain injury." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 25, no. 3 (2023): 413–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma430289.

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The study investigated the possibilities and effectiveness of surgical navigation in the installation of external ventricular drainage in patients with severe combined traumatic brain injury. In total, 41 patients were examined, and in those with urgent indications during the first period of traumatic illness, external ventricular drainage was installed (up to 2 days). All patients were divided into the main group (n = 14) and control group (n = 27). In the main group, external ventricular drainage was installed using surgical navigation. The control group underwent surgery without surgical na

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5

Liţescu, Mircea, Daniel Alin Cristian, Violeta Elena Coman, et al. "Right Transcephalic Ventriculo-Subclavian Shunt in the Surgical Treatment of Hydrocephalus—An Original Procedure for Drainage of Cerebrospinal Fluid into the Venous System." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 15 (2023): 4919. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12154919.

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The objectives of this article are to present an original surgical procedure for the temporary or definitive resolution of hydrocephalus, in the case of repeated failure of standard treatment techniques, and to present a case that was resolved using this surgical technique. Materials and methods: We present the case of a 20-year-old male patient with congenital hydrocephalus who underwent a number of 39 shunt revisions, given the repetitive dysfunctions of various techniques (ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, ventriculo-cardiac shunt). The patient was evaluated with the ventricular catheter externa

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6

Chan, Kwan-Hon, and Kirpal S. Mann. "Prolonged Therapeutic External Ventricular Drainage: A Prospective Study." Neurosurgery 23, no. 4 (1988): 436–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198810000-00005.

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Abstract Over a 2½-year period, 34 patients underwent therapeutic external ventricular drainage with a valve-regulated system. The mean duration of drainage was 16 days. There was no incidence of ventricular infection, nor was there blockage of the ventricular catheter requiring revision. Eventually, 13 patients required ventriculoperitoneal shunts. All survivors remained free from complications after more than 6 months of follow-up. The system proved safe and reliable in patients requiring prolonged ventricular drainage.

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7

Xu, Yongqiang, Zhuoqun Li, Zhao Zhang, Haitao Zhang, and Pengfei Liu. "Neuroendoscopy-Assisted Entire-Process Visualization Technique of Ventricular Puncture for External Ventricular Drainage." Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 35, no. 4 (2024): 1201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/scs.0000000000010146.

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Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of the neuroendoscopy-assisted entire-process visualization technique (NEAEVT) of ventricular puncture for external ventricular drainage. Methods: Eighty-eight patients with cerebral hemorrhage who underwent unilateral ventricular puncture for external ventricular drainage in our hospital from June 2021 to June 2023 were analyzed. Patients were grouped according to puncture technique: NEAEVT (30 patients), freehand (30 patients), and laser-navigation-assisted (28 patients). Operation time, drainage tube placement,

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Chan, K. H., and K. S. Mann. "Prolonged therapeutic external ventricular drainage." Neurosurgery 23, no. 4 (1988): 436???8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-198810000-00005.

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9

Muzumdar, D. P. "Ventricular CSF Drainage and Medulloblastoma." Pediatric Neurosurgery 43, no. 1 (2006): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000097533.

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10

Xia, Dayong, Xiaochun Jiang, Zhenbao Li, Yuelong Jin, and Yi Dai. "External ventricular drainage combined with continuous lumbar drainage in the treatment of ventricular hemorrhage." Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management Volume 15 (May 2019): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/tcrm.s207750.

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11

Paine, Jonathan T., H. Hunt Batjer, and Duke Samson. "Intraoperative Ventricular Puncture." Neurosurgery 22, no. 6P1-P2 (1988): 1107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198806010-00027.

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Abstract Modem neuroanesthetic techniques frequently provide the neurosurgeon with adequate brain relaxation for an atraumatic frontotemporal or transylvian dissection. Circumstances such as recent subarachnoid hemorrhage with brain edema and acute hydrocephalus can mandate significant frontal lobe retraction before access to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage from the basal cisterns is gained. A simple technique can give the “early” aneurysm surgeon reliable access to the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle for intraoperative drainage of CSF before brain retraction.

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12

Khanna, Rohit K., Mark L. Rosenblum, Jack P. Rock, and Ghaus M. Malik. "Prolonged external ventricular drainage with percutaneous long-tunnel ventriculostomies." Journal of Neurosurgery 83, no. 5 (1995): 791–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.83.5.0791.

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✓ External ventricular drainage has been used extensively for management of several neurosurgical disorders. The main limitation of this procedure has been the high risk of infection, especially with prolonged drainage. In an effort to minimize the risk of infection, the authors have used a new ventriculostomy technique that involves tunneling the ventricular catheter subcutaneously to an exit site in the lower chest or upper abdomen. This report describes the results of this procedure on 100 consecutive cases. Patients requiring emergency ventriculostomies had short-tunnel ventriculostomies p

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13

Самочерных, К. А., О. В. Волкодав, С. А. Зинченко та С. О. Волкодав. "Субгалеальное вентрикуло-субарахноидальное стентирование: лечебный комплекс для восстановления ликвородинамики у недоношенных детей". Неврология и нейрохирургия. Восточная Европа 15, № 2 (2025): 221–29. https://doi.org/10.34883/pi.2025.

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Введение. На современном этапе в детской нейрохирургии при лечении постгеморрагической гидроцефалии (ПГГ) широко применяется методика вентрикуло-субгалеального дренирования (ВСГД), которая обеспечивает пролонгированное дренирование желудочков, санацию желудочков от крови с устранением их динамической окклюзии, но при этом не обеспечивает физиологического оттока ликвора в субарахноидальное пространство (САП). Существует необходимость обобщения опыта использования данной методики у недоношенных детей с учетом технических возможностей, механизмов дисфункции и повышения эффективности функционирова

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14

Raco, Antonino, Emanuela Caroli, Alessandra Isidori, Tommaso Vangelista, and Maurizio Salvati. "Management of Acute Cerebellar Infarction: One Institution's Experience." Neurosurgery 53, no. 5 (2003): 1061–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000088766.34559.3e.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE The management of cerebellar infarctions is controversial. The aim of this study was to determine which patients require surgical treatment and which surgical procedure should be performed when a patient with a cerebellar infarction exhibits progressive neurological deterioration. METHODS A total of 44 patients (24 male and 20 female patients; average age, 56 yr) were treated at our institution for cerebellar infarctions in the past 8 years. Twenty-five patients received conservative treatment; two patients who were deeply comatose received no treatment. The remaining 17 pat

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15

Kumar, V. A. Kiran, N. A. Sai Kiran, V. Anil Kumar, et al. "External ventricular drainage for intraventricular hemorrhage." Romanian Neurosurgery 32, no. 2 (2018): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/romneu-2018-0043.

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Abstract Background: Intervention to reduce intracranial pressure using External Ventricular Drain (EVD) is a common life saving measure in a neurosurgery intensive care unit(ICU). Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the outcome of patients who underwent external ventricular drainage for intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH). Methods: The available data of the patients who underwent placement of external ventricular drain from February 2012 to May 2016 for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) at Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore, was retrieved from the hospital case reco

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16

Srinivasan, Visish M., Brent R. O'Neill, Diana Jho, Donald M. Whiting, and Michael Y. Oh. "The history of external ventricular drainage." Journal of Neurosurgery 120, no. 1 (2014): 228–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.6.jns121577.

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External ventricular drainage (EVD) is one of the most commonly performed neurosurgical procedures. It was first performed as early as 1744 by Claude-Nicholas Le Cat. Since then, there have been numerous changes in technique, materials used, indications for the procedure, and safety. The history of EVD is best appreciated in 4 eras of progress: development of the technique (1850–1908), technological advancements (1927–1950), expansion of indications (1960–1995), and accuracy, training, and infection control (1995–present). While EVD was first attempted in the 18th century, it was not until 189

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17

Maniker, Allen H., Artem Y. Vaynman, Reza J. Karimi, Aria O. Sabit, and Bart Holland. "Hemorrhagic Complications Of External Ventricular Drainage." Operative Neurosurgery 59, suppl_4 (2006): ONS—419—ONS—425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000222817.99752.e6.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Despite the widespread use of external ventricular drainage (EVD), the frequency of associated hemorrhagic complications remains unclear. This retrospective study examined the frequency of hemorrhagic complications of EVD and attempted to discern associated risk factors. METHODS: Treatment records from 160 patients admitted during a 2.5-year period who required EVD placement were reviewed. Indications for placement of EVD included acute complications of cerebrovascular disease (n = 94), traumatic brain injury (n = 36), primary hydrocephalus (n = 16), and tumor (n = 14). Pat

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18

Masoom Abbas, Mirza, Ravi Gopal Varma, Nirmala Sankar, and Raghavendra Pai. "Hemichorea-Hemiballism after External Ventricular Drainage." Journal of Movement Disorders 12, no. 3 (2019): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19033.

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19

Linsenmann, Thomas, Michael Keupp, Thomas Guenthner-Lengsfeld, Ralf-Ingo Ernestus, Laszlo Solymosi, and Thomas Westermaier. "Fourth Ventricular AVM with Transdural Drainage." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 78, no. 02 (2016): 206–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1563557.

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20

Dey, Mahua, Jennifer Jaffe, Agnieszka Stadnik, and Issam A. Awad. "External Ventricular Drainage for Intraventricular Hemorrhage." Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports 12, no. 1 (2011): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11910-011-0231-x.

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21

Volkodav, O. V., and V. A. Khachatryan. "Methods for increasing the efficiency of hydrocephalus treatment in neonatal practice." Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics) 66, no. 4 (2021): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2021-66-4-141-147.

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Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus in newborns with ventricular occlusion leads to decompensation of CSF dynamics with a high risk of neurological disorders and child disability.Objective. To improve the effectiveness of treatment of hydrocephalus in newborns.Characteristics of children and research methods. The authors analyzed the treatment of hydrocephalus in 327 newborns in 2000– 2018. 184children (Group 1)underwent standard treatment with lumbar and ventricular punctures with 20-22G needles, and with progression of hydrocephalus – ventriculo-subgaleal drainage and ventriculo-peritoneal shuntin

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22

Lee, Hanna, Boeun Yang, Kyeongeun Lee, and Jeongwon Han. "Analysis of Drainage Volume in External Ventricular Drainage Based on Intracranial Pressure and Drainage Catheter Size for Clinical Nurses." Healthcare 13, no. 9 (2025): 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13091009.

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Introduction: The purpose of this study is to provide foundational data for nursing care in patients with external ventricular drainage (EVD) by comparatively analyzing drainage volume in relation to intracranial pressure (ICP) and drainage catheter size. Methods: In this study, we conducted a volumetric analysis using the continuity and Bernoulli equations, considering friction forces under predefined conditions. In adults in the supine position with 37 °C CSF, the ventricular drainage volume was assessed based on the height of the EVD system, ICP levels, and EVD catheter sizes. Results: The

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23

Wilkinson, Harold A., Jorge Yarzebski, Edward C. Wilkinson, and Frederick A. Anderson. "Erroneous Measurement of Intracranial Pressure Caused by Simultaneous Ventricular Drainage: A Hydrodynamic Model Study." Neurosurgery 24, no. 3 (1989): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-198903000-00007.

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Abstract Intracranial pressure (ICP) is often measured from intraventricular catheters, a technique that allows therapeutic drainage of ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as an aid in controlling ICP and circumventing obstruction. Drainage of CSF simultaneously with ongoing ICP measurement has been advocated as safe and efficient, and devices are commercially available to permit this practice; however, this concept has been seriously challenged, based on clinical observations. The inaccuracy induced by simultaneous CSF drainage and ICP monitoring is quantitated in this report in a mechanica

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24

Kraemer, Jorge L., Pedro L. Gobbato, and Yuri M. Andrade-Souza. "Third ventriculostomy through the lamina terminalis for intracranial pressure monitoring after aneurysm surgery: technical note." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 60, no. 4 (2002): 932–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2002000600009.

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OBJECTIVE: A new ventriculostomy technique through the lamina terminalis is described. This technique is applied mainly during aneurysm surgery at the acute stage. METHOD: Thirteen patients were operated on intracranial aneurysms and, during the procedure, had the lamina terminalis fenestrated. A ventricular catheter was inserted into the third ventricule, left in place and connected to an external drainage system for further intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage. RESULTS: ICP readings and CSF drainage were obtained in all cases. No complication was r

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Abdul Mannan Aftab, Abdul Aziz Khan, Khalid Zadran, and Aamir Zaman. "Per-Operative External Ventricular Drainage Results in Children with Posterior Fossa Tumors and Hydrocephalus." Pakistan Journal Of Neurological Surgery 26, no. 2 (2022): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36552/pjns.v26i2.685.

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Objective: We determined the outcome of per operational external ventricular drainage in pediatric patients with posterior fossa tumors and hydrocephalus. Material And Methods: 54 patients included presenting with posterior fossa tumors and mild to moderate hydrocephalous were considered for per operative external ventricular drainage. The external ventricular drain was then weaned off in one week. If it cannot be removed due to persistent hydrocephalous it was converted into a permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunt. Results: In the study, the mean age was 7 years. Twenty-seven child

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He, Haiyong, Manting Li, Ying Guo, Lun Luo, Robin Bhattarai, and Wensheng Li. "Intracranial Infection Caused by Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter Baumannii." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 18, no. 4 (2021): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v18i4.39401.

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Objective: To report the successful treatment of a patient who underwent vestibular schwannoma resection and developed intracranial infection caused by multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB), and to review the recent relevant literature. Methods: The patient was diagnosed with MRAB infection based on clinical manifestations and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture. The treatment included external ventricular drainage, posterior fossa decompressive craniectomy, and endoscopic lavage for fourth ventricle, subdural drainage, and intravenous injection /ventricular irrigation of sulperazon

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27

Caglar, MK, FE Deniz, I. Ozer, T. Sezer, and A. Senayli. "An unusual cause of hyponatremia: Ventricular drainage." Neurology India 54, no. 1 (2006): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.25145.

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28

Çevik, Serdar, Celaleddin Soyalp, Enes Akkaya, Serkan Kitis, and Hakan Hanımoğlu. "External Ventricular Drainage Infections Rates: Clinic Experiences." International Journal of Clinical Medicine 07, no. 01 (2016): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcm.2016.71007.

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29

Gigante, Paul, Brian Y. Hwang, Geoffrey Appelboom, Christopher P. Kellner, Michael A. Kellner, and E. Sander Connolly. "External ventricular drainage following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage." British Journal of Neurosurgery 24, no. 6 (2010): 625–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02688697.2010.505989.

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30

Dey, Mahua, Agnieszka Stadnik, Fady Riad, et al. "Bleeding and Infection With External Ventricular Drainage." Neurosurgery 76, no. 3 (2015): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0000000000000624.

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31

MAGOCOVA, Veronika, Jan BANOCI, Vladimir KATUCH, and Miroslav GAJDOS. "Risk factors for external ventricular drainage infections." Bratislava Medical Journal 125, no. 11 (2024): 734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/bll_2024_113.

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32

Andersen, C., St Midholm, and T. Rosendal. "External ventricular drainage in the new-born." Acta Neurochirurgica 109, no. 1-2 (1991): 76–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01405703.

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33

Elgamal, Essam A., Peter G. Richards, and U. Jash Patel. "Fatal Haemorrhage in Medulloblastoma following Ventricular Drainage." Pediatric Neurosurgery 42, no. 1 (2005): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000089509.

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34

Woodward, Sue, Clare Addison, Sarah Shah, Frank Brennan, Ann MacLeod, and Mark Clements. "Benchmarking best practice for external ventricular drainage." British Journal of Nursing 11, no. 1 (2002): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjon.2002.11.1.12217.

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35

Heese, O., J. Regelsberger, U. Kehler, and M. Westphal. "Hollow mandrin facilitates external ventricular drainage placement." Acta Neurochirurgica 147, no. 7 (2005): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-005-0500-z.

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36

Abdoh, Mohammad Ghazi, Olivier Bekaert, Jérôme Hodel, et al. "Accuracy of external ventricular drainage catheter placement." Acta Neurochirurgica 154, no. 1 (2011): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00701-011-1136-9.

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37

Joshi, Ram Babu, Rupendra Bahadur Adhikari, and Amit Thapa. "Neuroendoscopic lavage and continuous drainage of ventricles: Treatment of pyocephalus in a newborn." Grande Medical Journal 1, no. 1 (2019): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/gmj.v1i1.22415.

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Pyocephalus/Cerebral ventricular empyema is a serious life threatening complication of acute pyogenic meningitis. The primary treatment of ventriculitis is administration of antibiotics. With recent advances, neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) of ventricles through direct visualization has helped save lives when multipronged approaches including intravenous (IV) antibiotics, intrathecal antibiotics and continuous drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fails. We report a case of a 23-day old neonate who developed pyocephalus as a complication of pyogenic meningitis. He did not respond favorably

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38

Bim, C., M. Pinotti, J. R. Camilo, A. L. Maset, S. S. Mansur, and E. D. R. Vieira. "CEREBROSPINAL FLUID DRAINAGE DEVICES: EXPERIMENTAL CARACTERIZATION." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 12, no. 2 (2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v12i2.62047.

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Hydrocephalus is a pathophysiology due to the excess of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain ventricles and it can be caused by congenital defects, brain abnormalities, tumors, inflammations, infections, intracranial hemorrhage and others. Hydrocephalus can be followed by significant rise of intraventricular pressure due to the excess of production of cerebrospinalfluid over the absorption, resulting in a weakening of intellectual functions, serious neurological damage (decreased movement, sensation and functions), critical physical disabilities and even death. A procedure for treatment involves t

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Godoy Hurtado, Alicia, Patrick Barstchi, Juan Francisco Brea Salvago, Rajab Al-Ghanem, Jose Manuel Galicia Bulnes, and Osamah El Rubaidi. "Low- and Negative-Pressure Hydrocephalus: New Report of Six Cases and Literature Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 12 (2023): 4112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12124112.

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Low- or very-low-pressure hydrocephalus is a serious and rare phenomenon, which is becoming better known since it was first described in 1994 by Pang and Altschuler. Forced drainage at negative pressures can, in most cases, restore the ventricles to their original size, thus achieving neurological recovery. We present six new cases that suffered this syndrome from 2015 to 2020: two of them after medulloblastoma surgery; a third one as a consequence of a severe head trauma that required bifrontal craniectomy; another one after craniopharyngioma surgery; a fifth one with leptomeningeal glioneuro

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40

裘, 五四. "Clinical Study of External Ventricular Drainage Combined with Lumbar Cistern Drainage in the Treatment of Spontaneous Intra-Ventricular Hemorrhage." Asian Case Reports in Surgery 10, no. 02 (2021): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/acrs.2021.102005.

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41

Nielsen, Emma Tubæk, Mathias Just Nortvig, Sune Munthe, Christian Bonde Pedersen, Frantz Rom Poulsen, and Mikkel Schou Andersen. "Intracranial ventricular shunts." Ugeskrift for Læger 186 (March 11, 2024): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.61409/v08230515.

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Permanent shunt diversion of cerebrospinal fluid away from the central nervous system is a widely recognized neurosurgical procedure. Still, patients with ventricular shunts are at substantial risk of shunt dysfunction, which includes complications like mechanical shunt failure, abnormal shunt drainage and infection. Early detection of shunt dysfunction is essential to proper and timely treatment, and acute shunt dysfunction might require immediate intervention. This review summarizes current and potential strategies for investigation of shunt dysfunction.

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42

Wong, George K. C., and Wayne W. S. Poon. "External Ventricular Drain Infection." Journal of Neurosurgery 107, no. 1 (2007): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns-07/07/0248.

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Object The authors explored the relationship among the duration of external ventricular drainage, revision of external ventricular drains (EVDs), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection to shed light on the practice of electively revising these drains. Methods In a retrospective study of 199 patients with 269 EVDs in the intensive care unit at a major trauma center in Australasia, the authors found 21 CSF infections. Acinetobacter accounted for 10 (48%) of these infections. Whereas the duration of drainage was not an independent predictor of infection, multiple insertions of EVDs was a signifi

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43

Moon, Hong Joo, Sang Dae Kim, Jang Bo Lee, Dong Jun Lim, and Jung Yul Park. "Clinical Analysis of External Ventricular Drainage Related Ventriculitis." Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 41, no. 4 (2007): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2007.41.4.236.

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44

Konovalov, Anton, Dmitry Okishev, Oleg Shekhtman, Yuri Pilipenko, and Shalva Eliava. "Neuronavigation device for stereotaxic external ventricular drainage insertion." Surgical Neurology International 12 (June 7, 2021): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/sni_180_2021.

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Background: The insertion of an external ventricular drainage (EVD) is one of the most frequently used neurosurgical procedures. It is performed to adjust intracranial hypertension in cases of severe craniocerebral injury, acute posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, meningitis, and oncological diseases related to impaired circulation of cerebrospinal fluid circulation (CSF). Methods: In 2020, three patients with subarachnoid aneurysmal hemorrhage underwent insertion of an EVD navigation percutaneous stereotaxic device. Three cases introduced. Results: In all cases, satisfactory EVD functioning was no

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45

Louzada, Paulo Roberto, Paulo Roberto Requejo, Marcelo Viana Barroso, et al. "Bilateral extradural haematoma after acute ventricular over-drainage." Brain Injury 26, no. 1 (2011): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/02699052.2011.635356.

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46

Boulard, G., P. Ravussin, and J. Guérin. "A New Way To Monitor External Ventricular Drainage." Neurosurgery 30, no. 4 (1992): 636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199204000-00030.

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Leung, G. K. K., K. B. Ng, B. B. T. Taw, and Y. W. Fan. "Extended subcutaneous tunnelling technique for external ventricular drainage." British Journal of Neurosurgery 21, no. 4 (2007): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02688690701392881.

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Staykov, Dimitre, Hagen B. Huttner, Tobias Struffert, et al. "Intraventricular Fibrinolysis and Lumbar Drainage for Ventricular Hemorrhage." Stroke 40, no. 10 (2009): 3275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.109.551945.

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Weyns, F., J. Goffin, P. Ferdinande, and C. Plets. "Continuous external ventricular drainage in severe head injuries." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 91, no. 4 (1989): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0303-8467(89)90039-5.

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Boulard, G., P. Ravussin, and J. Guérin. "A New Way To Monitor External Ventricular Drainage." Neurosurgery 30, no. 4 (1992): 636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199204000-00030.

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