Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Vents – Modèles mathématiques'
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Pinsonneault, Steve. "Enrichissement chimique du milieu intergalactique par des vents galactiques anisotropes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28775/28775.pdf.
Full textCôté, Benoit. "Modèle de vents galactiques destiné aux simulations cosmologiques à grande échelle." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22281.
Full textMarciniak, Marie-Hélène. "Etude numérique à mésoéchelle du cycle diurne d'une circulation atmosphérique côtière influencée par un relief complexe (expérience LASBEK)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30112.
Full textAilliot, Pierre. "Modèles autorégressifs à changements de régimes markoviens. Applications aux séries temporelles de vent." Rennes 1, 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007602.
Full textThais, Laurent. "Contribution à l'étude du mouvement turbulent sous des vagues de surface cisaillées par le vent." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPT094H.
Full textGeorgelin, Marc. "Etude numérique de l'écoulement atmosphérique au voisinage des Pyrénées." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30139.
Full textKoffi, Ernest N'dri. "Caractérisation expérimentale de l'écoulement atmosphérique autour d'un massif montagneux (expérience Pyrex)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30177.
Full textAmodei, Luca. "Etude d'une classe de fonctions splines vectorielles en vue de l'approximation d'un champ de vitesse. Application à la météorologie." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30196.
Full textGhio, Fabien. "Mesure du vent par radar VHF en diversité d'antennes : application à l'expérience MUTSI." Toulon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUL0008.
Full textVarious wind measurement methods have been applied to the French Japanese MUTSI experiment data : Doppler, correlation and interferometric methods. The results show the interest of the experiment hardware configuration, i. E. Beam directions and antenna parameters, such as spacing and direction. The methods lead to an "apparent" and a true" velocity, including the effects of erpendicular wind and turbulence. The results given by these methods are compared with Doppler and in-situ wind measurements. The conclusions for an optimal configuration for the couples of receivers and their combination are presented. They allow to discuss the interest of these methods for the study of local phenomena observed by small radars and to discuss the wind rotational measurement from oblique incidences
Chan, Frédérik. "Étude et développement d'un modèle aéroélastique d'un petit véhicule de lancement spatial." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23773.
Full textDouguet, Ronan. "Optimisation de la mesure et de l'interprétation des performances dans le cadre de la course au large." Lorient, 2014. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01130476.
Full textToday, lot of parameters are analysed in real-time or in post-processing in order to optimize the boat performances. Therefore, more and more sensors and digital systems are used on sailboats. One of the most important parameter to analyze is the wind since this is the engine of sailing boats. However, the wind measurement is not accurate because it is disturbed by several phenomena. Currently, these errors are corrected by a navigation processor ; this system allows to merge data provided by multiple sensors to compute and correct the wind. Unfortunately, some corrections used by navigation processor are empirical. In this work, we propose a wind computation algorithm and a new method to establish the boat drift caused by the wind, the leeway. Initially, a model based on boat displacements is tested on simulation dataset in order to estimate the leeway. The results show the need to add a sensor to measure this drift. Then, we propose and compare several models coupled to this sensor to estimate the leeway. The results highlight the interest of these models to improve the accuracy and the reliability of the leeway measurement. In the second step, we have developed an open navigation processor to implement our wind computation algorithm. In this way, we can use any sensor and implement any algorithm ; we are no longer limited by current systems. During the final year, we tested and validated this prototype during the preparation of the C-Class catamaran for the Little America’s Cup
Attié, Jean-Luc. "Etude d'un écoulement près d'un relief à partir de moyens aéroportés (expérience Pyrex)." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30140.
Full textHidalgo, Rodriguez Julia. "Une approche observationnelle, numérique et théorique de la circulation de brise urbaine diurne pour les villes continentales." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/572/.
Full textFrom a social, economical and meteorological point of view, the urban environment is a complex system which deserves the attention of a multidisciplinary scientific community. The city modifies the local and regional weather. The city modifies the surface energy-balance and the composition of the atmosphere compared to the surrounding 'natural' terrains, temperature showing the most obvious alteration (the well-known urban heat island). The impact on the flow dynamics due to the surface heterogeneity, larger roughness and horizontal temperature gradients between urban and rural environments is more difficult to observe but is important in air quality management, structures design and urban comfort. This study focuses on the local circulation created in presence of a daytime urban heat island, under cloudless skies when regional winds are very light, called urban-breeze circulation. Different approaches are combined to advance in the knowledge of this mesoscale phenomenon: An experimental study of the urban-breeze using observational data from the CAPITOUL campaign carried out in Toulouse between February 2004 and March 2005. A numerical approach using high resolution numerical simulations performed with the non-hydrostatic atmospheric model Meso-NH coupled with the urban surface scheme TEB, allows to quantify the unmeasured 3-D mesoscale urban effects. Both approaches allowed to obtain the intensity and extension of the convergent and divergent branches of breeze, the vertical convective velocities and to quantify the perturbation on the temperature and moisture fields. .
Cousin, Frédéric. "Modélisation de l'intéraction dynamique- chimie - aérosol : campagne ESCOMPTE 2001." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30106.
Full textKerhascoët, Hugo. "De la mesure du vent au pilotage automatique d'un voilier : modélisation, optimisation & application du traitement du signal prédictif." Thesis, Lorient, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORIS433.
Full textThis thesis is part of NKE Marine’s attempts to improve the quality of apparent and real wind measurementsprovided by its navigation unit. These improvements are expected to benefit both users and improve autopilot performance. The first part describes the specific context of wind measurement on a sailboat, and the inherent issues. This study identified two knotty scientific problems: on-board wind measurements recorded by the sensor (linked to its design and response model) and how the wind triangle is reconstructed. The first objective of this thesis is therefore to propose a new methodology for the design of the wind vane that can match the sensor’s profile with the boat’s characteristics and its route planning. Improvements to this aerial sensor make it possible, on the one hand, to divide the response time by two (via the optimization of the shape of the sensors) and, on the other hand, to provide a useful signal that is twelve times more sensitive (via the application of predictive signal processing techniques that take account of sensor dynamics). Next, previous work on the problem of reconstructing three-dimensional true wind is described in detail. This part begins with a presentation of the relevant standards and definitions of metrics, before examining some solutions that can take account of perturbations in apparent and true wind in the lower layer of the atmosphere. The following part examines current methods for reconstructing true wind. This analysis highlights the fact that these corrections are not applied in the correct frames. To overcome these problems, we propose a new approach to the reconstruction of the true wind, which implements the corrections described above. This manuscript ends with a presentation of the contribution to auto piloting. Specifically, it takes the form of a new concept, termed Super Mode, which can be overlaid onto classical modes of piloting. The aim is to improve safety in gusty conditions (Gust mode), and performance when surfing (Surf mode). The value of this innovation has been proven by competition victories; it has received an innovation award, and Surf mode is the subject of a patent application. The pilot is now able to glide like a human surfer. The final contribution to the autopilot concerns the integration of a new type of sensor: electronic telltales. Finally, this manuscript contributes to our overall understanding of the problems and nuances that must be taken into account when developing or using a navigation unit and an autopilot. The work highlights the close correlation between the various sensors and the data calculated by the navigation unit. Significant improvements to the accuracy of both elements can be obtained when the concept of predictive filtering is extended and appliedto the navigation unit as a whole
Bsalis, Elias. "Commande modale d'un avion sans pilote par retour dynamique de sortie." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ESAE0002.
Full textAbdelli, Abdenour. "Optimisation multicritère d'une chaîne éolienne passive." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553540.
Full textHemadou-Artigues, Claude. "Calcul des charges en vol dues aux perturbations atmosphériques par la méthode Statistical Discrete Gust." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0021.
Full textPetit, Véronique. "Étude spectropolarimétrique du magnétisme des étoiles massives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27893/27893.pdf.
Full textMontroty, Rémi. "Impact d'une assimilation de données à méso-échelle sur la prévision cyclonique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/782/.
Full textIs part of the responsibilities of the RSMC of La Reunion and in line with the research topics of the LaCy and the CNRM-GAME, this PhD thesis has been suggested so as to investigate leads that would help better describe and predict tropical cyclones in a mesoscale model over the Indian ocean. Two main topics were investigated : the use of pseudo-observations of total column water vapour (TCWV) derived from the ECMWF analyses in cloudy/rainy areas jointly with a 3D wind bogus so as to constrain position, size and intensity of tropical cycles, and the use of error variances "of the day" in the data assimilation algorithm. We are interested equally in the position and intensity analyses and forecasts : scores and diagnostics thus target those two quantities. Since tropical cyclones exhibit large circular, cloudy/rainy areas which are devoid of observations that can be assimilated, we look at the impacts of those pseudo-observations of TCWV when assimilated in those areas. It is expected that this data can bring new information to the data assimilation system, thus helping constrain the analysis. The pseudo-observations of TCWV in cloudy/rainy areas are derived from an algorithm built by correlating the ECMWF's 1D-VAR TCWV analyses with the SSM/I brightness temperatures, over the southwest Indian ocean bassin. The TCWV data is then assimilated in a 5-week study during the year 2007, study which covered three intense cyclones over the basin. The TCWV data assimilation is done in 3D-VAR mode in the ALADIN Reunion model and is completed by the use of a 3D wind bogus, developed internally at the CRC. The impacts are very positive in terms of direct position error reduction : at analysis, the error was lowered by 75% and through this better positioning, a positive impact was further seen in the forecasts up to 24h, with statistical significance. The TCWV data impact is most notable in terms of structural improvement : when compared to TMI instantaneous rain rates, the experiment that assimilated both the 3D wind bogus and the TCWV data stands out as reproducing the most realistic cyclonic features. The radius of maximum winds, the pattern of spiral rainbands and the general asymetries of the tropical cyclones are better described thanks to the cycling of this data and are in better agreement with the TMI observations. In order to explore the impact of downscaling from ALADIN Reunion, a version of the high resolution model AROME has been implemented over a part of the southwest Indian ocean and covers Reunion island. The sharper, more realistic orography of the AROME Reunion model at 4 km horizontal resolution allows to better capture cyclonic precipitations. .
Blein, Sébastien. "Observation et modélisation de couche limite atmosphérique stable en relief complexe : le processus turbulent d'écoulement catabatique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAI023/document.
Full textThe stable atmospheric boundary layer, particularly in complex terrain, is not yet fully understood and it is thus still inadequately modelled. A surface cooling of a sloping terrain generates katabatic wind due to local density increase. This flow behaves as a wall-bounded turbulent jet, often simply modelled by a local balance between the buoyancy force and the turbulent friction. In mountainous regions, the wind maximum is typically observed at a height (z_j) of 1-10 m above the ground. The wall-bounded jet is responsible for a momentum-flux sign change and a heat-flux variability close to the ground. Those turbulent-flux variabilities are fully conflicting with the aplicability of the Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST), which is nevertheless universally used in the atmospheric models to provide the surface boundary condition. If the MOST is already questionable for the very stable cases, it is obviously not valide over sloping surfaces because it neglectes the coupling of the wind and temperature equations, which constitutes the katabatic source. Hence, it is not possible to adequatly model a katabatic flow (z_j O(1m)) using the MOST, especially with a vertical resolution of the order of magnitude of z_j. The aim of the this PhD work is thus to improve the current understanding and modelling capacity of the katabatic winds.Since data sets of turbulent-katabatic-flow measurements are still scarce, a new field campain was carried out on a steep slope (20-40 deg): the west face of the Grand-Colon mountain (Belledonne ridge, French Alps). The experimental setup was mainly composed of a 6m mast with four sonic-anemometer levels (1, 2, 4 and 6m) to measure the turbulence on both sides of the katabatic jet. The spectral analysis shows the hight sensitivity of the local flow to external perturbations, even when these are weak. The hight-frequency subrange shows a classical behaviour (energy-injection frequency, inertial subrange), but the spectra of the intermediate and low-frequency subranges are less typical: turbulent perturbations with an energy of the order of magnitude of the local injection are present. A specific cospectra behaviour of the katabatic flows is shown: negative and positive cross-correlations overlap gradually, increasing z. The MOST fails in representing the observed flow and a surface-flux alternative estimation is succesfully used to describe the friction vellocity.The 1D surface model of ISBA (Météo-France) is modified to model katabatic flows. The model is firstly validated with a standard calibrated Prandtl model (with variable eddy difusivity). Secondly, the field data are modelled both with a prescribed effective diffusivity (from data) and using the 1.5-order turbulence scheme. The mean velocity and temperature fields are well reproduced, but it appears that the model is over-diffusive (which generates excessive fluxes), even when an adapted mixing-length is used.Realistic 3D LES simulations (Meso-NH, Météo-France) are computed with high resolution to model the field data. Spatial flow variabilities over sloping terrain are finely represented, but are biased, mainly due to the using of MOST for the surface boundary counditions. The using of MOST shifts the start of the katabatic source detection by the atmospheric model to a height of 2 m, while the katabatic source reaches its maximum at the surface. Analytical katabatic models (of the Prandtl type, which could be easily used to feed surface boundary counditions) need an "apriori" definition of the eddy and heat diffusivities. Currently, the general definition of these diffusivities is only possible by the use of turbulent models that include closures. The coupling of the previously-presented 1D surface model (validated off-line) is suggested to overcome the lack of physics description in the classic surface boundary counditions. Preliminary work on this coupling is developed and perspective solutions are proposed
Rioux, Marc-Antoine. "Ventes intertemporelles par un monopoleur d'un antibiotique sujet à la résistance bactérienne." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27098.
Full textHuguet, Frédéric. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique du phénomène de brise de mer." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10164.
Full textDiev, Pavel. "Quatre essais sur la prise de décisions efficace." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX24025.
Full textThe thesis is build up by four essays studying decision-making mechanisms for public decisions. The first essay analyses the issue of the optimal majority threshold in voting and shows that the unanimity is not an optimal rule except in the case where negotiations could be made without distortions. The second essay studies experimentally an auction mechanism for the provision of a discrete public good and provides evidence that individuals have incentives to overbid in order to finance the cost of the good. The third essay provides a theoritical analysis of a slightly modified auction mechanism than the one experimented previously. This essay shows that the optimal decision could be implemented in pure strategies equilibria. The forth essay studies a mechanism designed for binary decisions opposing two parties (opponents and partisans of the status quo) and shows that such a mechanism could provide a solution to the problem of "expropriating the minority" observed in voting
Despagne, Wilfried. "Construction, analyse et implémentation d'un modèle de prévision : déploiement sous forme d'un système de prévision chez un opérateur européen du transport et de la logistique." Phd thesis, Université Européenne de Bretagne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00487327.
Full textMiyaura, Edson Haruo. "Modélisation de fatigue et de mécanique de la rupture d'une structure éolienne soumise au chargement dynamique et aléatoire du vent." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAM0005/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to demonstrate how to do theoretical analyses of fatigue and fracture mechanics in a structure for horizontal axis wind turbine. The chain of calculations required to reach this objective is particularly long for two reasons : firstly, the wind speed varies randomly with time , secondly, the vibration amplitude of the mast is amplified due to its natural frequencies of vibration. A whole chapter is dedicated to modeling the wind speed in space and time. The same chapter shows how to synthesize a random signal by employing a power spectral density function (PSD). The axial force of the rotor is the most important loading on a structure for horizontal axis wind turbine. This force has a non linear relation with the wind speed. This implies the need to determine the PSD of the axial force from its signal, by employing a spectral estimation method. The Thomson Multitaper method revealed to be the most satisfactory for this application. The PSD of displacement of the mast is determined by associating the receptance of the structural system and the PSD of the force representing all loadings. Finally, a signal of stress can be synthesized from its PSD. The fatigue cycle counting method known as rainflow is discussed and employed. The fact that the signal of stress has a variable amplitude implies the need of a more sophisticated method to simulate a crack propagation. The method chosen in this thesis is called strip-yield
Ducasse, Éric. "Modélisation et simulation dans le domaine temporel d'instruments à vent à anche simple en situation de jeu : méthodes et modèles." Le Mans, 2001. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2001/2001LEMA1013.pdf.
Full textThe purpose is to conceive a physical model of a woodwind instrument including actions of the player for time-domain simulations. Both continuous and discrete time contexts need the design of methods linked to acoustics, signal processing and applied mathematics. The first chapter describes postulates and principles chosen for object-oriented modeling. The instrument is seen as lumped elements linked by pieces of tube. Some details are given on the modeling of a single reed mouthpiece and a key-pad system. Sound examples illustrate the potential of this kind of modeling in playing situation. In this introducing chapter, three important points are highlighted and developed in the three following chapters. The second chapter describes a two-port model of bore appropriate to cylinders, cones, and any other shapes without discontinuities in cross-section. This two-port uses locally-travelling waves as input, output, and state variables in preference to the usual travelling waves which can sometimes generate instabilities. The third chapter is about the mechanical modeling of a single reed. A lumped model with varying parameters is discussed, including questions about the rolling up of the reed on the lay of the mouthpiece and validity of a beam model. The fourth chapter attempts to establish principles of digital filter design for looped acoustic systems, especially for two-port descriptions of acoustic bores in discrete time domain
La, Foye Alexandre de. "Calcul de la réponse dynamique des structures élancées à la turbulence du vent." Nantes, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NANT2074.
Full textEProgresses in civil engineering allow to design more and more light and slender structures. The results of this is a higher sensitivity of these structures to fluctuating wind sollicitations. A vibratory behaviour can then lead civil engineering works to failure. The aim of our work is to develop numerical tools which enable to assess the response of slender structures to wind turbulence. The natural wind is a three-dimensional stochastic process which can be described by probalistic modèls. Fluctuating aerodynamic forces are divided into two parts : the buffeting forces, directly linked to the wind turbulence, which are associated to the concept of aerodynamic admittance ; aeroelastic forces, generated by structure vibrations which can induce a unstable dynamical behaviour
Boussu, François. "Simulation de la filière textile - habillement - distribution : réduction de la complexité en vue d'une meilleure prévision des ventes." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-31.pdf.
Full textUne identification des methodes et modeles de prevision adaptes a l'environnement de vente des articles textiles est egalement proposee. L'application de six methodes de prevision, et leurs evaluations par des mesures differentes de l'erreur sur des donnees de vente reelles, a permis de mettre en valeur les capacites d'adaptation et de precision des methodes de lissage utilisant une procedure d'auto-regulation de leurs propres parametres. Enfin, la reduction du nombre de donnees a traiter tout en minimisant la perte d'information est abordee. Les methodologies de classification proposees constituent des methodes d'analyse des donnees de vente des articles textiles et fournissent l'essentiel de l'information pour l'identification d'un modele de prevision adapte. L'utilisation d'un algorithme genetique de classification, dont la capacite reside a explorer l'ensemble des solutions, a permis d'atteindre la repartition optimale globale
Molcard, Anne. "Simulations de la circulation générale de la mer Méditerranée forçée par le vent, à l'aide d'un modèle aux éléments spectraux." Poitiers, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998POIT2290.
Full textSanz, Rodrigo Javier. "On antarctic wind engineering." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209953.
Full textThe first issue in remote places like Antarctica is the lack of site wind measurements and meteorological information in general. In order to complement this shortage of information various meteorological databases have been surveyed. Global Reanalyses, produced by the European Met Office ECMWF, and RACMO/ANT mesoscale model simulations, produced by the Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research of Utrecht University (IMAU), have been validated versus independent observations from a network of 115 automatic weather stations. The resolution of these models, of some tens of kilometers, is sufficient to characterize the wind climate in areas of smooth topography like the interior plateaus or the coastal ice shelves. In contrast, in escarpment and coastal areas, where the terrain gets rugged and katabatic winds are further intensified in confluence zones, the models lack resolution and underestimate the wind velocity.
The Antarctic atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is characterized by the presence of strong katabatic winds that are generated by the presence of surface temperature inversions in sloping terrain. This inversion is persistent in Antarctica due to an almost continuous cooling by longwave radiation, especially during the winter night. As a result, the ABL is stably stratified most of the time and, only when the wind speed is high it becomes near neutrally stratified. This thesis also aims at making a critical review of the hypothesis underlying wind engineering models when extreme boundary layer situations are faced. It will be shown that the classical approach of assuming a neutral log-law in the surface layer can hold for studies of wind loading under strong winds but can be of limited use when detailed assessments are pursued.
The Antarctic landscape, mostly composed of very long fetches of ice covered terrain, makes it an optimum natural laboratory for the development of homogeneous boundary layers, which are a basic need for the formulation of ABL theories. Flux-profile measurements, made at Halley Research Station in the Brunt Ice Shelf by the British Antarctic Survery (BAS), have been used to analyze boundary layer similarity in view of formulating a one-dimensional ABL model. A 1D model of the neutral and stable boundary layer with a transport model for blowing snow has been implemented and verified versus test cases of the literature. A validation of quasi-stationary homogeneous profiles at different levels of stability confirms that such 1D models can be used to classify wind profiles to be used as boundary conditions for detailed 3D computational wind engineering studies.
A summary of the wind engineering activities carried out during the design of the Antarctic Research Station is provided as contextual reference and point of departure of this thesis. An elevated building on top of sloping terrain and connected to an under-snow garage constitutes a challenging environment for building design. Building aerodynamics and snowdrift management were tested in the von Karman Institute L1B wind tunnel for different building geometries and ridge integrations. Not only for safety and cost reduction but also for the integration of renewable energies, important benefits in the design of a building can be achieved if wind engineering is considered since the conceptual phase of the integrated building design process.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
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Duclos, Gosselin Louis. "How Managers Can Use Predictive Analysis and Mathematical Models as Decision Making Tools." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/26771/26771.pdf.
Full textAilliot, Pierre. "Modèles autorégressifs à changements de régimes markoviens. Applications aux séries tempo-relles de vent." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007602.
Full textSellier, Damien. "Analyse numérique du comportement mécanique d'arbres sous sollicitation aérodynamique turbulente." Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12911.
Full textRivest, Guillaume. "HETEROGENEITY OF BIDDERS IN COMMON VALUE AUCTION EXPERIMENTS. A Simulation Analysis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26430/26430.pdf.
Full textBergeron, Carl. "Modélisation du chablis en pessières régulières et irrégulières : effet de la diversité structurale des pessières noires boréales sur la résistance et la susceptibilité au chablis." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24356/24356.pdf.
Full textWorks aimed to evaluate windthrow resistance and susceptibility for black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) stands of regular and irregular structure are presented here. Performed tree pulling works permitted to evaluate the critical bending moment in order to quantify the resistance of trees to overturning and stem breakage. Different models where fitted to the data. The critical bending moment is function of stem weight in all cases and influenced by the structure type or the height:diameter ratio in some cases. These results on mechanical resistance, along with crown modelling results and other adjustments, were used in an adaptation of the ForestGALES model in order to quantify windthrow susceptibility. Susceptibility appears to be quite variable between compared stands, both between and within structure types, but average tree spacing and height:diameter ratio explain most of the observed variability.
Dammak, Fredj Amine. "Essais sur la gestion d'actifs a l'international : évaluation en présence de frictions et diversification." Thesis, Amiens, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AMIE0057/document.
Full textPere, Christophe. "Étude de l’atmosphère de Vénus à l’aide d’un modèle de réfraction lors du passage devant le Soleil des 5-6 Juin 2012." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4063/document.
Full textThe transit of Venus across the Sun is a rare and unique opportunity to study therefraction of sunlight through the atmosphere, called the "aureola", and determine the atmosphericproperties of the planet and in particular the thermal structure of the upper atmosphere. Theobjective of this thesis was the modeling of this refraction effect at terminator during the passageacross the Sun which took place on June, 5-6 2012, and a comparison with data obtained in thesame region during the Venus Express mission.The first part is devoted to the analysis of data from an Earth-orbiting solar observatory thatallowed the creation of individual aureola light curves according to latitude, that were used as amodeling reference. The study of the refracting atmosphere was first carried out by an isothermalapproach (Baum and Code (1953) theory). The model was then refined by simulating threeconcentric layers based on prior analysis of Venus Express/SPICAV-SOIR vertical density profiledata obtained simultaneously on June 6, 2012. Finally, the complete model developed for thisstudy is a concentric layered model with sub-kilometer vertical resolution. This model has allowedus to retrieve from individual aureole lightcurves a density vertical profile function of the latitudeand the tau = 1 altitude of slanted opacity along the line of sight, induced by mesospheric aerosols.These data were subsequently used to generate temperature maps in 2D function of latitude andaltitude, we compare the solar occultation data from the Venus Express mission (SOIR). This studyalso determined independently the scale height of aerosols and the chromaticity in the atmosphereof Venus.A separate, additional study on 2004 Venus transit data was conducted jointly with Dr.Andrea Chiavassa to highlight the impact of the stellar granulation on exoplanetary transit curves inextrasolar systems
Colin, Yann. "Simulation numérique de la distorsion générée par une entrée d'air de moteur civil par vent de travers." Toulouse, ISAE, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ESAE0013.
Full textDe, Smet Yves. "A multicreteria perspective on reverse auctions." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210974.
Full textDoctorat en sciences appliquées
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Lashermes, Gwenaëlle. "Évolution des polluants organiques au cours du compostage de déchets organiques : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00546943.
Full textVionnet, Vincent. "Études du transport de la neige par le vent en conditions alpines : observations et simulations à l'aide d'un modèle couplé atmosphère/manteau neigeux." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781279.
Full textSchaeffer, Amandine. "Impact du vent sur la circulation hydrodynamique dans le Golfe du Lion : modélisation haute résolution." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603720.
Full textSaba, Stéphanie. "Marché et réseaux : l'influence des liens interindividuels sur l'efficacité des échanges." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020008/document.
Full textHow to define and measure trust is still an enigma in economics, philosophy and sociology. This "three papers" thesis compares two different mechanisms - egotiated(decentralised submarket) and auction (centralised submarket) - on the basis of trust. Through an empirical study, the level of trust is evaluated and its impact is analysed on the "Boulogne-sur-Mer" fish market characterised by a stable coexistence of these two mechanisms. The three papers are preceded by a general introduction and a literature review. Paper one aims at comparing the nestedness and the robustness of both submarkets. Social network tools of ecologists are applied in order to provide an answer. Paper two models trust creation on both structures from the buyer side using the survival analysis and considering the buyer size. Paper three studies the effect of a trust index on the outcomes of transactions. Bipartite and projected graphs reveal the difference between submarkets. This thesis shows that the negotiated market is marked by a higher level of trust as agents interact and are not fully informed about the market situation unlike the auction one where information is centralised. We believe that trust is a way out of risk when there is lack of information
Enache, Andreea. "Structural Econometrics for Game Theoretical Models." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0126.
Full textThis thesis consists of four essays articulated around the topic of inverse problems in games of incomplete information. The objective of the dissertation is to study the identification and the estimation of a functional parameter in a context of unobserved variables, situation often encountered in the presence of asymmetric information. We recover the distribution of primitives in auctions and contract-theory models using the data and the concept of Bayesian Nash Equilibrium. All chapters use a quantile approach both in terms of identification and estimation methodology. Another common feature is that all the economic issues are studied in a fully nonparametric setting. In spite of that, for a class of problems that turn out to be well-posed inverse problems, we find parametric speed of convergence for our estimators. Usually, many game-theoretical models belong to a class of ill-posed inverse problems. Nevertheless, the two first papers (the third-price auction model and the pure adverse selection model) of this thesis treat models that belong in fact to a class of well-posed inverse problems. The third essay generalizes the results of the first two articles by considering a general form for the strategy function of the game and introduces a new class of well-posed games called "hazard-rate game models". The last chapter of the dissertation studies the first-price auction model using the quantile approach which, by contrast with the existing literature, leads to a closed-form solution for the quantiles of the latent variables
Mallaroni, Bastien. "Relation entre la géométrie d'un résonateur de longueur finie et son rayonnement : Etude numérique et expérimentale de ses résonances complexes." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX11122.
Full textThe principal goal of this work was to develop a numerical method to study the coupling between internal and external fluid of a resonator, notably to study the link between the shape of a finite length resonator and his radiation. For this we study complex resonances, corresponding to the poles of the Green's function of system coupled with the external environment. The imaginary part of resonance frequencies is here directly related to losses due to radiation. We based our work on three main areas: an analytical study using a modal theory with the inclusion of non-planar modes, the development of a numerical method based on boundary finite elements and an experimental comparison of our theoretical results. The analytical modal theory has allowed us to study the radiation of finite length cylindrical pipe opening into an infinite screen, which is a reference case for further study. The numerical method, developed in a FORTRAN parallelized code, gave us the opportunity to study resonators with more complex geometries such as horns. To reduce computation time, we introduced an hybrid method mixing modal theory to describe the conservative part of system, that allows fast computation, and boundary element method, allowing a fine representation of complex geometries, to describe the radiating part. We have finished this work with a first experimental validation of results
Gagnaire-Renou, Elodie. "Amélioration de la modélisation spectrale des états de mer par un calcul quasi-exact des interactions non-linéaires vague-vague." Phd thesis, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00595353.
Full textPerozzi, Gabriele. "Exploration sécurisée d’un champ aérodynamique par un mini drone." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0007/document.
Full textThis thesis is part of the project "Small drones in the wind" carried by the ONERA center of Lille. This project aims to use the drone as a "wind sensor" to manage a UAV quadrotor in disturbed wind conditions using wind field prediction. In this context, the goal of the thesis is to make the quadrotor a wind sensor to provide local information to update the navigation system. With real-time on-board wind estimation, the quadrotor can compute a trajectory planning avoiding dangerous areas and the corresponding trajectory control, based on anexisting cartography and information on the aerodynamic behavior of airflow close to obstacles. Thus, the results of this thesis, whose main objectives are to estimate instant wind and position control, will be merged with another study dealing with trajectory planning. An important problem is that pressure sensors, such as the aeroclinometer and the Pitot tube, are not usable in rotary-wing vehicles because rotors air inflow interferes with the atmospheric flow and lightweight LIDAR sensors generally are not available. Another approach to estimate the wind is to implement an estimation software (or an intelligent sensor). In this thesis, three estimators are developed using the sliding mode approach, based on an adequate drone model, available measurements on the quadrotor and inertial tracking position systems. We are then interested in the control of the trajectory also by sliding mode considering the nonlinear model of the quadrotor. In addition, we are still studying quite an early alternative solution based on the H control, considering the linearized model for different equilibrium points as a function of the wind speed. The control and estimation algorithms are strictly based on the detailed model of the quadrotor, which highlights the influence of the wind
Monrolin, Nicolas. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de la propulsion électrohydrodynamique dans l'air." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018INPT0086/document.
Full textThe Biefeld-Brown effect, named after its discoverers in 1920s, stands for the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) force applied on two high voltage electrodes in air. The origin of this force has been subject to controverse, but it is establised that it relies on the acceleration of ionized air by a strong electric field. Numerous applications are associated with ionic wind : active flow control, heat transfer enhancement, food drying or even propulsion. At the first glance, the low efficiency is unattractive for propulsion. However recent experiments highlighted a surprisingly high thrust/power ratio. This PhD research aimed to better understand the phenomena, through experiments and theoretical or numerical analysis. First, an experimental study was carried out to quantify the EHD force and its variations with the geometry of the electrodes. For instance, the best position of two collecting electrodes could produce nearly twice more thrust than the one collector configuration, for a given applied voltage. Considering the mass and the aerodynamic of some already existing very light aircrafts, it is shown that the produced thrust could at most balance the aerodynamic drag. This first results were enhanced by PIV measurements, which gave deeper insight into the flow and the force field between the electrodes. The air speed recorded was at most around 3 m/s, while the volumetric force of the order of 10 N/m3. The physical explaination of the optimal two collectors configuration relied partially on the wake flow structures and their unsteady effects. Then, a theoretical analysis of the propulsive force confirmed its explicit dependence on the current to mobility ratio. The discharge current being determined by the corona discharge physics, the second part of this work focuses on its theoretical and numerical analysis. An asymptotic approach of the corona discharge for concentric cylindrical electrodes led to an explicit expression of both the onset surface electric field and the current-voltage law as functions of the gas density, the effective ionization coefficient and the electrodes size. This asymptotic approach was reformulated in the frame of a domain decomposition method, implemented numerically with a finite elements discretization, in order to generalize the asymptotic approach. The iterative algorythm for the steady non-linear coupled system of equations is based on Newton method. This method provides a physically relevant boundary condition for the charge injection and can be applied to more complex geometries
Hemdane, Yacine. "Dynamique hydro-sédimentaire de l'avant-côte de type macrotidal : le cas du littoral du Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0302.
Full textThree field campaigns were carried out in the nearshore zone of the Opal Coast, Southern North Sea, with the aim of improving our understanding of the hydrodynamics and sediment transport patterns prevailing on a macrotidal shoreface subject to significant wind influence. Three field sites, respectively subject to erosion, accretion and stability, were chosen and hydrodynamic conditions (water levels, waves, longshore and cross-shore currents) were monitored at depths ranging from 5 to 10 m together with bed sediment sampling under various wind forcing conditions. Simulation of sediment transport was carried out using the semi-quantitative grain-size vector model of Gao and Collins (1992) and the Sedtrans96 model of Li and Amos (2001). The models of Yalin (1963) and Grant and Madsen (1986) were used to calculate bed shear stress and sediment entrainment. The results highlight an essentially longshore sediment circulation system hinged on the regional bi-directional flood-ebb tidal pattern. Superimposed on this system is a spatially and temporally variable asymmetry pattern due to wind and wind-wave forcing and to the local bathymetry which is dominated by a complex system of tidal banks and ridges. The local bathymetry probably induces resonance phenomena that affect the tidal wave and tidal ellipse vectors. Cross-shore sediment transport processes only occur during tidal reversal phases, when negligible tidal current velocities give way to wind-forced currents and wave action favourable to onshore transport, qith offshore transport induced by bed return flows and infragravity waves (between 0,03 and 0,003 Hz). However, the obliquity of the major axis of the tidal ellipse relative to shoreline orientation may also generate cross-shore flows across the shoreface. It is important to note that the strong longshore tidal currents, sometimes reinforced by wind forcing, may annul cross-shore sediment transport. This is highlighted by the longshore morphology of the shoreface tidal ridges which appear to be subject to little onshore movement