Academic literature on the topic 'Verb adjective'
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Journal articles on the topic "Verb adjective"
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Fatimah, Siti. "Exploring Compound Words and Acronyms Used in Health Column of CNN International News." JELL (Journal of English Language and Literature) STIBA-IEC Jakarta 10, no. 01 (2025): 39–50. https://doi.org/10.37110/jell.v10i01.239.
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This research mainly aims to find out the types of compound words and acronyms found in CNN International news articles in the health column, which consists of 5 news articles. A descriptive qualitative method is used in this research to analyze the data. This research uses the theory from McCarthy (2002), regarding the types of compound words and the theory from Lieber (2009), regarding acronyms. The results of this research show that there are 3 types of compound words and their meanings consisting of compound verbs, compound adjectives, and compound nouns. Compound verb patterns: verb+verb, preposition+verb, compound adjective patterns: noun+adjective, adjective+adjective, verb+adjective, and compound noun patterns: verb+noun, noun+noun, adjective+noun, preposition+noun. This reseach also found acronyms used in 5 CNN International health column news.
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Murat, Atar. "SIDE NAMES WITH AUXILIARY VERBS IN UIGHUR TURKISH." Vestnik Bishkek state university af. K. Karasaev 2, no. 60 (2022): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35254/bhu/2022.60.56.
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Although indefinite verbs form temporary nouns, they can sometimes lose these properties and become permanent nouns in both Uyghur Turkish and Turkish. The reason for this is that adjective verb suffixes have some constructive suffixes. Adjectives make the verbs to which they are added temporary nouns. The adjective verb suffixes used in my study made nouns both permanent nouns and temporary nouns that have a primary purpose. My study provides examples of both permanent and temporary nouns. When we look at the permanent nouns made with adjective verbs in Uyghur Turkish, it is seen that there are permanent names used in daily life, related to household tools and equipment, agriculture and animal husbandry. In our study -DACI, -DIK, -KAN, -GU, -KUÇİ, -mAs, -Ar, -yUk, -mIş adjective verb suffixes were used. A total of 177 examples have been identified with these adjective verb suffixes.
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HÜSEYNOVA, K. S., and İ. Z. VƏLİYEVA. "AZƏRBAYCAN VƏ İNGİLİS DİLLƏRİNDƏ FEİLİN NÖVLƏRİ VƏ ONLARIN NİTQ HİSSƏLƏRİ SİSTEMİNDƏ ROLU VƏ ƏHƏMİYYƏTİ." Actual Problems of study of humanities 2, no. 2024 (2024): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.62021/0026-0028.2024.3.055.
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Types of Verbs in the Azerbaijan and English Languages, Their Role and Meaning in Parts of the Language System Summary The article analyzes the different kinds of verbs in English and Azerbaijani, also analyzes the role and meaning of parts of speech in simple and complex sentences, also personal and unpersonal forms of verbs and their changes in present, past tense forms. Verbal adjectives in English are impersonal forms of verbs, and have both adjective and adverbial characteristics in addition to verb characteristics. As we know, the verb adjective is the present tense form of a) in English-English suffix; b) the past tense verb form of the verb is the adjective form. Key words: English language, types of verbs, Azerbaijani language, comparison, development
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Arciuli, Joanne, Linda Cupples, and Gabriella Vigliocco. "Are word meanings corresponding to different grammatical categories organised differently within lexical semantic memory?" Mental Lexicon 1, no. 2 (2006): 251–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.1.2.05arc.
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We report on two experiments that examined lexical semantic memory. Experiment 1 included semantically related word-pairs (similarity of meaning) and unrelated word-pairs from three grammatical categories (nouns, verbs, adjectives). Experiment 2 included semantically related word-pairs (contrasting meaning) and unrelated word-pairs from the same three categories. Results of both experiments showed similar levels of semantic priming across same versus different grammatical category word-pairs (e.g., verb–verb pairs vs. verb–adjective pairs). Additional analyses of each experiment showed similar levels of priming within each of the three grammatical categories (i.e., noun–noun vs. verb–verb vs. adjective–adjective pairs). These findings suggest that there are no sharp architectural distinctions amongst words from different grammatical categories within lexical semantic memory.
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Dort-Slijper, Marjolein van, Gert Rijlaarsdam, and Eva Breedveld. "De Verwerving Van Morfologische Regels in Schrift (III)." Toegepaste Taalwetenschap in Artikelen 61 (January 1, 1999): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ttwia.61.09dor.
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In order to provide textbook authors with empirical data on the acquisition in Dutch of written morphology in nouns, verbs and adjectives, several empirical studies have been undertaken. In this article, the third study reports on the performance of the morpheme -e in a special case of adjectives in Dutch: the adjectives derived from participles. The study tries to determine the possible interference between the morphological rules for verb inflection (past tense) and adjective declension in reading and writing. Five classes of adjectives were distinguished according to order of relative difficulty established a priori. Subjects (n=157, grade 6, 7 and 8 from two schools) individually completed a compre-hension and a production task in which factors were systematically varied. Also a recognition test on the spelling of the past tense of verbs was administered. The results showed an effect of categories of verbal adjectives in the production task, but only for groups 7 and 8; group 6 was not sensitive to the differences between the categories. In the recognition task, no effect of type of adjective (verbal or normal) was found for groups 7 and 8; but for group 6, performance on verbal adjectives was lower for the three most difficult categories of adjectives. In the production task, all three groups performed lower on verbal adjectives than normal adjectives in the two most difficult categories of adjectives. It turned out that groups which acquired spelling rules for the past tense of verbs to a higher level, made more errors in the spelling of verbal adjectives, especially in the two categories of adjectives which related the strongest to the spelling of verbs. It was concluded that indications were found that negative transfer or interference is present. Authors recommend changing the order of phases in which spelling rules are trained: from 'adjective declension-verb inflection (past tense)-verbal adjective declension' to 'adjective declension (including verbal adjective declension)-verb declension (past tense).
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Ollennu, Yvonne Akwele Amankwaa. "On Predication of Adjectives in Ga." International Journal of Linguistics 9, no. 2 (2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v9i2.11067.
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The adjective as a word class is elusive, as sometimes this distinct class is not easy to be identified in some languages though recent linguistics studies have claimed it exists in all languages. In Ga, a Kwa language of Niger Congo, the adjective class can be clearly defined. The Ga adjective class consists of both derived and underived forms. Adjectives are syntactically known to play the role of attribution, and/or predication and also found in comparative constructions. This paper investigates how adjectives in predicative positions in English are expressed in Ga and more especially when multiple ones serve as copula complement. It shows that adjectives in predication are expressed through verbs in Ga. The adjectives found in Ga are classified according to Dixon semantic classes. The data for this study were collected through questionnaire and follow up interviews from some native speakers. From the study, it came to light that verbs that occur in predicate positions as head of the verb phrases may have adjective equivalents but speakers prefer the verbs to the adjectives and there seems to be some number agreement with the nouns in subject position. When the adjective has no verb equivalent, natives make use of relative clauses and also make use of the adjectives. The study further revealed that when multiple adjectives are used in predicative position, though a restricted order was not established, there exist a preferred order for example, dimension adjectives occur before colour adjectives.
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De Raad, Boele, Erik Mulder, Klaas Kloosterman, and Willem K. B. Hofstee. "Personality‐descriptive verbs." European Journal of Personality 2, no. 2 (1988): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.2410020204.
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This article describes the derivation of a taxonomy of personality‐descriptive verbs. In the introduction the verb domain is delineated relative to other domains of the language of personality. It is argued that verbs are theoretically useful in bridging the gap between trait language and act language. The aim is to provide a representative and effective instrument for registering judgements on personality. In a first study the steps are described that were followed to arrive at a list of personality‐descriptive verbs. Both the present authors and layjudges (n=22) took part in this. Five hundred and forty‐three verbs resulted from this study. Study 2 (n=200) describes the determination of the internal structure of the domain of verbs through factor analysis of both self‐ and partner‐ratings. By applying a method of rotation to perfectly congruent weights the verb‐structure turned out to be invariant under the self‐ and partner‐conditions. The last part of the study investigates the relationship between personality‐descriptive verbs and adjectives. Regressions of verb‐ratings on the adjective‐ratings and of adjective‐ratings on the verb‐ratings were calculated and factor analyses were performed on the residual matrices. The results show the existence of additional verb‐dimensions above those already established in the adjective domain.
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ZEYNAL, Sərdar. "PROFESSOR HƏSƏN MİRZƏYEVİN ELMİ YARADICILIĞINDA FEİLİN TƏSRİFLƏNMƏYƏN FORMALARI - FEİLİ SİFƏT." EUROASIA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 10, no. 30 (2023): 80–85. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7757615.
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In the article, the research work of the doctor of philological sciences, professor Hasan Mirzayev on verb adjectives, which is the main section of the grammar of the Azerbaijani language, and the latest results obtained as a result of this research, are examined and analyzed, and the position he gained in this field in linguistics is highlighted. the merits of the result in filling the gap in Azerbaijani linguistics are noted and revealed based on the facts. Hasan Mirzayev on verb adjectives, which is the main section of the grammar of the Azerbaijani language, and the latest results obtained as a result of this research, are analyzed and the position he gained in this field in linguistics is highlighted. The qualities he achieved in the mentioned field and the merits of his final result in filling the gap in Azerbaijani linguistics were noted and revealed based on facts. One of the most interesting, little-studied areas of the grammar of the Azerbaijani language, which still needs to be studied, is the unclassified forms of the verb. When we get acquainted with the textbooks published starting from the 19th century, we see that, although the verb section of grammar was widely reflected in those textbooks, extensive information was not given about the unclassified forms of the verb. It was widely discussed about the infinitive form of the verb. Since the infinitive indicates the name of the action, when talking about the verb, it is necessary to talk about the infinitive as well. It is written about the infinitive in N. Narimanov's "Comprehensive usage of the Turkish-Azerbaijani language" textbook, published in 1899: "The infinitive indicates not only a thing (a. Sahib, ) but also time. For example: to come, to go, to sing". Later, many textbooks and grammar books published successively addressed this issue and gave extensive information about it. Hasan Mirzayev, a linguist, Turkologist, Honored Scholar, doctor of philological sciences, one of the outstanding linguists of his time, who gave the most extensive information about the infinitive forms of the verb in the 20th century, and thus dedicated a special work to this issue, was Hasan Mirzayev. The work "Verb in Azerbaijani language" published by him is noteworthy in this respect. Part III of the 2nd volume of the scientist's selected works is entitled "Indefinable verbs". The first chapter of this section is called "The Problem of Verb Adjectives in Turkology and the Features of the Suffixes That Form It", the second chapter is called "Common and Individual Features of the Verb Adjective with the Verb", and the third chapter is called "The Common and Individual Features of the Verb Adjective with the Adjective and Its Substantivization". Talking about the study of the verb adjective, the professor writes about this issue in the first chapter: "The verb adjective expresses the characteristic of both the verb and the adjective. The fact that the verb adjective has these two characteristics has made its research difficult, ... verb adjective
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LI, Wenchao. "Revisit adjective distribution in Chinese." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 7, no. 2 (2017): 85–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.7.2.85-109.
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This study re-classifies Chinese monosyllabic adjectives and verbs in light of ‘scale structure’. It examines how various adjectives are associated with different scalar layers of verbs. The investigation focuses upon direct perception expressions and resultatives. The finding reveals that the closed-scale perceptual verb jiàn ‘see’ does not tolerate open-scale APs. This is because, (a) syntactically, Chinese perception verb complements do not represent a result state as the AP-complement is encoded into the perception verb root; (b) semantically, jiàn ‘see’ not only represent an accomplishment predication but contributes to a potential indirect perception, describing the observer’s evaluation of the perceived event.kàn ‘look’ is open-scale and is likely to render a direct perception report. The degree of kàn’s associations with different APs runs from ‘Totally open-scale AP’, down to ‘Upper closed-scale AP’, ‘Lower closed-scale AP’, ‘Totally closed-scale AP’. Resultatives seem to welcome all layers of adjectives. Various APs may match with a transitive verb, an unergative verb, a light verb or an unaccusative verb. This is down to the fact that, resultative complements are framed outside the verb roots and thus, do not receive restriction from the verb.
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Rosliana, Lina. "Sufiks Pembentuk Verba Transitif Dan Intransitif Dalam Bahasa Jepang." KIRYOKU 3, no. 1 (2019): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i1.17-27.
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(Title: Suffix Formers of Transitive And Intransitive Verbs In Japanese Language) This research aims to explain the process of formation verbs from the suffix of transitive and intransitive verb formers and their meanings. The data in this research were taken from Asahi Shinbun website, More Zasshi, News Livedoor and various other Japanese websites. The method which used in this research is descriptive method, and for data analysis using agih method. The theory which used in this research are verb, derivation and verb-forming suffix theory. The results of the research show that (1) There are 5 types of verb-forming suffixes: suffix –garu,-maru, -meru, -mu, and –suru, (2) Suffix –garu can be attached to adjective-i, adjective-na and -tai forms that can produce transitive and intransitive verbs (3) Suffix -maru can be attached to adjective-i and produce the intransitive verb (4) Suffix -meru can be attached to adjective-i and produce the transitive verb (5) Suffix -mu can be attached to adjective-i which can produce transitive and intransitive verbs (6) Suffix -suru can be attached to nouns and adverbs that can produce transitive or intransitive verbs (7) Some of verb-forming suffix can changes the meaning of the original word and some just changes the application.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Verb adjective"
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Yuruten, Onur. "Formation Of Adjective, Noun And Verb Concepts Through Affordances." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614385/index.pdf.
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In this thesis, we study the development of linguistic concepts (corresponding to a subset of
nouns, verbs and adjectives) on a humanoid robot. To accomplish this goal, we use affordances,
a notion first proposed by J.J. Gibson to describe the action possibilities offered to
an agent by the environment. Using the affordances formalization framework of Sahin et al.,
we have implemented a learning system on a humanoid robot and obtained the required data
from the sensorimotor experiences of the robot. The system we developed (1) can learn verb,
adjective and noun concepts, (2) represent them in terms of strings of prototypes and dependencies
based on affordances, (3) can accurately recognize the concept of novel objects and
events, and (4) can be used for tasks such as goal emulation and multi step planning.
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Salinas, Claudine. "Les prédicats de sentiment dans Les Verbes français de Jean Dubois et Françoise Dubois-Charlier : analyse et prolongement." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2133.
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Le point de départ de cette thèse est la classe « P » (« verbes psychologiques ») du dictionnaire électronique Les Verbes français de J. Dubois et F. Dubois-Charlier, et porte plus précisément sur les verbes de sentiment. Les critères de cette classification n’étant pas toujours explicites, l’objectif est, dans un premier temps, d’en comprendre les paramètres syntactico sémantiques puis de l'affiner afin d'obtenir des classes plus petites, mais homogènes du point de vue du sentiment exprimé, et d’y intégrer les noms et / ou adjectifs morphologiquement apparentés aux verbes et partageant les mêmes propriétés syntactico-sémantique. Nos analyses, appuyées sur un corpus d’énoncés attestés, aboutissent à la caractérisation des prédicats de « nostalgie », de « regret »,de « dés)agrément » et d’« étonnement »<br>The starting point of this work is “P” class (“verbes psychologiques”) of Les Verbes françaisof J. Dubois and F. Dubois-Charlier's electronic dictionary. It deals, more precisely, with feeling verbs.Because of the classification's criterions which are not that explicit, our main target is to try tounderstand their syntactic and semantic parameters, then to refine it in order to make small classes,but sharing in common the feeling expressed. Nouns and / or adjectives, morphologically connectedto verbs, and sharing the same syntactic and semantic properties, will be integrated to them. Ouranalysis, based on a large attested Corpus, lead to predicates characterization of “nostalgia”, “regret”,“annoyance” and “astonishment”
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Martin, Fabienne. "Prédicats statifs, causatifs et résultatifs en discours. Sémantique des adjectifs évaluatifs et des verbes psychologiques." Phd thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00450803.
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Cette thèse analyse les propriétés sémantiques et discursives des prédicats d'état ('laid, généreux') ainsi que des prédicats causatifs et résultatifs, et plus particulièrement des verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet ('stimuler, encourager'). Le cadre adopté est celui de la sémantique néo-davidsonienne (Parsons, 1990) et de la sémantique du discours (Kamp & Reyle 1993, Asher 1993). La première partie (chap 1-7) est consacrée aux prédicats d'état, et la seconde aux prédicats causatifs et résultatifs (chap. 8-9). Dans le chapitre 1, on expose les arguments en faveur de l'idée que les verbes d'état ont un argument implicite davidsonien comme les verbes d'action. Abordant ensuite les constructions en 'by/in' ('by/in smoking, he broke his promise'), l'auteur propose de considérer, avec Goldman et contre Davidson, que celles-ci décrivent deux événements distincts, liés par une relation de génération. L'analyse goldmanienne de ces constructions est ensuite étendue aux prédicats d'état ('in doing this, he was clever'), ce qui permet de distinguer les prédicats qui dénotent un état dépendant d'une action, comme 'clever' en usage occurrentiel, des prédicats qui dénotent un état indépendant d'une action, comme beautiful (cf. '??in doing this, he was beautiful'). Le chapitre 2 fait le point sur les spécificités des prédicats d'état par rapport aux prédicats d'activité. Y est notamment montré que certains prédicats d'état acceptent le "progressif interprétatif" ('tu es en train de croire au Père Noël!'). Ce type de progressif est distingué du progressif standard et du progressif actif anglais ('he was being clever'); sont définis également les "prédicats interprétatifs" qui n'acceptent que ce progressif. Le chapitre 3 élabore une typologie aspectuelle des prédicats d'état. Sont d'abord distingués quatre types d'états en fonction de l'intervalle pendant lequel l'état en cause est vérifié. On montre que cette quadri-partition rend mieux compte des données linguistiques que la dichotomie classique en 'stage level predicates' et 'individual level predicates'. Ensuite sont définis les "prédicats d'état pur" comme beau, qui dénotent un état indépendant de toute action, et les "prédicats d'état endo-actionnel" comme 'généreux/bruyant' en usage occurrentiel, qui dénote un état généré par une action. On présente des arguments contre l'assimilation de ces derniers prédicats à des prédicats d'action. Est alors analysée l'ambiguïté des prédicats comme "généreux" dans l'emploi occurrentiel: 'Pierre m'a donné des bonbons. Il a été généreux' peut vouloir dire soit que Pierre a été généreux de (décider de) me donner des bonbons (lecture-d), soit qu'il a été généreux dans la manière de me les donner (lecture-m). Dans la foulée, on examine la relation temporelle qui prend place entre un état s et l'action e dont il dépend. Enfin, on montre que l'analyse proposée peut rendre compte de la concurrence entre passé composé et imparfait dans les phrases dénotant un état occurrentiel. A partir de la typologie aspectuelle élaborée au chapitre 3, le chapitre 4 revisite le problème que soulèvent certains prédicats d'état dans les constructions à prédicat second descriptif ('Pierre a donné des bonbons saoul/??généreux') et propose une nouvelle solution. On montre ensuite que cette solution peut être adaptée pour résoudre un problème moins étudié, à savoir celui que posent certains prédicats d'état dans les subordonnées temporelles en 'quand '(cf. 'Il était généreux, quand il a distribué les bonbons' versus '??Il a distribué des bonbons quand il était généreux'). Enfin, on fait le point sur la difficulté qu'éprouvent les prédicats évaluatifs à entrer dans les constructions présuppositionnelles, parmi lesquelles les subordonnées temporelles, mais les GN définis ('La femme rousse/??généreuse commanda une bière'). Le chapitre 5 est consacré aux relations rhétoriques qui s'établissent entre la description d'un état et la description d'un événement, aux combinaisons possibles entre ces relations rhétoriques, et à la manière dont tel ou tel prédicat d'état, vu ses propriétés sémantiques, contribue à établir telle ou telle relation rhétorique avec la description d'événement. Le chapitre 6 revient sur le problème que soulève l'indéfini des en lecture non générique avec certains prédicats d'état, notamment les prédicats évaluatifs ('Des livres étaient sales' versus '??Des livres étaient merveilleux'). En se fondant sur les outils de la 'Decision Theoretic Semantic's (Merin 1999), l'auteur fait l'hypothèse qu'un prédicat P n'accepte des que si la quantité des éléments satisfaisant P dans le contexte est non pertinente pour les fins du discours, et s'il est clair, par ailleurs, que les qualités implicites que peuvent instancier les dits éléments ne contribuent en aucune façon à expliquer qu'ils satisfont P. On montre que ces deux conditions sont respectées (resp. violées) avec les prédicats d'état compatibles (resp. incompatibles) avec des dans sa lecture non générique. Le chapitre 7 est consacré à la sémantique qu'il faut assigner aux prédicats d'état évaluatifs. On expose tout d'abord les arguments en faveur d'une sémantique "réaliste", qui analyse les prédicats évaluatifs comme des prédicats unaires dénotant de vraies propriétés. On distingue ensuite, dans le contenu informationnel des énoncés évaluatifs, un composant assertif et deux implicatures associées. On termine par l'analyse des prédicats évaluatifs superlatifs ('merveilleux'); est argumentée l'idée que ces prédicats ont un composant expressif, en ce sens que le locuteur, en les utilisant, implicite qu'une entité satisfaisant le prédicat a déclenché en lui une émotion, vécue ou rejouée lors de l'énonciation. On montre en quoi ce composant expressif contribue à expliquer pourquoi de tels prédicats sont difficilement utilisables à l'impératif ou dans certains types de questions. Le chapitre 8 répertorie trois classes parmi les verbes, dits "résultatifs", qui présupposent l'occurrence d'un événement e causant ou générant l'événement asserté e'. On présente d'abord le problème que pose la définition de cette présupposition, puis une nouvelle solution est exposée. On montre alors que la présupposition des verbes résultatifs -- achèvements droits et accomplissements strictement forts --- est de nature scalaire et peut s'expliquer par la Loi d'exhaustivité de Ducrot. Le chapitre 9 est consacré aux verbes psychologiques à Expérienceur objet (VPEO). Après avoir classé ces verbes en fonction de leur structure événementielle, on fait le point sur les différentes lectures qu'ils peuvent accepter. On montre ensuite qu'à la différence des VPEO acceptables dans les constructions agentives, les VPEO qui y sont peu acceptables exhibent deux propriétés cruciales. D'abord, ils présupposent toujours, à l'instar des verbes étudiés dans le chapitre 8, l'occurrence de l'événement impliquant le sujet; ensuite, certains d'entre eux sont "interprétatifs", en ce sens que l'assertion du changement d'état psychologique ne s'avère pertinente pour les fins du discours que si l'interprétant connaît, par ailleurs, l'événement qui cause ce changement. Cela permet d'expliquer pourquoi les verbes en question ne peuvent faire avancer la narration comme le ferait un prédicat d'action normal, et pourquoi ils sont peu compatibles avec les adverbes de manière orientés sur l'agent, les pseudo-clivées ou les compléments de lieu. On termine par l'analyse aspectuelle de la classe des VPEO, en montrant qu'on y trouve des membres des cinq classes aspectuelles distinguées dans le chapitre précédent.
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Мазна, Ю. О. "Статус повнозначних слів у споріднених мовах: лінгвістичний і перекладацький вектори". Master's thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/81243.
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У магістерській роботі аналізуються повнозначні слова споріднених англійської і української мови. Розглядаються самостійні частини мови, якими найчастіше виступають повнозначні слова, основні методи їх перекладу. Наведені приклади із серії книг Дж. К. Ролінґ «Гаррі Поттер». У методичній частині розглядається порівняльний підхід, для вивчення англійської мови. Метод орієнтований на знаходження схожих лексичних одиниць, запам'ятовування їх написання і вимову. Універсальність порівняльного підходу полягає у тому, що його можна використовувати не тільки на початковому, але і на наступних етапах вивчення мови. Це залежить від рівня знань іноземної мови, інтересів і здібностей учнів.<br>В магистерской работе анализируются знаменательные слова родственных английского и украинского языков. Рассматриваются самостоятельные части речи, которыми чаще всего выступают знаменательные слова, основные методы их перевода. Приведены примеры из серии книг Дж. К. Роулинг «Гарри Поттер». В методической части рассматривается сравнительный подход для изучения английского языка. Метод ориентирован на нахождение похожих лексических единиц, запоминание их написания и произношения. Универсальность сравнительного подхода заключается в том, что его можно использовать не только на начальном, но и на последующих этапах изучения языка. Это зависит от уровня знаний иностранного языка, интересов и способностей учащихся.<br>The master thesis analyzes the meaning-bearing words in related English and Ukrainian languages. The independent parts of speech and the main methods of their translation are considered. Examples are provided from J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter series of books. The methodological part deals to comparative approach in learning English. The method is focused on finding similar lexical units, memorizing them, writing and pronunciation. The versatility of the comparative approach lies in the fact that it can be used not only at the initial, but also at subsequent stages of language learning. It depends on the level of knowledge of a foreign language, interests and abilities of students.
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Lamberterie, Charles de. "Les adjectifs grecs du type de hedus." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040063.
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Les adjectifs grecs du type de hedus constituent en grec ancien une catégorie peu productive (moins de 40 unités), cohérente et constituée dès la préhistoire de la langue. Certains d'entre eux, comme barus "lourd" ou okus "rapide", appartiennent au plus vieux fonds du vocabulaire indo-européen. Aussi l'étude est-elle orientée en grande partie vers la grammaire comparée des langues indoeuropéennes, et nombre d'étymologies nouvelles sont proposées (ainsi pour ligus "sonore", bradus "lent" ou takhus "rapide"). On se propose de montrer que le suffixe d'adjectif -u- avait en indoeuropéen une double fonction, que le grec a conservée fidèlement: (1) fonction syntaxique: formation d'adjectifs sur thèmes verbaux de valeur stative, et notamment sur thèmes de parfait, ce fait étant en relation avec le lien morphologique qui unit le suffixe -u- d'adjectif au participe parfait i. E. En -we os-. Contrairement à une idée largement répandue, les adjectifs en -u- ne sont pas, au moins dans leur principe, des dérivés primaires, mais des formations secondaires. (2) fonction sémantique: formation d'adjectifs dans un champ déterminé du lexique, celui des dimensions et des qualités physiques. De là découle la propriété qu'ont ces adjectifs de s'associer par couples antonymiques, ainsi oksus barus "aigu grave", takhus bradus "rapide lent", et bien d'autres du même type. Ce principe de fonctionnement se retrouve dans d'autres langues indoeuropéennes, à preuve en hittite assus idalus "bon mauvais", en sanskrit uru- amhu- "large étroit" ou guru- laghu- "lourd léger" (cf. En latin gravis levis), et bien d'autres exemples. Il apparait, en fin de compte, qu'une partie notable du vocabulaire fondamental de l'indoeuropéen était fortement structurée sur le plan du signifiant<br>In ancient greek, this well-structured adjectival class (i. E. Of the hedustype) is practically non-productive (less than 40 items); it was already formed in proto-greek. Some of these adjectives (barus 'heavy', okus 'swift', etc. ) Are known to belong to the oldest stratum of indo-european lexicon. This is why the author is mostly concerned with ie comparative grammar, and he puts forward a number of original etymologies (ligus 'shrill', bradus 'slow', for instance). Both in ie and greek the adjectival u-suffix fulfilled both a syntactic and a semantic role: (1) syntactic role: it was used to derive adjectives from stative verbal stems, notably perfect stems (see relationship between -u- in such adjectives and -we os- in perfect participles). It is argued here that originally u-adjectives were not primary, but secundary derivatives, even though many scholars hold the opposite view. (2) semantic role: -u- was used to form adjectives belonging to a specific semantic field, that of such qualities in the physical world as can be perceived by human senses. Terms of this kind, generally, exhibit polarity; hence many antonyms, pairs such as oksus barus 'sharp low', takhus bradus 'fast slow', and so on. Such pairs of antonymic-u-adjectives are found in many sister-languages too: in hittite, assus idalus 'good bad", in sanskrit uru- amhu- 'wide narrow' or gurulaghu'heavy light' (see latin gravis levis), for instance
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You, Eun Soon. "Le Traitement des unités lexicales polysémiques (l'adjectif et le verbe) : vers un système de traduction automatique." Besançon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BESA1014.
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Notre thèse se donne comme objectif le traitement de l’adjectif polysémique applicable au domaine du traitement automatique des langues(TAL) et plus particulièrement à la traduction automatique (TA) (français-coréen). La variabilité du sens des lexiques boursiers génère plusieurs interprétations sémantiques différentes et donc plusieurs traductions. Pour résoudre ce genre de problèmes dans le cadre du TAL, nous proposons un modèle de désambiguïsation en mettant en œuvre des informations co-textuelles et plus particulièrement le nom. Ce dernier constitue un syntagme nominal en se combinant avec un adjectif et permet de lever l’ambiguïté sémantique de l’adjectif et déterminer son sens adéquat. Les indices co-textuels sur lesquels nous nous appuyons sont les suivants : l’ordre syntaxique de l’adjectif, la propriété du nom et la classe sémantique à laquelle le nom appartient. Notre travail consiste à attribuer à chacun des adjectifs polysémiques sélectionnés les informations co-textuelles ci-dessus pour que la machine puisse trouver leur sens correct. La méthodologie proposée est généralisable à d’autres parties du discours, nous l’avons nous-même appliquée au verbe et à son co-texte, le nom<br>Our thesis has for objective the processing of the polysemic adjective applicable to the domain of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and particularly to automatic translation (French-Korean). The various meaning of the lexicon used in the stock market generates several different semantic interpretations and therefore several translations. To resolve this problem in NLP, we propose a disambiguisation model making use of co-textual information and more particularly the noun. The latter forms a noun clause with the adjective thus allowing one to remove the semantic ambiguity of the adjective and determine its correct meaning. The co-textual hints that we have used are the following: the syntactic order of the adjective, the property of the noun and the semantic class to which the noun belongs. Our work consists in attributing to each polysemic adjective selected the co-textual information mentioned above so that the machine can find its correct meaning. The methodology can be generalized to other parts of speech, we have already applied it to the verb and its co-text, the noun
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Thomas, Izabella. "Vers un modèle d'interprétation du groupe Adjectif Nom/Nom Adjectif en vue de la traduction automatique : application du français vers le polonais." Besançon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BESA1034.
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Cette thèse se donne comme objectif le traitement de la sémantique des adjectifs en vue de créer un système de traduction automatique. Elle propose un modèle d'interprétation et de désambigui͏̈sation de la sémantique des adjectifs dans la langue source (le Français), qui permet de trouver l'équivalent de l'adjectif dans la langue cible (le Polonais) sur la base d'une représentation intermédiaire relationnelle, indépendante de la langue. La recherche entreprise répond à trois objectifs généraux : (1) comprendre comment se construit la compatibilité sémantique à l'intérieur d'un syntagme nominal (à l'aide de notions de propriété, polysémie, multi-facialité, relation indirecte ; (2) trouver des règles générales de prédiction du sens d'un adjectif dans un groupe nominal (règles de base et règles de corrélation) ; (3) finalement, modéliser les résultats obtenus afin de construire un système formel (sous la forme d'un algorithme modulaire divisé en configuration et cas).
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Fisher, Ryan. "The infinitive and the -ing as Complements of Verbs and Adjectives of Fear." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24170/24170.pdf.
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Amoia, Marilisa. "Reconnaissance d'implications textuelles à forte composante linguistique." Phd thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00338608.
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Dans cette thèse, j'étudie la manière dont les ressources lexicales basées sur l'organisation de la connaissance lexicale dans des classes qui partagent des propriétés communes (syntactiques, sémantiques, etc.) permettent le traitement automatique de la langue naturelle et en particulier la reconnaissance symbolique d'implications textuelles. Tout d'abord, je présente une approche robuste et à large couverture sur la reconnaissance de paraphrases verbales lexico-structurelle basée sur la classification de verbes anglais par Levin. Puis, je montre qu'en étendant le cadre proposé par Levin pour traiter les modèles d'inférence généraux, on obtient une classification d'adjectifs anglais qui, comparée à des approches antérieures, propose une caractérisation sémantique à grain plus fin de leurs propriétés déductives. De plus, je développe un cadre sémantique compositionnel pour assigner à des adjectifs une représentation sémantique sur la base d'une approche ontologiquement variée (Hobbs85) et qui permet ainsi l'inférence de premier ordre pour tous les types d'adjectifs, y compris les adjectifs extensionnels. Enfin, je présente un corpus de test pour l'inférence basée sur les adjectifs que j'ai développée comme ressource pour l'évaluation de systèmes de traitement automatique de l'inférence de la langue naturelle.
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Vilčinskienė, Regina. "Kamieną lietuv- turintys dariniai." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110804_085328-27089.
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Vietovardis Lietuva rašytiniuose šaltiniuose minimas nuo 1009-ųjų metų. Iš Lietuvių kalbos žodyno (LKŽe) buvo išrinkti 58 dariniai turintys kamieną lietuv- ir suklasifikuoti kategorinėmis klasėmis (kalbos dalimis). Juos sudaro 31 daiktavardis, 11 būdvardžių ir 16 veiksmažodžių. Iš daiktavardžio Lietuva išvesti 5 dariniai. Pastebėta, kad vienintelį darinį lietuvis išvestą iš daiktavardžio Lietuva supa didžiausias semantinis ir darybinis giminiškų žodžių laukas. Jį sudaro 22 dariniai (15 vedinių ir 7 dūriniai): 18 daiktavardžių, 1 būdvardis ir 3 veiksmažodžiai. Tolesnės darybos rezultatas yra dar 31 darinys: 10 daiktavardžių, 9 būdvardžiai ir 12 veiksmažodžių. Iš vietovardžio Lietuva sudaryti dariniai kartais laikytini darybiniais sinonimais arba darybiniais variantais: sudarytos 4 DS ir 3 DV eilės. Sudarytos 4 leksinių sinonimų eilės. LKŽe neužfiksuoti deminutyvai, išskyrus daiktavardį lietuvaitis, -ė.<br>The name of Lithuania in hand-written sources is mentioned since 1009. From Lithuanian dictionary (LKŽe) it has been selected 58 word-formations having a root “lietuv-“ and divided in classes on categories (in parts of speeches). It includes 31 noun, 11 adjectives and 16 verbs. From a noun Lietuva are formed 5 word-formations. It is established that unique word-formation “lietuvis“ formed from noun Lietuva surrounds a huge field of related words. It is made by 22 word-formations (15 – derivatives and 7 compounds): 18 nouns, 1 adjective and 3 verbs. The result of further formation is 31 word-formation: 10 nouns, 9 adjectives and 12 verbs. Word-formations formed from a word “Lietuva“ sometimes are considered as the formed synonyms or formed cases: are created 4 DS and 3 DV turns. It was created 4 turns of lexical synonyms. There are no more diminutives in the Lithuanian dictionary (LKŽe) except the noun lietuvaitis, -ė.
Books on the topic "Verb adjective"
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Gleby, Arne. English deverbal adjectives: Their identification and use in a corpus of modern written English. Dept. of English, Göteborg University, 2002.
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Ludykova, V. M. Adʺektivnoe opredelenie v aggliutinativnykh i︠a︡zykakh: Na materiale komi i︠a︡zyka : monografii︠a︡. GOY VPO "Syktyvkarskiĭ gos. universitet", 2008.
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Kimura, Hajime, and Yoshiyuki Kimura. Dōshi, keiyōshi, keiyō dōshi. Meiji Shoin, 2015.
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Izumi, Fumiaki. Kankokugo dōshi to keiyōshi no tsukaikata jiten. Kabushiki Kaisha Sanseidō, 2008.
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Degti︠a︡reva, M. V. Chasterechnyĭ status predikativa. Moskovskiĭ gos. oblastnoĭ universitet, 2007.
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Navas-Ruiz, Ricardo. Ser y estar: La voz pasiva. 2nd ed. Publicaciones del Colegio de España, 1989.
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Bulman, Françoise. Le prépositionnaire: Dictionnaire des verbes et adjectifs pouvant être suivis d'une préposition. ViaMedias, 2004.
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Andrade, Jose ́Loṕez. Walt Disney's verbos: Palabras que describen acciones. Hachette Latinoamérica, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Verb adjective"
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Teng, Wen-Hua. "Infinitive (to + verb) and "adjective + noun" as adjectives." In The Accurate Use of Chinese. Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003024347-5.
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Peek, Philip S. "Module 31". У Αncient Greek II. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0441.01.
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Module 31 teaches the stems and endings for the perfect and pluperfect of ω-verbs and ἵστημι. It introduces the perfect active participle as an adjective. It reviews agency with a preposition and without, as a dative of agent. In Ancient Greek students read a selection from Herodotos’ account of Dareios’ attempt to conquer Babylonia and one from Euripides’ Alkestis. Students practice parsing and learn new vocabulary. James Patterson’s Reading Morphologically covers noun formation and students learn how to complete a verb synopsis.
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Miller, J. Hillis. "Glossing the Gloss of "Envois" in The Post Card." In Going Postcard. punctum books, 2017. https://doi.org/10.21983/p3.0171.1.02.
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The Post Card invites glossing of all sorts. It is an immensely complex and rich text, one of Derrida’s most fascinating and challenging. La carte postale is full of specific historical and personal references that will puzzle many readers. Many formu-lations and allusions are enigmatic or counter-intuitive. They need explanatory glossing. Derrida uses just about every rhe-torical device and figure of speech in the book. You name it, it is there (il y a là): puns (calembours), metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, catachresis, apostrophe, prosopopoeia, hyperbole, prolepsis, analepsis, ellipsis, paradox, aporia, and of course a constant pervasive destabilizing irony. How can you tell when this joker is telling the truth or speaking straight, if ever? “Envois,” moreover, is full of complex wordplay that is not exactly “figurative” in the usual sense. This wordplay is often not easily translatable from French to English. One tiny example: In the last entry for February 1979, Derrida writes: “La séance continue, tu analyse ça comment? Je parle grammaire, comme toujours, c’est un verbe ou un adjectif ?” (“La séance continue, how do you analyze that? I’m talking grammar, as always, is it a verb or an adjective?” [PC, 178/193]) Derrida here plays on an untranslatable ambiguity on whether “continue” in the French is verb or an adjective. In the first case, the locution would mean: “The session continues.” In the second, “The continued session.” It makes a lot of difference which way you read it, as a duck or as a rabbit, as in the famous Gestaltist diagram that oscillates un-predictably before the viewer’s eyes between those two animals. The reader (you! [singular]) will note the second person singu-lar pronoun in “tu analyse ça comment?” This is an example of the endless play on the difference between “tu” and “vous” that pervades the “Envois.”
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Leone, Ljubica. "Verb-Adjective Combinations in Late Modern English: Syntactic Reanalysis and Analogical Generalisation." In Internal and External Causes of Language Change. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30976-2_6.
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Peek, Philip S. "Module 34". У Αncient Greek II. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0441.04.
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Module 34 teaches more stems and endings for forming participles. Students learn the substantive participle and how it functions similarly to the substantive adjective. Students read background information about Hekabe (Ἑκάβη). In Ancient Greek students read a selection from Euripides’ Hekabe and one from Xenophon’s Anabasis (Ἀνάβασις). Students practice parsing and learn new vocabulary. James Patterson’s Reading Morphologically continues covering noun formation and students complete another verb synopsis.
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Peek, Philip S. "Module 37". У Αncient Greek II. Open Book Publishers, 2025. https://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0441.07.
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Module 37 teaches the endings for the subjunctive mood and how to translate the subjunctive mood into English. Students read about Oidipous (Οἰδίπους). In Ancient Greek students read selections from Sophokles’ Oidipous Tyrannos (Οἰδίπους Τύραννος), Euripides’ Alkestis (Ἄλκηστις), Euripides’ Medeia (Μήδεια) and one from Longos’ Daphnis and Khloe (Δάφνις καὶ Χλόη). Students practice parsing and learn new vocabulary. James Patterson’s Reading Morphologically covers adjective formation and students complete another verb synopsis.
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Ross, Claudia, Jing-Heng Sheng Ma, Pei-Chia Chen, Baozhang He, and Meng Yeh. "Adjectives and adjectival verbs." In Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003335078-11.
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Ross, Claudia, Jing-Heng Sheng Ma, Baozhang He, Pei-Chia Chen, and Meng Yeh. "Adjectives and adjectival verbs." In Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar Workbook, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003334521-11.
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Smyth, David. "Adjectives (stative verbs) and adjectival constructions." In Thai, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003585848-7.
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Notonegoro, Raya Jayawati Ratnawilis Amanah, and Totok Suhardijanto. "Collocation of Preposition Terhadap in Indonesian Language: A Corpus-Based Analysis." In Engaging Indonesia. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2336-2_8.
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AbstractAs preposition, terhadap is polysemous since it has different meanings according to its context. The authors suspect that the context which causes that is collocation or the frequent co-occurrence of words on either side of terhadap. The research question of this research is how collocation affects the meaning of terhadap in a sentence. This research aims to explain what causes terhadap to be polysemous. The method used in this research is a mixed method. This research is corpus-based and uses 6.578 tokens from Korpus Universitas Indonesia. The analysis is carried out by examining the collocate of terhadap and pointing the characteristics of terhadap in a sentence. As a result, (1) preposition terhadap is polysemous because it is flanked by a different combination of collocates. (2) preposition terhadap has three different meanings in a sentence, ‘pada’ (T1), ‘kepada’ (T2), and ‘untuk’ (T3). (3) T1 is flanked by an abstract noun, adjective, and verb (left), and an abstract noun and non-living concrete noun (right). (4) T2 is flanked by an abstract noun (left) and persona noun (right). (5) Lastly, T3 is flanked by abstract nouns on its left and right. This research will not only benefit linguistic community but also the field of language teaching.
Conference papers on the topic "Verb adjective"
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Fujita, Atsushi, Naruaki Masuno, Satoshi Sato, and Takehito Utsuro. "Adjective-to-verb paraphrasing in Japanese based on lexical constraints of verbs." In the Fourth International Natural Language Generation Conference. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1706269.1706279.
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PETROVA, N. E. "SEMANTICS OF IMPOSSIBILITY IN THE ASPECT OF CATEGORIES OF INTENSIFICATION AND EVALUATION." In СЛОВО, ВЫСКАЗЫВАНИЕ, ТЕКСТ В КОГНИТИВНОМ, ПРАГМАТИЧЕСКОМ И КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ АСПЕКТАХ. Chelyabinsk State University Publishing House, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/9785727119631_211.
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Using the example of the adjectives inexpressible and incomprehensible, the article examines the connection between the modal semantics of impossibility and the functions of the intensifier and evaluative word. The modality of the impossibility of important human cognitive actions determines the connection of the inexpressible and incomprehensible characteristics with the concept of the norm. What cannot be expressed or comprehended is interpreted as a deviation from the norm, therefore, in combination with nouns denoting a gradable attribute, these adjectives act as intensifiers. Both intensifying adjectives are combined with nominations of both positively and negatively assessed features, phenomena, and states. Among the nouns to which the adjective inexpressible gravitates, there are more those that denote temporary signs and states that, as a rule, have external manifestations. The adjective incomprehensible tends to be combined with nominations of such qualities that may have a timeless, hidden character. It also has the function of intensifying quantitative, including dimensional, characteristics. The semantics of impossibility has no direct connection with the category of evaluation, but the context can “guide” the evaluative meaning to the adjectives in question. It is shown that the function of evaluative nomination is more characteristic of the adjective incomprehensible, which is explained by the influence of the motivating verb: the inability to comprehend the logic of something causes surprise, associated with positive or negative emotions. The evaluative semantics of both adjectives is ambivalent in nature and is determined by their contextual connections and the general meaning of the sentence.
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Artamonova, Natalya Vasilievna. "DEFINITION OF GRAMMATICAL STATUS PARTICIPATIONS IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE." In IX Международная научно-практическая конференция "Инновационные аспекты развития науки и техники". KDU, Moscow, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31453/kdu.ru.978-5-7913-1190-0-2021-186-192.
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Communion as part of speech occupies a special place in the structure of the Russian language, since it represents a problematic aspect of grammar. Already when determining the grammatical status of participle, the first difficulties appear, which is associated with hybrid features of participle, since it combines the features of two independent parts of speech - the adjective and the verb. The works of linguists describe different approaches to determining the status of communion. At present, it is possible to state the existence in Russian grammar of several points of view on the definition of the nature of communion.
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Martin, Philippe. "Automatic detection of accent phrases in French." In 11th International Conference of Experimental Linguistics. ExLing Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36505/exling-2020/11/0030/000445.
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In lexically-stressed languages such as English or Greek, accent phrases usually include one lexical word (noun, verb, adverb or adjective), together with some syntactically bound grammatical words (conjunction, pronoun or preposition). In non-lexically languages such as French or Korean, accent phrases are delimited by a final syllabic stress and may contain more than one lexical word, depending on the speech rate and limited to a 250 ms to 1250-1350 ms duration range. As perception of syllabic stress is strongly influenced by the listeners current own speech rate making perception agreement between annotators elusive, an interactive software program has been implemented imbedding constrains external to acoustic data to better investigate the actual distribution of stressed syllables in oral recordings of French.
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Jelčić Čolakovac, Jasmina. "Metaphorical collocations through the prism of language teaching: Why and how they should be included in ESP vocabulary instruction?" In 10th International e-Conference on Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences. Center for Open Access in Science, Belgrade - Serbia, 2024. https://doi.org/10.32591/coas.e-conf.10.01001j.
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Figurative language is part of our everyday interactions to a much larger degree than we are probably aware. Metaphorical collocations (MCs) are a specific subset of figurative expressions and as such are currently deemed a necessary part of any language teaching curricula. In MCs, the base, which is usually a noun, retains its literal meaning whereas the collocator (e.g., an adjective or a verb) is used figuratively (Stojić & Košuta 2021). In this paper, the presence of English (L2) metaphorical collocations in a specific set of maritime newspaper articles is explored from the perspective of L2 corpus frequency and the existence of L1 equivalent expressions. Finally, teaching methods are proposed on how to include MCs in ESP vocabulary instruction in a learner-friendly manner that should yield better retention than the traditional approach to vocabulary instruction.
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Rajestari, Maryam, Simon Dobnik, Robin Cooper, and Aram Karimi. "Very Necessary: The Meaning of Non-gradable Modal Adjectives in Discourse Contexts." In Eighth Swedish Language Technology Conference (SLTC-2020), 25-27 November 2020. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp184174.
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In this paper we provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of meaning of allegedly non-gradable modal adjectives in different discourse contexts. The adjectives studied are essential, necessary, crucial and vital which are compared with a gradable modal adjective important. In our study sentences containing these adjectives were chosen from a large corpus together with their contexts. Then 120 English native speakers evaluated the meaning of these adjectives in a crowd-sourced study. Different types of contexts were chosen for this purpose. In some the adjectives were used as gradable with a modifier very while in others as non-gradable, without a modifier. We also modified the contexts by adding or removing the modifier very. The task for evaluators was to provide a replacement for adjectives for all the resulting contexts. From the replacements we are able to quantitatively evaluate the semantic potential of these contexts and what kind of adjectives they license.
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Vong, Meng. "Southeast Asia: Linguistic Perspectives." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.10-2.
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Southeast Asia (SEA) is not only rich in multicultural areas but also rich in multilingual nations with the population of more than 624 million and more than 1,253 languages (Ethnologue 2015). With the cultural uniqueness of each country, this region also accords each national languages with language planning and political management. This strategy brings a challenges to SEA and can lead to conflicts among other ethnic groups, largely owing to leadership. The ethnic conflicts of SEA bring controversy between governments and minorities, such as the ethnic conflict in Aceh, Indonesia, the Muslim population of the south Thailand, and the Bangsa Moro of Mindanao, of the Philippines. The objective of this paper is to investigate the characteristics of the linguistic perspectives of SEA. This research examines two main problems. First, this paper investigates the linguistic area which refers to a geographical area in which genetically unrelated languages have come to share many linguistic features as a result of long mutual influence. The SEA has been called a linguistic area because languages share many features in common such as lexical tone, classifiers, serial verbs, verb-final items, prepositions, and noun-adjective order. SEA consists of five language families such as Austronesian, Mon-Khmer, Sino-Tibetan, Tai-Kadai, and Hmong-Mien. Second, this paper also examines why each nation of SEA takes one language to become the national language of the nation. The National language plays an important role in the educational system because some nations take the same languages as a national language—the Malay language in the case of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore. The research method of this paper is to apply comparative method to find out the linguistic features of the languages of SEA in terms of phonology, morphology, and grammar.
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Bońkowski, Robert. "VERBAL AND ADJECTIVAL DERIVATIVES OF THE LEXEME DETE (DZIECKO) IN SERBIAN AND POLISH." In The International Scientific Conference "Children, culture, education". University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Education in Užice, Serbia, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/dko24.13rb.
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The paper discusses verbs and adjectives derived from the Serbian noun "dete" (deca) and the Polish noun "dziecko" (dziecię) in both indirect and direct ways. The linguistic data is taken from the Serbian dictionary Rečnik srpskog jezika and the Polish dictionary Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego PAN (WSJP), Ńwhich provide standard language and normatively accepted vocabulary. The analysis of the verbal and adjectival derivatives formed either indirectly or directly from the Serbian noun child (children) and the Polish noun dziecko (dziecię, respectively dziecina) leads to the conclusion that this set of words is very limited (especially considering the lexical data provided by the most important normative dictionaries of contemporary Serbian and Polish).
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Mikadze, Manana, and Lela Edjgveradze. "Color gamut in the phraseology of Otia Ioseliani’s novels." In Universitas Europaea: Towards a Knowledge Based Society Through Europeanisation and Globalisation. Free International University of Moldova, 2025. https://doi.org/10.54481/uekbs2024.v2.17.
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Otia Ioseliani is worldknown georgian writer of the XXth century. Otia Ioseliani’s prose is very interesting, attractive, easy to read and full of great life expreriances. The writer has used language tools with stylistic purpose so gracefully that each line attracts, captures and subdues the reader. Special attention is drawn to the vocabulary denoting colors as one of the important stylistic tools. The words denoting colors used by writer give a unique emotional tone and shade to the sentences. The expressive power of the words denoting colors in the novels by Ioseliani is great. In the prases including color writer uses more adjectives. The expressive power of these adjectiveas is greater than the quantity (we find 66 lexical units). It is known that the artistic word has the ability to expand the emotional impact. It appears more “larger” than as a fact. The writer mostly uses adjectivs denoting basic colors, such as: white, red, blue, green, brown, yellow, black, pink. The writer successfully uses the color signifiers, the vocabulary created from them in phraseological units, when conveying the change of feelings of the characters. In the novels of Otia Ioseliani, an outsdtanding master os artistic words, every linguistic nuance, including the vocabulary of colors, has a certain emotional value and aesthetic function. The concept of positive and negative is conveyed through the epithet of color, which gave the writer a wide opportunity to more deeply, clearly and accurately outline the types of pitha in effect.
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Zamfira, Andrei. "THE FEASIBILITY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EMULATING HUMAN BEHAVIOR: AN ANALYSIS." In eLSE 2020. University Publishing House, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-20-085.
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The main purpose of this paper is to conduct a study and make analysis regarding the techniques, technologies and systems that have been evolved in the recent decades as branches of the broadest domain, which is Artificial Intelligence (AI) having as main objective to emulate the similar processes found in nature at living beings, especially those human cognitive. We will survey techniques such as pattern matching, learning and evolving from stimulus that make computer programs behave like humans. We'll state what the Turing test is and who was the first computer program to pass it, ELIZA, that relied mainly on pattern matching. This is only the beginning of our research in the domain previously stated, and we will focus here on natural language processing, the grammatical constraints that determine how natural language is generated and understood. The desire to explain language comes from ancient world, but not even today, after centuries of thought, a complete understanding of language seems to be a long way off. We'll see that engaging a computer program into a dialog is a very complex process that requires multiple types of knowledge from the following categories: phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, (compositional) semantics, pragmatics and politeness (discourse). The grammatical constraints that determine the understanding and generation of natural language phrases are expressed using a technique called X-bar Schema, which breaks a phrase into groups based on their word types (noun, verb, adjective, preposition, pronoun etc.) and represents them as a tree structure composed of maximal projection nodes and intermediate nodes. We will show what are the rules of this type of representation in order for the phrase to remain correct and give concrete examples of trees representations. We proposed to connect our examples with intelligent agents from famous Hollywood movies, such as HAL from 2001: A Space Odyssey, Joi from Blade Runner 2049, Ava from Ex Machina, and many more, all these with the goal to emphasize what does it mean for an intelligent computer program to imitate human behavior that we do daily without being aware of the complexity of processes it involves.
Reports on the topic "Verb adjective"
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Kuzmina, Aleksandra, Amalia Kuregyan, and Ekaterina Pertsevaya. PSUDOINTERNATIONAL WORDS IN THE TRANSLATION OF ECONOMIC TEXTS CARRIED OUT BY THE STUDENTS OF NON-LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITIES. Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/ttxnbz.
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The article deals with the problems of translating pseudo-international words in economic texts. Incorrect interpretations of pseudo-international words in written texts and oral translations are investigated. It is noted that errors in the written version appear mainly due to the use of the most common full-text translation services, where the word spelling is a priority. For oral translation, the first variant of incorrect interpretation is more typical, when the word is pronounced similarly to Russian, but is not its analogue. The paper presents the classification of pseudo-international words according to the parts of speech: noun, adjective, verb and adverb, and also provides typical mistakes that students make when translating this vocabulary. The authors of the article also present tasks that are the most effective way to overcome misinterpretations of words related to pseudo-internationalisms.
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Thomas, Strobel. A contrastive approach to grammatical doubts in some contemporary Germanic languages (German, Dutch, Swedish). Goethe-Universität Frankfurt a.M., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.72278.
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Unquestionably (or: undoubtedly), every competent speaker has already come to doubt with respect to the question of which form is correct or appropriate and should be used (in the standard language) when faced with two or more almost identical competing variants of words, word forms or sentence and phrase structure (e.g. German "Pizzas/Pizzen/Pizze" 'pizzas', Dutch "de drie mooiste/mooiste drie stranden" 'the three most beautiful/most beautiful three beaches', Swedish "större än jag/mig" 'taller than I/me'). Such linguistic uncertainties or "cases of doubt" (cf. i.a. Klein 2003, 2009, 2018; Müller & Szczepaniak 2017; Schmitt, Szczepaniak & Vieregge 2019; Stark 2019 as well as the useful collections of data of Duden vol. 9, Taaladvies.net, Språkriktighetsboken etc.) systematically occur also in native speakers and they do not necessarily coincide with the difficulties of second language learners. In present-day German, most grammatical uncertainties occur in the domains of inflection (nominal plural formation, genitive singular allomorphy of strong masc./neut. nouns, inflectional variation of weak masc. nouns, strong/weak adjectival inflection and comparison forms, strong/weak verb forms, perfect auxiliary selection) and word-formation (linking elements in compounds, separability of complex verbs). As for syntax, there are often doubts in connection with case choice (pseudo-partitive constructions, prepositional case government) and agreement (especially due to coordination or appositional structures). This contribution aims to present a contrastive approach to morphological and syntactic uncertainties in contemporary Germanic languages (mostly German, Dutch, and Swedish) in order to obtain a broader and more fine-grained typology of grammatical instabilities and their causes. As will be discussed, most doubts of competent speakers - a problem also for general linguistic theory - can be attributed to processes of language change in progress, to language or variety contact, to gaps and rule conflicts in the grammar of every language or to psycholinguistic conditions of language processing. Our main concerns will be the issues of which (kinds of) common or different critical areas there are within Germanic (and, on the other hand, in which areas there are no doubts), which of the established (cross-linguistically valid) explanatory approaches apply to which phenomena and, ultimately, the question whether the new data reveals further lines of explanation for the empirically observable (standard) variation.