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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Verb phrase'
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Wong, Kwong-cheong, and 黃廣昌. "Serial verb constructions in Cantonese and Dagaare: a head-driven phrase structure grammar analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36934057.
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Stewart, Osamuyimen Thompson. "The serial verb construction parameter." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0021/NQ44600.pdf.
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Stutzman, Verna. "A study of the Lou verb phrase." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq24285.pdf.
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No, Yongkyoon. "Case Alternations on Verb-Phrase International Arguments." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1392646096.
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No, Yongkyoon. "Case alternations on verb-phrase internal arguments /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487759055157541.
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Marten, Lutz. "Syntactic and semantic underspecification in the verb phrase." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313787.
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Lam, Shi-ching Olivia, and 林思騁. "Aspects of the Cantonese verb phrase: order and rank." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29966814.
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Fung, So-hing Sandra, and 馮素卿. "The emergence of serial verb constructions in child Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47869975.
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This study examines the emergence and development of the Cantonese serial verb
construction (SVC) in children from 1;03 to 4;06 by investigating the naturalistic data
from two longitudinal corpora. This study presents a descriptive account of the
emergence and development of SVCs in early child Cantonese, seeks to explain the
developmental facts from a constructionist usage-based perspective, and compares the
development of SVCs in Cantonese-English bilinguals with that in Cantonese
monolinguals.
It is found that children start to produce SVCs spontaneously at an early age of 1;10
and that the overall frequency of occurrence is low during the developmental period
studied. The early emergence of SVCs is attributed to children’s preference for iconic
structures.
Four surface forms are identified and shown to emerge with a consistent order:
two-verb contiguous (1;10-11) < two-verb non-contiguous (2;00-01) < multi-verb
contiguous (2;02) < multi-verb non-contiguous (2;03-06). Structural and conceptual
complexities are suggested to be the possible factors that influence the order. The
earlier emergence of contiguous forms than non-contiguous forms is explained by the
hypothesis that cross-linguistically unmarked structures tend to be acquired earlier
than the marked ones (O’Grady 2000). Such a generalization is compatible with
constructionist approaches in suggesting cross-linguistic cognitive functional
preferences for language processing.
Children tend to use certain component verbs that express eight main semantic
notions. The study interprets children’s SVCs as concrete instantiations of eight
sub-constructions, which are subsumed by a more abstract high level SVC schema. It
is observed that sub-constructions develop asynchronously, as the developmental
paths of the four more frequently used SVCs (directional, dative, purpose and
resultative SVCs) are more advanced than the four less often produced SVCs
(instrumental, benefactive, comitative and locative SVCs). Developmental paths of
the former are shown to be consistent with Tomasello’s (2003) usage-based account of
language development: from concrete expressions, to pivot schemas, then to
item-based constructions. However, this study does not have enough data to suggest
the emergence of an abstract schema for the high level SVC.
It is found that children imitate adults’ previous SVCs and repeat their own
spontaneous productions frequently. These highlight the roles of the ambient language
and linguistic use to children’s language development.
The overall error rates of SVCs are found to be low. The reasons proposed for error
production, that are, adult input, generalization from item-based constructions and
complexity of target constructions, are considered as evidence to support the
constructionist usage-based approach.
This study shows that Cantonese-dominant bilinguals resemble Cantonese
monolinguals in developing SVCs. Language dominance is invoked to account for the
developmental similarities observed. Only a few code-mixed instances are recorded,
suggesting limited English influence on Cantonese SVCs. It is argued that SVCs are
not a vulnerable domain as they emerge early, and are produced with low error rates,
and are not susceptible to English influence.
By delineating the patterns of emergence and development of SVCs in child
Cantonese and explaining the findings with the constructionist usage-based
framework, it is hoped that this study would contribute to our understanding of child
language development.published_or_final_version
Linguistics
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Pan, Yanhong, and 潘艳红. "On the verb phrase in Qinzhou Zhuang: an LFG analysis of serial verb constructions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43703975.
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Pan, Yanhong. "On the verb phrase in Qinzhou Zhuang an LFG analysis of serial verb constructions /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43703975.
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Chau, Ching-yi, and 周靜儀. "A study on serial verb constructions in the modern Chinese language." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43959830.
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Maseko, Julia Refilwe. "Copulative verbs in Northern Sotho :a morphosemantic study." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2050.
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Thesis (M. A. (African Languages) --University of Limpopo,2005The study aimsat finding out thecategorical status of copulatives in Northern Sotho. This will be achieved by examining the morphosemantic features of various copulatives. From a morphological perspective, thestudy focuses on the following types ofcopulative verbs: ke, se, ba, le, na, and COP. The study argues that the foresaid copulatives are not particles but are fully-fledged verbs. As far as the semantic nature of the copulatives is concerned, the study discovered a variety of meanings associated with copulatives, such as the following: the identifying, descriptive,locational and associative. Lastly, the study contends that any research on the copulative in Northern Sotho should be a morphosemantic one, as previous studies focused on one and neglected the other.
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Benmakrouha, F. "Exploiting semantic parallels between the noun phrase and the verb phrase : a study in pedagogical grammar." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.641523.
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This study in pedagogical description is motivated by a dissatisfaction with the traditional 'structural' method of teaching English grammar to prospective English teachers at Universities in Algeria. Within the broader context of advocating a more communicative (i.e. meaning and discourse-oriented) approach to grammar teaching, I explore the hypothesis that an internalization of grammar which relates to the learners' communicative needs could be facilitated if the teacher adopts a semantic analysis of certain difficult features common to the grammar of the noun phrase and the verb phrase which would interrelate form, meaning and context of use. The adoption of such an analysis would provide the learner with an integrative approach where grammar would act as a bridge between concepts and actual use. Part I of this study examines the notions of deixis, definite reference, specificity/genericity, boundedness and enumeration which are grammaticalized in both the noun phrase and the verb phrase. Part II examines first the actual teaching situation in Algeria which concentrates on the formal system of the language in isolation from actual contexts of use and as such, goes counter tothe learner's communicative need to express meanings. The approach proposed as a possible remedy will integrate the aspectual and the communicative aspects of language through the use of learning tasks devised to increase the learner's awareness of the communicative relevance of the semantic concepts dealt with in Part I.
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Abd, Halim Hasliza. "Restricted Verb Phrase Collocations in Standard and Learner Malaysian English." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Linguistics, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10362.
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The English used in Malaysia is one of the varieties of New Englishes and this variety has emerged due to the spread of English around the world (Platt, et al., 1983; Pillai, 2006). In the case of Malaysia, Malay is the national language and standard English exists to be the language of an elite (Bao, 2006), also as a language of interaction. Over years of playing its various roles as a language of interaction, there has emerged a variety of English that is distinctively Malaysian (Asmah, 1992). Baskaran (2002) points out that English is now adopted and adapted in the linguistic ecology of Malaysia, and all Malaysians should be proud of it with all its local ‘nuances and innuendos’. Malaysian English today is ‘a rich tapestry of a typical transplanted variety of English’. Malaysian English (ME) is one of the new varieties of English, with some distinct features include the localized vocabulary, pronunciation, grammar as well as pragmatic features (Pillai, 2006; Pillai and Fauziah, 2006, p.39). The present study has embarked on a specialised study of vocabulary. In particular, it examined the English collocations produced by non-native speaker English users in Malaysia. The study provided insight into the nature of the internal norms of English used in Malaysia to see how these English restricted collocations being used by this group of learners. The investigation focused on the learners’ productive knowledge of Verb-Noun collocations of their written English with the impact of exposure and frequency. Nesselhauf (2003) has the opinion that verb-noun combinations are the most frequently mistaken so they should perceive particular attention of learners.
Investigating collocation in English language learning is paramount as such study may inform us on the use of restricted collocations in English language teaching and learning in Malaysian context. The findings in Chapter 4 and 5 suggest that the frequency of the cloze verb does have an effect as predicted by Kuiper, Columbus and Schmitt (2009). This is so because frequency is a measure of likely exposure. The more frequent an item is in corpora, the more likely a learner is to be exposed to it. What is needed is a much more nuanced notion of exposure. The findings in Chapter 6 proves that the malformed collocations make sense could be a way of making the World English perspective relevant after all. A new testing approach is proposed; semantic plausibility metric, which is used as a tool for this study, can be useful used as a measure of vocabulary acquisition as well as looking at learners’ test taking strategies. The findings of the present research on Malaysian English collocations contribute new knowledge to the existing understanding and literature on the acquisition of collocations.
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Gábor, Kata. "Computational syntax of Hungarian : from phrase chunking to verb subcategorization." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1020/document.
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La linguistique informatique est un domaine de recherche qui se concentre sur les méthodes et les perspectives de la modélisation formelle (statistique ou symbolique) de la langue naturelle. La linguistique informatique, tout comme la linguistique théorique, est une discipline fortement modulaire : les niveaux d'analyse linguistique comprennent la segmentation, l'analyse morphologique, la désambiguïsation, l'analyse syntaxique et sémantique. Tandis qu'un nombre d'outils existent déjà pour les traitements de bas niveau (analyse morphologique, étiquetage grammatical), le hongrois peut être considéré comme une langue peu doté pour l'analyse syntaxique et sémantique. Le travail décrit dans la présente thèse vise à combler ce manque en créant des ressources pour le traitement syntaxique du hongrois : notamment, un analyseur en chunks et une base de données lexicale de schémas de sous-catégorisation verbale. La première partie de la recherche présentée ici se concentre sur la création d'un analyseur syntaxique de surface (ou analyseur en chunks) pour le hongrois. La sortie de l'analyseur de surface est conçue pour servir d'entrée pour un traitement ultérieur visant à annoter les relations de dépendance entre le prédicat et ses compléments essentiels et circonstanciels. L'analyseur profond est mis en œuvre dans NooJ (Silberztein, 2004) en tant qu'une cascade de grammaires. Le deuxième objectif de recherche était de proposer une représentation lexicale pour la structure argumentale en hongrois. Cette représentation doit pouvoir gérer la vaste gamme de phénomènes qui échappent à la dichotomie traditionnelle entre un complément essentiel et un circonstanciel (p. ex. des structures partiellement productives, des écarts entre la prédictibilité syntaxique et sémantique). Nous avons eu recours à des résultats de la recherche récente sur la réalisation d'arguments et choisi un cadre qui répond à nos critères et qui est adaptable à une langue non-configurationnelle. Nous avons utilisé la classification sémantique de Levin (1993) comme modèle. Nous avons adapté les notions relatives à cette classification, à savoir celle de la composante sémantique et celle de l'alternance syntaxique, ainsi que la méthodologie d'explorer et de décrire le comportement des prédicats à l'aide de cette représentation, à la tâche de construire une représentation lexicale des verbes dans une langue non-configurationnelle. La première étape consistait à définir les règles de codage et de construire un vaste base de données lexicale pour les verbes et leurs compléments. Par la suite, nous avons entrepris deux expériences pour l'enrichissement de ce lexique avec des informations sémantiques lexicales afin de formaliser des généralisations syntaxiques et sémantiques pertinentes sur les classes de prédicats sous-jacentes. La première approche que nous avons testée consistait en une élaboration manuelle de classification de verbes en fonction de leur structure de compléments et de l'attribution de rôles sémantiques à ces compléments. Nous avons cherché la réponse aux questions suivantes: quelles sont les composants sémantiques pertinents pour définir une classification sémantique des prédicats hongrois? Quelles sont les implications syntaxiques spécifiques à ces classes? Et, plus généralement, quelle est la nature des alternances spécifiques aux classes verbales en hongrois ? Dans la phase finale de la recherche, nous avons étudié le potentiel de l'acquisition automatique pour extraire des classes de verbes à partir de corpus. Nous avons effectué une classification non supervisée, basée sur des données distributionnelles, pour obtenir une classification sémantique pertinente des verbes hongrois. Nous avons également testé la méthode de classification non supervisée sur des données françaisesWe present the creation of two resources for Hungarian NLP applications: a rule-based shallow parser and a database of verbal subcategorization frames. Hungarian, as a non-configurational language with a rich morphology, presents specific challenges for NLP at the level of morphological and syntactic processing. While efficient and precise morphological analyzers are already available, Hungarian is under-resourced with respect to syntactic analysis. Our work aimed at overcoming this problem by providing resources for syntactic processing. Hungarian language is characterized by a rich morphology and a non-configurational encoding of grammatical functions. These features imply that the syntactic processing of Hungarian has to rely on morphological features rather than on constituent order. The broader interest of our undertaking is to propose representations and methods that are adapted to these specific characteristics, and at the same time are in line with state of the art research methodologies. More concretely, we attempt to adapt current results in argument realization and lexical semantics to the task of labeling sentence constituents according to their syntactic function and semantic role in Hungarian. Syntax and semantics are not completely independent modules in linguistic analysis and language processing: it has been known for decades that semantic properties of words affect their syntactic distribution. Within the syntax-semantics interface, the field of argument realization deals with the (partial or complete) prediction of verbal subcategorization from semantic properties. Research on verbal lexical semantics and semantically motivated mapping has been concentrating on predicting the syntactic realization of arguments, taking for granted (either explicitly or implicitly) that the distinction between arguments and adjuncts is known, and that adjuncts' syntactic realization is governed by productive syntactic rules, not lexical properties. However, besides the correlation between verbal aspect or actionsart and time adverbs (e.g. Vendler, 1967 or Kiefer, 1992 for Hungarian), the distribution of adjuncts among verbs or verb classes did not receive significant attention, especially within the lexical semantics framework. We claim that contrary to the widely shared presumption, adjuncts are often not fully productive. We therefore propose a gradual notion of productivity, defined in relation to Levin-type lexical semantic verb classes (Levin, 1993; Levin and Rappaport-Hovav, 2005). The definition we propose for the argument-adjunct dichotomy is based on evidence from Hungarian and exploits the idea that lexical semantics not only influences complement structure but is the key to the argument-adjunct distinction and the realization of adjuncts
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Tatjana, Milicev. "Syntax and information structure of the Old English Verb Phrase." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Filozofski fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=100340&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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This thesis deals with the alternation in theAB position of the finite and the non-finite verb in Old English, specifically, with the alternation finite verb-final vs. finite verb-non-final embedded clauses, and the alternation object–verb (OV) vs. verb–object (VO) alternation in the non-finite verb phrase. The central proposal is that information-structural factors underlie most of the Old English word order patterns, including these alternations. What influences the surface position of the finite verb in embedded clauses is the discourse status of the proposition. Verb-final clauses are pragmatically presupposed, while non-final verb position signals pragmatic assertion. The OV/VO alterantion does not reflect competing structures/grammars, but rather focus marking strategies on the VP material, reflected in VO orders. We therefore propose a multi-layered model of information-structure, according to which, topic/background-focus structures are represented at three different levels, wherebythe following types of focus are distinguished: sentence focus, predicate focus and ‘new information’ focus. We also present a mechanism of their interaction and syntactic encoding in Old English. Two important insights emerge from this analysis. First, Old English is a discourse configurational language. Second, at least some discourse configurational languages do not syntactically mark each individual information-structural interpretation of sentence elements. It rather seems that the syntax reflexts IS marking of a larger constituent, leaving it to the context for specific resolutions.Ova disertacija bavi se problemom alternacije uIZ poziciji finitnog i nefinitnog glagola u staroengleskom, preciznije, razlikom između zavisnih rečenica u kojima je finitni glagol u poslednjoj poziciji u klauzi, i onih u kojima se finitni glagol nalazi u višoj poziciji, kao i alternacijom u položaju nefinitnog leksičkog glagola u odnosu na objekat (objekat-glagol, naspram glagol-objekat). Osnovna hipoteza u radu jeste da su glavni redosledi reči u staroengleskom, uključujući i navedene alternacije, rezultat uticaja informacijsko-strukturalnih faktora. Položaj finitnog glagola u zavisnim rečenicama određen je diskursnim statusom propozicije. Rečenice s glagolom na poslednjem položaju u klauzi su pragmatski presuponirane, dok su one s glagolom u višoj pozicji asertivne. Što se tiče alternacije objekat-glagol/glagol-objekat, ona ne odražava sistem dvostruke gramatike, već način obeležavanja fokusa unutar glagolske fraze. Redosled glagol-objekat je markiran, u smislu da se fokus nalazi Ova disertacija bavi se problemom alternacije u poziciji finitnog i nefinitnog glagola u staroengleskom, preciznije, razlikom između zavisnih rečenica u kojima je finitni glagol u poslednjoj poziciji u klauzi, i onih u kojima se finitni glagol nalazi u višoj poziciji, kao i alternacijom u položaju nefinitnog leksičkog glagola u odnosu na objekat (objekat-glagol, naspram glagol-objekat). Osnovna hipoteza u radu jeste da su glavni redosledi reči u staroengleskom, uključujući i navedene alternacije, rezultat uticaja informacijsko-strukturalnih faktora. Položaj finitnog glagola u zavisnim rečenicama određen je diskursnim statusom propozicije. Rečenice s glagolom na poslednjem položaju u klauzi su pragmatski presuponirane, dok su one s glagolom u višoj pozicji asertivne. Što se tiče alternacije objekat-glagol/glagol-objekat, ona ne odražava sistem dvostruke gramatike, već način obeležavanja fokusa unutar glagolske fraze. Redosled glagol-objekat je markiran, u smislu da se fokus nalazi.
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Miyamoto, Tadao. "The light verb construction in Japanese, the role of the verbal noun." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ32719.pdf.
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Zhang, Bin. "Serial verb constructions or verb compounds? : a prototype approach to resultative verb constructions in Mandarin Chinese." Virtual Press, 1991. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/762995.
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Resultative verb constructions RVCs (hereafter) are a special type of serial verb construction in Mandarin Chinese, in which the verbs hold an action-result relation. On the one hand, they behave like compounds, e.g., the verbs can be questioned as a single verb but cannot be separately modified, and no NP can possibly intervene. On the other hand, they also behave like phrases, i.e, for some types, the verbs can be split by an NP and can be separately modified. There has been controversy about the best way to analyze RVCs. There are two general positions: the pre-lexical syntactic approach and the pre-syntactic lexical approach. The former holds that resultative verb constructions are a syntactic phenomenon which can be derived by transformational rules. The latter, claims that RVCs are best considered a lexical phenomenon, i.e., verb compounds.This dissertation argues that neither approach sufficiently accounts for this phenomenon, in that both only shift the problem from one level of linguistic description to another. I propose a linguistic prototype analysis in which RVCs are seen as conventionalized serial verb constructions. I argue that the properties of the prototype and the conventionalized serial verb construction are subject to constraints in three areas: the semantic and syntactic dependency of the verbs, iconicity, and clause linkage. Through the analysis of the syntactic, semantic, and phonological behavior of various types of serial verb constructions, it is shown that serial verb constructions are on a structural continuum, i.e., from syntax to lexicon. RVCs are seen as close to the lexicalization end on the continuum.This dissertation shows the interplay of syntax, semantics, and phonology in the processes of syntactization and morphologization in Mandarin. It not only helps account for serial verb constructions but also has implications for other serial type phenomena on the word level, such as compounding and incorporation in Mandarin.Department of English
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Åkerhage, Jessica. "Complete vs Abridged: A Readability Study of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för kommunikation och information, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-2787.
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This essay deals with the issue of readability, the term readability referring to what it is that makes a reader perceive a text as difficult or easy. Some factors are related to the reader but there are also those which depend on the text as such, one such factor being style which is the one that will be focused on in this essay. The investigation is based on the analysis and comparison of a complete version and an abridged version of Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre, and the questions to be investigated are whether the author of the abridged version has succeeded in making it less complicated, and if he or she has done so by considering stylistic features said to be affecting readability. Further, this essay is divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains the background for the analysis and is divided into 4 parts dealing with the following aspects: the definition of readability, early research on readability, later research on readability, and difficult and easy language. Chapter two describes the limitations made and the method used for the analysis which involves looking at the noun phrase, the verb phrase, and the clause. Chapter three gives a detailed description of the corpus investigated. Moving on to chapter four, this is where the results of the investigation are presented. This is done by dividing it into four different subchapters, each of them dealing with issues related to the different areas described in the method. Each of the subchapters then begins with the presentation of the results for each edition which is then followed by a comparative discussion. The essay ends with a conclusion part where conclusions regarding the four areas presented in the analysis are made along with the answering of research questions.
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Nielsen, Leif Arda. "A corpus-based study of verb phrase ellipsis identification and resolution." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424330.
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Hu, Yang. "Acquisition of English verb-prepositional phrase and verb-particle constructions by native speakers of Mandarin and Spanish." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502176.
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Martinez, Blasco Iván. "Etude, analyse contrastive et traduction espagnol-français des constructions à verbe support." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131026.
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ACette étude vise à apporter des réponses à trois questions fondamentales concernant la construction à verbe support : son identification, sa délimitation d’autres constructions qui partagent la même structure de surface et une révision de sa définition classique. Une fois identifié et défini l’objet d’étude, nous avons inscrit le verbe support dans le cadre théorique de l’emploi (G. Gross, 2012) qui nous a permis de l’aborder sous deux angles différents : l’étude contrastive français-espagnol et la traduction : sans oublier l’approche didactiqueThis study aims to provide some answers to three basic questions concerning light verb structures: its identification, delimitation of other combinations that share the same surface structure and a review of its classical definition. Once identified and defined the object of our study, we adopt the linguistic theory of employ (G. Gross 2012), which allows us to approach light verbs from two perspectives: the contrastive study of French-Spanish light verbs and its translation
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Goldberg, Lotus Madelyn. "Verb-stranding VP ellipsis : a cross-linguistic study." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=50177.
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This thesis presents a study of a construction which I refer to as Verb-Stranding VP Ellipsis. The construction is studied here, specifically, in two distinct senses. First, in chapter two, diagnostics are proposed by which the VP Ellipsis ("VPE") construction can be identified—irrespective of whether the main verb involved is null or overt. It is proposed that these diagnostics can be used to rule out the possibility that the data at issue are cases of other types of null anaphora, such as null arguments, Stripping, Gapping, and Null Complement Anaphora. It emerges from this section of the thesis that Modern Hebrew, Modern Irish, and Swahili have V-Stranding VPE data which form a natural class with English's Aux-Stranding VPE, while Japanese, Korean, Italian, and Spanish do not. The second focus is the question of how V-Stranding VPE should be generated. Chapters 3 and 4 argue in favor of an analysis involving PF Deletion of a VP out of which the main verb has raised, and against an LF Copying treatment. These arguments, in part, involve the Verbal Identity Requirement on VP Ellipsis, a novel generalization involving strict identity in root and derivational morphology between the antecedent- and target clause main Vs of the construction. Within the previously known requirement that elided phrases express semantically Given information, I argue that this generalization results from the fact that the head of an elided phrase must itself express Given information—whether or not the head surfaces as phonologically null.Dans cette étude, on considère en detail une construction que j'appelle « L'élision d'une expression verbale sans l'élision du verbe principal » (anglais « V-Stranding VP Ellipsis »). Cette construction est étudiée ici, spécifiquement, dans deux sens distincts. Dans le chapitre 2, on propose des diagnostics grace auxquels on peut identifier la construction « élision d'une expression verbale » (« EEV », anglais « VP Ellipsis »), que le verbe principal dans l'expression verbale soit manifeste ou élidé. On soutient que ces diagnostics peuvent être utilisés pour éliminer la possibilité que les données pertinentes soient des exemples d'autres types d'anaphore nulle, tels que argument du verbe nul, le « Stripping », le « Gapping », et le « Null Complement Anaphora ». Ainsi, on propose dans cette section que l'EEV sans l'élision du verbe dans les grammaires de l'hebreu, de l'irlaindais et du swahili forme une classe naturelle avec l'EEV avec l'élision du verbe en anglais. On soutient aussi que cette construction n'existent pas en japonais, en coréen, en espagnol, ou en italienne. Ensuite, on considère la question de comment génerer les exemples d'EEV sans l'élision du verbe. Dans les chapitres 3 et 4, on propose une analyse qui utilise la suppression d'une expression verbale au niveau de la Forme Phonologique (« la suppression FP », anglais « PF Deletion ») aprês le placement du verbe principal a une position en dehors de l'expression verbale, et on presente une explication de la raison pour laquelle une analyse qui utilise des copies de la Forme Logique (« copie FL », anglais « LF Copying ») n'est pas viable. Ceci implique, en partie, la Condition d'Identite Verbale, une généralisation proposé ici pour la premiêre fois, impliquant une identité stricte de la racine et dans la morphologie dérivationnelle entre les verbes principaux des propositions antécedentes et des propositions ciblés. Dans le cadre de la condition connue selon laquelle les syntagmes élidés expriment une information sémantique donnée (anglais « Given »), j e soutiens que la condition d'identité verbale resulte du fait que la tete d'un syntagme élidé doit elle-meme exprimer l'information donnée sémantiquement—que la téte soit phonologiquement manifeste ou nulle.
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Fischer, Klaus. "Investigations into verb valency : contrasting German and English." Thesis, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.683145.
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Wong, Kwong-cheong. "Serial verb constructions in Cantonese and Dagaare a head-driven phrase structure grammar analysis /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36934057.
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Matsuoka, Mikinari. "Linking arguments to phrase structure : a study of passives, psych verbs, and ditransitive verbs in Japanese." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=38231.
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This thesis investigates the question of how the arguments of a given verb are linked to positions in a phrase structure. Through a study of passives, psych verbs, and ditransitive verbs in Japanese, it provides empirical support for the hypothesis that arguments having particular thematic roles are associated with particular syntactic positions systematically.Chapter 2 deals with passives, in particular, two types of passive constructions, direct and indirect passives. Following some previous works, it is argued that the subject of a direct passive is generated in the same position as an object of the corresponding active verb, having the same thematic role, whereas the subject of an indirect passive is projected as an argument of a separate predicate. Several pieces of evidence for this hypothesis which are not given in the literature are provided here.
Chapter 3 is concerned with psych verbs, focusing on those that participate in a causative alternation. It is proposed that causative counterparts of these verbs can have two different structures that are parallel to the two types of passives discussed in Chapter 2. The subject of one type is generated in the same position as the object of the noncausative counterpart, having the same thematic role, whereas the subject of the other type is projected as an argument of a separate predicate.
Chapter 4 takes up ditransitive verbs, specifically, those that have inchoative counterparts, which do not project the subject of the ditransitive construction. There are two types of such verbs: one promotes the accusative argument of the ditransitive construction, rather than the dative one, to the subject of the inchoative counterpart, while the other chooses the dative argument over the accusative one for the subject of the inchoative counterpart. It is argued that this reflects the difference in the base-generated position of the dative argument between the two types of verbs. Moreover, the dative arguments of the two are distinguished in terms of thematic role.
This research is meant to contribute toward having a further understanding of how the participants of an event are expressed in grammatical forms.
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Stymne, Sara. "Swedish-English Verb Frame Divergences in a Bilingual Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar for Machine Translation." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-6708.
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In this thesis I have investigated verb frame divergences in a bilingual Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar for machine translation. The purpose was threefold: (1) to describe and classify verb frame divergences (VFDs) between Swedish and English, (2) to practically implement a bilingual grammar that covered many of the identified VFDs and (3) to find out what cases of VFDs could be solved and implemented using a common semantic representation, or interlingua, for Swedish and English.
The implemented grammar, BiTSE, is a Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar based on the LinGO Grammar Matrix, a language independent grammar base. BiTSE is a bilingual grammar containing both Swedish and English. The semantic representation used is Minimal Recursion Semantics (MRS). It is language independent, so generating from it gives all equivalent sentences in both Swedish and English. Both the core of the languages and a subset of the identified VFDs are successfully implemented in BiTSE. For other VFDs tentative solutions are discussed.
MRS have previously been proposed as suitable for semantic transfer machine translation. I have shown that VFDs can naturally be handled by an interlingual design in many cases, minimizing the need of transfer.
The main contributions of this thesis are: an inventory of English and Swedish verb frames and verb frame divergences; the bilingual grammar BiTSE and showing that it is possible in many cases to use MRS as an interlingua in machine translation.
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Lin, Jimmy J. (Jimmy Jr-Pin) 1979. "Event structure and the encoding of arguments : the syntax of the Mandarin and English verb phrase." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28710.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (p. 181-194).
(cont.) to variations in the way functional elements interact with verbal roots. Overall, my work not only contributes to our understanding of how events are syntactically represented, but also explicates interactions at the syntax-semantics interface, clarifying the relationship between surface form, syntactic structure, and logical form. A theory of argument structure grounded in independently-motivated syntactic constraints, on the one hand, and the semantic structure of events, on the other hand, is able to account for a wide range of empirical facts with few stipulations.
This work presents a theory of linguistic representation that attempts to capture the syntactic structure of verbs and their arguments. My framework is based on the assumption that the proper representation of argument structure is event structure. Furthermore, I develop the hypothesis that event structure is syntactic structure, and argue that verb meanings are compositionally derived in the syntax from verbalizing heads, functional elements that license eventive interpretations, and verbal roots, abstract concepts drawn from encyclopedic knowledge. The overall goal of the enterprise is to develop a theory that is able to transparently relate the structure and meaning of verbal arguments. By hypothesis, languages share the same inventory of primitive building blocks and are governed by the same set of constraints--all endowed by principles of Universal Grammar and subjected to parametric variations. Support for my theory is drawn from both Mandarin Chinese and English. In particular, the organization of the Mandarin verbal system provides strong evidence for the claim that activity and state are the only two primitive verb types in Chinese--achievements and accomplishments are syntactically-derived complex categories. As a specific instance of complex event composition, I examine Mandarin resultative verb compounds and demonstrate that a broad range of variations can be perspicuously captured in my framework. I show that patterns of argument sharing in these verbal compounds can be analyzed as control, thus grounding argument structure in well-known syntactic constraints such as the Minimum Distance Principle. Finally, I argue that cross-linguistic differences in the realization of verbal arguments can be reduced
by Jimmy Lin.
Ph.D.
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Callahan, Sarah M. "A multi-methodological investigation of the processing and interpretation of coordinate sentences involving verb phrase anaphors." Diss., [La Jolla, Calif.] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3344675.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed March 19, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Brady, Brock. "The function of phrasal verbs and their lexical counterparts in technical manuals." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4181.
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Much recent attention has been devoted to the semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic properties of phrasal verbs--those two-part lexical items like "put on" and "tighten up", along with suggestions regarding effective methods of teaching them to non-native speakers. According to Cornell (1985), phrasal verbs, "have been 'discovered' as an important component in curricula for English as a Foreign Language" (p. 1). However, it is very possible that they have become objects of current research primarily because of their complexity: their polysemy, their idiomaticity, their syntactic restraints, a complexity that means covering phrasal verbs in an ESL/EFL course can be a time-consuming process.
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Render, M., J. Smith, L. Perrine, S. Kirk, and Kerry Proctor-Williams. "Phrase Analysis of Preschooler Narratives: A Pilot Study." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2006. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1850.
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Vinka, Erling Mikael. "Causativization in North Sámi." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84206.
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This thesis is concerned with the syntax of productive morphological causatives in the Finno-Ugric language North Sami, within the theoretical setting of the Chomskian Principles and Parameters/Minimalist framework. Providing rich and novel data, the thesis situates North Sami in the general typology of causative constructions, demonstrating that causatives in this language invariably are of the so-called Faire Par-variety. The issues treated in this thesis are directly concerned with the anatomy of the verb phrase and the fine-grained details of its syntactic decomposition. Specifically, it is argued that the syntactic head that introduces the external argument and which provides the locus of agentivity must be distinct from the head hosting the Cause component of an agentive verb. It is shown that the Faire Par causative selects as its complement a truncated verbal projection corresponding to this Cause component. This captures a long-standing observation that the Base Verb in a Faire Par construction is restricted to a class that can descriptively be characterized as agentive. We thus take issue with other proposals that seek to constrain the formation of Faire Par causatives on other grounds. Furthermore, it is shown that the Base Object in a Faire Par causative is an argument of the causative formative, and not of the Base Verb. This conclusion is based on a number of selectional asymmetries that depend on whether the verb has undergone Faire Par-causativization or not.
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Chor, Oi-wan Winnie, and 左靄雲. "A semantic and pragmatic analysis of verbal particles in Cantonese." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B2914744X.
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Caissie, Roland. "English verb phrase grammar prototypes for speakers of other languages : a cognitive approach to facilitate second language English composition /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9351.
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Kovitz, David Immanuel. "Looking into phrasal verbs." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2362.
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The phrasal verb is a unique type of verb phrase that consists of a main verb, usually of only one or two syllables, followed by a particle, that works as a single semantic unit. Such meaning, however, is characteristically expressed in idomatic terms, which poses a formidable problem for students of English as a second language. To be understood, this meaning must be figuratively interpreted as well as literally translated.
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Marruche, Vanessa de Sales. "Uma análise do verbo poder do português brasileiro à luz da HPSG e do léxico gerativo." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2012. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/2375.
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Previous issue date: 2012-08-29Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This study presents an analysis both syntactic and semantic of the verb poder in Brazilian Portuguese. To achieve this goal, we started with a literature review, which consisted of works dedicated to the study of auxiliarity and modality in order to determine what these issues imply and what is usually considered for classifying the verb under investigation as an auxiliary and/or modal verb. As foundations of this study, we used two theories, namely, HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Gramática de Estruturas Sintagmáticas Orientadas pelo Núcleo), a model of surface oriented generative grammar, which consists of a phonological, a syntactic and a semantic component, and GL (The Generative Lexicon O Léxico Gerativo), a lexicalist model of semantic interpretation of natural language, which is proposed to deal with problems such as compositionality, semantic creativity, and logical polysemy. Because these models are unable to handle the verb poder of the Brazilian Portuguese as they were originally proposed, it was necessary to use the GL to make some modifications in HPSG, in order to semantically enrich this model of grammar, so that it can cope with the logical polysemy of the verb poder, its behavior as a raising and a control verb, the saturation of its internal argument, as well as to identify when it is an auxiliary verb. The analysis showed that: (a) poder has four meanings inherent to it, namely, CAPACITY, ABILITY, POSSIBILITY and PERMISSION; (b) to saturate the internal argument of poder, the phrase candidate to saturate that argument must be of type [proposition] and the core of that phrase must be of type [event]. In case those types are not identical, the type coercion is applied in order to recover the requested type for that verb; (c) poder is a raising verb when it means POSSIBILITY, in such case it selects no external argument. That is, it accepts as its subject whatever the subject of its VP-complement is; (d) poder is a control verb when it means CAPACITY, ABILITY and/or PERMISSION and in this case it requires that the saturator of its internal argument be of type [entity] when poder means CAPACITY, or of type [animal] when it means ABILITY and/or PERMISSION; (e) poder is an auxiliary verb only when it is a raising verb, because only in this situation it does not impose any selectional restrictions on the external argument and (f ) poder is considered a modal verb because it can express an epistemic notion possibility and at least three non-epistemic notions of modality capacity, ability and permission.
Este trabalho apresenta uma análise tanto sintática quanto semântica do verbo poder do português brasileiro. Para alcançar esse objetivo, partiu-se de uma revisão de literatura, a qual compreendeu trabalhos dedicados ao estudo da auxiliaridade e da modalidade, a fim de verificar o que essas questões implicam e o que geralmente é levado em consideração para classificar o verbo investigado como auxiliar e/ou modal. Como alicerces deste trabalho, foram utilizadas duas teorias, quais sejam, a HPSG (Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Gramática de Estruturas Sintagmáticas Orientadas pelo Núcleo), um modelo de gramática gerativa orientada pela superfície, a qual é constituída de um componente fonológico, um sintático e um semântico, e o GL (The Generative Lexicon O Léxico Gerativo), um modelo lexicalista de interpretação semântica de língua natural, que se propõe a lidar com problemas como a composicionalidade, a criatividade semântica e a polissemia lógica. Devido ao fato de esses modelos não conseguirem lidar com o verbo poder do português brasileiro como eles foram propostos originalmente, foi necessário utilizar o GL para fazer algumas modificações na HPSG, a fim de enriquecer semanticamente esse modelo de gramática, de modo que ele consiga dar conta da polissemia lógica do verbo poder, de seu comportamento como verbo de alçamento e de controle, da saturação de seu argumento interno, além de identificar quando ele é um verbo auxiliar. A análise mostrou que: (a) quatro são os significados inerentes ao verbo poder, quais sejam, CAPACIDADE, HABILIDADE, PERMISSÃO e POSSIBILIDADE; (b) para saturar o argumento interno do verbo poder, o sintagma candidato a saturador deve ser do tipo [proposição], e o núcleo desse sintagma deve ser do tipo [evento] e, não havendo essa identidade de tipos, recorre-se à aplicação da construção de coerção de tipo para recuperar o tipo solicitado por aquele verbo; (c) poder é verbo de alçamento quando significa POSSIBILIDADE e, nesse caso, não seleciona argumento externo. Ou seja, aceita como sujeito qualquer que seja o sujeito de seu VP-complemento; (d) poder é verbo de controle quando significa CAPACIDADE, HABILIDADE e/ou PERMISSÃO e, nesse caso, requer que o sintagma saturador de seu argumento interno seja ou do tipo [entidade], quando significa CAPACIDADE, ou do tipo [animal], quando significa HABILIDADE e/ou PERMISSÃO; (e) poder só é verbo auxiliar quando é um verbo de alçamento, pois só nessa situação não impõe restrições selecionais quanto ao argumento externo; e (f) poder é considerado um verbo modal porque pode expressar uma noção epistêmica possibilidade e pelo menos três noções não epistêmicas de modalidade capacidade, habilidade e permissão.
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Pierce, Robert D. "Phrasal verbs in academic lectures." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4140.
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Phrasal verbs are a pervasive and distinctly Germanic part of the spoken English language that has been alive for centuries. They have preceded American history, and yet considered to be "the most active and creative pattern and word formation in the American language" (Meyer, 1975). Distinctly colloquial, idiomatic and varying in shades of literalness and figurativity, phrasal verbs are largely dominant in casual usage, such as conversation, while the Latinate verbs of English are dominant in formal usage, such as in making reports (McArthur 1989). While foreign educators and their students, such as from Chinese countries, are found to emphasize English study for formal and academic purposes, the acquisition of phrasal verbs may not be considered instrumental to the purposes of the students coming to the United States in pursuit of academic degrees.
Because of the pervasiveness of phrasal verbs in spoken English language, and because of the largely conversational nature of American lectures, this study is intended to answer the following research questions:
1. In university classrooms, are the phrasal verbs spoken by native English speaking lecturers?
2. Are figurative phrasal verbs in academic lectures significantly greater in frequency than non-figuratively classified phrasal verbs in the academic lectures?
3. Do certain academic subjects tend to generate a significant increase in the number of phrasal verbs spoken by instructors, of either figurative phrasal verbs, or the more literal non-figuratively classified phrasal verbs?
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Tajima, Masakazu. "Complex predicate formation in Ainu." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56904.
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Lexicalists assume that words with derivational morphology and compound words are not formed by syntactic transformation (Selkirk, 1982). The Lexicalist Hypothesis implies that the principles of universal grammar are not operative to word formation.This thesis argues that a word is composed of lexical constituents and post-lexical constituents, and that the post-lexical constituents can incorporate into a verb, to form the complex predicate. This formational process is subject to syntactic constraints and principles. Therefore, I claim that the principles of universal grammar are also operative to word formation. This hypothesis will throw a new light upon the area of language acquisition of complex predicates.
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Knoll, Sonja. "Word order within infinitival complements in Swiss-German." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61299.
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This thesis studies word order variations in Swiss-German sentences that contain infinitival complements. Such sentences exhibit interesting word order. Verbs can be in different orders and the objects selected by these verbs can be in different positions relative to them. The aim of this thesis is to give a general account of these word order facts based solely on structural properties of the complements in the underlying structure. In particular, it is claimed that Swiss-German verbs that take infinitival complements do not all select the same type of complements. Some verbs (like modals, perception verbs and causatives) select VPs, others (like raising verbs) select IPs and others (like control verbs) select IPs or CPs. Mechanisms such as extraposition, verb raising and proliticization then apply to different structures in order for the sentence to satisfy T-linking. Extraposition applies to IPs and CPs, verb raising to IPs and VPs and procliticization to verbs that are sister to VPs.
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李家豪. ""一次"在動詞性結構前的表義功能及影響因素." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2485819.
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Schadeberg, Thilo C. "Uo mmoja hautiwi panga mbili: aina za yambwa na maana zake." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-98108.
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`Kinds of objects and their meanings´ deals with objecthood in Kiswahili. From a syntactic point of view, there is but one kind of object: the distinction between `direct´ and `indirect´ object has no syntactic properties, and one verb can have only one object. Of course, objects can have different semantic roles. This raises questions about the syntactic and semantic functions of `naked´ non-objects, and some of these are approached by inspecting fifty examples of the verb kutia `to put [sth] [into]´ from Sacleux´s dictionary. Three syntactic and semantic frames are distinguished and the respective roles of the arguments are described. Finally, there is a brief discussion about the meaning of the object as such and how it is influenced by the presence of the applicative extension.
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Huang, Xiaozhao. "African-American English in "Middletown" : a syntactic and phonological study with time-depth data to test the linguistic convergence and divergence hypothesis." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/932629.
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Recent discussions on African-American Vernacular English (AAVE) have focused on the linguistic divergence and convergence hypotheses. Some linguists (Ash and Myhill 1986; Bailey and Maynor 1987, 1989; Graff, Labov, and Harris 1986; Labov 1983, 1987; Labov and Harris 1986; Luthin 1987; Myhill and Harris 1986; Thomas 1989) claim that AAVE is diverging from White Vernacular English (WVE) on a national level. However, other linguists (Butters 1987, 1988, 1989; Vaughn-Cooke 1986, 1987; Wolfram 1987) have challenged the divergence hypothesis, and have argued that AAVE is actually converging with WVE. They point out that the data in most of the studies supporting the divergence hypothesis were incomparable and manifested age-grading. In addition, these studies investigated only a few linguistic features. Most importantly, most of these studies lack the time-depth data which are essential to investigate language change.This study analyzed the time-depth data of speech samples from thirty-two African-American subjects, sixteen from 1980 and sixteen from 1993, in Muncie, Indiana. The subjects were both males and females, equally divided into young adult and elderly speakers. The analysis of the study focused on twenty-three syntactic and five phonological features.The results from the study have found no innovative features, either syntactic or phonological, in the speech of Muncie AAVE subjects. More importantly, the findings of the study, based on the time-depth data, have shown that Muncie AAVE was not divergent with WVE, but convergent with it, at least from 1980 to 1993. Thus, the findings of the study do not support the divergence hypothesis.Department of English
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Costa, Jos? da Luz. "Pr?-fabricados ling??sticos: estrutura e funcionamento de sintagmas verbais idiomatizados - por uma abordagem cognitivo-funcional em sala de aula." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/16271.
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Previous issue date: 2007-12-07This work aims at under the cognitive-functional perspective describing, inside the vast domain of the linguistic prefabs, the structure and the functioning of the Idiomatic Verb Phrases (SVIs), produced by speakers of the Portuguese from Brazil, located in Natal (RN). From the functionalist presupposition that the language is used essentially to assist to communicative demands, it is observed that its morphologic-syntactic structure is conditioned to the inherent pragmatic vicissitudes to the verbal interaction of subjects, socially heterogeneous and historically established. It is focalized, in the composition of SVIs, the relationships VT + OD (transitive verb + direct object), characterizing the syntactic-semantic nature of the verb and of the respective verbal complement. Those verb combinations + complement can be interpreted as lexical structures, reflexes of the idiomaticity inherent to conventional constructions already systematized in the users' of the language cultural repertoire. It is sought, still, to glimpse the cognitive and discursive motivations pertinent to that linguistic phenomenon. In the investigative process, are analyzed exclusive data of speech collected in Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica a lingua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal, organized by Furtado da Cunha (1998). The adopted methodological procedures configure as methods of empiric analysis and use of the intuition, being emphasized the qualitative approach (explanatory) of the data with quantitative support of statistical indicators. It shows, finally, a grating of didactic suggestions on SVIs, for Portuguese's classes, as subsidies to the educational practice in the Medium Teaching and in the course of Letters.
Este trabalho objetiva sob a perspectiva cognitivo-funcional descrever, no interior do vasto dom?nio dos pr?-fabricados ling??sticos, a estrutura e o funcionamento dos sintagmas verbais idiomatizados (SVIs), produzidos por falantes do portugu?s do Brasil, situados em Natal (RN). Partindo do pressuposto funcionalista de que a l?ngua ? usada essencialmente para atender a demandas comunicativas, observa-se que a sua estrutura morfossint?tica est? condicionada ?s vicissitudes pragm?ticas inerentes ? intera??o verbal de sujeitos, socialmente heterog?neos e historicamente estabelecidos. Focaliza-se, na composi??o dos SVIs, as rela??es VT + OD, caracterizando a natureza sint?tico-sem?ntica do verbo e do respectivo complemento verbal. Essas combina??es de verbo + complemento podem ser interpretadas como estruturas lexicalizadas, reflexos da idiomaticidade inerente ?s constru??es convencionais j? sistematizadas no repert?rio cultural dos usu?rios da l?ngua. Procura-se, ainda, entrever as motiva??es cognitivas e discursivas pertinentes a esse fen?meno ling??stico. No processo investigativo, s?o analisados dados exclusivos de fala coletados no Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal, organizado por Furtado da Cunha (1998). Os procedimentos metodol?gicos adotados se configuram como m?todos de an?lise emp?rica e uso da intui??o, enfatizando-se a abordagem qualitativa (explicativa) dos dados com suporte quantitativo de indicadores estat?sticos. Apresenta-se, por fim, uma grade de sugest?es did?ticas sobre SVIs, para as aulas de portugu?s, como subs?dios ? pr?tica docente no Ensino M?dio e no curso de Letras.
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Souid, Habiba. "Les compléments comme determinants sémantiques du verbe." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00980461.
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Les sens complémentaires en arabe sont multiples et variés. Outre les aspects syntaxiques, nous relevons des aspects sémantiques propres à chaque complément. L'introduction de l'un de ces sens dans la phrase l'enrichit et entraîne des précisions qui se rattachent au verbe. Les grammairiens classiques parlent des (mafûîät) ou encore des (manûübät) noms au cas accusatif, ils s'intéressent ainsi au traits formels des compléments. Les rhétoriciens soulignent les traits sémantiques. Ils insistent sur le sens de la restriction déterminative qu'exerce le complément sur le verbe. Une approche critique démontre que les compléments en arabe jouent un rôle important dans l'éclaircissement du sens de l'action. C'est donc le verbe qui sélectionne le sens complémentaire convenable. En arabe moderne (dans les écritures contemporaines) l'usage des compléments ne s'écarte pas loin de l'usage classique. Les auteurs sont soumis aux règles de la théorie grammaticale des premiers siècles. Toutefois, il existe certains aspects d'évolution qui reviennent, soit au choix libre de l'écrivain, soit à l'évolution interne de la langue elle-même.
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Gomes, Antonio Almir Silva 1979. "Sanapaná uma língua Maskoy : aspectos gramaticais." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270865.
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Orientador: Lucy SekiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Esta Tese tem como objeto aspectos da gramática Sanapaná relativos à sentença simples. Sanapaná é a língua falada pelo povo homônimo que vive, dentre outras, na comunidade La Esperanza, às proximidades do município de Loma Plata - Paraguai. Constituída por seis capítulos, no primeiro constam informações gerais sobre o povo Sanapaná e sua língua inseridos em um contexto socioeconômico, cultural e linguístico. No segundo capítulo, apresento uma análise de aspectos fonéticos e fonológicos, com ênfase para os segmentos consonantais e vocálicos, bem como para a sílaba. O terceiro e o quarto capítulo são destinados ao sintagma nominal. A divisão entre ambos os capítulos pauta-se na concepção de categorias abertas e de categorias fechadas proposta por Schachter e Shopen (2007). Desta forma, no Capítulo III trato das categorias abertas, mais especificamente do Nome e do Adjetivo e, no Capítulo IV, trato das categorias fechadas que se relacionam com as categorias abertas. Incluem-se aí, portanto, os pronomes, os numerais, os advérbios, os quantificadores e as adposições. Compreende-se uma interface Morfologia / Sintaxe ao longo destes dois capítulos. Após referir-me ao sintagma nominal compreendido pelos dois tipos de categorias expressos nos capítulos III e IV, faço referência, no Capítulo V, ao sintagma verbal. Para isso, trato o verbo, assim como nos capítulos anteriores, em sua interface Morfologia / Sintaxe. Na perspectiva da Morfologia, mostro que o verbo Sanapaná apresenta algumas semelhanças com o nome no que diz respeito ao uso de prefixos. No entanto, distinguem-se em relação ao uso de sufixos. Na perspectiva da Sintaxe, mostro o verbo como predicador e, consequentemente, seus mecanismos relativos aos argumentos por ele requeridos. No Capítulo VI trato de aspectos da gramática Sanapaná relativos às sentenças envolvendo negação e imperativo. A análise apresentada para a negação assume (i) a existência de dois processos distintos, sendo um o uso de afixos e outro o uso de partículas e (ii) que tais processos interagem morfossintaticamente. Os seis capítulos em questão não esgotam a discussão acerca da sentença simples Sanapaná mas, ao contrário, a introduz. Apesar disso, constitui-se esta Tese um passo importante para o conhecimento linguístico mais amplo de uma língua da família Maskoy, considerando-se, sobretudo, o conhecimento reduzido que a comunidade científica detém das referidas línguas, em virtude da pouca oferta de trabalhos linguísticos disponíveis referentes, a qualquer uma das seis línguas que constituem a referida família. Esta Tese é, portanto, um dos primeiros estudos sistemáticos de uma língua Maskoy, o que me permite assumir que trabalhos futuros serão importantes para esclarecer, inclusive, dúvidas postas ao longo dos capítulos mencionados. Torna-se a referida Tese, portanto, uma rica fonte de informação de uma língua do Paraguai
Abstract: This thesis has as its objective aspects of grammar of Sanapaná relating to simple sentences. Sanapaná is the language spoken by the Sanapaná people, among others those living in the community La Esperanza, in the vicinity of the city of Loma Plata - Paraguay. The thesis consists of six chapters, the first containning general information about the people and their language in socioeconomic, cultural and linguistic context. In the second chapter I present an analysis of phonetic and phonological aspects, with emphasis on consonant and vowel segments, as well as the syllable. The third and fourth chapters are dedicated to the noun phrase. The division between the two is guided by the design categories of open and closed categories proposed by Schachter e Shopen (2007). Thus, in Chapter III open categories are discussed, specifically nouns and adjectives, and in Chapter IV I discuss the closed categories that relate to open categories: pronouns, numerals, adverbs, quantifiers and adpositions. These two chapters demonstrate the Morphology / Syntax interface. After discussing the noun phrase, defined by the two types of categories analyzed in Chapters III and IV, I refer, in Chapter V, to the verb phrase, and its Morphology / Syntax interface. From the perspective of Morphology, I show that the verb in Sanapaná bears some resemblance to the noun with respect to the use of prefixes. However, they differ regarding the use of suffixes. From the perspective of Syntax, the verb is shown to be with mechanisms for its required arguments. Chapter VI deals with aspects of Sanapaná grammar inherent in sentences with negation and in imperative sentences. The analysis presented for negation assumes (i) the existence of two distinct processes, one being the use of affixes, and the other the use of particles and (ii) that such processes interact morphosyntactically. Finally, I consider that the content of this thesis does not exhaust the discussion of the simple sentence Sanapaná but, on the contrary, introduces it. With this, I assume that future work will be important to clarify questions raised throughout the chapters of this dissertation. Above all, this PhD thesis is one of the most concrete studies of a member of the Maskoyan language family, which make it a reference point in linguistic investigation of the indigenous languages of Paraguay
Doutorado
Linguistica
Doutor em Linguística
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Chen, Dongdong 1960. "L2 acquisition of English psych predicates by native speakers of Chinese and French." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=42003.
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This thesis investigates the second language acquisition of English psych predicates by Chinese-speaking and French-speaking adult learners of English within the Government and Binding Theory. Two major parts comprise the whole work: a study of psych predicates across Chinese, English and French, including verbs like blame and annoy, adjectives such as annoying and annoyed, and nominals like annoyance; and an experiment on Chinese and French learners' knowledge of English psych predicates.An account of psych predicates is proposed, under which Experiencer Object (EO) verbs are the causatives of Experiencer Subject (ES) verbs, derived by zero affixation. Different D-structures are suggested for the two classes of verbs, solving the linking problem of psych predicates. The binding problem with EO verbs and corresponding -ing adjectives is resolved by the assumption of anaphoric pro, which enables the anaphor to be bound backwards by the antecedent through the extension of chain-binding theory. The Target/Subject Matter (T/SM) restriction is ruled out by a generalization established on the interaction of the zero CAUS and selectional restrictions.
Given the linguistic analysis that EO verbs are made up of a zero CAUS and a root, and the fact that psych adjectives and psych nominals are derived from these verbs, the central hypothesis for the L2 acquisition of English psych predicates hinges on this zero CAUS. It is predicted that if L2 learners of English have difficulty figuring out the causative nature of EO verbs and -ing adjectives, they should have difficulty recognizing the correct argument structure, the ungrammaticality of T/SM violations and the grammaticality of backwards binding with these predicates. A picture identification task, a multiple choice task and a grammaticality judgment and correction task are designed to test L2 learners' knowledge of these properties. The results obtained through the experiment are discussed with respect to the issues in second language acquisition.
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Oger, Kimberly. "La grammaire de DO et ses emplois dans l'anaphore verbale." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL121.
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Cette thèse propose une étude transversale des principales réalisations de DO dans l'anaphore verbale en anglais, à savoir : do this/that/it, do so, ellipse post-auxiliaire (EPA) et DO britannique. Chaque anaphorique fait l'objet d'une étude approfondie fondée sur un échantillon de plusieurs centaines d'occurrences authentiques prélevées dans le BNC et le COCA, ainsi que le corpus de Bos & Spenader (2011). Plusieurs variables sont analysées, notamment le registre, la nature grammaticale de DO, les propriétés sémantiques et syntaxiques du déclencheur d'antécédent, l’identité de sujet et d'état de choses, les alternances de polarité, de modalité, d'aspect, de temps et de voix ainsi que la présence éventuelle d'adjoints contrastifs ou non contrastifs.Une attention particulière est portée au DO britannique, c'est-à-dire l'emploi de formes non finies de DO anaphorique essentiellement limité au registre conversationnel de l'anglais britannique, qui n'a jamais fait l'objet d'une étude empirique auparavant. A partir d’un échantillon de 483 occurrences prélevées dans la composante orale du BNC et vérifiées systématiquement à l'écoute, cette étude met en lumière certaines caractéristiques socio-culturelles et situationnelles qui favorisent son utilisation, en plus de ses propriétés linguistiques et discursives. Ainsi, cette étude aboutit à la conclusion que le DO britannique constitue une réalisation particulière de l'EPA, qui met en œuvre des formes non finies du DO auxiliaireThis dissertation presents research across the main types of verb-phrase anaphora involving DO, viz. do this/that/it anaphora, do so anaphora, post-auxiliary ellipsis (PAE) and British English DO. Each anaphor underwent close analysis based on a sample of several hundreds of occurrences retrieved from the BNC and the COCA, as well as Bos & Spenader's (2011) corpus. Different variables were studied including register, the grammatical status of DO, semantic and syntactic properties of antecedent triggers, identity of subjects and states of affairs, the presence or absence of contrastive and non-contrastive adjuncts, as well as polar, modal, aspectual, temporal and voice alternations.One item of particular interest involves British English DO which bears a strong resemblance to PAE, except that it involves non-finite forms of DO and is generally restricted to British conversational English. Unlike PAE, British English DO has never before been the focus of study based on empirical data. In this research, 483 naturally-occurring examples taken from the Spoken component of the BNC as well as the accompanying metadata and recorded material were fully examined. Sociolinguistic and situational information was investigated, as were the linguistic properties and discourse conditions that make the use of British English DO felicitous. The result has led to a far better understanding of the phenomenon. In particular, it was found that British English DO can be considered a sub-type of PAE, which involves non-finite forms of auxiliary DO
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Rosen, Sara Thomas. "Argument structure and complex predicates." New York : Garland publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35690826v.
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Evrard, Ivan. "La diathèse, des origines à l'aube de la grammaire française: contribution à l'histoire d'un objet linguistique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211372.
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Hewlett, Daniel Krishnan. "A Framework for Recognizing and Executing Verb Phrases." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203490.
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Today, the physical capabilities of robots enable them to perform a wide variety of useful tasks for humans, making the need for simple and intuitive interaction between humans and robots readily apparent. Taking natural language as a key element of this interaction, we present a novel framework that enables robots to learn qualitative models of the semantics of an important class of verb phrases, such as "follow me to the kitchen," and leverage these verb models to perform two tasks: Executing verb phrase commands, and recognizing when another agent has performed a given verb. This framework is based on a qualitative, relational model of verb semantics called the Verb Finite State Machine, or VFSM. We describe the VFSM in detail, motivating its design and providing a characterization of the class of verbs it can represent. The VFSM supports the recognition task natively, and we show how to combine it with modern planning techniques to support verb execution in complex environments. Grounded natural language semantics must be learned through interaction with humans, so we describe methods from learning VFSM verb models through natural interaction with a human teacher in the apprenticeship learning paradigm. To demonstrate the efficacy of our framework, we present empirical results showing rapid learning and high performance on both the recognition and execution tasks. In these experiments, the VFSM is able to consistently outperform a baseline method based on recent work in the verb learning literature. We close with a discussion of some of the current limitations of the framework, and a roadmap for future work in this area.