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1
Ellis, Nick C., Matthew Brook O'Donnell, and Ute Römer. "The processing of verb-argument constructions is sensitive to form, function, frequency, contingency and prototypicality." Cognitive Linguistics 25, no. 1 (2014): 55–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2013-0031.
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AbstractWe used free association and verbal fluency tasks to investigate verb-argument constructions (VACs) and the ways in which their processing is sensitive to statistical patterns of usage (verb type-token frequency distribution, VAC-verb contingency, verb-VAC semantic prototypicality). In experiment 1, 285 native speakers of English generated the first word that came to mind to fill the V slot in 40 sparse VAC frames such as `he ____ across the. . . .', `it ____ of the. . . .', etc. In experiment 2, 40 English speakers generated as many verbs that fit each frame as they could think of in a minute. For each VAC, we compared the results from the experiments with corpus analyses of verb selection preferences in 100 million words of usage and with the semantic network structure of the verbs in these VACs. For both experiments, multiple regression analyses predicting the frequencies of verb types generated for each VAC show independent contributions of (i) verb frequency in the VAC, (ii) VAC-verb contingency and (iii) verb prototypicality in terms of centrality within the VAC semantic network. VAC processing involves rich associations, tuned by verb type and token frequencies and their contingencies of usage, which interface syntax, lexis and semantics. We consider the implications for the mental representation of VACs.
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RIŠNER, Vlasta, and Željko RIŠNER. "CHANGES IN THE MEANING AND USAGE OF THE VERB RADITI." Lingua Montenegrina 6, no. 2 (2010): 185–203. https://doi.org/10.46584/lm.v6i2.183.
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The authors discuss the changes in the meaning and usage of the verb raditi in modern Croatian standard language. This verb is more and more frequently used with partially emptied meaning and followed by a noun in the accusative case. The verb raditi is used in stead of other verbs with partially emptied meaning in more or less phrased expressions, but it is also used in stead of lexical verbs (e.g. in raditi čaj/ kavu / kolače...). Such expressions are used not only in journalistic and conversational styles but also in the language of some literary works.
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Chen, Panyu. "Study on Orientation Metaphors of Up in Shakespeare’s Plays from a Cognitive Perspective." International Journal of Education and Humanities 14, no. 1 (2024): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/js14r156.
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The large number of ups in Shakespeare's plays has not only conventional usage but also metaphorical usage, especially orientation metaphors. From the aspect of syntactic structure, V+up phrasal verbs combined with verbs are usually metaphorical usages. The types of these verbs include noun-transformed verbs, transitive verbs, and special usages. Based on the metaphorical usage of up, this paper explores the underlying cognitive mechanism behind it, and finds that verbs affect the mapping direction of up, which makes it highlight different metaphorical meanings, and energy transfer between verb phrases. Studying the cognitive mechanism of V+up orientation metaphor helps to further understand the emotions and thoughts of the characters in Shakespeare's plays.
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Vaneyan, S., S. Toldova, and V. Zheleznova. "Verbs of falling in Kazym Khanty." Acta Linguistica Petropolitana XVI, no. 1 (2020): 435–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/alp2306573716113.
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The work is devoted to the verbs of falling in Kazym dialect of Khanty language (Ob-Ugric < Finno-Ugric). This dialect is spoken in the district near the Kazym River, Khanty-Mansi district. The work suggests the detailed distribution of the core verbs pertaining to the semantic field of falling. The system of verbs of falling in Kazym Khanty can be characterized as weakly dominant system, when there is one verb that has a wide meaning and can be used nearly in all the contexts. The main verb is pitti. It denotes situations belonging to the tree frames associated with falling. The verb is not used to denote the situation of destruction. The usage of the majority of other verbs described in the work is also limited to three frames. However, pitty have the widest usage. It’s meaning is free of additional connotations. It has a bulk of grammaticalized and idiomatized usages. There are also some other verbs that correspond to the same basic frames. However, the number of particular situations they denote within these frames is narrower as compared to pitti. Separate verbs (a verb and its suffixed correlates) are used in context of the fourth frame, namely destruction. As a result, the table is given where the distribution of the verbs of falling among different diagnostic contexts for falling subframes in Kazym Khanty is summarized.
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Römer, Ute, and James R. Garner. "The development of verb constructions in spoken learner English." Corpus-based Approaches to Spoken L2 Production 5, no. 2 (2019): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijlcr.17015.rom.
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Abstract Based on datasets of L1 Italian and Spanish learner language culled from the Trinity Lancaster Corpus Sample, this paper investigates how verb-argument constructions (VACs) develop in the spoken English of L2 learners across proficiency levels. In addition to proficiency and L1 effects, we focus on the potential influence of native English usage on learner VAC production. Insights into learners’ productive knowledge of five target VACs and the verbs used in those VACs are gained through (1) comparisons of normalized entropy scores for verbs in VACs; (2) correlation analyses comparing for each VAC the verbs produced by groups of learners and by native English speakers; and (3) regression analyses comparing learner verb-VAC associations against indices of VAC usage, including verb-VAC frequency, VAC-verb association strength and contingency. Results indicate that, across L1 backgrounds, more proficient learners are more productive in their VAC use and closer to patterns in L1 English usage than less proficient learners.
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Ellis, Nick C., Matthew B. O’Donnell, and Ute Römer. "Second language verb-argument constructions are sensitive to form, function, frequency, contingency, and prototypicality." Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 4, no. 4 (2014): 405–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lab.4.4.01ell.
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We used free association tasks to investigate second language (L2) verb-argument constructions (VACs) and the ways in which their access is sensitive to statistical patterns of usage (verb type-token frequency distribution, VAC-verb contingency, verb-VAC semantic prototypicality). 131 German, 131 Spanish, and 131 Czech advanced L2 learners of English generated the first word that came to mind to fill the V slot in 40 sparse VAC frames such as ‘he __ across the …’, ‘it __ of the …’, etc. For each VAC, we compared these results with corpus analyses of verb selection preferences in 100 million words of usage and with the semantic network structure of the verbs in these VACs. For all language groups, multiple regression analyses predicting the frequencies of verb types generated for each VAC show independent contributions of (i) verb frequency in the VAC, (ii) VAC-verb contingency, and (iii) verb prototypicality in terms of centrality within the VAC semantic network. L2 VAC processing involves rich associations, tuned by verb type and token frequencies and their contingencies of usage, which interface syntax, lexis, and semantics.
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Koh, Taejin, and Donghwan Kim. "The Function and Usage of the Verb ‘be’ in Ho language." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, no. 10 (2023): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n10.011.
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The Ho language, a member of the Austro-Asiatic language family, specifically falls under the Munda group. Traditionally, the verb 'be' has been denoted to as the ‘-tan’ verb. However, our study seeks to argue that both the ‘-tan’ and ‘-min’ verbs should be categorized as 'be' verbs, serving as main verbs with the meaning 'is’, while maintaining distinct usage and functions. Thus, this paper aims to examine the functions and uses of both the ‘-tan’ and ‘-min verbs. In pursuit of this goal, we will explore not only their roles as main verbs but also their applications as tense markers, brand names, and linking verbs.
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Machonis, Peter A. "Compositional phrasal verbs with up." Actes du «27e colloque international sur le lexique et la grammaire» (L'Aquila, 10-13 septembre 2008). Première partie 32, no. 2 (2009): 253–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.2.08mac.
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This study examines a corpus of 300 compositional phrasal verbs in English using the particle up. Whereas frozen phrasal verbs clearly do not have the same meaning without the particle and must be listed in the lexicon grammar of idiomatic expressions (e.g., break up the audience “cause to laugh”), compositional phrasal verbs merely add an aspectual element to the simple verb, and particle usage might be better analyzed as a property of the simple verb. Although this meaning is difficult to characterize precisely, it generally indicates direction (ride up the elevator), completion (open up the store), intensity (hype up the book), or combinations (polish up the silverware, completion and intensity). These properties are added to the table of compositional phrasal verbs. Optional particle usage can also identify the meaning of a potentially ambiguous simple verb. For example, the simple verb call “phone” can take the particle up but not out, while the simple verb call “announce” can take the particle out but not up. The simple verb tables, however, will become enormously complex when all English particles (fifteen different particles according to B. Fraser 1976) are taken into account.
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Kovalevskaitė, Jolanta, and Erika Rimkutė. "Why do Infinite Forms Matter: Analysis of Verbs from the Lexical Database of Lithuanian Language Usage." Taikomoji kalbotyra, no. 19 (July 7, 2023): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/taikalbot.2023.19.5.
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From the corpus data, we observe that in the real language usage, the particular verb does not appear in all theoretically possible finite and infinite verb forms in the morphologically rich Lithuanian but is used in those forms which are relevant for the verb patterning. On the one hand, by teaching vocabulary, is it important to represent lexis in these relevant forms – frequently used forms, and, on the other hand, in grammar teaching, there is a need to provide learners with appropriate vocabulary, e.g., by teaching infinite forms, to use verbs, in the usage of which, these forms are relevant and frequent.In this paper, we provide language teaching practitioners with the data about the frequently used Lithuanian verbs and show which of them and how often appear in infinite forms (participles in passive and active voice, adverbial participles, half participles). As a research data we use 200 verbs from the Lexical Database of Lithuanian Language Usage which was developed on the basis of the written subcorpus of the Pedagogic corpus of Lithuanian. The investigated verbs belong to the frequent vocabulary: in the corpus of approx. 700,000 tokens, these verbs are used 100 times (and above). First, we analysed, which verbs appear in infinite forms, second, we checked whether frequent and typical infinite forms are included into corpus pattern(s) of these particular verbs, and if there is a link between the infinite form and a particular meaning of the verb.All verbs (except of three verbs with no infinite forms) were included into one of three groups: 1) 11 verbs which occur in the infinite forms frequently (more than 50% of all forms – finite and infinite) and, accordingly, typical; 2) 117 verbs with the infinite forms making up from 10 to 50%; 3) 69 verbs, with the infinite forms making up less than 10% of all verb forms. Interestingly, the verbs of the first group, usually have only one infinite form, e.g., participle in passive voice which makes up more than 50% of all forms of verb. These cases are also frequently observed in the second verb group. Thus, if the verb tends to be used in infinite forms, it is important to know which infinite form is relevant to that particular verb.In the Lexical Database of Lithuanian Language Usage, lexical and grammatical patterning of the word is represented in the form of corpus patterns. In this study, we showed the interrelation between the frequently used infinite forms of the verb and its corpus patterns (also, corpus patterns related to particular meaning of the polysemous verb). We can expect various applications of the provided data in the Lithuanian as a foreign language teaching: the provided data about the verbs typical and frequent in infinite forms and the corpus patterns including these infinite forms can be used for building vocabulary training as well as for developing grammar exercises.
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Yablonska, Tetyana. "THE SPECIFICITY OF PHRASAL VERBS USAGE IN THE ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY CLASSES." Naukovy Visnyk of South Ukrainian National Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushynsky: Linguistic Sciences 2022, no. 34 (2022): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24195/2616-5317-2022-34-12.
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The relevance of the English Language learning is substantiated in the article for many reasons. First, because of its international meaning in the whole world. Secondly, due to the huge variety of vocabulary, the presence of emotionally coloured set phrases, turns, idioms, phraseological units, proverbs, sayings and phrasal verbs. Thirdly, due to its emotional coloring, individuality and the presence of words of Greek, Latin and French origin. The article considers the specifics of the use of phrasal verbs in English Lexicology classes. Such teaching methods as descriptive (for a general description of the context of a phrasal verb in English); contextual-interpretive (to identify the functional and semantic meaning of a phrasal verb), as well as a method of creating a problem situation with the help of a phrasal verb. The essence of the term «phrasal verbs» is defined; the place of phrasal verbs in the English Lexicology is considered and the features of phrasal verbs usage in this discipline are determined. The features of perception and memorization of phrasal verbs are considered. Attention is paid to the classification of phrasal verbs. It has been proven that phrasal verbs are one of the most difficult moments regarding mastering the English language, but despite this, it is thanks to their use in the context that the English language becomes more «alive», extraordinary and emotionally colored, and in turn, the constant study of phrasal verbs and the use of their meanings in the context contributes to the memorization of new lexical units through associations, images and situations.
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Lee, Gunho. "Verb objectivity and source qualification: Comparison of quotation attributions in offline and online newspapers." Journalism 18, no. 7 (2016): 890–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464884916636175.
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This study explored the use of quotations in offline (the New York Times and the Wall Street Journal) and online ( Huffington Post and Newsmax) newspapers in terms of verb objectivity and source qualification (transparency and credibility). Individual analyses showed offline papers relatively focused more on verb objectivity, whereas online papers concentrated on source qualification. On analyzing verbs and sources together, the study found better journalistic performance in online papers. While offline papers employed verb objectivity as a sole standard for desirable quotation usage, online papers utilized source qualification and verb objectivity as leverages. More transparent-credible sources outnumbered less transparent-credible sources and objective verbs outnumbered unobjective verbs in online papers, but offline papers only had more objective than unobjective verbs and ignored desirable source use.
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Nguyễn Thị Thu Hương and Nguyễn Duy Dũng. "LINGUISTIC AND DIDACTIC APPROACHES TO LEARNING VERB ASPECTS IN RUSSIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE LESSONS." Tạp chí Khoa học Ngoại ngữ, no. 79 (April 2, 2025): 113–21. https://doi.org/10.56844/tckhnn.79.838.
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This article analyzes the linguistic aspects related to teaching perfective and imperfective verb aspects in Russian as a foreign language instruction. Mastery of grammar and a clear understanding of the distinctions between these two verb aspects play a crucial role in learning Russian. For foreign learners, using correct verb aspects is a fundamental grammatical requirement, yet one of the greatest challenges due to its semantic subtleties and contextual implications. Errors in verb aspect usage can lead to misunderstandings in communication, which poses significant obstacles to language learning. This study identifies the difficulties learners face in distinguishing and correctly using verb aspects and proposes effective teaching methods and practice exercises to enhance their acquisition. The application of these methods not only improves learners' grammatical competence but also strengthens their use of Russian verbs. This study provides insights for instructors in designing language exercises that optimize practical application, enhance verb usage, and facilitate the integration of linguistic knowledge.
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Wild, Kate. "Phrasal verbs: ‘a process of the common, relatively uneducated, mind’?" English Today 27, no. 4 (2011): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026607841100054x.
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If you look through a modern guide to English usage, you will probably find that it has something to say about phrasal verbs. It might be a warning not to use certain phrasal verbs in certain contexts. For example, Allen (2005: 181–90) offers a table of ‘more formal alternatives to those phrasal verbs that can sometimes be too informal for writing’, with suggestions for replacing sum up with conclude and step down with resign, among others. In many cases, it will be a warning about phrasal verbs where the adverbial particle adds little semantic content to the verb: The Chicago Manual of Style advises writers to ‘avoid the phrasal verb if the verb alone conveys essentially the same meaning – e.g. rest up is equivalent to rest’ (2003: 174). It might attribute such usages to American English, as in Evans' (2000: 54–5) comment that phrasal verbs such as win out, stop off and check up on, which ‘grow like toadstools’, are ‘American parasites’. It might be a positive comment, such as Bryson's note that phrasal verbs are ‘one of the most versatile features of English’, but if so, it will probably be qualified: Bryson adds that in many cases the added particles ‘are merely a sign of careless writing’ (Bryson, 2002: 156–7). What is it about phrasal verbs that provokes such comments? By examining grammars, usage books, dictionaries and other materials since the eighteenth century, I will discuss changing attitudes towards phrasal verbs and how they fit into the context of broader opinions about language.
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Novozhilova, E. "Verbs with the meaning of falling in Korean." Acta Linguistica Petropolitana XVI, no. 1 (2020): 997–1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30842/alp2306573716131.
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The article discusses the semantic field of the verbs of falling in Korean language. Semantics of the fi eld of falling is investigated by using frame-based methodology of Moscow Lexical Typology group that is widely used for analysis of different semantic fi elds. In the article theoretical background is shortly discussed, necessary terms are presented (frame, domain etc.), and then semantic fi eld of falling in Korean is investigated. It is shown that the choice of the verb of falling depends on several features of the falling object and situation on the whole (type of falling: falling from above vs. loss of vertical orientation vs. crashing down vs. detachment, starting and ending point, reason of falling etc.). In Korean there is one dominant verb tteleci-ta that can be used in the majority of situations with some exceptions. However, we have found eleven other specifi c lexemes — their usage is limited by the type of falling. The wideness of the usage diff ers from verb to verb, but there is no verb that would cross the frame borders: every lexeme covers a whole frame, its part, or a combination of frames, but not a set of parts related to diff erent frames. We describe the meaning of each verb in terms of frames (or subframes) that they cover and provide examples. In our analysis, we rely on the set of frames that was developed beforehand by Moscow Lexical Typology group based on cross-linguistic data. Our Korean data were collected with the help of a context-based questionnaire: native Korean speakers were asked to translate sentences representing various situations of falling from Russian or English to Korean using the verb that suits the best the situation and providing synonyms for the verb in this context. In conclusive remarks we present an overview of metaphorical usages of the verbs of falling, and compare the semantic shifts to those found in other languages.
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BROOKS, PATRICIA J., and OTTO ZIZAK. "Does preemption help children learn verb transitivity?" Journal of Child Language 29, no. 4 (2002): 759–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000902005287.
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Children's acquisition of the transitivity status of novel verbs was examined to test whether preemption helps children learn to avoid non-conventional uses of verbs. Given that many English verbs alternate between transitive and intransitive usage (e.g. break, roll), how do children learn the fixed transitive status of verbs such as hit or the fixed intransitive status of verbs such as fall? 48 four-year-olds and 48 six- and seven-year-olds learned two novel verbs, with one verb modelled as transitive and the other as intransitive. Exposure conditions varied the occurrence and type of preemptive evidence potentially facilitating learning of the verbs' transitivity status. In comparison to a No Preemption group, only six- to seven-year-olds exposed to novel verbs in alternative constructions (that allowed them to talk about the actions from the perspective of the agent or patient without changing the verbs' assigned transitivity) produced fewer utterances violating the verbs' fixed transitivity. The results identify limits in children's usage of indirect negative evidence in acquiring verb argument structure constructions.
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Kamluejirachai, Pakpinun, and Nutprapha Dennis. "A STUDY OF VERB USED IN AN ENGLISH NEWS ONLINE WEBSITE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 3 (2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i3.2016.2781.
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The purpose of this independent study was to analyze the verbs used in an English learning website, BreakingNewsEnglish.com. The sample for the study consisted 40 news selected by simple random sampling. This case study analyzed two aspects of verb usage: transitive verb and intransitive verb. The conclusion based on the results as follows: 1) The transitive verb in the base form was used most frequently (40.41%) while present participle form was used the least frequently (6.79%). 2) The intransitive verb in the base form occurred most frequently (7.13%) whereas the verb in present participle form were used only (2.21%). In conclusion, in Breaking news used transitive verb more than intransitive verb all types, the most of percentages was transitive verb with 40.41% and the lowest percentages was intransitive verb in present participle with 2.21%. BreakingNewsEnglish.com refers to events that are currently developing and are unexpected, the base form of transitive verbs helpful instructions for users on the site are extremely basic, clear and simple instruction usually seem to be a good indication of thoughtful.
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Pakpinun, Kamluejirachai, and K. Dennis Nutprapha. "A STUDY OF VERB USED IN AN ENGLISH NEWS ONLINE WEBSITE." International Journal of Research – Granthaalayah 4, no. 3 (2017): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.846730.
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The purpose of this independent study was to analyze the verbs used in an English learning website, BreakingNewsEnglish.com. The sample for the study consisted 40 news selected by simple random sampling. This case study analyzed two aspects of verb usage: transitive verb and intransitive verb. The conclusion based on the results as follows: 1) The transitive verb in the base form was used most frequently (40.41%) while present participle form was used the least frequently (6.79%). 2) The intransitive verb in the base form occurred most frequently (7.13%) whereas the verb in present participle form were used only (2.21%). In conclusion, in Breaking news used transitive verb more than intransitive verb all types, the most of percentages was transitive verb with 40.41% and the lowest percentages was intransitive verb in present participle with 2.21%. BreakingNewsEnglish.com refers to events that are currently developing and are unexpected, the base form of transitive verbs helpful instructions for users on the site are extremely basic, clear and simple instruction usually seem to be a good indication of thoughtful.
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Oktavianti, Ikmi Nur, and Asmad Adnan. "A corpus study of verbs in opinion articles of The Jakarta Post and the relation with text characteristics." English Language Teaching Educational Journal 3, no. 2 (2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/eltej.v3i2.2158.
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As one of the text categories, opinion texts have distinctive characteristics compared to any other texts in newspapers, including the choice of verb usage. This study then aims at preliminarily examining the verbs used in opinion articles in The Jakarta Post to find out the relation between frequency and text characteristics. This study collected the opinion articles of The Jakarta Post comprising 47.143 words. This study was assisted by Lancsbox to store the corpus of opinion section texts, to identify the verb lemmas, and to count the frequency of verbs. The verbs found in this study were then classified based on Scheibman’s main verb classification (which is based on Halliday’s and Dixon’s verb types). The results of the study show that there are three most frequent verb types used in opinion texts in The Jakarta Post; they are material, verbal, and feeling verb types. Meanwhile, the lesser frequent ones are perception, possessive/relational, relational, and cognition verbs types. Meanwhile, the least frequent verb types are existential, corporeal and perception/relational verbs types. As opinion text conveys the argument of the writer, it is plausible to find feeling verb type belongs to the third most frequent types, along with material type to show concrete actions and verbal type to report the information. These frequencies exhibit that there is a firm relationship between text characteristics and the tendency of verb choice.
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Ronan, Patricia, and Gerold Schneider. "Determining light verb constructions in contemporary British and Irish English." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 20, no. 3 (2015): 326–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.20.3.03ron.
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This study implements an automated parser-based approach to the investigation of light verb constructions. The database consisting of ICE-GB and ICE-IRE is used to obtain qualitative and quantitative results on the use of light verb structures. The study explains and evaluates the steps employed to optimize parser output in detecting open lists of light verb constructions. It discusses the qualitative usage differences of these structures in the data between the two varieties and finds that ICE-GB favours fewer high frequency light verbs while ICE-IRE contains more diverse lower frequency light verbs and more passives. Overall, counts of light verb constructions are considerably higher than previously assumed. The projected counts suggest that attestations of light verb constructions will increase considerably if the search is not restricted to certain high-frequency light verbs as is typically done in studies employing manual or semi-automatic approaches to data collection.
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Ilc, Gašper. "No Can Do Modal Verbs." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 5, no. 1-2 (2008): 9–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.5.1-2.9-21.
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The paper presents the systems of modal verbs in Slovene and English, and it focuses on comprehension and usage problems that advanced students of English may have when dealing with modal verb constructions. The paper identifies the key factors that give rise to various problems, such as in-vacuo vs. in-context treatment of modal verbs and absolute vs. relative temporal relations. It is argued that most students fail to fully understand contextualised modal verb constructions mostly due to the polysemy of modal verbs as well as their relative tense value. This is particularly the case when a (narrative) text containing modal verb constructions has a past time reference, and combines different narrative techniques.
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Smith, Melissa A. "Everyday talk informs toddlers’ novel verb generalizations." First Language 31, no. 4 (2011): 404–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142723711399369.
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This study explores the effects of discourse context on a child’s ability to generalize transitively trained novel verbs in an experimental setting and the ability to diversely use intransitive constructions in everyday talk. Two- and three-year-olds participated in novel verb training and play sessions. An effect of discourse context was found; novel verbs were used most often in training, rather than elicitation. Thirty percent of the children generalized a transitively trained novel verb to an intransitive construction. The generalizing children differed from non-generalizers in the proportion with which they used familiar intransitive verbs diversely during play. Thus, the process through which children come to generalize verbs may be influenced by their everyday verb usage on a construction by construction basis.
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Hunston, Susan. "A corpus study of some English verbs of attribution." Functions of Language 2, no. 2 (1995): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/fol.2.2.02hun.
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With some verbs of attribution, a typical usage can be identified which indicates a particular evaluation. This typical usage can be exploited to implicate evaluation in non-typical cases, a phenomenon which is analogous to that of semantic prosody. ACKNOWLEDGE and INSIST are examples of verbs of this type. With other verbs, there is no consistently typical usage but under specifiable discourse conditions the verb does typically carry a particular evaluation. This more restricted typicality may also be exploited. CLAIM and ARGUE are examples of verbs of this type.
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Mendoza, Jess, Cecilia Genuino, and Maria Elizabeth De Luna. "Verb Complementation in News Headlines by the Inner, Outer, and Expanding Circles." International Journal of Language and Literary Studies 1, no. 3 (2019): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v1i3.55.
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The English language has survived the pangs of giving birth to its variations commonly called as World Englishes. Though there are many “Englishes” in the globe today, they do have similarities and differences which are manifested in the different styles employed by writers around the world. In this regard, the study aimed to analyze the structure of verb phrases in news headlines of the different countries in Kachru’s three concentric circles leading to the identification of types of verbs used. This is done to give fresher ideas into the style of headline writing by understanding what types of verbs are used by the writers from the inner, outer, and expanding circles. Using Brinton, L and Brinton, D’s (2010) structure of verb complementation, the researchers analyzed five news headlines per circle which served as their corpus in identifying the complements present in the verb phrases. This, furthermore, led to the following results: a) inner and outer circles mostly use monotransitive verbs, b) outer circle is characterized by its use of copulative verbs, inner circle by its usage of intransitive verb, and the expanding circle by its usage of prepositional and ditransitive verbs c) expanding and inner circles use diprepositional verbs while outer circle does not, d) the expanding and outer circles both use complex transitive, e) the expanding circle exhibits the characteristics of both inner and outer circles, and f) the circles overlap each other.
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Shishkin, Valeriy. "Towards the usage of Figura Etymologica in the Septuagint." Tirosh. Jewish, Slavic & Oriental Studies 18 (2018): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3380.2018.18.1.1.
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In this article, the author deals with the question of how the Septuagint renders a Hebraic construction that contains the absolute infinitive and a finite verb. The author bases his considerations on E. Tov’s article “Renderings of Combinations of the Infinitive Absolute and Finite Verbs in the Septuagint — Their Nature and Distribution” that was published in “The Greek and Hebrew Bible. Collected Essays on the Septuagint”. It has been conducted a comparison between the groups indicated by E. Tov (there are six in the whole and two of them are used most of all, namely a finite verb with the participle and a finite verb with a noun) and a kind of figura etymologica, i. e. verb with object. Technically, LXX’s renderings are almost the same as the figura mentioned above. Comparing functions and meanings of the Hebraic and Greek constructions (i. e. figura etymologica), the author has made a conclusion that the way Hebraic constructions were rendered is not literal Hebraism as much as an appropriate possibility to translate correctly the essence of these constructions in Greek. Furthermore, the author compares places from the Greek prose and poetry with their counterparts in the LXX. It turns out that these are almost identical with the two main rendering types by means of which constructions with the infinitive absolute and a finite verb are translated. Apart from this, it finds out that behind Greek renderings lie not constructions with the infinitive absolute of Masoretic text, but combinations of a verbal form with an object, in addition in most cases they are created from/have different roots. The fact that the translators of the LXX found Greek equivalents surprisingly freely suggests again a thought about the consciousness of their choice and their knowledge of the Greek classical literature.
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MUSHERY, Huda Hasan. "USAGE OF THE TWO VERBS ( YE / IC ) IN TURKISH LANGUAGE." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 02 (2022): 324–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.16.22.
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This research paper studies the wide use of the two verbs: “lç -” and “Ye-”. It studies those two verbs basing on the novel “Arafat ta ir Cocuk” by (Zulfu LIVAN ELI) and the novel “Hasret” by (Canan TAN) to identify the usages of the verb. The reason for choosing those two novels because the novelists are considered very famous writers in the present day. Their writings are read widely by readers. The novel “Arafat ta ir Cocuk”, that is considered the first literary work by (Zulfu LIVAN ELI), has been published in 1978. It received a wide interest in Turkey and all over the world. It has been published in Turkey for several times and translated into German and Persian as well. The novel has been turned to be a movie in the German and Swedish TV. They took in consideration that the text written in the novel represents daily conversation language with a simple style. As for (Canan TAN) and her novel “Hasret”, is considered one of the best-selling novels and this why we decide to choose it for this study. I want in this study to show the wide use of the two verbs “lç -” and “Ye-”. The research paper consists of main sections. The first one studies the verb “Ye-” and the second studies the verb “lç -”. The final section studies the two verbs together. The sections are divided within according to the features meaning and pattern and the formalistic and usage features. The classification has been indexed in sections according to alphabetical letters and in the end of any form I mentioned abbreviation of product and the form that is taken from. I identify these expressions that widely contain the two verbs “lç -” and “Ye-” with a bold style following the procedures of the book of (Zeynep Korkmaz) entitled (Turkish Language Grammar) and Turkish Language Grammar book by (Tahsin Banguoglu). In the conclusion I divided the classification as well as what have been identified in the usages of the two verbs, the subject of the study.
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Pushchina, L. I. "DIFFICULT CASES IN USAGE OF RUSSIAN VERBS." Vestnik Bishkek state university af K Karasaev 3, no. 69 (2024): 55–62. https://doi.org/10.35254/bsu/2024.69.08.
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Modern studies on the Russian verbal system are notably significant. The methodological framework involved the analysis of verbal forms in Russian as a foreign language (RFL) textbooks. The study identified major morphological problem areas, such as historical stem alternations, nonstandard conjugation types, and irregular verbs. It highlights discrepancies between grammatical rules for forming aspectual pairs and their actual usage in speech, particularly in verbs related to sensory perception and emotional states. The practical outcome is a specialized dictionary-reference detailing complex verb usage, including conjugation, aspect, government, and functional features of verbal forms, to aid in teaching Russian as a foreign language.
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Felicia, Felicia. "Analisis Makna “Iiwake Suru” Dan “Benkai Suru” Dalam Website Surat Kabar Bahasa Jepang Asahi.Com." Lingua Cultura 5, no. 2 (2011): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/lc.v5i2.386.
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Verbs, particles, adjectives and conjunctions need to be understood well in learning Japanese. From a variety of verbs that exist, the author conducted an analysis of semantic field of the verbs "iiwake suru" and "benkai suru" which have the same meaning yet different usage. A literature review is applied in this study by taking data from a Japanese newspaper website asahi.com. The purpose of this study is to determine the function of the verb "suru iiwake" and "benkai suru" and to indentify when to use the verb "suru iiwake" and when to use the verb "suru benkai". After conducting ananalysis of three articles containing verb "suru iiwake" and three articles containing verb "suru benkai", the authors conclude that "iiwake suru" means both ‘argue’ and ‘do self-defense’. Besides, "iiwake suru" can be used in various types of articles. Meanwhile, "benkai suru" means both ‘do selfprotect’ and 'do self-defense'. In addition, "benkai suru" is used generally in law field especially those of related to court decision. "iwake" and "benkai" also have a similarity that is generally used with negative form.
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Umarova Dilafruz Razzakberdiyevna. "Teaching Phrasal Verbs in EFL Classes with HIIT Method." Texas Journal of Philology, Culture and History 28 (March 6, 2024): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.62480/tjpch.2024.vol28.pp15-17.
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This article explores the effectiveness of integrating the High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) method into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) classes for teaching phrasal verbs. The study investigates the impact of the HIIT approach on students' acquisition and usage of phrasal verbs, employing a mixedmethods research design. The findings indicate that the HIIT method enhances phrasal verb learning, leading to improved understanding, retention, and application of these challenging language components. The article concludes with implications for EFL educators seeking innovative approaches to enhance phrasal verb instruction.
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Choi, Bumyong. "Collostructional Analysis of Korean Auxiliary Verbs -e twu- and -e noh-." Korean Language in America 17, Special Issue 2012 (2012): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/42922365.
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ABSTRACT Focusing on the Korean auxiliary verb pair -e twu- and -e noh-, this study attempts to introduce a corpus analysis to detect the distinctiveness of two synonymous constructions. As the Korean verb twu- 'to put' and noh- 'to put' are considered synonymous, the corresponding auxiliary verb pair -e twu- and -e noh-also have been commonly assumed to be synonyms. In this study, the syntactic and semantic features of the Korean auxiliary verb pair -e twu- and -e noh are examined based on the actual usage in Korean corpus data. Using methods of distinctive collexeme analysis, two main questions are investigated: whether both auxiliary verbs can be used interchangeably as synonyms and what their distinctive features are. The results of the analysis provide three semantic groups of main verbs that attract to each auxiliary verb: verbs of preservation, cognitive activities and releasing for -e twu-; verbs of motion, dispersion and creation for -e noh-. Based on the semantic analysis of the co-occurred main verbs, this study argues that each auxiliary verb in question has its own distinctive semantic features; and that distinctive semantic features of main verbs are influential factors in choosing one particular auxiliary verb from two synonymous auxiliary verb constructions. This study also explored how the distinctive collexeme analysis could benefit to teaching two synonymous constructions and the potential of cognitive linguistic approaches on Korean language instructions. Based on the result of the case study, I suggested that the list of distinctive collexemes could provide a practical application in language instruction for the Korean auxiliary verb pair, which has similar semantic features.
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Choi, Bumyong. "Collostructional Analysis of Korean Auxiliary Verbs -e twu- and -e noh-." Korean Language in America 17, Special Issue 2012 (2012): 187–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/korelangamer.17.2012.0187.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT Focusing on the Korean auxiliary verb pair -e twu- and -e noh-, this study attempts to introduce a corpus analysis to detect the distinctiveness of two synonymous constructions. As the Korean verb twu- 'to put' and noh- 'to put' are considered synonymous, the corresponding auxiliary verb pair -e twu- and -e noh-also have been commonly assumed to be synonyms. In this study, the syntactic and semantic features of the Korean auxiliary verb pair -e twu- and -e noh are examined based on the actual usage in Korean corpus data. Using methods of distinctive collexeme analysis, two main questions are investigated: whether both auxiliary verbs can be used interchangeably as synonyms and what their distinctive features are. The results of the analysis provide three semantic groups of main verbs that attract to each auxiliary verb: verbs of preservation, cognitive activities and releasing for -e twu-; verbs of motion, dispersion and creation for -e noh-. Based on the semantic analysis of the co-occurred main verbs, this study argues that each auxiliary verb in question has its own distinctive semantic features; and that distinctive semantic features of main verbs are influential factors in choosing one particular auxiliary verb from two synonymous auxiliary verb constructions. This study also explored how the distinctive collexeme analysis could benefit to teaching two synonymous constructions and the potential of cognitive linguistic approaches on Korean language instructions. Based on the result of the case study, I suggested that the list of distinctive collexemes could provide a practical application in language instruction for the Korean auxiliary verb pair, which has similar semantic features.
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Mirmukhamedov, Osimjon T., and Bahodurjon P. Ashrapov. "Semantical peculiarities and level of usage of nominal compound verbs with non-active auxiliary verbs in “Ta`rikhi Bayhaqi” (The History of Bayhaqi) (based on the example of nominal archaic component)." Philological Sciences. Scientific Essays of Higher Education, no. 6 (November 2023): 68–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.20339/phs.6-23.068.
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The article dwells on the issue concerned with semantical peculiarities and level of usage of nominal compound verbs with non-active auxiliary verbs on the example of a nominal archaic component in the historical writing entitled as “Ta`rikhi Bayhaqi”. There is noted a large considerable number of nominal compound verbs used as auxiliary verbs in terms of their original meanings. It is worth mentioning that such kinds of verbs were used as nominal components consisting of the following items: nominal base of certain simple nominal verbs; nominal base of a number of causative forms; verbs formed from on base of the present tense of verbs by dint of suffixes; adjectives and verb adjectives, etc. Adducing the result of the analysis concerned with the theme explored one can come to the conclusion that the number of non-active auxiliary verbs is not less in terms of their usage. Some of them were active in verb-building appertaining to the Middle Persian language, but they lost this peculiarity in the new period of Tajik language development.
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Ginzburg, Mykhailo. "Terminological problems of sia-verbs usage in Ukrainian special texts." Terminological Bulletin, no. 4 (2017): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37919/2221-8807-2017-4-11.
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In next years, it is necessary to draft and adopt thousands of standards and other normative documents identical to the European ones. This makes it important to formulate and adopt clear and unambiguous rules for drafting these documents. These rules should fully meet the norms of the modern Ukrainian language. One of the problems is related to the usage rules for verbs with affixes -sia (hereinafter referred to as the sia-verbs), which represent about a third (33%) of the total number of Ukrainian verbs. The essence of the problem with these verbs is that under the influence of the Russian language sia-verbs are widely used in passive constructions, which, according to leading Ukrainian linguists, don’t meet the norms of the modern Ukrainian language. The problem with these verbs is that under the influence of the Russian language sia-verbs are still widely used in passive constructions, which, according to leading Ukrainian linguists, don’t meet the norms of the modern Ukrainian language. The purpose of this article is to suggest consistent terms and definitions of basic concepts, which are needed to draft these rules, and clear criteria that would allow clearly distinguish inherent Ukrainian constructions from intruded ones. In the article, the terms for denoting verbs with affixes –sia are analysed and the advantages of the term “sia-verb” over other terms are shown. The confusion behind the usage of the terms “process” and “action”, which are very important for the formulation of rules, is investigated. It is suggested to use the term “process” as a generic term denoting the categorical meaning of the verb as parts of speech, regardless of the specific lexical meanings of an individual verb, and to use the term “action” as specific term denoting the kind of process, which is generated and directly stimulated by a logical subject. It is noted that using these terms for denotation of other concepts is inappropriate, because it can lead to confusion. The difference is shown between the transitivity/intransitivity of a process as a semantic concept and the transitivity/intransitivity of verbs that name these processes. In semantics, the criterion of process transitivity is the direction of the process and its extension to a logical object other that the logical subject. Classification of verbs by transitivity is solely based on a formally morphological criterion associated with a grammatical object, which may or may not be required by the verb used in a certain meaning. Examples are given, which demonstrate that the semantic and grammatical approaches to transitivity do not always match. It is shown that for sia-verbs, the main and primary meaning is the reflexive one (broadly speaking, this is the meaning of an intransitive process, which is focused, looped within the realm of the logical subject that, at the same time, can be the logical object). There have been selected nine sub-meanings of the reflexive meaning, that convey different shades of reflexivety – from processes focused on the logical subject to the processes having a very wide general relation to it, including ones that convey permanent and defining intransitive possessive abilities (properties). The names for these sub-meanings present in the literature have been analyzed and a consistent system of Ukrainian terms is suggested for them. These terms are built based on a pattern, which, on the one hand, makes these specific concepts’ relation with the generic concept “reverse meaning” obvious thanks to the generic characteristic, and, on the other hand, explicitly shows the difference of every specific concept from other subordinate concepts via their delimiting characteristics. Five of these terms are generally accepted, one is chosen from the options available in the literature, but three more terms are suggested from the scratch to meet the requirement of being systematic. Thereby, the Ukrainian language naturally uses the sia-verb in the situations, where the speaker treats the process as intransitive one, i.e. there is no logical subject separated from the logical object. Therefore intransitivity / transitivity of processes is the criterion that makes it possible to distinguish inherent Ukrainian reflexive and impersonal constructions from intruded ones.
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Ellis, Nick C. "On-line processing of verb-argument constructions." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 14, no. 1 (2016): 105–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.14.1.05ell.
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Ellis, O’Donnell, and Römer (2014) used free-association tasks to investigate knowledge of Verb-Argument Constructions (VACs). They demonstrated that English speakers have independent implicit knowledge of (i) verb frequency in the VAC, (ii) VAC-verb contingency, and (iii) verb prototypicality in terms of centrality within the VAC semantic network. They concluded that VAC processing involves rich associations, tuned by verb type and token frequencies and their contingencies of usage, which interface syntax, lexis, and semantics. However, the tasks they used, where respondents had a minute to think of the verbs that fitted in VAC frames like ‘he __ across the….’, ‘it __ of the….’, etc., were quite conscious and explicit. The current experiments therefore investigate the effects of these factors in on-line processing for recognition and naming. Experiment 1 tested the recognition of VAC exemplars from very brief, masked, visual presentations. Recognition threshold was affected by overall verb frequency in the language, by the frequency with which verbs appear in the VAC, and by VAC-verb contingency (ΔPcw). Experiment 2 had participants successively name VAC arguments as quickly as possible: first the VAC and then the preposition. Preposition naming latency was a function of verb frequency in the VAC. We consider the implications for the representation and processing of VACs.
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Stefanov, Simeon. "I Didn’t Hear You: An Attempt at Explaining a Verb’s Colloquial Usage Through the Prism of Etymology." Journal of Bulgarian Language 71, PRIL (2024): 458–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.71.24.pr.30.
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The text attempts to explain the use of a verb in Bulgarian colloquial speech by examining the etymology of the corresponding common Slavic verb. On the basis of the registered forms in Slavic and the formal semantic parallels in more distant Indo-European languages, as well as what is known in science regarding the possible semantic evolution of the verbs for sense perception, an assumption is made as to what the considered meaning is due to.
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Stephany, Ursula, and Maria D. Voeikova. "Requests, Their Meanings and Aspectual Forms in Early Greek and Russian Child Language." Journal of Greek Linguistics 15, no. 1 (2015): 66–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15699846-01501002.
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Requests are among the three basic human communicative motives which emerge earliest in ontogeny. The imperative constitutes the prototypical linguistic verb form category for expressing direct requests. In both Modern Greek and Russian, this category is differentiated from other verb forms and most verbs distinguish between perfective and imperfective imperative forms. In the present paper, the perfective and imperfective imperative verb forms occurring in the early speech of a Greek and a Russian child and their mothers’ child-directed speech are studied with regard to their frequencies and functions. It will be shown that the perfective/imperfective contrast of imperative forms does not function alike in the two languages. The differences of imperative usage between the two mother-child dyads and the similarities within each of them may be taken as evidence that the children construct the grammatical distinctions of their language on the basis of usage.
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Bekreyeva, Yuliya. "Stereotype of a Profession in the Semantics of an English Conversed Verb." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 39 (2021): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2021.39.08.
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The present article takes a closer look at the semantics of verbs derived by conversion from nouns that denote a professional worker. The aim of the study is to reveal correlation of a conversed verb meaning with a stereotype of a profession. The analysis of lexicographic models of noun and verb meanings and agent-action constructions with a conversed verb in text fragments showed some relevant evidence of such correlation. Firstly, the actions assumed as typical for a profession are profiled by a conversed verb, while the verb is not restricted to a certain professional sphere in its usage. Secondly, the conversion pattern “agent → action” involves a metaphoric transference, as a professional worker named by a base noun is compared to a doer of the action denoted by a conversed verb. As a result, certain stereotypical characteristics related to the behavior of a doer are embedded in the implicational meaning of a conversed verb.
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Khademi, Moghaddam Mohsen, and Mousa Abdollahi. "THE USE OF THE VERB PRINIYAT (TO ACCEPT) IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND ITS EQUIVALENTS IN THE PERSIAN LANGUAGE." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series History and Philology 30, no. 3 (2020): 421–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9534-2020-30-3-421-427.
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The object of this paper is the Russian verb priniyat (to accept) which has a wide semantic potential and a wide range of commonly used features in the Russian language. The authors explore various aspects of this verb. At the beginning of the paper, the authors briefly present the etymology of this verb, provide various lexical classifications, restrictions in the use of personal forms of the verb priniyat (to accept), stable combinations and idioms with this verb in the Russian language, and the most common associations with it. Then they give equivalents of this verb in the Persian language. The data presented in the paper can contribute to the theory and practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the Persian language environment, primarily in mastering the verbal subsystem due to its connection with other verbs that in some meanings have similar usage.
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Miorelli, Luca, and Ewa Dąbrowska. "The development of morpho-syntactic productivity in Italian-speaking children." Language, Interaction and Acquisition 12, no. 2 (2021): 185–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lia.20004.mio.
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Abstract According to usage-based models of language acquisition, young children’s grammatical knowledge is best described in terms of lexically specific templates rather than abstract constructions. In this study, we tested the usage-based account by examining the acquisition of Italian, a language with relatively free word order and rich inflectional morphology. We exposed two groups of Italian-speaking children (aged 3;01 and 4;05) and adult controls to a nonce verb and to a familiar verb in an imperative construction. We then prompted production of those verbs in a different morphological form (past tense) and a different syntactic construction (transitive). While both child groups showed adult-like productivity with morphology, there were significant group differences in syntactic productivity.
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Komarova, Olga. "О некоторых трудностях перевода норвежских модальных глаголов на русский язык(On Some Difficulties in Translating Norwegian Modal Verbs to Russian)". Poljarnyj vestnik 7 (1 лютого 2004): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1333.
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The article deals with the translation of Norwegian modal verbs into Rus- sian. The difficulties are often due to different linguistic means of ex- pressing modality in these two languages. While the modal meaning of Norwegian modal verbs is adequately understood and rendered into Rus- sian with the help of modal adverbs, particles and adjectives, some diffi- culty arises in constructing the correct form of the copula verb быть in the Russian translation.The author points out certain aspects of Norwegian modal verb se- mantics and usage, in particular the multiplicity of their modal meanings as stated in Norwegian and Russian dictionaries, and shows that the right way to solve problems of translation into Russian lies in the analysis of both the grammatical and semantic structure of the Norwegian sentence. Mistakes can occur in taking one type of subordinate clause for another (e.g. condition vs. reason) or in neglecting specific cases of usage when the modal verb is used in certain types of clauses with a purely structural function, and as such is not translated into Russian.The article provides a potential learner of Russian with some practi- cal hints on the best way of translating the verbs skulle, ville and kunne in some specific contexts.
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Honcharova, Zhanna. "MORPHOLOGICAL DOMINANT OF IMPERATIVE VERB FORM IN LYRICS BY VASYL STUS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 68, no. 1 (2025): 44–49. https://doi.org/10.23856/6805.
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The article deals with the analysis of imperative verb form functioning in the lyric works by Vasyl Stus. This verb form has been identified as morphological dominant in the fragments of poetic works by the mentioned author. The basis for the formation of the morphological dominant of fragments in the lyrical works by Vasyl Stus is the poetic selection of the central imperative verb form, the second person singular. Mostly this imperative verb form reproduces the modal meaning of request, wish, and advice, which acquires additional semantics due to its localization in the text. The fact that the author regularly repeats imperative forms in various ways, emphasizing their semantics using the linguistic and stylistic techniques is highlighted. It is noted that the poet involves the imperative form of the same verb and of various verbs, representing different communicative situations. Author’s usage of imperative mood grammemes separately or accompanied with an address construction is pointed out. Address constructions when used together with imperative form of verbs significantly add to creating poetic sense and meaning.
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Borisenko, T., M. Tsinovaya, L. Tsapenko, and T. Sirotenko. "THE INFLUENCE OF COMPONENT SEMANTICS IN MODAL VERB CONSTRUCTIONS WITH THE MODAL VERBS OF “OBLIGATION” ON THEIR GRAMMATICAL AND STATISTICAL FEATURES (ON THE BASIS OF THE TECHNICAL DISCOURSE TEXTS)." PROBLEMS OF SEMANTICS, PRAGMATICS AND COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS, no. 33 (2018): 82–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2663-6530.2018.33.06.
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The article presents the study of Modal verb constructions with the modal verbs of “obligation” must, have to+ Inf., be to + Inf. functioning in the scientific and technical discourse texts. The material of the research are three technical text corpora, which belong to engineering fields scientifically and technically unrelated to each other – “Electrical Engineering (Energy Supply and Power Management)”, “Automotive Industry” and “Chemical Engineering” – and compiled on the basis of scientific journals of the United States and Great Britain. This allows to obtain the results that are supposedly of a universal nature and can be applied practically to any field of scientific discourse. The goal is to consider: firstly, which semantic groups of verbs (in different grammatical forms) are attached to a particular modal verb, i.e. the following interrelationship is defined: the semantics of a modal verb – semantics and form of a main verb (the second constituent of the modal construction); secondly, to what extent this interdependence affects the usage frequency of the various semantic groups of the main verbs that make up certain MVCs. The results of the research have demonstrated that in Modal verb constructions of this type functioning in the scientific technical discourse texts the predicative meaning of modal verbs is determinant for the semantic features of main verbs connecting to them (modal verbs). The main verb semantics in its turn influences on their (main verbs) grammatical and statistical characteristics. The modal verb must has the highest frequency of use in scientific texts. It gives imperative which underlines the author’s stability of position and faultlessness of the obtained and presented results. Have to + Inf. MVC is much less frequent and it is a result of the modal component semantics of this construction. Modal verb constructions where the modal verb is be to + Inf. are used by the authors of scientific articles quite rarely, which can be also explained by semantic peculiarities of the verb be to + Inf. In Modal verb constructions with the modal verbs of “obligation” must, have to+ Inf., be to + Inf. the passive voice is more preferable than active voice because in the scientific and technical discourse texts human activity does not manifest evidently since the authors should take second place and be present indirectly through their scientific achievements.
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Al Ahmad, Wajed, Raeda Ammari, Ahmad Tawalbeh, Murad Al Kayed, and Majd AbuShunar. "Semantic Distinctions in Cognitive Verb-Preposition Combinations: A Corpus-Based Analysis of Of and About." World Journal of English Language 15, no. 7 (2025): 321. https://doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v15n7p321.
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The current paper explores the semantic distinctions of cognitive verbs followed by the prepositions of and about through corpus methods, framed within Construal theory, backgrounded in Cognitive Grammar (Langacker, 1986). Construal theory suggests that meaning is shaped by how speakers conceptualize the world around them. The study examines how these verb-preposition combinations reflect different conceptualizations, where verb+ of encodes a more limited partitive construal meaning, while verb+ about signals broader and more holistic construal meanings. The analysis demonstrates that of is used for selective and abstract meanings (recalling and imagining ideas), whereas about implies a closer and more concrete involvement in a given situation. Through using frequency, dispersion, distributional, and collocation measures, the findings demonstrate that of and about systematically alter verb semantics, confirming the construal framework. Differences in frequency of use appear clearly in COCA and BNC, which might be due to regional preferences. Dispersion analysis shows think of/about are more common in spoken English. Know about is more frequent than know of, especially in spoken discourse. Genre analysis reveals different usage patterns in fiction, TV, and blog genres, expressing imaginative situations, feelings, and ideas. The study underscores the interplay between prepositional semantics and usage in context, offering insights for lexicography and theoretical semantics of verb-preposition interaction.
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Daina, Anete. "Par dažām verba formām Ērģemes izloksnē un tās apkaimē." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 24 (December 2, 2020): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2020.24.038.
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This article pays attention to the supine forms and future tense of the verb with a vowel -ī- between the root and future suffix, and to those 1st conjugation verbs that don’t have s, z, t, d at the end of the root (e.g., nākt, mirt, dzimt). These forms of sub-dialect of Ērģeme and its close area – Turna and Strenči – have been registered as sporadic, but recent observations of the usage of these forms make to review the materials once more, question informants, and focus more on these forms’ usage and distribution in a wider area, also comparing new findings with the materials from the Atlas of the Latvian Dialects. In the result, it was concluded that these verb forms are spread throughout the sub-dialects studied, especially the future tense of the verb with a vowel -ī- between the root and future suffix, and to those 1st conjugation verbs that don’t have s, z, t, d at the end of the root. Less often, the use of supine forms was registered, although speakers of the Ērģeme sub-dialect recognize that this form is not unusual and it is used.
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Herlina, Dewi, and Hendrokumoro Hendrokumoro. "Variasi dan Komponen Makna Verba Pewarta pada Korpus Berita Daring." Humanis 28, no. 1 (2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2024.v28.i01.p01.
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"Reporting verbs indicate a conversation (Romli, 2018:35). In news texts, reporting verbs are used intensively to provide information. This research focuses on the identification of variations, frequencies, and the analysis of meaning components as proposed by Nida (1975) regarding the usage of reporting verbs in online news corpus. This research uses a qualitative descriptive method with a lexical semantic approach. Data were obtained from news texts published by Kompas.com and Detik.com during August 8-10, 2023, with the theme 'Ferdy Sambo's Death Sentence Turned into Life Imprisonment.' Based on the research findings, 17 variations of reporting verbs were found in the news corpus, with the verb 'mengatakan' (to say) being the most dominant with a frequency of 83 occurrences. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of meaning components for the verbs 'mengatakan'(to say), 'menyatakan' (to state), 'menjelaskan' (to explain), and 'menyebut' (to mention), differences in usage were found through the differentiation of the meaning components of each reporting verb. This research is expected to contribute by highlighting the differences in meaning among synonymous verbs to demonstrate the diversity of the Indonesian language vocabulary.
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MOGI, Toshinobu. "Towards the Lexicographic Description of the Grammatical Behaviour of Japanese Loanwords: A Case Study." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 2, no. 2 (2012): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.2.2.21-34.
Full textAbstract:
The present papers offers a case study of a Japanese loanword verb, with the aim of contributing to corpus-based research on Japanese loanwords and of providing a foundation for the compilation of a dictionary of grammatical patterns of loanwords for learners of Japanese as a foreign language. The case study presents an analysis of actual usage of loanword suru-verbs in the large-scale Balanced Corpus of Contemporary Written Japanese, which is followed by a detailed analysis of all examples of the polysemous verb katto-suru. It is thereby shown how corpora can help in describing loanwords by matching a word’s meaning with its patterns of usage, and how such a description can be useful to learners of Japanese as a foreign language.
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Swarniti, Ni Wayan. "The Meaning of The Verb 'Destroy' in the Balinese Language: A Natural Semantic Meta Language Approach." Humanis 25, no. 3 (2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2021.v25.i03.p05.
Full textAbstract:
This research focused on the discussion about the analysis of the lexicon of the verb 'destroy' in the Balinese language. The data of this research are taken from some verbs in one meaning field with the verb 'destroy' which is found in the Balinese language. After the data collected, the data are analyzed based on the entities, the tools the manners which are related to the lexicons of the verb 'destroy'. Then, the findings of the research are presented descriptively. Based on the analysis, the lexicons in the Balinese language which have the same meaning field with the verb 'destroy' are Ngencakin, Ngremukin, Nguwugang, Menyahin, Nglidekin, Ngededekang, Ngeregreg, Nyakcakin, Nyetset, Mesbes, Ngincuk, and Ngenyagin. They are in the same meaning field but has different meaning based on the context of usage.
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Bodomo, Adams, and Hasiyatu Abubakari. "Serial verb reduplication in the Mabia languages of West Africa." Legon Journal of the Humanities 33, no. 2 (2022): 29–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ljh.v33i2.2.
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This paper introduces and discusses the notion of Serial Verb Reduplication (SVR) in two Mabia languages of West Africa, Dagaare and Kusaal. The authors show that the phenomenon of SVRs, though under-represented in the literature, has a wide scope occurrence in natural language usage within serializing languages. Theoretically, two lexical semantic notions: semantics of verbs (verb meaning) and pluraction, are advanced to explain the intricacies of the syntax and semantics of SVRs. The paper identifies two groups of SVRs: canonical SVRs and pluractional SVRs and proposes that semantically bleached verbs can only be reduplicated in pluractional benefactive and causative SVRs in these languages.
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Shagdurova, O. Yu. "On Verb Enantiosemy in Khakas." Altaistics, no. 4 (January 2, 2025): 54–62. https://doi.org/10.25587/2782-6627-2024-4-54-62.
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In the following article, we demonstrate usage and formation of contronyms using verb semantics as examples. Our purpose is to determine the main patterns of semantic development of polysemic verbs in Khakas on the basis of formation of opposite meanings in verb structures. We use a system of methods including description, interpretation, and classification of materials, as well as lexicographic methods, analysis of components and ф contextual analysis. Contronymic verbs are taken from dictionaries, literary fiction, mass media, folklore texts, as well as oral Khakas speech. We analyze around 100 polysemic verbs with contronymic meanings. The relevance of our study stems from the fact that Khakas enantiosemy has not yet been thoroughly researched; in particular, verb enantiosemy in Khakas (as well as Siberian Turkic languages in general) is described for the first time, ensuring the novelty of our project. We describe contronymic verbs, ways of formation of contronymy in polysemic verbs, semantic types of contronymic meanings, namely genus enantiosemy, contextual enantiosemy, enantiosemy of compatibility, and conversion enantiosemy. Our materials and research results may be used in textbooks on Khakas lexicology, in further studies of semantics, word structures, and theoretical issues of asymmetry of signs. We demonstrate that in Khakas, enantiosemy emerges as a result of various processes resulting in contronymic meanings within words.
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YEO, CHAI KIAT, WAI KONG LAM, and ING YANN SOON. "ENGLISH-JAPANESE MACHINE TRANSLATION: VERB-BASED NOUN CLASSIFICATION APPROACH." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 05, no. 04 (1996): 367–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213096000249.
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A new approach to machine translation, capable of resolving different meanings of a verb in sentences of varying context, is described. The design revolves around the Verb Usage Frame (VUF) and the Noun Classification Hierarchy (NCH). VUF contains different context items which embody the different semantic usages of a verb under different contexts. The meaning of the verb is resolved through the classifications of its subject and object, achieved through the NCH. NCH returns not just the basic classification of a noun but also its super-classification. This allows thorough semantic analysis of both the verb and the noun. The entire design is implemented using object-oriented techniques and a prototype English-Japanese machine translator is built to illustrate the merits of the design.
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Auziņa, Ieva. "Dažu konstrukciju bezpriedēkļa verbs + adverbs un priedēkļa verbs + adverbs lietojums latviešu valodā." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 26 (November 23, 2022): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2022.26.016.
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The research aims to study the constructions unprefixed verb + adverb and prefixed verb + adverb widely used in the colloquial speech, bliezt augšā – uzbliezt augšā, locīt iekšā – ielocīt iekšā, sist augšā – uzsist augšā, lauzties ārā – izlauzties ārā, their relations and usage in Latvian, and also the lexical meanings of verbs and adverbs involved in these constructions. Although constructions unprefixed verb + adverb and prefixed verb + adverb are reviewed in Latvian grammar books and other studies by analysing the verb expressing aspectuality, little attention has been paid to the constructions with a verb with figurative meaning and their relations. The descriptive, comparative, distributive, and transformative methods are used in the paper. The study found that, in the Latvian colloquial speech, constructions prefixed verb + adverb are used the same way as constructions unprefixed verb + adverb bliezt augšā, locīt iekšā, sist augšā, lauzties ārā, and the meaning of the prefix corresponds to the adverb. Several meanings have been found in these constructions in a certain context; in some cases, the meanings are opposite. It is concluded that these constructions are used in emotional, expressive utterances; these constructions make what is said emotional and vigorous.