Dissertations / Theses: 'Verbal arguments'

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Brines-Moya, Natalia. "Spanish clitics and argument reduction processes." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327091.

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Al, Zahre Nisrine. "La structure du groupe verbal en arabe : trois arguments empiriques en faveur d'une vision syntaxique de la structure argumentale." Paris 8, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA082389.

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Trois arguments empiriques tirés de l'arabe sont mis en œuvre dans cette thèse en faveur de la décomposition syntaxique du groupe verbal VP : les datifs dits 'possessifs', les objets internes --'Cognate Objects'-- et la formation de la 10ème forme verbale ; ces trois phénomènes partageant la propriété de n'être pas sémantiquement des arguments du prédicat verbal bien qu'ils manifestent un comportement morpho-syntaxique de type argumental. Ce comportement hybride trouve une explication satisfaisante si on postule que les constituants qui se projettent à l'intérieur de VP ne sont pas purement thématiques. Nous suggérons justement que le domaine VP contient plusieurs projections fonctionnelles --e. G. VP et NumP-- et des projections thématiques plus primitives que celles reconnues dans les traitements thématiques classiques, permettant de systématiser les gabarits verbaux en arabe
This dissertation investigates three empirical phenomena in Arabic: the so called 'possessive' datives, cognate objects and the tenth bynyan; It is shown that these three phenomena --which share the property of being non arguments of the verbal predicate despite the fact that they behave syntactically and morphologically as if they were -- require 'splitting' the VP domain into a vriety of functional projections --vP, NumP-- and more primitive lexical predicates (heads). The 'hybrid' behaviour of these entities can be explained if one adopts the view that the constituents merged inside VP need not be purely thematic. The 'splitting' of the VP suggested here allows for a more systematic analysis of the various bynians of Arabic

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Latchimy, Ingrid. "Justifier une prise de décision en situation de dilemme : Aspects cognitifs et émotionnels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3031.

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Rares sont les recherches qui ont analysé le contenu des justifications réalisées à l'issue d'un choix fait à un dilemme moral, choix aux conséquences toujours graves pour autrui. Plusieurs recherches ont montré que le jugement moral était largement intuitif et, de ce fait, était difficilement explicités par les individus. Pourtant, étudier le contenu de ces rationalisations après coup devrait permettre d'apporter des éléments nouveaux sur les relations entre les aspects cognitifs et émotionnels à l’œuvre lors d'une prise de décision moralement difficile. Aussi, le design expérimental de cette étude a consisté à demander à des adultes de fournir un jugement à la suite d'un dilemme personnel (Pont) ou impersonnel (Aiguillage) en expliquant les raisons de l'orientation de leur choix soit par oral, soit par écrit. Plusieurs observables, concernant la nature des arguments (déontologiques et utilitaristes) ainsi que le lexique (émotionnel et cognitif) utilisés, ont été mis au point. L'attente principale de cette thèse est de montrer que ce que disent des adultes à propos de leur choix est fortement dépendant de la nature du dilemme auquel ils étaient soumis, de leur jugement et des contraintes facilitatrices ou non de leur modalité d'expression. Autrement dit, le contenu de leur rationalisation après coup dépendrait largement des conditions dans lesquelles ils les ont produites
Few studies have analyzed the content of justifications made at the end of a choice facing a moral dilemma, although this choice causes serious consequence for others. Several studies have shown that moral judgments were largely intuitive and, therefore, were hardly explained by individuals. However, studying the content of these rationalizations afterthought is expected to provide new information on the relationships between cognitive and emotional aspects at work in a morally difficult decision. The experimental design of this study was to ask adults to provide a judgment on a personal (Bridge) or impersonal (Switch) dilemma explaining the reasons of the direction of their choice either by oral or in writing. Several observables were developed on the nature of the deontological and utilitarian arguments and the emotional and cognitive lexicon used. The main expectation of this thesis is to show that what adults say about their choice is highly dependent on the nature of the dilemma they were submitted to, on their judgment and on the constraints making their mode of expression more or less easier. In other words, the content of their post hoc rationalization would greatly depend on the conditions under which they were produced. More precisely, the content of justifications produced by 331 participants was analyzed with an analytical grid of the deontological and utilitarian arguments and with Tropes software, enabling two scenarios of automatic counting of the emotional lexicon (EMOTAIX) and cognitive lexicon (COGNITAIX). The results show that individuals do not only produce one kind of argument (utilitarian or deontological)

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Saxena, Shishir Rajan. "Linguistic and phenomenological theories of verbal cognition in Mīmāṃsā : a study of the arguments in Śālikanātha's Vākyārthamātṛkā-I and the response in Sucarita's Kāśikāṭīkā." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/289760.

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Mīmāṃsā thinkers propound an epistemology generally characterised as philosophical realism, and given their foundational resolve to disambiguating Vedic comprehension, a similar attitude is reflected in their speculations on the nature of language as well. Unlike some other schools of the Indian philosophical tradition, Mīmāṃsā philosophers admit the reality of words and word-meanings, which led them to formulate two theories whose aim is to explain comprehensively how the cognition of sentential meaning arises from uttered words. These two theories, abhihitānvaya and anvitābhidhāna, are advocated by Bhāṭṭa and Prābhākara Mīmāṃsakas respectively, and are considered as being the fundamental theories of sentential meaning that formed the basis for all classical Indian thinkers debating the nature of linguistic cognition. The Vākyārthamātṛkā-I (VM-I) of Śālikanāthamiśra (9th cent. CE) is considered to be the locus classicus for the presentation of anvitābhidhāna. Sucaritamiśra (10th cent. CE) was the first Bhāṭṭa Mīmāṃsaka to respond to Śālikanātha's criticisms, and he presents abhihitānvaya accordingly in his Kāśikāṭīkā on Kumārila's Ślokavārttika Vākyādhikaraṇa. Modern scholarship is scarce with regard to these two seminal texts, and I present a translation/paraphrase of the several levels of argumentation found in the VM-I. In contrast to the VM-I whose Sanskrit text is published, the Kāśikāṭīkā on the Vākyādhikaraṇa is yet unpublished and I present an annotated edition and translation of Sucarita's essay on vv.110cd-112ab, based on a study of two manuscripts. I endeavour in this thesis to present a philosophical, philological and historical study of these two works and thereby demonstrate the cogent linguistic and phenomenological arguments presented therein. I hope that this thesis may thus indicate some of the complexity and sophistication of the Indian philosophical debates on language, as well as aid in understanding the early history of the formulation of these influential doctrines.

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Costa, Jéssica Clementino da. "A estrutura argumental da língua Dâw." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-30092014-175441/.

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Esta dissertação descreve e analisa a estrutura argumental e as classes verbais da língua Dâw (família Nadahup, Amazonas). Estudamos os verbos dessa língua do ponto de vista semântico e sintático, identificando classes e subclasses de acordo com o comportamento morfossintático das raízes verbais. Além disso, avaliamos as hipóteses descritivas e explicativas das classes verbais identificadas por Martins (2004), primeira pesquisadora a abordar a morfossintaxe Dâw. Nosso arcabouço teórico é a teoria de estrutura argumental desenvolvida por Hale & Keyser (2002), que propõe uma análise da sintaxe e da semântica dos itens lexicais por meio da estrutura argumental sistema de relações estruturais estabelecidas entre o núcleo e seus argumentos, dentro de estruturas sintáticas projetadas pelo próprio núcleo. Por meio de testes linguísticos variados, incluindo alternância de valência e julgamento de (a)gramaticalidade, reclassificamos as nove classes verbais identificadas por Martins (2004) em três classes de acordo com a valência do verbo: classe dos verbos intransitivos, classe dos verbos transitivos e classe dos verbos bitransitivos. Martins (2004) afirma que, na sentença, os verbos podem mudar de tom devido à presença de um morfema tonal transitivizador ou intransitivizador. Contudo, mostramos neste trabalho que o sistema tonal da língua, no nível da sentença, é previsível. Desse modo, independentemente do processo de aumento de valência envolvido, percebemos que a mudança tonal dos verbos decorre devido ao fraseamento fonológico das sentenças. Quanto ao processo de transitivização, este identificou subclasses de verbos intransitivos: verbos alternantes e verbos nãoalternantes. As restrições de alternância devem-se à estrutura argumental de cada tipo verbal. No caso dos verbos intransitivos alternantes ou inacusativos, observamos que eles são formados a partir de estrutura diádica composta, que projeta um especificador interno e um complemento, o que lhe permite alternar entre uma forma intransitiva e transitiva. No caso dos verbos não-alternantes encontramos três padrões: verbos denominais e inergativos, formados a partir de uma estrutura argumental monádica (que não projeta especificador interno), o que impede a alternância; verbos inacusativos nãoalternantes, formados a partir de uma estrutura monádica que toma como complemento uma estrutura diádica básica verbos desse tipo não alternam, pois eles não são formados por uma estrutura diádica, mas contêm tal estrutura; e ve b s e jetiv is, formados a partir de uma cópula que toma como complemento um adjetivo. Uma vez que raiz e núcleo verbal possuem conteúdo fonológico pleno (não vazio), não é possível fazer conflation entre núcleo e raiz, o que impede que o predicado verbal seja formado. Essa estrutura explica a agramaticalidade desses verbos frente ao processo de transitivização automática. Também testamos a sintaxe e a semântica da intransitivização (construções incoativas, voz passiva, reflexiva e média). De modo geral, percebemos que não há morfologia específica para a construção de sentenças médias, incoativas ou anticausativas. Não existem passivas em Dâw; no lugar desta voz, os falantes produzem sentenças incoativas ou com o sujeito subespecificado. As sentenças reflexivas são geradas por meio de pronomes reflexivos na posição de objeto da sentença. Por fim, vimos que objetos diretos de sentenças transitivas são marcados pelo morfema {-uuy\'} analisados por nós como MDO. Sua aplicação está condicionada a restrições semânticas de definitude e animacidade
This thesis describes and analyzes the argument structure and verbal classes of the Dâw language (Nadahup family, Amazon). We studied the verbs of that language from the semantic and syntactic perspective, identifying classes and subclasses according to the morphosyntactic behavior of verbal roots. Furthermore, we evaluated the descriptive and explanatory hypotheses of verb classes identified by Martins (2004), the first researcher to address Dâw morphosyntax. Our theoretical framework is the theory of argument structure developed by Hale & Keyser (2002), which proposes an analysis of the syntax and semantics of lexical items by means of the argument structure the pattern of structural relations between the head and its arguments within syntactical structures projected by the head itself. Through various language tests, including verbal valency alternation and judgment of (a)grammaticality, we reclassified the nine verb classes identified by Martins (2004) into three classes according to the verbal valency: the classes of intransitive verbs, transitive verbs and bitransitive verbs. Martins (2004) states that, in the sentence, the verbs may change in tone due to the presence of a transitivizing or intransitivizing tonal morpheme. However, we show in this paper that the tonal system of the language is predictable at the sentence level. Thus, regardless of the valency-increasing process involved, we realized that the tonal change of verbs arises due to the phonological phrasing of sentences. Regarding the transitivization process, subclasses of intransitive verbs were identified: alternating and non-alternating verbs. The restrictions on alternation are due to the argument structure of each verb type. In the case of unaccusative or alternating intransitive verbs, we observed that they are formed from a composite dyadic structure, projecting an internal specifier and a complement, which allows them to switch between intransitive and transitive forms. In the case of non-alternating verbs we found three patterns: denominal and unergative verbs, based on a monadic argument structure (that does not project internal specifier) that prevents alternation; non-alternating unaccusative verbs based on a monadic structure that takes a basic dyadic structure as a complement verbs of this type do not alternate because they are not formed by a dyadic structure, but contain such a structure n e jectiv l ve bs, f me f m c p l ve b th t t kes n jective s complement. Since the root and verbal head have full (non-empty) phonological content, no conflation is possible between head and root, which prevents the formation of the verbal predicate. This structure explains the agrammaticality of these verbs with regard to the automatic transitivization process. We also tested the syntax and semantics of intransitivization (inchoative constructions, passive, reflexive and middle voices). In general, we found that there is no specific morphology for constructing middle, inchoative or anticausative sentences. There are no passives in Dâw; in place of this voice, the speakers form sentences that are inchoative or have a subspecified subject. Reflexive sentences are created using reflexive pronouns in the position of the object of the sentence. Finally, we found that direct objects of transitive sentences are marked by the {-uuy\'} morpheme analyzed by us as DOM. Its use is subject to semantic constraints of definiteness and animacy

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Moretti, Fabiana Cristina Baldim Lopes. "Os verbos de transferência/movimento no PB e a expressão do objeto indireto. Revisitando a noção de estrutura argumental à luz da morfologia distribuída." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-14062011-143152/.

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Os verbos que expressam eventos de transferência/movimento no PB são formados a partir de Raízes que envolvem, em sua semântica, um agente, um elemento transferido/movido e um recebedor/alvo. Geralmente, esses verbos formam construções sintáticas ditransitivas, em que o agente é expresso por meio do sujeito, o elemento transferido/movido por meio de um objeto direto e o recebedor/alvo por meio de um objeto indireto. Nesses contextos sintáticos, o objeto indireto tem suscitado, na literatura pertinente, algumas discussões sobre sua natureza, como: argumento ou adjunto, e, ainda, complemento dativo ou complemento oblíquo. Essas discussões demonstram a indefinição do estatuto sintático-semântico desse elemento para as teorias linguísticas. Entendemos que essas discussões estão ligadas à concepção de estrutura da gramática assumida pelos diferentes pesquisadores e, também, ao modo como estes entendem que as noções de estrutura argumental e de estrutura sintática interagem dentro dessa concepção. Em outras palavras, o debate surge, pois, na caracterização da relação gramatical do objeto indireto com o verbo, é fundamental que o pesquisador disponha de uma teoria da estrutura argumental que lhe permita estabelecer o mapeamento e o licenciamento dos argumentos na sintaxe. Assumimos, neste trabalho, a estrutura da gramática tal como esta é concebida pela Morfologia Distribuída (Distribuited Morphology, doravante, DM) (Halle & Marantz 1993). Segundo a DM, os morfemas são constituídos por traços sintáticosemânticos disponibilizados pela Gramática Universal. Os verbos consistem de morfemas-l (Raízes) em determinadas relações estruturais com morfemas-f, licenciadores de estruturas sintáticas de natureza verbal. Não pressupondo um mapeamento determinístico das propriedades semânticas das Raízes na sintaxe, a DM consegue explicar a possibilidade de um mesmo verbo ocorrer em mais de uma estrutura sintática, sem precisar recorrer, por exemplo, a duas entradas lexicais para esse mesmo verbo. Dessa forma, constitui-se em um modelo mais vantajoso para explicar fenômenos relacionados à estrutura argumental e à realização de argumentos do que modelos baseados na entrada lexical, o que justifica nossa opção teórica. Além disso, essa teoria nos permite participar das discussões mencionadas acima sobre o objeto indireto. Assumimos que esse elemento tem o estatuto de argumento dos verbos de transferência/movimento (VT/M) no PB, sendo um complemento dativo. Pressupostos como a inserção tardia de fonologia em Spell-Out (uma operação póssintática) e a subespecificação do item de vocabulário, assinaladas pela DM, dão conta de explicar os casos em que o objeto indireto não é realizado fonologicamente, ocorrendo na estrutura sintática como um argumento nulo anafórico ou como um argumento implícito sem referência anafórica, bem como os casos em que esse elemento não ocorre na estrutura sintática derivada pelo verbo dar.
Verbs which express transfer/motion events in Brazilian Portuguese are formed by Roots that involve, in their semantics, an agent, a transferred/motioned element and a receiver/goal. In general, these verbs form ditransitive syntactic constructions, in which the agent is expressed through the subject, the transferred/motioned element through de direct object and the receiver/goal through the indirect object. In these syntactic contexts, the indirect object has aroused, in the relevant literature, some discussions about its nature: argument or adjunct, and, yet, dative complement or oblique complement. These discussions show the indefinition of the syntactic-semantic status of this element inside linguistic theories. We understand that these discussions are connected to the conception of grammar structure assumed by the different researchers, and, also, to the way they understand argument structure and syntactic structure interact inside this conception. In other words, the debate arises for, in the characterization of the grammatical relation of the indirect object with the verb, it is crucial that the researcher has an argument structure theory that allows him to establish the arguments mapping and licensing in syntax. In this research, we assume the Distributed Morphologys (DM) (Halle & Marantz 1993) grammar structure. According to DM, morphemes consist of syntacticsemantic features supplied by the Universal Grammar. Verbs consist of l-morphemes (Roots) in specific structural relations with f-morphemes, which license verbal syntactic structures. Since DM does not presupposes a deterministic Roots semantic properties mapping in syntax, it gets to explain how is it possible that one verb occur in more than one syntactic structure, without needing to appeal to two lexical entries for this same verb, for example. Thus, DM is a more advantageous model to explain argument structure and argument realization related phenomenon than lexical entry based models, what justifies our theoretical choice. Furthermore, this theory allows us to take part in the discussions listed above about the indirect object. We assume that this element is an argument of the transfer/motion verbs in Brazilian Portuguese and that it is a dative complement. Assumptions like phonology late insertion in Spell-Out (a pos-syntactic operation) and vocabulary item specification, pointed out by DM, get to explain the cases in which the indirect object is not phonologically realized, and occur in the syntactic structure as an anaphoric null argument, or as an implicit argument, without anaphoric reference. Besides that, these theoretical resources also get to explain the cases in which this element does not occur in the syntactic structure derived by the verb give.

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Turki, Lamia. "Etude lexicologique du livre des animaux d'Al-Jahiz." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2054.

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Cette thèse a pour objet une étude lexicologique du Livre des animaux d’al-Gâhiz, dans une perspective diachroniques visant à tracer l’évolution du lexique verbale de l’arabe. Nous avons adopté pour cette étude une approche comparative entre deux états de langue, l’arabe médiéval représentée par le livre des animaux et l’arabe moderne représentée par Arabic-corpus. Nous avons, dans le cadre de cette thèse, ciblé notre étude sur les lexèmes verbaux, ils représentent en effet des unités lexicales éminemment relationnelles, nous avons démontré leurs comportements variationnels de polysémie, aussi bien en synchronie qu’en diachronie. Le sémantisme des verbes est déterminé par des facteurs sémantico- syntaxiques, relationnels acquérant de la valeur différentielle selon la construction.Nous avons adopté un cadre théorique varié mais basé essentiellement sur la théorie des tropes (métaphore, métonymie), ainsi que sur le Schéma d’arguments élaboré par (J. Dichy : 1999-2000). Nous avons étudié les verbes dans un contexte minimal qui est la phrase ; chaque construction contenant un lexème verbal est analysé dans un schéma d’arguments. Ceci consiste à préciser les environnements possibles pour chaque mot, en spécifiant les constructions syntaxiques et en indiquant la nature sémantique des environnements à travers les traits spécificateurs. Dans cette perspective, la structure argumentale s’est avérée être un outil aussi cohérent qu’efficace; l’organisation syntaxique met en évidence le fonctionnement du verbe, laissant entrevoir les rôles joués par les divers éléments qui gravitent autour de lui. La systématique développée selon ce qui a été décrit nous permettra de modéliser non seulement le rapport entre constructions verbales coexistant en synchronie dénommée par Heine (2002) «phase de coexistence synchronique», mais encore la création diachronique d’une construction à partir d’une autre qui existait déjà auparavant. Nous illustrons les implications d’une telle approche sur la base des changements qu’ont subis en diachronie les verbes étudiés, l’objectif étant de démontrer comment interagissent les changements de constructions d’un verbe en particulier dans la création du sens. Ainsi que de souligner les régularités dans le changement du lexique verbal arabe. L’étude des variations lexicales ou morphosyntaxiques dans les textes étudiés, nous permet d’apprécier les régularités qui relèvent en propre du commun de la langue de l’époque médiévale, de la langue moderne, et d’autres régularités qui relèvent quant à elles de l’individuel. Dans une perspective visant en second lieu, à cerner quelques aspects du langage d’al-Gâhiz et de rendre compte de sa dynamique créative
This thesis concerns a lexical study of the Book of animals Al-Gâhiz in a diachronic perspective to trace the evolution of the verbal lexicon of Arabic. We adopted for this study a comparative approach between two states of language, Arabic medieval represented by the book of the animals and the modern Arab represented by Arabic-corpus.We, as part of this thesis focused our study on the verbal lexemes, they are indeed eminently relational lexical units, we have demonstrated their variational behavior of multiple meanings, both in synchrony in diachrony. The semantics of verbs is determined by syntactic sémantico-factors, relational acquiring the differential value according to construction.We have adopted a varied but essentially theoretical framework based on the theory of tropes (metaphor, metonymy), as well as the diagram of arguments developed by (J. Dichy: 1999-2000). We studied the verbs in a minimal context that is the sentence; each building containing a verbal lexeme is analyzed in a pattern of arguments. This is to clarify the possible environments for each word, specifying the syntactic constructions and indicating the semantic environments through specifiers traits. In this perspective, the argument structure has proven to be as consistent as effective tool; the syntactic organization highlights how the verb, suggesting the roles of the various elements that revolve around it. Systematic developed according to what has been described allow us to model not only the relationship between verbal constructions coexisting in synchrony called by Heine (2002) "synchronic coexistence phase" but also diachronic creation of a building from a one that already existed.We illustrate the implications of such an approach based on the changes that have suffered diachronic studied verbs, the objective being to demonstrate how buildings interact changes a verb especially in the creation of meaning. And to highlight the regularities in the change of the Arab verbal lexicon. The study of lexical or morphosyntactic variations in the texts studied, allows us to appreciate the patterns that fall in own common language of medieval, modern language, and other patterns which fall on them of the individual. In a perspective for second, to identify some aspects of language al-Gâhiz and realize its creative dynamic

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Sabbagh, Joseph. "Non-verbal argument structure : evidence from Tagalog." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33712.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 211-220).
This dissertation examines the syntax and argument structure of non-verbal predicates (focusing primarily on adjectives) in Tagalog. Drawing on evidence from a variety of construction types (including Comparative, Existential, and Ellipsis constructions among others), I argue against the claim that adjectives differ from verbs in their ability to project an internal theme argument (Pesetsky 1982; Borer 1984, 1991; Levin and Rappaport 1986; Baker 2003; among others). More generally, I argue that evidence about the argument structure of non-verbal predicates offers a more general argument against strong decompositional views of argument in which both external and internal arguments are 'severed' from the predicate.
by Joseph A. Sabbagh.
Ph.D.

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Bassani, Indaiá de Santana. "Formação e interpretação dos verbos denominais do português do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-23112009-144713/.

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Em uma visão etimológica, o Verbo Denominal (VD) é aquele verbo que surgiu historicamente a partir de uma base nominal. Os dicionários consideram que um verbo é denominal quando sua forma nominal cognata tem uma datação anterior nos registros da língua. Há, dessa forma, duas maneiras de tratar a relação entre nome e verbo: em uma perspectiva sincrônica ou diacrônica. Como há certa mistura no tratamento do fenômeno, faz-se necessária uma distinção entre critérios etimológicos e sincrônicos para a determinação do que é um verbo denominal. No presente trabalho, buscamos encontrar critérios formais e sincrônicos para saber quais verbos diacronicamente considerados como denominais podem também ser assim considerados em uma análise sincrônica de formação das palavras e em quais casos há razões comprovadas para propor o abandono do rótulo denominal. Partimos de uma amostra de 4.548 verbos etimologicamente denominais do português, retirados do Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, e a restringimos por critérios de frequência a 95 verbos, que constituíram de fato o objeto de análise do estudo. Submetemos todos os verbos a testes estruturais de formação de sentenças sugeridos por Kyparsky (1987), Hale & Keyser (2002) e Arad (2003), a saber: Alternância Causativo-incoativo (Teste1); Alternância Média (Teste 2); Presença de Expressão Perifrástica (Teste 3); Presença de Objeto Cognato (Teste 4); Presença de Adjunto Cognato (Teste 5); Presença de Adjuntos Hipônimos e Hiperônimos (Teste 6). As sentenças foram submetidas a julgamento de 40 falantes nativos de português brasileiro. Os resultados apontaram para uma heterogeneidade no comportamento da classe geral dos VDs. Em suma, há um grupo para os quais os testes indicam uma etapa nominal (gramaticalidade para testes 3,(4),5 e 6) e um outro grupo para os quais os testes não indicam a presença de uma etapa nominal na formação (agramaticalidade para testes 3,5 e 6). Há verbos que participam e não participam de alternâncias (gramaticalidade e agramaticalidade para testes 1 e 2) e, por fim, há um grupo de verbos em que uma acepção remete a uma etapa nominal e outra acepção remete a ausência de etapa nominal. Após observar alternativas de análise em teorias lexicalistas de regras de formação de palavras (Basílio, 1993) e sintaxe-lexical (Hale & Keyser, 2002), conseguimos diferenciar estruturas com uma etapa nominal (denominais) de estruturas derivadas diretamente da raiz com base nos pressupostos da teoria da Morfologia Distribuída (Halle & Marantz, 1993; Harley & Noyer, 1999), mais especificamente Arad (2003), Marantz (2008) e Harley (2005). Conseguimos representar estruturalmente os diferentes tipos de (supostos) VDs no que se refere ao seu comportamento sintático e sua relação semântica com os (supostos) nomes formadores. Em primeiro lugar, tratamos dois grandes grupos: o primeiro contém os verbos que são formados a partir da categorização de uma raiz por um nome (n) e, em seguida, por um verbo (v) (estruturas denominais sincrônicas) e o segundo por verbos que são formados pela categorização direta de uma raiz () por um verbo (v) (estruturas não-denominais). No primeiro grupo, o dos denominais, observamos diferenças no comportamento sintático e sugerimos para eles diferentes tipos de estruturas: de alternância, de não-alternância e location/locatum. Em seguida, discutimos dois tipos de fenômenos que culminam na formação tanto de verbos denominais quanto de verbos derivados diretamente da raiz para aqueles que parecem, em princípio, tratar-se de um só verbo (verbos com estruturas denominais e estruturas de maneira e Mesmo verbo com comportamentos opostos). Por fim, a maior contribuição teórica deste trabalho está em que avançamos no esclarecimento da diferença entre uma formação sincrônica e diacrônica de palavras, mostrando que nem sempre a explicação histórica é a única possível.
From an etymologycal point of view, the Denominal Verb is the one that derives historically from a nominal base. Dictionaries consider a verb as denominal when its cognate nominal form is older than the verbal one in language records. Thus, there are two ways of treating what is called denominal verb, regarding the relation between the noun and the verb: from a synchronic or from a dyachronic perspective. Since the description of this class is rather misleading, it is necessary to make a distinction between etymological and synchronic criteria in the definition of what a denominal verb is. For these reasons, the aim of this work is i) to find out synchronic and formal criteria to know which denominal verbs, from a diachronic point of view, can also be considered as such under a synchronic analysis of word formation and ii) in which cases can real reasons be found for the abandonment of the label denominal. We started from a sample of 4.548 etymologically denominal verbs in Portuguese, collected from Dicionário Houaiss da Língua Portuguesa, and, due to a frequency criteria, we reduced it to 95 verbs that constitute, in fact, the object of this study. We submmited all the verbs to structural tests of sentence formation suggested by Kyparsky (1987), Hale & Keyser (2002) and Arad (2003), namely: Inchoative- Causative Alternation (Test 1); Middle Alternation (Test 2); Presence of Periphrastic Expression (Test 3); Presence of Cognate Object (Test 4); Presence of Cognate Adjunct (Test 5); Presence of Hiponimous and Hiperonimous Adjunction (Test 6).The sentences were submitted to the judgement of 40 native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese. The results pointed to heterogeneity in the behaviour of the general class of denominal verbs. To sum up, there is a group of verbs to which the tests indicated a nominal stage in the derivation of the verb (grammaticality for tests 3 (4), 5 and 6) and another group of verbs to which the tests did not indicate the presence of that nominal stage (agrammaticality for tests 3, 5 and 6). There are verbs that do and do not participate in alternations (gramaticality and agramaticality for tests 1 and 2) and, finally, there is a group of verbs for which one meaning indicates a nominal stage and the other meaning indicates the absence of such a nominal stage. After observing some analysis under lexicalist theories based on word formation rules (Basílio, 1993) or under lexico-syntactic approaches such as Hale & Keyser (2002), we could offer an analysis under which it is possible to distinguish the so-called denominal verbs in two classes: i) those represented by structures that include a nominal stage in the derivation (denominals), ii) those represented by structures in which the verb is derived directly from roots. This analysis is based on the Distributed Morphology model (Halle & Marantz, 1993; Harley & Noyer, 1999), more specifically, on Arad (2003), Marantz (2008) and Harley (2005). Our first step was to separate the two big groups: the first containing verbs that are derived from the categorization of a root () by a noun (n) and, then, by a verb (v) (synchronic denominal structures), and the second group containing verbs that are derived from the direct categorization of a root () by a verb (v) (non-denominal structures). In the first group, the denominal one, we observed that the sentences containing such verbs presented different syntactic behaviors and we suggested different kinds of structures: alternating, non-alternating and location/locatum. In sequence, we discussed some verbs that led us to suggest that they can be formed either as denominal verbs or as root-derived ones. We could then represent the structure of different types of so-called denominal verbs regarding their syntactic behavior and the relation they establish with the noun formed by the same root. Finally, the major theoretic contribution of this work is that we improved in clarifying the difference between a synchronic and a dyachronic word formation process, showing that the historical explanation is not always the single possibility.

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Darteni, Silvia. "Italian parasynthetic verbs : argument structure." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080073/document.

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La thèse porte sur la structure argumentale des verbes parasynthétiques italiens. Elle s'intéresse En particulier à deux sous-groupes : les dénominaux dont la paraphrase est « faire devenir S », où S est le substantif de base (appelés BN); et les désadjectivaux dont la paraphrase est « faire quelque chose plus A », où A est l'adjective de base (appelés DPV). Les deux types de verbes posent des questions très différentes, mais liées à la question de la syntaxe lexicale : les premiers forment une construction seconde inattendue dans le domaine roman ; les deuxièmes peuvent générer deuxlectures aspectuelles (stative et événementiel) même en étant causatifs.La thèse s'ouvre avec des chapitres de caractère général. Le premier plaide pour une amélioration des méthodes de collecte de données dans le domaine génératif. Les deuxième et troisième chapitres décrivent les cadres formels pertinents ainsi que la parasynthèse.La première partie de la thèse porte sur les BN. Au moyen de tests conduits sur des locuteurs natifs de l'italien, elle affirme et analyse l'acceptabilité de la construction pseudo-résultative en italien. Cette enquête se poursuit par une comparaison avec les données du français, qui se comporte différemment. La deuxième partie s'ouvre avec une réflexion sur les diagnostics de la stativité, et se poursuit avec l'analyse des DPVs. En particulier, le concept de causalité stative est analysé et traduit dans la théorie de la causalité de force-dynamics.Enfin, une application au TALN des diagnostics de stativité est décrite dans le dernier chapitre. L'importance de l'identification précise de la stativité est éclaircie
The present dissertation investigates the argument structure of two groups of Italian parasyntheticverbs: denominal verbs paraphrased as "make X become N", where N is the base noun (henceforth BN); adjectival verbs paraphrased as "make X more A", where A is the base adjective. The two groups present different issues linked to the lexical syntax, the former can participate in a secondary predication that is unexpected for Romance languages; the latter can receive two aspectual readings (stative and eventive) which are both causative.The dissertation starts with three chapters of general interest. The first one describes new experimental methods that can be employed in generative linguistics. The second and third one describe useful frameworks and the morphological process of parasynthesis.The first part of the dissertation analyses BNs. It is shown by means of several experiments that Italian native speakers accept the pseudo-resultative construction. Results of a comparative study with French are reported and show that French behaves differently to Italian in this respect.4The second part analyses stativity diagnostics and apply them in the study of DPVs. It gives account for the causal stativity in the force-dynamic framework.The last chapter applies stativity diagnostics in the natural language processing domain

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Silva, Ivan Rocha da. "A estrutura argumental da língua karitiana: desafios descritivos e teóricos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-12092012-120027/.

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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo descrever a estrutura argumental da língua Karitiana (grupo Tupi, família Arikém, aproximadamente 400 falantes) em uma perspectiva descritiva e teórica. Nesse trabalho, buscou-se o desafio de descrever as classes verbais da língua com base em uma teoria formal: a teoria de estrutura argumental de Hale e Keyser (2002). O trabalho encontra-se dividido em duas partes. Na parte I, descreve-se a morfossintaxe das classes verbais. Na parte II, foram analisadas, em termos de estrutura argumental, as evidências morfossintáticas notadas no padrão verbal. A segunda parte, ainda, oferece uma análise preliminar para a estrutura passiva impessoal em Karitiana, dentro da teoria Gerativa. A transitivização, a passivização, a construção de cópula e o padrão de concordância funcionam como evidências morfossintáticas para descrever classes verbais na língua. Todos os verbos intransitivos podem ser afetados pela causativização sintética (transitivização) através de um morfema causativo que permite a adição de um argumento externo (o sujeito agente ou causa) a uma sentença intransitiva, tornando-a transitiva. Através do morfema de passiva impessoal em Karitiana, é possível transformar um verbo biargumental em monoargumental, apagando o sujeito original da sentença transitiva. O morfema de passiva é adicionado apenas a um verbo minimamente biargumental ou a um verbo intransitivo que tenha sido antes transitivizado via . A construção de cópula nesta língua apresenta uma estrutura bioracional (S Copula minioração) em que a cópula toma como complemento uma minioração. No núcleo desta minioração, pode entrar apenas um verbo intransitivo, um adjetivo ou um nome. O padrão de concordância ergativo-absolutiva é o último diagnóstico utilizado como evidência de valência na língua. Com base nestas evidências, foram descritas três classes verbais: uma classe de verbos intransitivos (formada por 3 subclasses: composta de intransitivos comuns, de intransitivos com objeto oblíquo e sujeito experienciador e, por último, a subclasse de intransitivos locativos), uma classe de verbos transitivos e uma terceira classe composta por verbos bitransitivos. Esta última tem um objeto direto com papel semântico ALVO e um objeto indireto, marcado obliquamente (com a posposição ty) com papel TEMA. Os verbos intransitivos com objeto oblíquo apresentam um comportamento especial, comportando-se, morfossintaticamente e em termos de alternância, como os demais intransitivos, mas projetando em sua estrutura um complemento oblíquo, o que leva a considerar que eles são sintaticamente intransitivos e semanticamente transitivos. Concluimos que todos os verbos intransitivos nesta língua têm o comportamento de verbos inacusativos do tipo alternante. Na proposta de Hale e Keyser, os verbos são formados, estrutural e hierarquicamente, a partir de duas estruturas básicas (monádica e diádica) nucleadas pelos núcleos verbais (V1 e V2). Deste modo, os verbos do Karitiana descritos como intransitivos são analisados como verbos diádicos compostos, em conformidade com suas propriedades alternantes. Os verbos intransitivos com objeto oblíquo e aqueles verbos intransitivos locativos foram analisados como verbos diádicos compostos com complemento oblíquo (P-complemento). Os verbos bitransitivos são analisados como diádicos básicos. Apenas os verbos transitivos em Karitiana podem ser analisados como verbos monádicos.
This masters thesis aims to describe the argument structure in Karitiana (Tupi branch, Arikém family, about 400 speakers) both in a theoretical and in a descriptive perspective. In this work, the challenge is to describe the verb classes identified in Karitiana in the formal theory of argument structure proposed by Hale and Keyser (2002). The work is divided in two parts. In Part I, the morphosyntax of the verb classes is described. In Part II, the verb patterns were analyzed in terms of their argument structure. Still in this part, a preliminary analysis of the structure of the impersonal passive is presented, inside the Generativist framework. All instransitive verbs may be affected by the synthetic causativization (transitivization) in which a causative morpheme allows the addition of an external argument (the subject) to an intransitive sentence, transitivizing it. By the use of the impersonal passive in Karitiana it is possible to turn a bi-argumental verb into a mono-argumental one, causing the demotion of the initial subject and the promotion of the initial object to subject of the passive. The passive morpheme is added only to a transitive verb or to an intransitive verb which has been first transitivized via . The copular construction in Karitiana presents a biclausal structure (Subject + copular verb + small clause) in which the copular verb selects a small clause as its complement. Copular verbs can only select complements headed by nouns, adjectives or intransitive verbs. If a transitive verb is added to the head of the small clause, the sentence is ungrammatical. However, if a transitive verb has undergone a passivization process via , that verb may be the head of the small clause. The ergative-absolutive agreement pattern is also used as evidence of valency in Karitiana. Based on this evidence, three verbal classes were described: a large class of intransitive verbs (with three subclasses, one of common intransitive verbs, another of intransitive verbs with oblique objects and experiencer subjects, and one of intransitive locatives), a class of transitive verbs, and a third class of ditransitive verbs. The latter presents a direct object with the semantic role GOAL, whereas the indirect object is a THEME, marked as oblique (with the postposition ty). These intransitive verbs with an oblique object are part of a special subclass of intransitives because they behave, in terms of morphosyntax and valency, as other intransitive verbs, but they also project in their structure an oblique complement; it seems to be the case that they are syntactically intransitive and semantically transitive. We conclude that all intransitive verbs in Karitiana have the behavior of unaccusative verbs that may alternate. In Hale and Keysers proposal, verbs are formed, in structural and hierachical terms, from two basic structures (monadic and dyadic) headed by the verbal heads (V1 and V2). Thus, the Karitiana verbs described as common intransitives are analyzed as dyadic because of their alternation properties. The intransitives with oblique objects and the locative intransitives were analyzed as composite dyadic with oblique complements (P-complements). The ditransitive verbs are analyzed as basic dyadic, and only the transitive verbs in Karitiana may be analyzed as projecting monadic argument structures.

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Gil, Vallejo Lara. "Exploiting verb similarity for event modelling." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668907.

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Aquest treball s'emmarca en l'àmbit del processament del llenguatge natural. Té l'objectiu d'explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal i, més concretament, de les classificacions verbals, a l'hora de capturar i modelitzar la informació bàsica relacionada amb l'expressió d'esdeveniments en espanyol. La tesi s'articula entorn de dos estudis que examinen la capacitat que té la similitud verbal de modelitzar la informació relativa als participants en esdeveniments. En primer lloc, elaborem una anàlisi de la similitud verbal amb relació a l'estructura argumental. Amb aquesta finalitat, partim de tres perspectives que tracten aquest tema: la lingüística teòrica, la lingüística de corpus i la psicolingüística, i analitzem com cadascuna defineix la similitud entre els verbs. Aquesta anàlisi ens serveix per a definir un conjunt de característiques lingüístiques i configuracions que s'apliquen en el segon estudi. Aquest estudi consisteix en la creació d'una classificació automàtica de sentits verbals amb l'ús d'un algorisme de clusterització (clustering). L'objectiu d'aquesta classificació és capturar l'estructura argumental dels verbs i reflectir-la en les classes, de tal manera que permeti modelitzar els participants en els esdeveniments expressats pels verbs. Les troballes ens permeten afirmar que la classificació verbal organitza la informació de manera que és capaç d'acomodar diferents aspectes de l'estructura argumental.
Este trabajo se enmarca dentro del ámbito del procesamiento del lenguaje natural. Su objetivo es explorar el potencial de la similitud verbal y, más concretamente, de las clasificaciones verbales, a la hora de capturar y modelizar la información básica relacionada con la expresión de acontecimientos en español. La tesis se articula en torno a dos estudios que examinan la capacidad de la similitud verbal para modelizar la información relativa a los participantes en acontecimientos. En primer lugar, elaboramos un análisis de la similitud verbal con relación a la estructura argumental. Para ello tomamos tres perspectivas que tratan este tema: la lingüística teórica, lingüística de corpus y la psicolingüística, y analizamos de qué modo cada una de ellas define la similitud entre los verbos. Este análisis nos sirve para definir un conjunto de características lingüísticas y configuraciones que se aplican en el segundo estudio. Este estudio consiste en la creación de una clasificación automática de sentidos verbales usando un algoritmo de agrupamiento (clustering). El objetivo de esta clasificación es capturar la estructura argumental de los verbos y reflejarla en las clases, de tal manera que permita modelizar a los participantes en los acontecimientos expresados por los verbos. Los hallazgos nos permiten afirmar que la clasificación verbal organiza la información de manera que es capaz de acomodar diferentes aspectos de la estructura argumental.
This paper aims to explore the potential of verb similarity, and more specifically of verb classifications, when it comes to capturing and modelling basic information related to events expressed in Spanish. The research is based on two studies that examine verb similarity's ability to model event participant information. We first perform a study of verb similarity with respect to argument structure, looking at its relevant characteristics through the lens of three different perspectives: linguistic theory, corpus linguistics and psycholinguistics. Based on this analysis, we choose the features and configurations to be explored in order to create an automatic classification of verb senses using a clustering algorithm. The aim of this automatic classification is to capture the argument structure of the verbs and apply it to the classifications in a way that allows us to adequately model the participants in the events expressed by those verbs. The evaluations carried out for this verb classification confirm automatic classifications' ability to capture and infer relevant information related to participants in events.

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Kessouar, Dalila. "Argumentation, analogie et connivence : le cas du discours de la critique cinématographique." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOL018.

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Ce travail de recherche s’attache à spécifier la valeur argumentative de l’analogie à la lumière des recherches récentes sur l’analogie en prenant compte l’apport des sciences cognitives. Les liens de l’analogie avec une théorie plus générale de l’argumentation sont étudiés. Un corpus a été constitué, constituant une étude de cas, celui du discours de la critique cinématographique. Ce travail met en évidence le lien argumentatif entre analogie et connivence, phénomène qui a pu être observé dans diverses de ses manifestations et qui conduit à définir ce discours comme genre de discours dans la relation particulière qu’il instaure entre orateur et auditoire, entre critique et lecteur. Cette recherche a évolué vers ce qui semble être la caractéristique majeure de ce type de critiques : la recherche d'une forme ou d'une autre de connivence avec le lecteur
This research aims to specify the argumentative value of analogy in light of recent research on analogy and its links with a more general theory of argumentation. A body has been formed, constituting a case study, the discourse of film criticism. This work highlights the argumentative relationship between analogy and collusion, a phenomenon that has been observed in a variety of its manifestations and leads to define this discourse as a kind of speech in the special relationship that develops between speaker and audience, between critical and reader. This research has evolved into what appears to be the major feature of this type of criticism: the search for a form or other of complicity with the reader

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Gábor, Kata. "Computational syntax of Hungarian : from phrase chunking to verb subcategorization." Thesis, Besançon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BESA1020/document.

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La linguistique informatique est un domaine de recherche qui se concentre sur les méthodes et les perspectives de la modélisation formelle (statistique ou symbolique) de la langue naturelle. La linguistique informatique, tout comme la linguistique théorique, est une discipline fortement modulaire : les niveaux d'analyse linguistique comprennent la segmentation, l'analyse morphologique, la désambiguïsation, l'analyse syntaxique et sémantique. Tandis qu'un nombre d'outils existent déjà pour les traitements de bas niveau (analyse morphologique, étiquetage grammatical), le hongrois peut être considéré comme une langue peu doté pour l'analyse syntaxique et sémantique. Le travail décrit dans la présente thèse vise à combler ce manque en créant des ressources pour le traitement syntaxique du hongrois : notamment, un analyseur en chunks et une base de données lexicale de schémas de sous-catégorisation verbale. La première partie de la recherche présentée ici se concentre sur la création d'un analyseur syntaxique de surface (ou analyseur en chunks) pour le hongrois. La sortie de l'analyseur de surface est conçue pour servir d'entrée pour un traitement ultérieur visant à annoter les relations de dépendance entre le prédicat et ses compléments essentiels et circonstanciels. L'analyseur profond est mis en œuvre dans NooJ (Silberztein, 2004) en tant qu'une cascade de grammaires. Le deuxième objectif de recherche était de proposer une représentation lexicale pour la structure argumentale en hongrois. Cette représentation doit pouvoir gérer la vaste gamme de phénomènes qui échappent à la dichotomie traditionnelle entre un complément essentiel et un circonstanciel (p. ex. des structures partiellement productives, des écarts entre la prédictibilité syntaxique et sémantique). Nous avons eu recours à des résultats de la recherche récente sur la réalisation d'arguments et choisi un cadre qui répond à nos critères et qui est adaptable à une langue non-configurationnelle. Nous avons utilisé la classification sémantique de Levin (1993) comme modèle. Nous avons adapté les notions relatives à cette classification, à savoir celle de la composante sémantique et celle de l'alternance syntaxique, ainsi que la méthodologie d'explorer et de décrire le comportement des prédicats à l'aide de cette représentation, à la tâche de construire une représentation lexicale des verbes dans une langue non-configurationnelle. La première étape consistait à définir les règles de codage et de construire un vaste base de données lexicale pour les verbes et leurs compléments. Par la suite, nous avons entrepris deux expériences pour l'enrichissement de ce lexique avec des informations sémantiques lexicales afin de formaliser des généralisations syntaxiques et sémantiques pertinentes sur les classes de prédicats sous-jacentes. La première approche que nous avons testée consistait en une élaboration manuelle de classification de verbes en fonction de leur structure de compléments et de l'attribution de rôles sémantiques à ces compléments. Nous avons cherché la réponse aux questions suivantes: quelles sont les composants sémantiques pertinents pour définir une classification sémantique des prédicats hongrois? Quelles sont les implications syntaxiques spécifiques à ces classes? Et, plus généralement, quelle est la nature des alternances spécifiques aux classes verbales en hongrois ? Dans la phase finale de la recherche, nous avons étudié le potentiel de l'acquisition automatique pour extraire des classes de verbes à partir de corpus. Nous avons effectué une classification non supervisée, basée sur des données distributionnelles, pour obtenir une classification sémantique pertinente des verbes hongrois. Nous avons également testé la méthode de classification non supervisée sur des données françaises
We present the creation of two resources for Hungarian NLP applications: a rule-based shallow parser and a database of verbal subcategorization frames. Hungarian, as a non-configurational language with a rich morphology, presents specific challenges for NLP at the level of morphological and syntactic processing. While efficient and precise morphological analyzers are already available, Hungarian is under-resourced with respect to syntactic analysis. Our work aimed at overcoming this problem by providing resources for syntactic processing. Hungarian language is characterized by a rich morphology and a non-configurational encoding of grammatical functions. These features imply that the syntactic processing of Hungarian has to rely on morphological features rather than on constituent order. The broader interest of our undertaking is to propose representations and methods that are adapted to these specific characteristics, and at the same time are in line with state of the art research methodologies. More concretely, we attempt to adapt current results in argument realization and lexical semantics to the task of labeling sentence constituents according to their syntactic function and semantic role in Hungarian. Syntax and semantics are not completely independent modules in linguistic analysis and language processing: it has been known for decades that semantic properties of words affect their syntactic distribution. Within the syntax-semantics interface, the field of argument realization deals with the (partial or complete) prediction of verbal subcategorization from semantic properties. Research on verbal lexical semantics and semantically motivated mapping has been concentrating on predicting the syntactic realization of arguments, taking for granted (either explicitly or implicitly) that the distinction between arguments and adjuncts is known, and that adjuncts' syntactic realization is governed by productive syntactic rules, not lexical properties. However, besides the correlation between verbal aspect or actionsart and time adverbs (e.g. Vendler, 1967 or Kiefer, 1992 for Hungarian), the distribution of adjuncts among verbs or verb classes did not receive significant attention, especially within the lexical semantics framework. We claim that contrary to the widely shared presumption, adjuncts are often not fully productive. We therefore propose a gradual notion of productivity, defined in relation to Levin-type lexical semantic verb classes (Levin, 1993; Levin and Rappaport-Hovav, 2005). The definition we propose for the argument-adjunct dichotomy is based on evidence from Hungarian and exploits the idea that lexical semantics not only influences complement structure but is the key to the argument-adjunct distinction and the realization of adjuncts

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Sethuraman, Nitya. "The acquisition of verbs and argument structure constructions /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3049671.

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Wandji, Tchami Ornella. "Analyse contrastive des verbes dans des corpus médicaux et création d’une ressource verbale de simplification de textes." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H015/document.

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Grâce à l’évolution de la technologie à travers le Web, la documentation relative à la santé est de plus en plus abondante et accessible à tous, plus particulièrement aux patients, qui ont ainsi accès à une panoplie d’informations sanitaires. Malheureusement, la grande disponibilité de l’information médicale ne garantit pas sa bonne compréhension par le public visé, en l’occurrence les non-experts. Notre projet de thèse a pour objectif la création d’une ressource de simplification de textes médicaux, à partir d’une analyse syntaxico-sémantique des verbes dans quatre corpus médicaux en français qui se distinguent de par le degré d’expertise de leurs auteurs et celui des publics cibles. La ressource conçue contient 230 patrons syntaxicosémantiques des verbes (appelés pss), alignés avec leurs équivalents non spécialisés. La méthode semi-automatique d’analyse des verbes appliquée pour atteindre notre objectif est basée sur quatre tâches fondamentales : l’annotation syntaxique des corpus, réalisée grâce à l’analyseur syntaxique Cordial (Laurent, Dominique et al, 2009) ; l’annotation sémantique des arguments des verbes, à partir des catégories sémantiques de la version française de la terminologie médicale Snomed Internationale (Côté, 1996) ; l’acquisition des patrons syntactico-sémantiqueset l’analyse contrastive du fonctionnement des verbes dans les différents corpus. Les patrons syntaxico-sémantiques des verbes acquis au terme de ce processus subissent une évaluation (par trois équipes d’experts en médecine) qui débouche sur la sélection des candidats constituant la nomenclature de la ressource de simplification. Les pss sont ensuite alignés avec leurs correspondants non spécialisés, cet alignement débouche sur le création de la ressource de simplification, qui représente le résultat principal de notre travail de thèse. Une évaluation du rendement du contenu de la ressource a été effectuée avec deux groupes d’évaluateurs : des linguistes et des non-linguistes. Les résultats montrent que la simplification des pss permet de faciliter la compréhension du sens du verbe en emploi spécialisé, surtout lorsque un certains paramètres sont réunis
With the evolution of Web technology, healthcare documentation is becoming increasinglyabundant and accessible to all, especially to patients, who have access to a large amount ofhealth information. Unfortunately, the ease of access to medical information does not guaranteeits correct understanding by the intended audience, in this case non-experts. Our PhD work aimsat creating a resource for the simplification of medical texts, based on a syntactico-semanticanalysis of verbs in four French medical corpora, that are distinguished according to the levelof expertise of their authors and that of the target audiences. The resource created in thepresent thesis contains 230 syntactico-semantic patterns of verbs (called pss), aligned withtheir non-specialized equivalents. The semi-automatic method applied, for the analysis of verbs,in order to achieve our goal is based on four fundamental tasks : the syntactic annotation of thecorpora, carried out thanks to the Cordial parser (Laurent et al., 2009) ; the semantic annotationof verb arguments, based on semantic categories of the French version of a medical terminologyknown as Snomed International (Côté, 1996) ; the acquisition of syntactico-semantic patternsof verbs and the contrastive analysis of the verbs behaviors in the different corpora. Thepss, acquired at the end of this process, undergo an evaluation (by three teams of medicalexperts) which leads to the selection of candidates constituting the nomenclature of our textsimplification resource. These pss are then aligned with their non-specialized equivalents, thisalignment leads to the creation of the simplification resource, which is the main result of ourPhD study. The content of the resource was evaluated by two groups of people : linguists andnon-linguists. The results show that the simplification of pss makes it easier for non-expertsto understand the meaning of verbs used in a specialized way, especially when a certain set ofparameters is collected

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Carneiro, Beatriz Patriota. "Uma investigação sobre mapeamento de argumentos e aquisição de verbos psicológicos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2011. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/10385.

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Linguística, 2011.
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Nesta dissertação, tratamos do que ficou conhecido na literatura como problema de mapeamento dos verbos psicológicos, relativo à inversão de papéis temáticos, mantendo a equivalência da relação temática, que ocorre em “José teme a coruja” e “A coruja assusta José”. Investigamos e problematizamos a questão do mapeamento para defender que há motivos para afirmar que os verbos psicológicos são sintática e semanticamente complexos, ou, pelo menos, mais complexos do que os verbos de ação e que isso tem implicações para o processo de aquisição da linguagem. Apresentamos, também, resultados de uma pesquisa de campo com foco na aquisição de verbos psicológicos, empreendida com 30 sujeitos de pesquisa de 4 a 7 anos, e 30 de 9 ou 10 anos, que também sustenta a argumentação. Temos como objetivo principal defender que verbos psicológicos são de mais difícil aquisição do que verbos de ação e, pressupondo haver uma propensão inata para o mapeamento de argumentos com base em traços semânticos, organizados hierarquicamente, também defendemos que, em uma sentença com verbo psicológico, o papel temático Experienciador é preferido para posição de sujeito, quando em contraposição a um papel temático menos agentivo e menos volitivo, como um Tema. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
arguments resulting in the same relational meaning that occurs in sentences such as John fears the owl and The owl frightens John. I also investigate the extent to which it represents a problem, and argue that psych verbs are syntactic and semantically complex, or at least, more complex than action verbs, and that it has implications on the language acquisition process. We also present a field research with 30 subjects, from four to seven years old, and 30 subjects, from nine to ten years old, that also supports the discussion. Our main goal is to defend that psych verbs are more difficult to acquire than action verbs, and, assuming an innate basis to the mapping of arguments based on semantic properties, we also defend that, in a sentence containing a psych verb, the thematic role of Experiencer is preferred to the subject position, rather than a thematic role with less volition and agency, as a Theme.

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Lima, Suzi Oliveira de. "A estrutura argumental dos verbos na língua Juruna (Yudjá): da formação dos verbos para a análise das estruturas sintáticas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-08072008-152745/.

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Esta dissertação descreve e analisa os verbos da língua Juruna (Yudja) a partir de suas estruturas argumentais e conseqüências sintáticas. O objetivo é contribuir com um material para a escola indígena Juruna assim como contribuir com os estudos teóricos da perspectiva gerativista de estudos sobre a linguagem. O texto é dividido em duas grandes partes (descrição e análise) sendo a primeira delas uma descrição de 302 verbos da língua. Nesta parte dividimos estes verbos em dezoito classes verbais a partir de critérios morfológicos, sintáticos e semânticos. Estes critérios foram estabelecidos a partir de características da língua, quais sejam estas: duplicação verbal, propriedades semânticas, afixos, causativização e propriedades das raízes - as quais associadas a verbalizadores formam os verbos. Nesta seção apresentamos quais são as construções e operações morfológicas que cada verbo descrito realiza (tais como: alternâncias de valência (por afixação e via alternância labile), duplicação e supleção verbal) e suas funções na língua. A segunda parte do texto denominada \"análises\" apresenta uma análise gerativa para os fatos da língua Juruna. Para a questão da formação dos verbos, partimos da proposta de Hale & Keyser (1993; 2001) segundo a qual os verbos são formados de forma estrutural e hierárquica a partir de duas estruturas básicas (monádica e diádica) nucleadas por núcleos verbais (V1 e V2). Estas estruturas são utilizadas de forma paramétrica a partir de restrições das raízes verbais e seus traços sintáticos e semânticos. Considerando esta proposta teórica, argumentamos que os verbos da língua Juruna são formados estruturalmente a partir de restrições dos traços que formam as raízes verbais, os quais também serão determinantes nos processos de atribuição e mudança de valência e voz assim como no processo de duplicação e supleção verbal. Após a análise referente à formação dos verbos apresentamos a formação de sentenças na língua Juruna partindo do Programa Minimalista (Chomsky 1995; 1998; 1999). Nesta seção apresentamos o processo de inserção de sujeitos (a partir de formas pronominais, demonstrativos e sintagmas nominais) em vP, discutimos os processos de concordância, analisamos a inserção de modo realis/ irrealis, bem como questões relacionadas a ordem sentencial, adjunção de advérbios e o paralelismo entre os planos nominal e verbal, a partir das questões associadas à cumulatividade e quantificação. O ponto central desta dissertação é, portanto, argumentar que todas as propriedades sintáticas da língua Juruna decorrem essencialmente dos traços formadores de seus verbos. Desta forma, para a compreensão da sintaxe de uma língua é necessário compreender a estrutura argumental de seus verbos.
This dissertation describes and analyzes Juruna (Yudja) verbs based on argument structure and its syntactic consequences. We aim to offer to the Juruna School useful material about verb classes and also to contribute to the advancement of language studies in the generativist framework. The dissertation is divided in two parts - description and analysis). The first is a description of 302 verbs in this language. In this part, we divided verbs in eighteen classes based on morphological, syntactic and semantic criteria established from phenomena present in Juruna. These phenomena are: verb reduplication, semantic properties of roots and affixes, causativization and properties of roots that, associated to verbalizers, form verbs. We presented constructions and morphological operations that each verb described realize, for instance: valence alternation (by affixation or labile alternation), reduplication and suppletion and their functions in this language. The second part of the dissertation - entitled \"analysis\" - presents a generativist account of some Juruna facts described in the first part. To discuss verb formation we based ourselves on Hale & Keyser\'s (1993; 2001) proposal that verbs are formed from two basic structures (monadic and dyadic) with verbal nuclei (V1 and V2) organized structurally and hierarchically. These structures are utilized parametrically, taking into consideration verbal root restrictions and syntactic and semantic traces. Supported by this theorical proposal, we argued that verbs in Juruna are formed structurally based on restrictions of their root. These restrictions will also determine the process of attribution and change of valence and voice and the processes of verb duplication and suppletion in the language. After the analysis of verb formation, we present a hypothesis of sentence structure in Juruna based on the Minimalist Program (Chomsky 1995; 1998; 1999). In this section we discussed: 1) subject insertion (taking into consideration pronominal forms, demonstratives and nominal phrases) in vP; 2) agreement processes; 3) the insertion of mood realis/ irrealis; 4) sentential order; 5) adverbial adjunction and 6) the parallelism between nominal and verbal domains based on cumulativity and quantification. The central theoretical point of this dissertation is to argue in favor of the idea that syntactic properties may be explained, in large part, as a consequence of verb formation. In this sense, to understand the syntactic structure of a language it is essential to understand the argument structure of its verbs.

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Rosen, Sara Thomas. "Argument structure and complex predicates." New York : Garland publ, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35690826v.

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Bassani, Indaiá de Santana. "Uma abordagem localista para morfologia e estrutura argumental dos verbos complexos (parassintéticos) do português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19022014-104851/.

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O objeto empírico desta tese é um subgrupo de verbos complexos do português brasileiro. Os dados estudados são formações sincronicamente transparentes e composicionais com prefixos a-, eN- e eS- e sufixos -ec-, -iz-, -e- e -ej-, incluindo os chamados verbos parassintéticos, e formações originalmente complexas, porém duvidosas quanto à complexidade atualmente. O corpus contém 380 verbos selecionados a partir de dicionário e organizados por critérios de frequência. O objetivo geral descritivo enfoca questões relativas às propriedades e ao comportamento dos afixos, das raízes e das vogais temáticas. A discussão é organizada em torno dos níveis de estrutura morfológica, morfofonológica, argumental e eventual. O objetivo geral teórico do trabalho consiste em discutir as propostas da Semântica Lexical, da Sintaxe Lexical e da Morfologia Distribuída. Como resultados, o estudo oferece uma primeira classificação em verbos parcialmente transparentes e totalmente transparentes. Aqueles são analisados como fruto de um processo de reanálise histórica comparado ao desaparecimento de preverbos. O estudo mostra que existe um continuum entre formações completamente fossilizadas, reanalisadas como simples, em processo de mudança e completamente transparentes e composicionais. Uma segunda classificação se refere a formações com significado composicional e não-composicional. Os dados não-composicionais são estruturalmente analisados através de uma releitura da restrição de localidade na interpretação das raízes e do uso da noção de polissemia das raízes. Os verbos totalmente transparentes e composicionais são descritivamente classificados em verbos de mudança de estado, de lugar (location), de posse concreta (locatum), de posse abstrata, de reconfiguração e verbos de modificação de v. A característica mais robusta dessa subclasse é a obrigatoriedade de um argumento interno interpretado como objeto afetado (tema ou experienciador, em menor escala) da mudança expressa pelo evento. A investigação aponta que esses prefixos podem ser a realização fonológica de um núcleo misto de natureza lexical e funcional que é responsável por introduzir o argumento interno na estrutura e relacioná-lo à semântica da raiz. Tal núcleo possui minimamente o traço [+r] (relacional) e, em poucos casos, apresenta especificação direcional [+dir]. Com isso, a ideia de que esses prefixos são morfemas direcionais é desmistificada, pois essa informação interna ao verbo complexo é residual e decadente. Em geral, os prefixos se comportam como alomorfes e não há fortes evidências de associação exclusiva de um prefixo a uma determinada estrutura argumental ou classe semântica. Os sufixos são analisados como realizações de núcleos funcionais de tipo v[+voice], v[-voice] e v[+voice, -télico] e também se observa que a ocorrência sufixal em tipos de eventos não se dá de modo tão sistemático como afirma a literatura prévia. A teoria de alomorfia prospota em Embick (2010), baseada em localidade e linearidade, se mostra efetiva para analisar a escolha dos alomorfes dos vi núcleos R (relacionador), v e Th (Vogal temática). O tipo semântico da raiz influencia o tipo de verbo formado, mas pode ser manipulado a fim de sofrer coerção por um processo metonímico ou estrutural. A principal conclusão a partir dos resultados obtidos é que a morfologia verbal do português brasileiro pode revelar tendências em relação à estrutura argumental e a estrutura de eventos, mas não reflete correlações suficientemente regulares ou consistentes.
The empirical object of this dissertation is a subgroup of complex verbs of Brazilian Portuguese. The dataset is composed by synchronically and compositional formations containing the prefixes a-, eN- e eS- and the suffixes -ec-, -iz-, -e- e -ej- and originally complex formations which are dubious in relation to its synchronic complexity. The corpus contains 380 verbs selected from a dictionary and organized by frequency criteria. The general descriptive goal encompasses topics on properties and behavior of affixes, roots and theme vowels and the discussion is guided by the levels of morphological, morphophonological, argument and event structure. The general theoretical goal of this dissertation is to discuss Lexical Semantics, Lexical Syntax and Distributed Morphology proposals. As empirical results, the study offers a primary classification in terms of partially and totally transparent verbs. Partially transparent verbs are treated as resulting from a historical reanalysis process compared to the well known process of disappearance of preverbs. It is assumed that there is a continuum from forms which are: 1) completely fossilized; 2) reanalyzed as simple; 3) forms in process of change; 4) completely compositional and transparent. A secondary classification refers to compositional and noncompositional formations. Non-compositional data are structurally analyzed by means of a new reading on the literature on locality restriction on the interpretation of roots and the use of the notion of root polysemy. Completely compositional and transparent verbs are empirically classified into change of state, change of location, change of abstract and concrete possession, reconfiguration and verbs of modification of v. The strongest characteristic of this subclass is the obligatory presence of an internal argument interpreted as an affected object (theme or experiencer, to a less extent) of the change denoted by the event. The investigation points out that the prefix may be considered as the phonological realization of a head with a mixed lexical functional nature, which is responsible for introducing the internal argument in the structure and relating it to the root semantics. This head has at least the feature [+r] and, in a few cases, it may present directional information [+dir]. Considering this, the assumption that these prefixes are directional morphemes is debunked since this kind of information within a complex verb is residual and decayed. In general, prefixes behave as allomorphs and there are not strong evidences of an exclusive association of a prefix and a certain kind of argument structure or semantic class. The suffixes are analyzed as realizations of three functional heads: v[+voice], v[-voice] and v[+voice, -telic] and it is observed that suffix occurrence in event type is not systematic as previous literature claims. The theory of allomorphy proposed in Embick (2010), which is based on locality and linearity, was efficient in accounting for selection of allomorphs of R, v and Th heads. Finally, semantic type shows influence on verb type but this information can be viii manipulated in order to derive structural or metonymical coercion. The main conclusion to be drawn from the results is the fact that Brazilian Portuguese verbal morphology may reveal certain tendencies in argument and event structure, but it does not reflect sufficiently regular or consistent correlations.

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Rabelo, Poliana Camargo. "Argumentos (EPP) nulos no português do Brasil em contextos oracionais finitos e infinitos." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2010. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/7038.

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Tese (doutorado)-Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Lingüística, Português e Línguas Clássicas, 2010.
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Esta tese discute o sujeito nulo no português do Brasil (PB), em contextos oracionais finitos e infinitivos, com foco no fenômeno denominado controle. O controle é um fenômeno de correferência (obrigatória) entre um sujeito (nulo) de uma oração (subordinada) e um argumento da oração matriz. Esse fenômeno é frequentemente observado, nas línguas em geral, em contextos não finitos (entre os quais, incluem-se as orações infinitivas). Diversos estudos, entretanto, mostram que no PB esse fenômeno é observado, também, em contextos oracionais finitos, principalmente em orações encaixadas indicativas, quando o sujeito nulo é de 3ª pessoa. Essa propriedade do PB destaca-se no âmbito das línguas românicas (de sujeito nulo), já que nessas línguas o sujeito nulo (de qualquer pessoa) recebe uma interpretação definida/específica. O objetivo desta tese é prover análise que explique a ocorrência do controle nesses contextos. Para tanto, adota-se o quadro teórico da gramática gerativa, mais especificamente aquele desenvolvido por Manzini & Savoia (2005, 2007), o qual unifica os níveis de análise morfológico e sintático. A proposta desenvolvida neste trabalho consiste em considerar que o afixo de pessoa realiza o sujeito no PB e que a interpretação de controle encontrada em orações finitas decorre das especificações lexicais do morfema de concordância de 3ª pessoa, o que leva a crer que há, nessa língua, uma cisão de pessoa. Essa cisão, que alinha, de um lado, 1ª e 2ª pessoas, opondo-as, por outro lado, à 3ª pessoa, abrange outros contextos linguísticos, especialmente aqueles que envolvem a realização de funções gramaticais da oração por pronomes. A análise de que o sujeito é realizado pelo afixo de concordância número-pessoal é estendida ao infinitivo flexionado. Em relação às orações infinitivas, propõe-se, ainda, que o morfema -r é especificado para modo irrealis. Nesse caso, se o infinitivo é impessoal, considera-se que o argumento EPP desse predicado não é realizado sintaticamente, o que significa que esse argumento é uma variável a ser valorada (na interface interpretativa). A valoração dessa variável pode se dar por meio da ligação com um DP na oração matriz ou da ligação por um operador responsável pela interpretação genérica. A interpretação ligada é obrigatória em um subgrupo de orações infinitivas. Isso se deve, por hipótese, à aplicação do fenômeno da reestruturação, observado em contextos de dependência entre oração encaixada (sem tempo) e oração matriz. O controle, então, é tratado como decorrente do fato de o argumento EPP de um predicado ser uma variável. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
This thesis addresses the syntax of null subjects in BP in finite and non-finite contexts, focusing on the phenomenon of control. Control consists of an obligatory coreferential relation between the null subject of an embedded clause and an argument in the matrix clause. This phenomenon is pervasively found crosslinguistically in non-finite contexts, among which the infinitive clauses are found. Nevertheless, various studies show that in BP this phenomenon is also found in finite clauses, mainly in indicative ones, whenever the subject is a null 3rd person one. This property of BP is quite isolated among (null subject) Romance languages, given that in the latter the null subject always receives a definite/specific interpretation, regardless of the person specification. The aim of this thesis is to provide an analysis for the occurrence of control in these contexts in BP, as opposed to the other contexts involving control, which are also found in the other Romance languages. In the analysis, the framework developed in Manzini & Savoia (2005, 2007) is adopted, which is based on the assumption that the morphological and syntactic levels are unified. The analysis presently proposed is that the person affix realizes the subject in BP, the control interpretation found in finite clauses being determined by the lexical specifications of the 3rd person agreement morpheme, which implies that a person split is found in this language. This split, which groups 1st and 2nd person, on the one hand, and 3rd person, on the other hand, is found in other syntactic contexts, particularly those involving the realization of grammatical functions by pronouns. The approach according to which the subject is realized by the person-number affix is extended to the contexts involving the inflected infinitive. Regarding infinitive clauses, it is further proposed that the morpheme –r is specified for irrealis mood. Accordingly, if the infinitive is non-inflected, it is assumed that the EPP argument of this predicate is not syntactically projected, which implies that this argument is interpreted as a variable, which will be assigned an interpretation at the appropriate interface. The variable will receive a value through binding either by an argument in the matrix clause or by a generic operator. The bound interpretation is obligatory in a subset of infinitive clauses. By hypothesis, this is so because of the application of restructuring, found in contexts of tense dependency between the embedded clause (which is not marked for tense) and the matrix clause. Control is thus analysed as arising in contexts in which the EPP argument of a predicate is a variable.

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Silva, Leonardo Medeiros da. "A configura??o argumental dos verbos dicendi na conversa??o." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20431.

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Esta disserta??o consiste em um estudo sobre o comportamento dos verbos dicendi (VD) na conversa??o. O objetivo ? analisar a configura??o argumental desses verbos a fim de investigar o modo como esse tipo de verbo e seus argumentos se manifestam em contextos reais de uso da l?ngua. O foco da investiga??o recai sobre as caracter?sticas morfossint?ticas, sem?nticas e pragm?ticas dos argumentos externo e interno dos VD. Sendo assim, examinarei i) a rela??o sint?tico-sem?ntica que esses argumentos mant?m com os VD, ii) o n?vel de integra??o entre a ora??o matriz e o discurso reportado (introduzido pelo VD da ora??o matriz), iii) os fatores que determinam a sele??o e a organiza??o do(s) argumento(s) interno(s) e iv) se h? prefer?ncia de algum tipo de estrutura em detrimento de outras. Os VD s?o considerados como sendo de sintaxe ?nica, uma vez que diferem dos verbos transitivos t?picos e, igualmente, dos verbos intransitivos t?picos. Essa caracter?stica, por si s?, motivou v?rias pesquisas acerca do comportamento desse verbo; contudo, grande parte do conhecimento produzido n?o se baseia em dados espont?neos de fala. Da? a justificativa para o desenvolvimento deste estudo, que pretende analisar a configura??o argumental dos VD com base em enunciados produzidos em situa??es espont?neas de uso da l?ngua. O presente trabalho est? ancorado nos preceitos te?ricos e metodol?gicos da Lingu?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso, que defende a an?lise da l?ngua a partir de seu uso, isto ?, em intera??es comunicativas reais. Portanto, essa abordagem considera que a situa??o comunicativa interfere diretamente na enuncia??o. A pesquisa tem como corpus o Banco Conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2011), que constitui uma amostra de conversa??o natural.
This dissertation is a study of the behavior of verbs of utterance (VU) in natural conversation. The goal is to analyze the configuration of these verbs to investigate how this type of verb and its arguments are manifested in real language usage. The research focuses the morphosyntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of the external and internal arguments of VU. Therefore, I examine i) the syntactic-semantic relationship of these arguments with the VU, ii) the level of integration between the matrix sentence and the reported speech (introduced by a VU), iii) the factors that determine the selection and arrangement of the internal argument, iv) if there is a preference for certain types of argument structure over others, v) if the direct object is new or old information, and vi) if the object occurs on the figure or background portion of the text. The VU are considered by Munro (1982, apud FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2006) unique in syntax as they differ from typical transitive verbs as well as typical intransitive verbs. This feature alone has motivated several studies about the behavior of this verb; however, much of the knowledge produced is not based on spontaneous speech data. Hence, the justification for the development of this study, which aims to analyze the configuration of VU based on utterances produced in spontaneous situations of language usage. This work is grounded on theoretical and methodological principles of Lingu?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso - Usage-based Theory, in English - (FURTADO DA CUNHA et al., 2013; MARTELOTTA, 2011; BYBEE, 2010), which argues for the analysis of language in use, that is, in spontaneous communicative situations. Therefore, this approach takes into account that the communicative situation directly affects the language. The database is Banco Conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2011), which is a sample of natural speech. Since it examines actual data of spontaneous speech, this research allows observe how speech verbs and their arguments are used by speakers engaged in communicative interactions.

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Tanga, Júlio Cesar Michelucci. "Complementos sentenciais finitos de verbos causativos : um argumento favorável à hipótese SPLIT-VP." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Letras e Ciências Humanas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Linguagem, 2007. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000121167.

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O presente trabalho tem por principal objetivo analisar a estrutura dos complementos sentenciais finitos de verbos causativos, notadamente ?fazer? e ?pedir?. O que o motivou foi o fato de, contrariando a inequívoca tendência de apagamento da preposição diante de complementos sentenciais finitos, tais orações serem, freqüentemente introduzidas por preposição (?fazer com que? e ?pedir para que?).No primeiro capitulo serão abordados os conceitos de preposição e objeto indireto. No segundo, será revisada a classificação, proposta por Rochette, dos verbos de acordo com suas propriedades semânticas,. Em seguida, serão expostos alguns dos principais argumentos que corroboram a tese do desmembramento do VP, para que, na seção subseqüente, se possa defender a principal idéia deste trabalho: a de que as preposições ?com? e ?para?, em tais orações, ocupam a posição AgrIOP, em que checam Caso dativo.
This work intends to analyze the structure of finite sentential complements of causative verbs, mainly ?fazer? and ?pedir?. What motivated it was the fact that this kind of sentence is commonly introduced by preposition (?fazer com que? e ?pedir para que?), contradicting the undeniable tendency of non use of the preposition in such cases. In the first chapter, the concepts of preposition and indirect object will be discussed. In the second, it will be reviewed the classification, proposed by Rochette, of the verbs according to their semantic properties. Following, it will be exposed some of the main arguments that bear out the split-VIP thesis. In the last chapter, it will be defended the main idea of this work: it will be argued that such prepositions check dative Case in AgrIOP position.

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Yu, C. (Changrong). "Emotional display in argument, storytelling and teasing:a multimodal analysis." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2012. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514298516.

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Abstract This dissertation studies emotional displays in talk-in-interaction, especially focusing on conversational argument, storytelling and teasing. The aim is to understand how verbal expressions, prosodic cues, and embodied actions interact with each other in emotional expression. The main analytic approach and methodology is conversation analysis and multimodal interaction analysis, applied to interactional sequences from everyday conversations. The research data comes from three different video recordings and their transcripts. First, the dissertation reveals two broad types of frustration in conversational argument. The findings suggest that combined verbal and nonverbal expression of frustration involves a complex interplay of prosodic cues and embodied actions. Nonverbal expression of frustration is displayed by embodied actions alone. Second, the dissertation shows how shared joy is conveyed between storytellers and recipients in storytelling. They can achieve shared joy because the recipients express willing participation and active recipiency in two main ways: they display verbal appreciation of the story, or they join in the storytelling through laughter, smiles, head nods, and gaze exchanges. The recipients may also offer summaries or interpretations of events in the story by comparing their own experiences to events in the story. Third, the dissertation analyzes playful teasing activity, showing how teasing activity can bring about a shared experience of amusement for both teasers and their “targets.” The study argues that recipients of teasing are active contributors in the social interaction. The transient embarrassment felt by the teased participants does not prevent the exchange from reaching a shared experience of amusement
Tiivistelmä Väitöskirja tutkii tunteiden osoittamista arkisissa keskustelutilanteissa ja erityisesti väittelyn, tarinankerronnan ja kiusoittelun kuluessa. Tutkimusmetodi on pääasiassa keskustelunanalyysi, jonka avulla tutkitaan, miten kielelliset ilmaukset, prosodiset vihjeet sekä keholliset toiminnot yhdessä tuottavat tunneilmauksia. Tutkimusaineiston muodostaa kolme videoitua keskustelua ja niiden litteraatiot. Tutkimus osoittaa arkikeskusteluissa esiintyvissä väittelyissä ilmenevän kahtalaista turhautumisen tyyppiä. Ensimmäisessä puhujat tuottavat rinnan kielellisiä ja ei-kielellisiä turhautumisen ilmauksia, toisessa turhautumista osoitetaan vain ei-kielellisin keinoin. Tuloksien mukaan edellisessä tyypissä prosodia ja keholliset toiminnot ovat monimutkaisessa vuorovaikutuksessa keskenään. Jälkimmäisessä tyypissä turhautumista ilmaistaan pelkästään keholla. Toiseksi väitöskirja osoittaa, miten jaettu ilon tunne syntyy puhujien ja vastaanottajien välisenä toimintana. Tarinankerronnassa saavutetaan ilon hetkiä, koska vastaanottajat ovat halukkaasti mukana kerronnassa ja osoittavat aktiivista vastaanottoa kahdella tavalla: he osoittavat arvostusta kertomusta kohtaan verbaalisin keinoin, tai he liittyvät kerrontaan mukaan nauramalla, hymyilemällä, nyökkäilemällä, vaihtamalla katseita keskenään, referoimalla ja tulkitsemalla kertojan aiempaa puhetta formulaatioillaan ja vertailemalla omia kokemuksiaan tarinan tilanteeseen. Kolmanneksi tutkimus analysoi leikkisää kiusoittelua, joka saadaan aikaan liioittelevilla kielellisillä ilmauksilla sekä liioittelevilla prosodisilla vihjeillä ja eleillä. Tutkimus näyttää, että kiusoittelun kohteet aktiivisesti myötävaikuttavat kiusoittelutoimintaan. He voivat olla siinä mukana liioittelevilla vastausvuoroilla, nauramalla tai toimimalla mukana pelkästään eleiden avulla. Empiirinen analyysi näyttää, että kiusoittelutoiminta tuottaa yhteisen huvittuneisuuden kokemuksen keskustelun kuluessa. Kiusoittelijan ja kiusoittelun kohteen kokema ohimenevä nolous tai kiusaantuneisuus ei estä tämän yhteisen huvittuneisuuden kokemuksen saavuttamista

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25

Simioni, Leonor. "Concordância em construções passivas com argumentos pré e pós verbais e incorporação do singular nu no PB." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-20062012-142305/.

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O presente trabalho discute a concordância nas construções passivas do PB e sua relação com a ordem. No primeiro capítulo, evidenciamos que há três padrões possíveis de concordância nessas construções: concordância plena, em que particípio e auxiliar concordam plenamente com o DP; concordância parcial, em que particípio e DP concordam apenas em gênero e a concordância de número no auxiliar é opcional; e concordância default, em que particípio e auxiliar manifestam traços masculinos singulares independente da especificação do argumento. Além disso, mostramos que, à exceção do padrão de concordância default, os demais padrões são possíveis tanto com DPs pré-verbais quanto pós-verbais. Fechamos o capítulo propondo que as diferenças observadas quanto à concordância são devidas a uma reanálise do particípio devido ao enfraquecimento da concordância de número no PB, e passou a contar apenas com traço de gênero. No segundo capítulo, desenvolvemos uma detalhada discussão quanto aos modelos formais de estabelecimento da concordância sentencial e sua adequação aos dados em discussão, levando em conta a hipótese delineada no capítulo 1 quanto à especificação de traços do particípio. Concluímos que tanto as abordagens de Agree propostas por Bokovi (2007) e Nunes (2007) quanto a abordagem de movimento proposta por Hornstein (2009) dão conta dos dados, mediante alguma adaptação. Também nesse capítulo, levantamos a hipótese de que a ordem pré- ou pós-verbal dos DPs nos padrões de concordância plena e parcial são definidos em PF, mediante apagamento de cópias. O capítulo 3 é dedicado a demonstrar que a ordem V DP no PB, apesar de restrita, é possível justamente com predicados passivos e inacusativos e corresponde, nesses casos, a uma diferença na estrutura informacional em relação à ordem DP V. Além disso, discutimos alguns aspectos formais do tratamento da focalização e como seriam derivadas as ordens DP V e V DP nos dados sob análise. No quarto capítulo, discutimos o efeito de definitude no PB, as diferentes interpretações dos sintagmas nominais (fracos e fortes) e que posições podem ocupar na estrutura, relacionando-as à expressão dos juízos tético e categórico no PB (BRITTO, 1998). Também nesse capítulo, defendemos que a concordância default está relacionada à atribuição de um Caso fraco, seguindo De Hoop (1996). Mostramos ainda que um singular nu nunca dispara concordância de gênero nos particípios. Por fim, o quinto capítulo é dedicado a um exame detalhado da sintaxe e semântica dos singulares nus, a fim de explicar os efeitos encontrados ao final do capítulo 4. Nesse capítulo, defendemos que o singular nu do PB não é um DP; nossa hipótese é que esse elemento é incorporado ao verbo quando aparece em posição de objeto, e é um tópico quando em posição de sujeito, seguindo Müller (2004).
The present work discusses agreement in passive constructions in BP and its relation to the ordering of constituents. In chapter 1, we show that there are three possible patterns of agreement in these constructions: full agreement, in which both participle and auxiliary fully agree with the DP; partial agreement, in which gender agreement between participle and DP is mandatory, but number agreement with the auxiliary is optional; and default agreement, in which both participle and auxiliary surface with default values for number and gender. We also show that except for the default pattern, the other ones are possible both with pre- and postverbal DPs. Our proposal is that participle heads have been reanalized due to the loss of number agreement in BP and now host only a gender feature. Chapter 2 is devoted to a detailed discussion of Agree-based and Move-based approaches to agreement. We discuss whether each agreement system can account for the data presented in chapter 1 in light of the proposal made. We conclude that both Nunes (2007) and Bokovi (2007) approaches to Agree can deal satisfactory with the data at hand. We also raise the hypothesis that the constituent order in passive constructions is derived postsyntactically, through copy deletion at PF. In chapter 3, we show that V DP order in BP, though very restricted, is possible with passive and unaccusative predicates. In these cases, we show that such order corresponds to a difference in information structure, hence motivating copy deletion at PF. Chapter 4 is devoted to a discussion of definiteness effects in BP and the different interpretations for nominals, as well as the positions that can be occupied by weak and strong nominals in BP, and relating such matters to the expression of thetic and categoric judgements (BRITTO, 1998). We also support the conclusion that default agreement is generated by a weak Case (DE HOOP, 1996), and show that bare singulars systematically fail to trigger gender agreement on participles. Finally, chapter 5 bears on the issue of bare nominals, their use and intepretation. We claim that bare singulars are not DPs in BP and cannot freely occupy argument positions. We claim instead that bare singulars in object position are incorporated, and that bare singular generic subjects are topics (MÜLLER, 2004).

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26

Pirillo, Flávia Cunha. "Os argumentos espaciais preposicionados selecionados por verbos de deslocamento: um trabalho contrastivo português-alemão." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8144/tde-04022010-120022/.

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A presente dissertação tem como objetivo estudar os argumentos espaciais preposicionados selecionados por verbos de deslocamento de forma contrastiva em português e alemão. Para tanto, foram utilizados preceitos da gramática de valências e da gramática de casos que se pautam nos conceitos de centralidade do verbo (que seleciona os argumentos) e papel temático. Dentro do papel temático espacial, considera-se que é possível distinguir seis subtipos: origem, direção, percurso, trajetória, locativo e situativo. Para este trabalho foi feito o recolhimento de um corpus de ocorrências em português e alemão a partir de verbos de deslocamento que selecionam argumentos espaciais introduzidos por preposições. Essas ocorrências foram analisadas e classificadas semanticamente segundo os subtipos do papel espacial encontrados. Contrastando as ocorrências em português e alemão, foi possível verificar similaridades e diferenças entre as duas línguas. Foram observadas construções com o substantivo casa e Haus, a influência do verbo para a seleção do argumento espacial e as diferenças sutis entre os subtipos de papéis espaciais. Um grupo de verbos chamou a atenção por não permitir a classificação clara em um dos subgrupos. Para esses verbos, é levantada a hipótese de criação de mais um argumento espacial: o argumento espacial preposicionado de referência.
This masters thesis aims the study of prepositional spatial arguments that are taken by verbs of movement in a contrastive way in Portuguese and in German. In order to carry out this research, there were used concepts of the valency grammar and the case grammar that present the verb as the core of the sentence (which requires arguments) and the semantic role. Between the spatial semantic roles, it is considered that it is possible to find six subtypes: source, direction, path, trajectory, locative and situative. For this thesis it was collected a corpus of occurrences in Portuguese and German from verbs of movement that select spatial arguments introduced by prepositions. These occurrences were analyzed and semantically classified according to these subtypes of semantic roles. By contrasting the occurrences in Portuguese and German, it was possible to verify similarities and differences between both languages. There were observed constructions with the noun casa and Haus, the influence of the verb for the selection of the spatial argument and the small differences between the subtypes of spatial roles. A group of verbs caught the attention because they did not allow a clear classification in one of the subtypes. For these verbs it is raised the hypothesis of creation of another spatial argument: the spatial prepositional argument of reference.

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Ávila, Maria Carolina [UNESP]. "Propriedades semânticas e alternâncias sintáticas do verbo: um exercício exploratório de delimitação do significado." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93966.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A partir da hipótese de que a estrutura de argumentos projetada pelo verbo reflete aspectos da sua estrutura conceitual, esta dissertação investiga um conjunto de teorias que analisam essa interface sintaxe-semântica com o objetivo de recortar uma representação das dimensões sintática e semântica para essa classe lexical. Do ponto de vista lingüístico, analisam-se as propriedades léxico-semânticas de um conjunto de verbos do português do Brasil, extraído da base de verbos da rede WordNet.Br e nocionalmente correspondente à classe semântica dos verbos do inglês Verbos de Destitução de Posse-Verbos do Tipo 'Roubar', isolada por Levin (1993). As representações léxico-semântica e léxico-sintática fundamentam-se, respectivamente, na teoria sobre as Estruturas Conceituais de Jackendoff (1990, 2002) e na teoria sobre a Estrutura de Argumentos de Hale e Keyser (2002). Do ponto de vista lingüístico-computacional, desenvolvem-se uma estratégia de construção e refinamento dos synsets de verbos da rede WordNet.Br e uma proposta de representação formal das dimensões sintáticas e conceitual para os verbos.
This thesis presents an inquiry on the lexical-syntactic and the lexical-semantic representation of verbs from the perspective that aspects of verb's argument structure reflect its conceptual structure. In the linguistic domain, the thesis investigates both the lexical-semantic and lexical-syntactic properties of the synset of Brazilian Portuguese verbs extracted from the WordNet.Br lexical database that corresponds to Levin's (1993) class of verbs of Possessional Deprivation-Steal/Rob Verbs. The lexical-semantic and lexical-syntactic representation are grounded in Jackendoff's (1990, 2002) Semantic Structures Theory and Hale and Keyser's (2002) Argument Structure Theory, respectively. In the computational-linguistic domain, it presents both a strategy for constructing and refining the WordNet.Br verb synsets and a formal representation for describing the syntactic and conceptual dimensions of verbs.

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Melo, Sara Azevedo Santos de. "Padr?es de estrutura argumental com os verbos de percep??o ver e olhar." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22551.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho consiste em analisar os padr?es de estrutura argumental em que os verbos de percep??o ver e olhar podem ocorrer. Objetiva-se, especificamente, examinar a configura??o argumental desses verbos, agrupando-os pelo tipo de estrutura argumental que manifestam, determinar os casos sem?nticos dos argumentos expressos na ora??o, analisar aspectos morfossint?ticos e discursivo-pragm?ticos desses argumentos e verificar se h? rela??o entre um dado tipo de estrutura argumental e tipo textual. Quanto aos procedimentos metodol?gicos, o trabalho envolve tanto aspectos quantitativos (relativos ? frequ?ncia de uso dos padr?es identificados) quanto qualitativos (relacionados ?s motiva??es cognitivas e discursivo-pragm?ticas implicadas no uso). Os bancos de dados tomados como fonte para an?lise s?o o Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998) e o Banco Conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2011). A pesquisa fundamenta-se nos pressupostos defendidos pela Lingu?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU), conforme Furtado da Cunha, Bispo e Silva (2013), agregando contribui??es da tend?ncia Cognitivo-funcional, defendida por Tomasello (1998). Ap?s an?lise dos resultados, verificou-se que o verbo ver parece ser o mais protot?pico ? tanto na escrita quanto na oralidade ? por apresentar maior frequ?ncia e por ser empregado em v?rios contextos, provavelmente porque a vis?o ? o sentido mais b?sico do ser humano. Olhar, por sua vez, apareceu em uma quantidade menor de ocorr?ncias, dependendo do sentido empregado, o que pode tamb?m caracterizar apenas uma prefer?ncia do falante. Constatou-se, assim, que, apesar de n?o haver diferen?as na escolha entre um e outro verbo, h? diverg?ncias entre fala e escrita, ou seja, os verbos de percep??o em estudo formam um grupo heterog?neo.
This work consists of analyzing the argument structure patterns in which the perception verbs ver and olhar in portuguese may occur. Aim to specifically examine the argument configuration of verbs, grouping them by type of argument structure that manifest, determine the semantic cases of arguments expressed in sentence, analyzing morphosyntactic and discursive-pragmatic aspects of these arguments and verify if there is a relationship between a given type of argument structure and textual type. As the methodological procedures, the work involves both quantitative (relating to frequency of use of the identified standards) and qualitative aspects (related to cognitive and discursive-pragmatic motivations involved in use). Databases taken as a source for analysis are the Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998) and the Banco Conversacional de Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 2011). The research is based on the assumptions upheld by the Usage-based Functional Linguistics (LFCU), as Furtado da Cunha, Bispo and Silva (2013), adding contributions from Cognitive-functional trend, defended by Tomasello (1998). After preliminary analysis of the results, it was found that the verb ver (see) seems to be the most prototypical ? both in writing and in oral ? due to present more often and be used in various contexts, probably because the view is the most basic sense of the human being. Olhar (look), in turn, appeared in a smaller number of occurrences, depending on the meaning employed, which may also characterize one speaker preference. It was found, therefore, that although there are no differences in the choice between one verb and another, there are differences between speech and writing, in other words the perception verbs forms a heterogeneous group.

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Henrique, Marta Aparecida Broietti. "Sequências didáticas para o argumentar em curso de Pedagogia : a produção escrita da crônica argumentativa e da resenha crítica /." São José do Rio Preto, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181121.

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Orientador: Lília Santos Abreu-Tardelli
Banca: Solange Aranha
Banca: Douglas Altamiro Consolo
Banca: Glaís Sales Cordeiro
Banca: Luzia Bueno
Resumo: O objetivo geral deste trabalho é compreender a progressão no desenvolvimento das práticas de escrita em língua materna de gêneros argumentativos a partir do ensino sistematizado em um projeto composto por duas sequências didáticas (ferramentas de ensino-aprendizagem que consistem em um conjunto de atividades organizadas para a produção de gêneros textuais) voltadas para a tipologia do argumentar. Com esse objetivo, o trabalho almeja defender a tese de que é possível ampliar a capacidade de argumentar com base em um projeto construído em torno de diferentes gêneros (neste caso, a crônica argumentativa e a resenha crítica), organizado em um conjunto de atividades elaboradas para desenvolver práticas de linguagem, com vistas aos alunos de um curso de ensino superior em Pedagogia. A pesquisa, fundamentada em princípios teóricos e metodológicos do interacionismo sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 1999, 2006, 2008) e dos estudos da Didática de Línguas do grupo de Genebra (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004), mostra a mobilização das capacidades de linguagem (ação, discursiva, linguístico-discursiva) nas produções escritas resultantes de um processo de aplicação da sequência didática, norteada pelo contexto de produção, pela infraestrutura e pelos mecanismos de textualização e enunciativos da crônica argumentativa e da resenha crítica. Nesse sentido, o estudo retrata o processo de desenvolvimento da escrita em contexto acadêmico, buscando discutir os avanços alcançados e as dificuldades apresentadas...
Abstract: The main aim of this study is to understand the progression in the development of firstlanguage writing practices of argumentative genres, resulted from the teaching that was systematized in a project consisting of two didactic sequences (teaching and learning tools that consist of a set of activities organized for the production of textual genres) with a focus on the argumentative typology. With that aim, this study seeks to support the thesis that it is possible to expand the capacity of producing argumentative texts by carrying out a project designed for different genres (in this case, the argumentative crônica and the critical review), organized in a set of activities created to develop language practices, with a focus on undergraduate students in Pedagogy at a private institution. This research, conducted according to the theoretical and methodological principles of the Socio-discursive Interactionism (BRONCKART, 1999, 2006, 2008) and the studies by the Geneva group of Didactics of Languages (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004), shows the mobilization of language capacities (action, discursive and socio-discursive) in the writing productions resulted from the process of applying a didactic sequence, planned according to the production context, the infra-structure and the textualizing and enunciative mechanisms of the argumentative crônica and the critical review. In this sense, this study shows the process of the development in writing in an academic context, with the aim of ...
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Costa, Sheyla Patricia Trindade da Silva. "A constru??o de estrutura argumental com verbos de cogni??o no portugu?s brasileiro." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/23746.

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Esta tese se debru?a especificamente sobre a constru??o com verbos de cogni??o, os quais correspondem a um dos subtipos de verbos de processos mentais, ao lado dos que expressam processos de percep??o, de afei??o e de desejo (HALLIDAY, 1985; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004). Os processos mentais de cogni??o est?o relacionados ? decis?o, ? considera??o ou ? cren?a, ? mem?ria e ? compreens?o e podem ser expressos por verbos como decidir, considerar, achar, supor, crer, acreditar, confiar, imaginar, lembrar, esquecer, saber, descobrir, entender, conhecer e pensar. O corpus da pesquisa ? composto por textos orais e escritos de alunos do ensino m?dio, extra?dos do Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998). Nosso objetivo geral ? investigar a constru??o com verbos de cogni??o no portugu?s do Brasil. O suporte te?rico adotado ? o da Lingu?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso, um modelo te?rico-metodol?gico que absorve princ?pios, processos e categorias integrantes da Lingu?stica Funcional Norte-americana e da Lingu?stica Cognitiva. Os resultados obtidos apresentam dezessete verbos utilizados para expressar catorze valores sem?nticos relacionados aos processos mentais de cogni??o. A partir dos dados coletados, procedemos ? caracteriza??o morfossint?tica e sem?ntica dos complementos desses verbos. Tamb?m identificamos a constru??o de estrutura argumental com verbos de cogni??o no PB e tr?s subesquemas dela derivados, dentre os quais um ? instanciado na grande maioria dos construtos e se configura, portanto, como a estrutura protot?pica desse tipo de verbo. Constatamos, ainda, semelhan?as entre nossos resultados e os de pesquisa empreendida sobre verbos de cogni??o em espanhol.
This paper focuses specifically on the construction with cognition verbs, which correspond to one of the subtypes of mental processes verbs, along with the processes of perception, affection and desire (HALLIDAY, 1985; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2004). Mental cognition processes are related to the decision, the consideration or belief, memory and understanding and can be expressed by verbs such as decidir (to decide), considerar (to consider), achar (to think), supor (to assume), crer (to believe), acreditar (to rely on), confiar (to trust) imaginar (to imagine), lembrar (to remember), esquecer (to forget) saber (to know), descobrir (to find), entender (to understand) conhecer (to know) and pensar (to think). The corpus of the research consists of oral and written texts of high school students, drawn from Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998). Our overall objective is to identify the construction of prototypical argument structure of cognition verbs in Portuguese in Brazil. The theoretical approache adopted is the Usage-Based Functional Linguistics, a theoretical and methodological model that absorbs principles, processes and categories members of North-America Functional and Cognitive Linguistics. The results show seventeen verbs used to express fourteen semantic values related to the mental processes of cognition. From the collected data, we proceed to the morphosyntactic and semantic characterization of the complements of these verbs. We have also identified the plot structure construction with cognition verbs in PB and three subschemas derived therefrom, of which one is instantiated in most constructs and configures therefore as the prototypical structure of this type of verb. We also found similarities between our results and those of research undertaken on cognition verbs in Spanish.

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Vieira, Marcia Maria Damaso. "O fenomeno da não-configuracionalidade na lingua Asurini do Trocara : um problema derivado da projeção dos argumentos verbais." [s.n.], 1993. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/270377.

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Orientador: Mary Aizawa Kato , Eloise Jelinek
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Não tem resumo na obra impressa. Base IEL resumo: O objetivo principal da tese foi confrontar dentro do modelo paramétrico da Teoria Relativa as hipóteses de Jelinek (1985, 1992) e de Baker (1990) sobre a projeção dos argumentos verbais em línguas de sintagmas nominais adjuntos, como é o caso do Asurini do Trocará. Foi demonstrado que em Asurini, os argumentos são realizados na sintaxe na forma de afixos/clíticos na morfologia verbal, conforme a proposta de Jelinek e em oposição à tese defendida por Baker de que os argumentos são expressos na sintaxe dessas línguas por meio de categorias vazias. Vários fatos sintáticos observados em Asurini são explicados através da hipótese aqui defendida, a saber: (I) A ausência de movimento-QU nas estruturas interrogativas; (II) a ocorrência de construções relativas com pronome resumptivo; (III) a natureza lexical da incorporação (nominal e verbal); (IV) a inexistência de estruturas que identifiquem a presença de categorias vazias, como ilhas sintáticas; (V) a irrelevância dos princípios da Teoria da Ligação.
Abstract: Not informed.
Doutorado
Doutor em Ciências

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Carvalho, Janayna Maria da Rocha. "A morfossintaxe do português brasileiro e sua estrutura argumental: uma investigação sobre anticausativas, médias, impessoais e a alternância agentiva." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-26082016-142257/.

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Esta tese estuda quatro construções que tiveram/estão tendo mudanças em sua sintaxe no português brasileiro (PB). São elas: anticausativas, como em (1) O prato (se) quebrou: médias, como em (2) Essa roupa (se) lava fácil, o membro inacusativo da alternância agentiva, (3) Essa roupa lavou (*se) ontem e impessoais, como (4) Nesse lugar (se) vende bota. Afirmo que as mudanças nas estruturas desses eventos possuem uma origem em comum: a perda de SE que nucleia um tipo de projeção Voice específica. Essa projeção de Voice pode ou não projetar um especificador em que um argumento implícito pro é alocado. Quando essa projeção de Voice tem o especificador projetado, origina-se a interpretação de que um humano é responsável pelo evento. Essa é a interpretação em médias e impessoais com SE. Nos casos em que a projeção de Voice não tem o especificador projetado, a leitura que se tem é de um evento espontâneo que aconteceu sem que um Agente o promovesse, como em anticausativas. Em relação a esse argumento implícito em alguns dos eventos tratados, no Capítulo 2, demonstro que uma série de diferenças dos eventos estudados em relação a outras línguas românicas está relacionada ao tipo de argumento implícito projetado em Voice. O argumento implícito em PB é forte, comportando-se como um DP e funcionando como um interventor em função da sua constituição. Em contraste, o argumento implícito em espanhol, por exemplo, é fraco e não é um interventor em relações de Agree de uma sonda com mais de um argumento (nos casos em que essas relações são lícitas). Essa característica é responsável por diferenças significativas entre os eventos com SE do PB e de outras línguas românicas, algumas das quais foram exploradas nesta tese. Um caminho analítico empregado em vários dos capítulos desta tese é cotejo das variantes marcadas e não marcadas dos eventos estudados acima. No Capítulo 3, lido com anticausativas marcadas e suas contrapartes não marcadas e demonstro que nada mudou na estrutura desse evento com a perda de SE. Isso é esperado, já que anticausativas só possuem um argumento e SE tem o único papel de nuclear Voice. No Capítulo 4, estudo médias marcadas e não-marcadas e demonstro que houve uma alteração substancial na sintaxe desses eventos. Médias não-marcadas não possuem nenhum argumento implícito e são inacusativas para todos os testes relevantes. Isso mostra que as médias não-marcadas em PB se distanciam de médias não-marcadas do inglês, por exemplo, que são descritas como sentenças transitivas. Nesse caso, a perda de SE levou à perda de Voice. No Capítulo 5, estudo o membro inacusativo da alternância agentiva, exemplo em (4), e mostro que, apesar de esse tipo de evento não se combinar com SE, o que aponta que não há Voice nucleada por SE nas sentenças que expressam esse tipo de evento, elas são um subproduto da existência de médias inacusativas não-marcadas no PB. Isto é, sentenças como Essa roupa lavou ontem são uma generalização dos contextos em que uma estrutura como Essa roupa lava fácil pode entrar. Nesse sentido, essas sentenças também estão relacionadas com a perda de um tipo de Voice específico no PB, mas de uma forma indireta. Por último, no Capítulo 6, estudo sentenças impessoais e mostro que a variante não-marcada é talvez um dos eventos estudados nesta tese em que mais houve mudanças, porque essas sentenças sinalizam também uma mudança em TP. Ao contrário de médias e o membro inacusativo da alternância agentiva, todavia, sentenças impessoais necessitam de um argumento externo. Em sentenças como Nesse lugar (se) vende bota, o locativo é o especificador de Voice. Esse elemento é usado nesse tipo de sentença locativa justamente porque locativos geram leituras existenciais. Em suma, este estudo descreve uma série de mudanças em eventos do PB que acontecem, em última análise, em virtude da perda de morfologia nessa língua. O estudo contribui, assim, para dois debates maiores: i) de que forma mudanças de parâmetro podem afetar os eventos da gramática; ii) se eventos são melhor descritos por abordagens lexicais ou sintáticas. Os resultados aqui reportados mostram que mudanças de parâmetros podem afetar eventos, embora não essa não seja uma característica definidora do parâmetro pro-drop, por exemplo. Além disso, os dados do PB mostram que eventos concebidos como fruto de alternâncias lexicais em muitas abordagens atuais, como anticausativas e médias, mudam de acordo com tendências sintáticas da língua e são melhor tratadas em abordagens sintáticas em virtude disso.
In this thesis, I study four constructions that have changed in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), namely anticausatives, as in (1) The plate (se) broke; middles, as in (2) These clothes (se) wash easily; the unaccusative member of the agentive alternation, (3) This cloth (*se) washed yesterday and impersonals, as in (4) In this place (se) sell boots. I argue that all these changes are related to the loss of a Voice projection whose nucleus is the clitic SE. The said projection can or cannot project a specifier, in which pro is merged. When pro is present, the interpretation of an entity responsible for the event originates. This is found in middles and impersonal sentences with SE. As anticausatives are spontaneous events, in this particular case, this type of Voice does not project a specifier. In respect to the implicit argument in some of these events, in Chapter 2, I show that several contrasts among these events in Romance languages can be accounted for if there are different types of implicit arguments. Whereas the implicit argument in BP is strong, i.e. it behaves as a regular DP and intervenes in Agree relations, in Spanish it is a weak implicit argument and does not intervene when the probe enters in a relationship with more than one goal. These constituency differences are responsible for the differences between events with SE in BP and other languages, some of them are treated in this thesis. Throughout the analysis, I compare the SE-variant with its alternative realization without the clitic. In Chapter 3, I deal with marked anticausatives and their unmarked counterparts. I claim that nothing really changed in this case despite the loss of SE. This is expected, since Voiced anticausatives do not project an implicit argument. In Chapter 4, I deal with marked and unmarked middles, showing a substantial change in their structure. There is no implicit argument in unmarked middles and they behave as generic unaccusative for all relevant tests. This shows that unmarked middles in BP differ from English middles, which are normally analyzed as transitive or unergatives. In this case, the loss of SE led to the loss of Voice. In Chapter 5, I study the unaccusative member of the agentive alternation, exemplified by (3). I argue that, although SE is not licensed in this type of event, which shows that there is no Voice in it, they are a byproduct of unmarked middles in BP. In other words, sentences like This cloth washed yesterday (lit.) are a generalization over the contexts in which This cloth washes easily is licensed. For this reason, these sentences are also related to the loss of a specific type of Voice in BP, albeit in an indirect way. Finally, in Chapter 6, I study impersonal sentences. The unmarked variant of this type of event is perhaps the most affected one, since the changes do not affect only Voice, but also T. Unlike middles and the unaccusative member of the agentive alternation, however, impersonal sentences need an external argument. In sentences such as (4), the locative is the specifier of Voice. This element is used because locatives generate existential readings. To sum up, this study describes a series of changes in BP events that happened ultimately due to the loss of morphology in this language. This study contributes to two major debates: i) in which way changes of parameter can affect events; ii) if events are better described by lexical or syntactic approaches. The results reported in this thesis indicate that parametrical changes can affect events, even though this is not a defining property of the pro-drop parameter. In respect to (ii), BP data shows that events traditionally treated by lexical approaches, as anticausatives and middles, are tied in with general morphossyntactic changes in the language and are thus better explained by syntactic approaches.

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Perek, Florent. "Verbs, Constructions, Alternations : Usage-based perspectives on argument realization." Thesis, Lille 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL30036.

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L’objectif général de la présente thèse est d’évaluer dans quelle mesure la grammaire des verbes, aussi appelée complémentation verbale, peut être basée sur l’usage de la langue. La linguistique de l’usage (usage-based approach) constitue un récent changement de paradigme dans les sciences du langage, qui défend l’idée que la grammaire est un inventaire dynamique d’unités symboliques qui émergent et sont constamment redéfinies par l’usage de la langue. En adoptant une approche constructionnelle de la complémentation verbale et sur la base de données de l’anglais, nous traitons la question de la relation entre la grammaire des verbes et leur usage à trois niveaux d’organisation.Au niveau des verbes, nous comparons des résultats expérimentaux à des données de corpus, et trouvons que les plus fréquentes valences d’un verbe sont traitées plus facilement, ce qui montre que la valence est basée sur l’usage. Au niveau des constructions, nous montrons que, dans le cas de la construction conative, il est possible de formuler le sens d’une construction sur la base du sens des verbes en se plaçant au niveau de classes sémantiques, mais moins facilement au niveau le plus abstrait. Nous considérons ceci comme une preuve supplémentaire de l’importance des schémas de bas niveau sur les généralisations abstraites. Au niveau des alternances, nous suggérons que la productivité verbale peut être basée sur des relations d’alternances. Nous montrons que l’alternance dative présente une asymétrie en productivité, et que cette asymétrie peut être expliquée par des différences correspondantes en termes du nombre de verbes utilisés dans chaque construction
The general goal of this thesis is to investigate to what extent the grammar of verbs, also called argument realization, can be based on linguistic usage. The usage-based approach is a recent paradigm shift in linguistics which takes the view that grammar is a dynamic inventory of symbolic conventions that emerges through, and is likewise shaped by, actual language use. Adopting a constructional approach to argument structure and on the basis of English data, we address the question of the usage basis of argument realization at three levels of organization.At the level of verbs, we compare experimental results to usage data, and find that more frequent valency patterns of a verb are processed more easily. These findings provide evidence for the usage basis of valency. At the level of constructions, we show that, in the case of the conative construction, it is possible to formulate constructional generalizations on the basis of verbal meaning at the level of semantically defined verb classes, but not so easily at the most abstract level. We take this as further evidence of the importance of lower-level schemas over broad generalizations. At the level of alternations, we present usage-based evidence that productivity can be based on alternation relations. We report that the dative alternation displays a productivity asymmetry, and we show that these differences can be explained by corresponding asymmetries in type frequencies

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Delhem, Romain. "Verbes labiles et schémas de complémentation en anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL068.

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Dans le cadre des approches constructionistes, cette thèse étudie les verbes labiles de l’anglais, qui peuvent manifester des configurations syntaxiques variées sans changer de forme. L’étude de la complémentation de ces verbes montre que leur catégorisation en familles sémantiques est pertinente mais pas suffisante pour expliquer leur comportement. La thèse défend une approche syncrétique de la complémentation du verbe qui rend compte de son importante productivité et de ses limites parfois arbitraires. Une analyse montre que les verbes ont tous une configuration syntaxique par défaut, qui n’est pas signifiante et qui permet simplement au verbe d’exprimer ses arguments de façon non marquée, en accord avec certains principes de cohérence conceptuelle. À l’inverse, lorsque la complémentation du verbe a un apport sémantique identifiable, l’existence de schémas de complémentation pleinement signifiants est postulée. Il s’agit d’ensembles de compléments dont le sens est distinct de celui du verbe auquel ils sont associés et se retrouve de façon régulière avec des verbes de catégories diverses. Il est démontré que les schémas de complémentation doivent être considérés comme des unités linguistiques de plein droit de l’anglais. Cela implique qu’en synchronie, ces schémas sont emmagasinés par les locuteurs plutôt que le résultat d’un processus d’analogie avec des constructions existantes. Leur statut d’unité linguistique permet d’étudier leur sémantisme de la même façon que des unités lexicales plus classiques. S’ils sont en majorité polysémiques, certains schémas ont des emplois difficiles à relier sémantiquement et doivent donc être considérés comme des homonymes
Within a constructionist framework, this thesis studies English labile verbs, which can enter into various syntactic configurations without changing form. A study of their complementation shows that categorizing them into semantic families is relevant but not sufficient to explain their behavior. The thesis defends a syncretic approach to verb complementation to that accounts for its important productivity and its sometimes arbitrary limits. It is shown that all verbs have a default syntactic configuration, which is not meaningful and which simply allows the verb to express its arguments in an unmarked way, in accordance with certain principles of conceptual coherence. Conversely, when the complementation of the verb has an identifiable semantic contribution, the existence of fully meaningful patterns of complementation is posited. These are defined as sets of complements, whose meaning is distinct from that of the verb with which they are associated and is found regularly with verbs of diverse categories. It is shown that patterns of complementation should be considered fully-fledged English linguistic units. This implies that synchronically, these patterns are mentally stored by speakers rather than the result of a process of analogy with existing constructions. Their status as linguistic units makes it possible to study their meaning in the same way as more classical lexical units. Although most of them are polysemic, some patterns of complementation exhibit uses that are difficult to link semantically and must therefore be viewed as homonyms

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C?sar, Alan Marinho. "A rede construcional dos verbos de movimento transitivos diretos." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20430.

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Investigamos, nesta dissertac?a?o, a construc?a?o com verbos de movimento seguidos de objeto direto (VMTD). Nossa ana?lise buscou revelar as diferenc?as de sentido desses verbos, propondo uma classificac?a?o sinta?tico-sema?ntica que toma por base as relac?o?es entre o verbo e seus argumentos. Utilizamos, como fonte de dados, o Corpus Discurso & Grama?tica: a li?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998), que nos permitiu flagrar o objeto de estudo tal como ele se manifesta nas interac?o?es sociocomunicativas. O quadro teo?rico conjuga os princi?pios da Lingui?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU) e da Lingui?stica Cognitiva, em especial da Grama?tica de Construc?o?es. A ana?lise mostrou que os VMTD podem ter enquadres sema?nticos diferentes, se levarmos em considerac?a?o o(s) participante(s) que se move(m) ou o tipo de afetamento que pode(m) sofrer como conseque?ncia da ac?a?o verbal. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que esses enquadres fazem parte de dois esquemas ba?sicos, movimento e deslocamento, que licenciam tre?s tipos de subesquemas, manipulac?a?o, trajeto e transporte, que, por sua vez, licenciam microconstruc?o?es, definidas com base nos pape?is sema?nticos desempenhados por seus argumentos. Esta dissertac?a?o apresenta uma proposta de classificac?a?o dos verbos de movimento transitivos diretos, dispostos em uma rede construcional que organiza hierarquicamente os esquemas cognitivos relativamente distintos que esses verbos conceitualizam.
The purpose of this research is to investigate the construction of verbs of movement followed by direct object (VMTD). Our analysis aimed to reveal the differences in meaning of these verbs, proposing a syntactic-semantic classification, which is based on the relationship between the verb and its arguments. The Corpus Discurso & Grama?tica: a li?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998) was used as the database which allowed us to capture the subject of study as it is manifested in social communicative interactions. The theoretical framework combines the principles of Lingui?stica Funcional Centrada no Uso (LFCU) and Cognitive Linguistics, especially the Construction Grammar. The analysis showed that the VMTD may have different semantic framings, if we consider the participant which moves or the type of influence it can undergo as a consequence of the verbal action. The results indicated that these framings are part of two basic schemes, movement and displacement, which license three types of subschemas, manipulation, traversing and bringing, which, in turn, license micro-constructions defined according to the semantic roles played by its arguments. This paper proposes a classification for transitive verbs of movement arranged in a constructional network which hierarchically organize the relatively distinct cognitive schemes relatively distinct which these verbs conceptualize.

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Börstell, Carl. "Object marking in the signed modality : Verbal and nominal strategies in Swedish Sign Language and other sign languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141669.

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In this dissertation, I investigate various aspects of object marking and how these manifest themselves in the signed modality. The main focus is on Swedish Sign Language (SSL), the national sign language of Sweden, which is the topic of investigation in all five studies. Two of the studies adopt a comparative perspective, including other sign languages as well. The studies comprise a range of data, including corpus data, elicited production, and acceptability judgments, and combine quantitative and qualitative methods in the analyses. The dissertation begins with an overview of the topics of valency, argument structure, and object marking, primarily from a spoken language perspective. Here, the interactions between semantics and morphosyntax are presented from a typological perspective, introducing differential object marking as a key concept. With regard to signed language, object marking is discussed in terms of both verbal and nominal strategies. Verbal strategies of object marking among sign languages include directional verbs, object handshape classifiers, and embodied perspective in signing. The first study investigates the use of directionality and object handshapes as object marking strategies in Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), Israeli Sign Language (ISL), and SSL. It is shown that the strategies generally display different alignments in terms of the types of objects targeted, which is uniform across languages, but that directionality is much more marginal in ABSL than in the other two languages. Also, we see that there is a connection between object marking strategies and the animacy of the object, and that the strategies, object animacy, and word order preferences interact. In the second and third studies, SSL is investigated with regard to the transitive–reflexive distinction. Here, we see that there are interactional effects between object handshapes and the perspective taken by the signer. This points to intricate iconic motivations of combining and structuring complex verb sequences, such as giving preference to agent focusing structures (e.g., agent perspective and handling handshapes). Furthermore, the use of space is identified as a crucial strategy for reference tracking, especially when expressing semantically transitive events. Nominal strategies include object pronouns and derivations of the sign PERSON. The fourth study provides a detailed account of the object pronoun OBJPRO in SSL, which is the first in-depth description of this sign. It is found that the sign is in widespread use in SSL, often corresponds closely to object pronouns of spoken Swedish, and is argued to be grammaticalized from the lexical sign PERSON. In the final study, the possible existence of object pronouns in other sign languages is investigated by using a sample of 24 languages. This analysis reveals that the feature is found mostly in the Nordic countries, suggesting areal contact phenomena. However, the study also shows that there are a number of derivations of PERSON, such as reflexive pronouns, agreement auxiliaries, and case markers. The use of PERSON as a source of grammaticalization for these functions is attributed to both semantic and phonological properties of the sign. This dissertation is unique in that it is dedicated to the topic of object marking in the signed modality. It brings a variety of perspectives and methods together in order to investigate the domain of object marking, cross-linguistically and cross-modally.

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Ara?jo, Fabiano de Carvalho. "Caminhos a trilhar: um estudo sobre os verbos de movimento no portugu?s brasileiro." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM ESTUDOS DA LINGUAGEM, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24117.

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Este trabalho tem como objeto de estudo os verbos de movimento e seu objetivo ? analisar o estatuto sint?tico-sem?ntico e discursivo-pragm?tico das ora??es com verbos de movimento. A hip?tese adotada ? que os verbos de movimento constituem uma classe de verbos heterog?nea, cujas subclasses apresentam caracter?sticas pr?prias. A pesquisa segue uma abordagem cognitivo-funcional da linguagem, por reconhecer as contribui??es dadas tanto por linguistas funcionais como Talmy Giv?n, Paul Hopper, Sandra Thompson, quanto por linguistas cognitivos como Michael Tomasello, George Lakoff, entre outros. Os dados foram retirados de duas fontes: (i) Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998); (ii) not?cias publicadas em s?tios eletr?nicos. As ora??es com verbos de movimento encontradas nesses textos foram submetidos ?s seguintes an?lises: (i) classifica??o desses verbos, de acordo com a vis?o tradicional de transitividade; (ii) distin??o dos tipos sem?nticos dos verbos de acordo com a proposta de Borba (1996); (iii) identifica??o dos pap?is sem?nticos dos argumentos dos verbos de acordo Giv?n (2001), Andrews (1985) e Can?ado (2005); (iv) an?lise dos tra?os sem?nticos presentes no significado do verbo em conformidade com Talmy (1985); (v) an?lise do status informacional dos argumentos nominais dos verbos de movimento pela proposta de Prince (1981); (vi) aferi??o do grau de transitividade das ora??es segundo a proposta de Hopper e Thompson (1980); (vii) averigua??o da adequa??o das ora??es ?s restri??es da estrutura argumental preferida; e (viii) retomada dos par?metros estudados que favorecem uma categoriza??o dos verbos de movimento. Esta pesquisa revelou que os verbos estudados n?o constituem uma categoria uniforme, sendo poss?vel definir subclasses com caracter?sticas semelhantes entre si. As diferen?as entre os verbos de diferentes subclasses se deram de duas formas: (i) uma classe apresenta um par?metro e as outras n?o; (ii) todas as subclasses apresentam o mesmo par?metro com intensidade diferente.
This work aims to study motion verbs and its purpose is to analyze the syntacticsemantic and discursive-pragmatic status of the clauses in which they occur. The hypothesis adopted is that the motion verbs constitute a class of heterogeneous verbs, whose subgroups have their own characteristics. The research follows a cognitive-functional approach to language by recognizing the contributions of both functional linguists such as Talmy Giv?n, Paul Hopper, Sandra Thompson, and cognitive linguists such as Michael Tomasello, George Lakoff, and others. Data were taken from two sources: (i) Corpus Discurso & Gram?tica: a l?ngua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998); (ii) News published in websites. The sentences with motion verbs found in these texts were submitted to the following analyzes: (i) Classification of these verbs, according to the traditional view of transitivity; (ii) Distinction of the semantic types of the verbs according to the Borba?s (1996) proposal; (iii) Identification of the semantic roles of the verbal arguments according to Giv?n (2001), Andrews (1985) and Can?ado (2005); (iv) Analysis of the semantic features present in the verb's meaning according to Talmy (1985); (v) Analysis of the informational status of the nominal arguments of motion verbs by Prince's proposal (1981); (vi) Measurement of the transitivity degree of the clauses according to the proposal of Hopper and Thompson (1980); (vii) Ascertaining the adequacy of the sentences to the constraints of the preferred argument structure; and (viii) Review of the studied parameters favoring a categorization of movement verbs. This research revealed that the verbs studied do not constitute a uniform category, being possible to define subclasses with characteristics similar to each other. The differences between motion verbs occurred in two ways: (i) One group has one parameter and the other does not; (ii) All subclasses have the same parameter with different intensity.

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Fan, Ying. "Serial verb constructions in Mandarin Chinese and Jinjiang Southern Min." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/serial-verb-constructions-in-mandarin-chinese-and-jinjiang-southern-min(965bd89d-af9a-446a-9cbe-19d90a0d9344).html.

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This study identifies two syntactically distinguishable types of Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs) in Mandarin Chinese (MC) and Jinjiang Southern Min (JSM), corresponding to the nuclear and core distinction made in Role and Reference Grammar (Foley and Van Valin 1984, Foley and Olson 1985, Van Valin and LaPolla 1997). This distinction is also made on the basis of a general consensus of the cross-linguistic classifications of the processes of monoclausal multi-verb construction formation (e.g., Butt 1993, 1997, Baker and Harvey 2010): namely, predicate fusion and argument fusion. In this study, I propose two sets of diagnostics to establish the distinction; these go beyond the range covered in previous studies (e.g., Olson 1981, Foley and Olson 1985, Crowley 2002, Chang 2007). In the first set of diagnostics in this study, seven inter-clausal diagnostics are considered as the threshold where the behaviours of bi-clausal structures and SVCs split. These diagnostics include independent negation, passivisation of the object of V2, independent modification by temporal adverbial, independent marking of viewpoint aspect, independent modification by manner adverbial, prosodic structure and the Coordinate Structure Constraint (Ross 1967) that is employed in a more restricted manner. In the second set of diagnostics, four intra-clausal diagnostics are adopted to make the distinction between nuclear and core SVCs, which include passivisation of O1, insertion of intervening material, coordination within the SVC, and obligatory topicalisation of undergoer argument. Of particular interest is the possibility that the same string of verbs may occur in superficially similar, but structurally different, SVCs: for example, the Cause-Effect SVC and the Excessive SVC. The diagnostics employed in this study are proposed as a novel method to establish the distinction between the SVCs and the bi-clausal structures, and more importantly, between core and nuclear types of SVC. Contributing to the originality of the new method of diagnosing the status of the SVCs proposed in this study, I add five novel diagnostics, such as passivisation of the object of V2, independent marking of viewpoint aspect, tone sandhi between adjacent verbs, coordination within the SVC and obligatory topicalisation of the undergoer argument, in addition to those that have been employed in the literature. I restrict myself to data of MC and JSM in discussing the rationale of the diagnostics. However, this novel method of identifying SVCs is expected to be cross-linguistically applicable with consistent results, while at the same time allowing for the possibility of cross-linguistic differences in the semantic sub-types of SVCs identified in each language.

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Malik, Mohamed Mahdi. "Structures prédicatives nominales en Anglais : acquisition de données lexicales pour l'analyse automatique de textes." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22017/document.

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Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux relations qui peuvent exister entre des prédicats verbaux(ex : to regulate) et des prédicats nominaux (ex : regulation) dont les structures argumentales mettent enjeu des informations communes. Nous nous livrons à une formalisation des conditions dans lesquelles se réalisent des relations d’équivalence entre les constructions verbales et nominales. La mise en évidence de l’équivalence des structures argumentales de ces deux types de constructions est fondamentale pour pouvoir réaliser, par exemple, des systèmes d’extraction automatique d’informations très performants. En se basant sur les données du lexique The Specialist Lexicon, nous proposons une prédiction raisonnable du comportement syntaxique des arguments nominaux, de différents groupes nominaux prédicatifs(GNpréd), lorsqu’ils sont en position de postmodifieur. Cette étude nous a conduit à concevoir un ensemble d’algorithmes et à développer une plate-forme, Predicate DB, qui nous a permis de produire un lexique de nominalisations. Pour chaque entrée appartenant à ce lexique, nous avons caractérisé ses structures argumentales et ses réalisations dans des GNpréd dont les arguments sont marqués par des prépositions spécifiques
In this thesis, we focus on the relation that may exist between verbal predicates (e.g., regulate)and nominal predicates (e.g., regulation) whose argument structures involve common information.We make a formalization of the conditions in which equivalent relations between verbal and nominalconstructions are carried out. Bringing out the equivalence of argument structures between these twotypes of constructions is fundamental for achieving, for example, very efficient Information Extractionsystems. Based on data from the Specialist Lexicon, we propose a reasonable prediction of the syntacticbehavior of nominal arguments, which belong to different predicate noun phrases (PNPs), when theyare in postmodifier position. This study has led us to design a set of algorithms and develop a platform,PredicateDB, to produce a lexicon of nominalizations. For each entry belonging to this lexicon, we havedefined its argument structures and achievements in PNPs whose arguments are marked by specificprepositions

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Valdeson, Fredrik. "Argumentstruktur i förändring : Verben sända och giva i fornsvenska och äldre nysvenska." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för nordiska språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264113.

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Uppsatsen behandlar konstruktionsmönster vid de bitransitiva verben sända och giva i äldre fornsvenska, yngre fornsvenska och äldre nysvenska. I uppsatsen undersöks dels fördelningen mellan de fyra konstruktionsalternativen DAT-ACK, ACK-DAT, PP-ACK och ACK-PP för sända respektive giva under var och en av de undersökta perioderna, dels vilka semantiska och informationsstrukturella faktorer som ligger bakom valet av en viss konstruktionsvariant vid ett visst verb under en viss tidsperiod. Resultaten visar att för verbet sända föreligger inga signifikanta skillnader i fördelningen av konstruktionsalternativ mellan de tre tidsperioderna. Verbet konstrueras med ACK-PP i över hälften av fallen under alla tidsperioderna, medan DAT-ACK genomgående står för ungefär en tredjedel av beläggen. Verbet giva uppvisar däremot en signifikant minskad användning av ACK-DAT mellan yngre fornsvenska och äldre nysvenska, medan bruket av ACK-PP ökar under samma period. Mellan äldre fornsvenska och yngre fornsvenska ökar bruket av DAT-ACK, medan ACK-PP blir ovanligare. Båda dessa tendenser beror dock på en specifik användning av ACK-PP i Fornsvenska legendariet, och speglar förmodligen inte utvecklingen i språket som helhet. Vad gäller de informationsstrukturella faktorerna påverkar dessa valet av konstruktionstyp i stort sett som väntat, i så måtto att kortare, pronominella och definita led (dvs. informationsstrukturellt tematiska led) ofta placeras före längre, icke-pronominella och indefinita led (informationsstrukturellt rematiska). Analysen av de semantiska variablerna visade att DAT-ACK vid båda verben gynnas av animata m/m-argument (mottagare/mål) och abstrakta p/t-argument (patient/tema), medan ACK-PP å andra sidan gynnas av inanimata m/m-argument och konkreta p/t-argument. Vid verbet sända konstrueras DAT-ACK enbart med animata m/m-argument, medan verbet giva i äldre och yngre fornsvenska endast konstrueras med ACK-PP om m/m-argumentet är inanimat. En semantisk utvidgning av ACK-PP vid verbet giva uppstår emellertid i äldre nysvenska, där konstruktionsvarianten blir kompatibel även med animata m/m-argument. ACK-DAT är vid verbet giva vanligare när p/t-argumentet betecknar någonting konkret, vilket indikerar en semantisk uppdelning inte bara mellan dubbelobjektsvariant och prepositionsvariant utan även mellan de båda dubbelobjektsvarianterna DAT-ACK och ACK-DAT.

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Melão, Priscila Aguiar. "O gênero textual anúncio publicitário no ensino do FLE: o desenvolvimento da capacidade discursiva \'argumentar\' por meio de recursos verbais e visuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8146/tde-08102014-165506/.

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Esta dissertação, que se insere na linha Estudos linguísticos e didáticos, tem por objetivo estudar o ensino-aprendizagem de língua estrangeira através da elaboração de uma sequência didática e da produção de textos pertencentes ao gênero textual anúncio publicitário por alunos de FLE. Para tanto, visamos a apresentar a análise desse gênero textual e suas contribuições para as práticas de ensino de língua estrangeira e, sobretudo, buscamos colaborar para as reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos na aprendizagem de FLE através de gêneros textuais. Porém, pretendemos dar especial atenção ao desenvolvimento da capacidade de argumentar, por meio de textos verbais e visuais, característicos do anúncio publicitário. Para isso, apoiamo-nos no quadro teórico-metodológico do interacionismo sociodiscursivo (ISD), tal como é apresentado por Bronckart (1999, 2003, 2006, 2008), no que se refere à compreensão do agir humano através da atividade de linguagem. Servimo-nos também do modelo de análise de textos do ISD destinado, principalmente, ao estudo de textos verbais e das propostas para o ensino de línguas por meio dos gêneros textuais (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004). Inspiramo-nos, também, na união das categorias da Gramática do Design Visual (GDV), desenvolvida por Kress e Van Leeuwen (2006), para nos auxiliar na análise de textos não verbais, à perspectiva do ISD, assim como foi proposta por Leal (2011). Essa união das teorias possibilita a análise dos gêneros textuais multimodais como os anúncios publicitários, pois, esse gênero combina textos verbais e não verbais. Baseamo-nos, ainda, em outros teóricos do ISD para a elaboração do material didático através da noção de gênero textual (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004; CRISTOVÃO, 2005; MACHADO, 2005; DIONÍSIO, 2005; LOUSADA, 2005) e para analisar o desenvolvimento das capacidades relacionadas ao argumentar (PLANTIN, 2008; KOCH, 2004). Dessa forma, construímos o modelo didático do gênero textual anúncio publicitário, elaboramos uma sequência didática e a aplicamos , de modo a coletarmos as produções textuais iniciais e finais dos alunos de FLE. Posteriormente, analisamos as produções através do modelo de análise proposto neste estudo, observando a apropriação do gênero textual anúncio publicitário pelos alunos e, portanto, sua aprendizagem no que diz respeito aos efeitos argumentativos produzidos pela combinação do texto verbal e visual. Os resultados desta dissertação apresentam o gênero textual como megainstrumento (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004), visto que ele contribui para o desenvolvimento das capacidades de linguagem dos alunos em língua estrangeira e, sobretudo, da capacidade que permite ao aluno argumentar, valendo-se de elementos verbais e visuais, ou seja, agir socialmente por meio da linguagem
This thesis, which belongs to the research project linguistic and didactic studies, aims to study the teaching and learning of foreign language through the development of a didactic sequence and production of texts belonging to the textual genre advertisement by FLE students. In order to achieve this goal, we aim to present the analysis of this textual genre and its contributions to the practices of foreign language teaching and, above all, we seek to contribute to the discussions on the development of students language capacities when learning FLE through textual genres. However, we intend to focus in particular on the development of the capacities to argue, through verbal and visual texts, which are characteristic of the advertisement texts. In order to do so, we rely on the theoretical and methodological framework of socio-discursive interactionism (SDI), as shown by Bronckart (1999, 2003, 2006, 2008), regarding the understanding of human activity through language activity. Moreover, we employ the model of text analysis of the SDI intend, primarily to the study of verbal texts and proposals for teaching languages through text genres (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ, 2004). Furthermore, we are inspired by the union of the categories of Grammar of Visual Design (GVD), developed by Kress and Van Leeuwen (2006), to assist in the analysis of non-verbal texts, in the prospective of SDI, as proposed by Leal (2011). This union of theories enables the analysis of multimodal textual genre as advertisements, because this genre combines verbal and nonverbal texts. We also rely on other SDI theorists for the preparation of didactic material through the notion of genre (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ , 2004; CRISTOVÃO , 2005; MACHADO, 2005; DIONÍSIO, 2005; LOUSADA, 2005) and to analyze the development of capacities related to \" argue \" (PLANTIN , 2008; KOCH , 2004) . Thus, we built the didactic model of the textual genre advertisement, we developed a didactic sequence and then applied it in order to collect the initial and final textual productions by FLE students. Subsequently, we analyzed the productions within the framework proposed in this study, observing the appropriation of the textual genre advertisement by students and, therefore, their learning in terms of argumentative effects produced by the combination of verbal and visual texts. The outcomes of this thesis show the genre as a mega instrument (SCHNEUWLY; DOLZ , 2004), since it contributes to the development of students language capacities in a foreign language and, above all, students ability to argue, using verbal and visual aspects and acting in the social world through language

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Henadeerage, Kumara, and kumara henadeerage@anu edu au. "Topics in Sinhala Syntax." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060426.142352.

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This study is a detailed investigation of a number of issues in colloquial Sinhala morphosyntax. These issues primarily concern grammatical relations, argument structure, phrase structure and focus constructions. The theoretical framework of this study is Lexical Functional Grammar.¶Chapter 1 introduces the issues to be discussed, followed by a brief introduction of some essential aspects of colloquial Sinhala as background for the discussion in the following chapters. In Chapter 2 we present basic concepts of the theoretical framework of Lexical Functional Grammar.¶ The next three chapters mainly concern grammatical relations, argument structure and clause structure in colloquial Sinhala. Chapter 3 examines grammatical relations. The main focus lies in establishing the subject grammatical relation in terms of various subjecthood diagnostics. We show that only a very small number of diagnostics are reliable, and that the evidence for subject is weaker than assumed previously. All the subjecthood diagnostics that were examined select the most prominent argument in the argument structure as the subject, i.e. 'logical subject'. However, there appear to be no processes in the language that are sensitive to the subject in the grammatical relations structure, i.e. 'gr-subject'. Further, there is no evidence for other grammatical relations like objects. In Chapter 4 we discuss the agentless construction and related valency alternation phenomena. It was previously assumed that the agentless construction, valency alternation phenomena and the involitive construction are all related. We argue that the agentless construction should be treated as a different construction from the involitive construction. We also show that the agentless construction and the involitive construction have contrasting characteristics, and that treatment of them as separate constructions can account for some phenomena which did not receive an explanation previously. The valency alternation phenomena are related to the agentless construction, therefore there is no valency alternation in involitive constructions. It will be shown that verbs undergoing the valency alternation can be distinguished from the other verbs in terms of the lexical semantic properties of individual verbs. Chapter 5 examines the structure of non-verbal sentences in terms of a number of morphosyntactic phenomena. It was previously argued that verbal sentences and non-verbal sentences in colloquial Sinhala differ in terms of clause structure. However, the present study shows evidence to the contrary.¶ The next two chapters deal with modelling contrastive focus and the phrase structure of the language. Chapter 6 is a detailed analysis of the contrastive focus (cleft) construction in various clause types in the language, and proposes a unified syntactic treatment of contrastive focus. Contrastive focus is in some constructions morphologically encoded, while in others it involves both morphological and configurational assignment of focus. The complex interaction between focus markers and verb morphology in various focus constructions is accounted for by general well-formedness conditions applying to the f-structure, and the principles of Functional Uncertainty and Morphological Blocking. In Chapter 7, we discuss the phrase structure of the language, in particular such issues as its non-configurational nature and the lack of evidence for VP. We propose non-configurational S and some functional projections to account for word order freedom under S and to explain certain morphosyntactic phenomena, such as configurational focus assignment. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the conclusions made in previous chapters.

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Hirsch, Nils. "German psych verbs – insights from a decompositional perspective." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19574.

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Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit psychologischen Verben, d.h. Verben, die dadurch charakterisiert sind, dass eines ihrer Argumente Träger eines psychischen Prozesses (Experiencer) ist. Diese ‚Psych-Verben’ nehmen seit mindestens 30 Jahren eine zentrale Rolle in linguistischen Diskussionen zu Syntax, Semantik und deren Schnittstellen ein und werden häufig als eine besondere Verbklasse mit spezifischen (Psych-)Eigenschaften angesehen. Dabei ist nicht nur die Analyse dieser Verben, sondern bereits ihre korrekte empirische Charakterisierung Auslöser starker Kontroversen in der Literatur. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit widmet sich deshalb der Untersuchung der empirischen Eigenschaften von Objekt-Experiencer-Verben wie Agentivität, aspektuelle Eigenschaften, Passiv sowie ihrem Verhalten in Bezug auf eine Reihe anderer grammatischer Phänomene. Ein Fokus liegt dabei auf dem Vergleich von Verben, die basierend auf derselben Wurzel unterschiedliche Formen bilden wie z.B. ärgern/verärgern/sich ärgern, wundern/verwundern/sich wundern etc. Die Ergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchung zeigen, dass weder ObjExp-Verben noch Experiencer eine homogene Gruppe mit kohärenten Eigenschaften darstellen. Folglich können Psych-Verben nicht als eine einheitliche (besondere) Gruppe von Verben analysiert werden, da ihre Eigenschaften zu unterschiedlich sind und sie vielmehr in verschiedene Verbgruppen fallen. Im theoretischen Teil der Arbeit wird deshalb eine dekompositionelle Analyse im Paradigma von Distributed Morphology vorgeschlagen, die die unterschiedlichen Gruppen von Psych-Verben als solche analysiert und ihre Eigenschaften auf der Basis allgemeiner grammatischer Prinzipien (aspektuelle Eigenschaften sowie Präsenz/Absenz eines externen Arguments) erklärt, und besonders die stativen Kausativa diskutiert. Als Resultat muss konstatiert werden, dass ‚Psych-Verben’ als grammatisch relevante Gruppe nicht existieren, sondern diese Verben vielmehr unterschiedlichen bekannten Verbmustern folgen.
This thesis is concerned with German psychological verbs, i.e. verbs characterized by the fact that one of their arguments is associated with a psychological process. These psych verbs have been prominent in linguistic discussion on syntax, semantics, and their interfaces for at least 30 years, and are often considered to form a special group of verbs with specific ‘psych properties’. Not only the theoretical analysis but also the correct characterization of their empirical properties is a matter of controversy in the literature, and no consensus has been established with respect to either. Therefore, in the first part of this thesis, the empirical properties of object-experiencer verbs such as agentivity, aspectual properties, passive, and the behaviour of these verbs with respect to a number of other grammatical phenomena are examined. Special focus is placed on alternating verbs formed on the basis of the same Root, such as e.g. ärgern/verärgern/sich ärgern, etc. The results of the empirical analysis show that neither ObjExp verbs nor experiencers form a homogeneous group with coherent properties. On the contrary, these verbs fall into several different groups of verbs with clearly different properties. Consequently, psych verbs cannot be analysed as one (special) group of verbs. The theoretical part of this thesis therefore puts forward a decompositional analysis couched in the paradigm of Distributed Morphology, which analyses the different psych verbs as different groups of verbs, and explains their properties as the consequence of general grammatical principles (their aspectual properties, and the presence/absence of an external argument), not special psych properties. The discussion of stative causative ObjExp verbs plays a major part. As a result, the conclusion has to be drawn that ‘psych verbs’ do not constitute a grammatically relevant (special) group of verbs, but that these verbs follow different general patterns known from the study of other verbs.

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Romain, Laurence. "A corpus-based study of the causative alternation in English." Thesis, Lille 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL3H016/document.

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La présente recherche s’interroge sur la présumée dichotomie entre les alternances et les généralisations de surface dans le cadre théorique de la grammaire de constructions. Plus précisément,l’objectif de cette thèse est ternaire. Par l’analyse attentive d’une grande quantité de données, nous faisons une description détaillée de l’alternance causative en anglais (The fabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), nous proposons une méthode qui permet de mesurer la force d’alternance des verbes ainsi que la quantité de sens partagée entre les deux constructions, et, enfin, nous montrons que si l’on veut rendre compte des contraintes au niveau de la construction, l’on doit alors prendre en compte les généralisations de plus bas niveau, telles que les interactions entre le verbe et ses arguments dans le cadre de chaque construction. Afin d’ajouter au débat entre alternance et généralisations de surface, nous proposons une analyse détaillée des deux constructions qui forment l’alternance causative en anglais : la construction intransitive non-causative d’une part et la construction transitive causative de l’autre.Notre but est de mesurer la quantité de sens partagée par les deux constructions mais aussi démontrer en quoi ces deux constructions diffèrent. Dans cette optique, nous prenons en compte trois éléments: construction, verbe et thème (i.e. l’entité sujette à l’évènement dénoté par le verbe). Nous utilisons la sémantique distributionnelle pour la mesure des similarités sémantiques entre les divers thèmes employés avec chaque verbe dans chaque construction dans notre corpus.Ce groupement sémantique met en lumière les différents sens verbaux employés avec chaque construction et nous permet d’établir des généralisations quant aux contraintes qui s’appliquent au thème dans chaque construction
The present research takes issue with the supposed dichotomy between alternations on the onehand and surface generalisations on the other, within the framework of construction grammar.More specifically the aim of this thesis is threefold. Through the careful analysis of a largedataset, we aim to provide a thorough description of the causative alternation in English (Thefabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), suggest a method that allows for a solid measure ofa verb’s alternation strength and of the amount of shared meaning between two constructions,and finally, show that in order to capture constraints at the level of the construction, one mustpay attention to lower level generalisations such as the interaction between verb and argumentswithin the scope of each construction.In an effort to add to the discussion on alternation vs. surface generalisations, we propose adetailed study of the two constructions that make up the causative alternation: the intransitivenon-transitive causative construction and the transitive causative construction. Our goal is tomeasure the amount of meaning shared by the two constructions and also show the differencesbetween the two. In order to do so we take three elements into account: construction, verband theme (i.e. the entity that undergoes the event denoted by the verb). We use distributionalsemantics to measure the semantic similarity of the various themes found with each verb andeach construction in our corpus. This grouping highlights the different verb senses used witheach construction and allows us to draw generalisations as to the constraints on the theme ineach construction

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Bardales, Castro Percy. "¿Es posible la admisión de medios probatorios y/o argumentos luego del cierre de los requerimientos? Breves notas con motivo de la aplicación del reglamento del procedimiento de fiscalización tributaria." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/107268.

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The object of the principle of material truth is to assure the certainty of facts in order to be able to issue a ruling as close to reality as possible. The principle has an intimate relationship with the limitation periods which, as regulated in our Tax Code, are only established as minimum terms in which the tax debt or has to comply with the administration’s requirements, without specifying any maximum. The author explains how it is that the terms regarding the presentation of documents have to be fixed considering the civilian’s interestand not against it. He affirms that, as long as the collection procedure of a certain period has not concluded, the debtor has the faculty to offer information and arguments to the administration in order to sustain his statement, allowing him to discuss the objections formulated against him.
El principio de verdad material tiene por finalidad arribar a la certeza de los hechos para poder emitir un pronunciamiento lo más cercano posible a la realidad. Está vinculado con los plazos de preclusión que, en nuestro CódigoTributario, sólo están establecidos como plazos mínimos para que el deudor tributario cumpla con lo solicitado por la administración, sin señalar un plazo máximo. El autor explica cómo los plazos para presentarlos documentos deben ser fijados según el interés del administrado y no en perjuicio de éste; mientras no concluya el procedimiento administrativo de fiscalización por el período y ejercicio fiscal correspondiente, el deudor tributario se encuentra plenamente facultado para ofrecer la información y los argumentos que sustenten sus descargos, pudiendo levantar de ese modo que los reparos que se le han formulado.

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Bourmayan, Anouch. "Les objets implicites en français : une approche pragmatique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0080.

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Ma thèse porte sur les arguments objets implicites en français, c'est-à-dire sur les constituants de sens qui sont paraphrasables par des compléments d'objet directs et portent donc le rôle sémantique d'argument objet, mais ne sont pas réalisés phonologiquement. Plus particulièrement, je me focalise sur deux types d'objets implicites, à savoir d'une part les objets implicites paraphrasables par des expressions indéfinies, ou objets implicites indéfinis (OIIs), et d'autre part les objets implicites paraphrasables par des expressions définies, ou objets implicites définis (OIDs). Je défends l'idée que la capacité d'un verbe à admettre des OIIs ou des OIDs n'est pas déterminée lexicalement, mais en fonction de nécessités communicationnelles. Ainsi, je conteste l'hypothèse largement répandue selon laquelle certains verbes dits "transitifs" requièrent lexicalement un argument objet sémantique et un complément d'objet direct syntaxique, et je redéfinis la notion de transitivité comme une propriété des tokens et non des types de verbes. Dans cette perspective, les verbes sont lexicalement avalents -ou tout au plus monovalents, si l'on prend en compte l'argument d'événement -et peuvent ou non mettre enjeu un argument objet et un complément d'objet direct selon leur contexte d'apparition. Je distingue les OIIs par défaut et les OIIs spécialisés: je décris les OIIs par défaut comme résultant d'un mécanisme de développement du contenu conceptuel du verbe, tandis que les OIIs spécialisés apparaissent par un phénomène d'enrichissement pragmatique des OIIs par défaut. Enfin, je propose un mécanisme de type situationnel pour rendre compte de l'apparition des OIDs
My thesis bears on implicit object arguments in French, i. E. On meaning constituents that can be paraphrased with direct objects and thus bear the semantic role of object argument, but are not phonologically realized. More specifically, I focus on two types of implicit objects in French, namely on one side implicit objects paraphrasable with indefinite expressions, or indefinite implicit objects (IIOs), and on the other side implicit objects paraphrasable with definite expressions, or definite implicit objects (DIOs). I argue that the ability of a verb to admit IIOs or DIOs is not determined lexically, but following communicational constraints. Thus, I challenge the widespread assumption that so-called 'transitive' verbs lexically require a semantic object argument and a syntactic direct object, and I redefine the notion of transitivity as a property of verb tokens rather than of verb types. In this perspective, verbs are lexically avalent -or at most monovalent, if one takes into account the event argument -and they may or not involve an object argument and a direct object depending on their context of use. I distinguish between default IIOs and specialized IIOs: I describe default 1I0s as resulting from a mechanism of unfolding of the conceptual content of the verb, while specialized IIOs appear via a phenomenon of pragmatic enrichment of default 1I0s. Finally, I put forward a situation-theoretic mechanism to account for the arising of DIOs

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Blattner, Geraldine A. "Processing verbal arguments in a first and second language the role of immersion experience /." 2007. http://etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-2107/index.html.

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Friemann, Richard. "Intractable quarrels in argumentation theory : integrating argument and therapy /." 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11573.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2006. Graduate Programme in Philosophy.
Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves247-266). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11573

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Satō, Yutaka. "Complex predicate formation with verbal nouns in Japanese and Korean : argument transfer at LF." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9947.

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Mignot, Charles Alexandre. "The semantic import of the French preposition à 'at/to' in verbal argument alternations." 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/21694.

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This study examines the semantic import of the French preposition à 'at/to' in argument alternations. In French, some verbs can be followed by a direct object or by an indirect object introduced by the preposition à 'at/to' (e.g., parer/parer à 'to ward off/to guard against', satisfaire/satisfaire à 'to satisfy', toucher/toucher à 'to touch', etc.). Although the preposition à 'at/to' has been characterized in the literature as a meaningless grammatical element, and more specifically so in cases of argument alternations, this study shows that à 'at/to' is meaningful and that it contributes to the semantics of the indirect transitive constructions of the verbs under scrutiny. Couched in the Cognitive Grammar theoretical framework (Langacker 1987b, 1991), this study is based on the assumption that grammar is meaningful and that the meaning of grammatical items is more abstract than the meaning of lexical items. Consequently, two abstract meanings characterizing à 'at/to' are proposed to account for the semantic differences between the direct and indirect transitive constructions of the verbs analyzed in this study: the expression of an abstract goal and the expression of an abstract localization. For some verbs, the indirect transitive construction entails a notion of goal that is not expressed in the direct transitive construction. For other verbs, à 'at/to' expresses an abstract relation (i.e., an abstract localization) between the lexical semantics of the verb and the indirect object, which results in meaning differences between the direct and indirect transitive constructions based on the notion of affectedness. Following Langacker (1987a), I view transitivity as a transfer of energy and propose that the various levels of energy involved in an event correlate with the various levels of affectedness of the object. I argue that à 'at/to' signals a disruption of energy leading to a lower affectedness of the indirect object than that of the direct object (see also Beavers 2011). Finally, I show that, for the verb toucher 'to touch', the semantic import of à 'at/to' varies in relation to the various senses of the indirect transitive construction of the verb.
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