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Alharbi, Abdallah. "A syntactic approach to Arab verbal morphology." Thesis, University of Essex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277907.
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Marvasti, Parastou. "The acquisition of verbal morphology in Persian." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/12887/.
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This study constitutes the first focused description and analysis of the acquisition of Persian inflectional morphology. It focuses on the order in which children acquire the verbal morphological system and also considers factors that influence the order of acquisition. Three monolingual Persian children with the age range of 1;8 to 3;1 were videotaped at one-to-four month intervals in naturalistic interaction with their mothers. Based on transcription of these sessions, the point of acquisition of verbal inflections was determined following two sets of criteria: productivity and contrastive use of inflections (Pizzuto and Caselli, 1994, adjusted to Persian) and deployment of morphemes in obligatory context (Cazden, 1968). The main finding is that although some shared order of emergence and development of productivity can be identified, it is not possible to talk about distinct stages in the acquisition of verbal morphemes, such that the acquisition of number, aspect, mood, tense or person could be said to occur in any set order. For example, in two of the children Person and Mood contrasts develop before AFF/NEG and Tense contrasts, followed by Number and Aspect contrasts; however, Person and AFF/NEG inflections are acquired to full criteria at the same MLU in each child (i.e., 1.5 and 1.9, respectively). The different patterns of productivity along with different pictures of development observed for each of the three children raise the question of what determines which forms will be learned and in which order. The frequency of occurrence of verbal morphemes in the input speech of the three mothers was found to be related to the order of emergence, productivity and contrastive knowledge of the morphemes in the children, whereas the role of typological factors (i.e., perceptual salience and transparency) was not straightforward. The results of the study are consistent with a constructivist account of language acquisition, which sees the acquisition of morphemes as a gradual process activated following considerable exposure to the input in different variations in terms of types and tokens. Furthermore, the findings confirm the interdependence of lexical and morphosyntactic development by demonstrating that it is prompted by an increase in the size of the lexicon over a certain level.
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Taghipour, Sahar. "LAKI VERBAL INFLECTION." UKnowledge, 2017. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/22.
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This thesis mainly examines inflectional morphology of verbal paradigms in Laki, which is considered as one of the Southern varieties of Kurdish language. The association of form and content of morphological markings are viewed from a realizational angle, in which exponents (morphological forms) are associated with the morphosyntactic properties via the application of rules of exponence, appealed by paradigm functions (Stump 2001) and ordered into rule blocks (Anderson 1992). In particular, I applied the paradigm linkage theory proposed and fully developed by Stump (2002 and 2016) to account for Laki verbal paradigms. In this study, it is claimed that alignment pattern and the syntagmatic combination of some of the inflectional exponents such as agreement markers are sensitive to preterite property. Hence, I argue in favor of considering two distinct morphotactic patternings in Laki. As the result of this assumption, depending on whether the inflectional markers attach to a preterite or a non-preterite stem, we should define two separate sets of affix position in this language. Moreover, I examine Laki polyfunctional agreement markers through the consideration of the morphotactics of this language. Applying Stump's analysis (to appear) of Swahili verbal concords, I consider two distinct types of content for these agreement markers: intrinsic content, and positional content. Their positional content is what the morphotactics of the language determines.
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Twist, Alina Evelyn. "A Psycholinguistic Investigation of the Verbal Morphology of Maltese." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194996.
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This dissertation focuses on the unique aspects of Maltese morphology brought about by its genetic and geographic history. The experiments conducted and described here build on past research in Indo-European languages and new research in other Semitic languages to determine how different word formation systems function. Applying experimental techniques to the study of Maltese is crucial for two reasons. First, though Maltese is a Semitic language, recent extensive contact with English has greatly impacted its vocabulary and the structure of its verbs. Though the effects of persistent language contact is pervasive, clear and systematic differences may be observed between native Semitic verbs and those borrowed from English. Secondly, unlike other Semitic languages, the Maltese writing system uses the Roman alphabet. This allows for tests that require the reading of written stimuli to be performed in the same writing system as previous studies in Indo-European languages, eliminating a number of confounding factors.A masked priming experiment asked Maltese speakers to judge whether or not test items were words of their language. The test items included real and nonce verbs of both Semitic and English origin. Accuracy rates and reaction time were recorded and compared across speakers. The results of this experiment support the psychological salience of the consonantal root as a unit of lexical organization.An elicitation experiment asked native speakers of Maltese to provide a verb form that corresponded to a given noun or adjective. The test items were nouns of Semitic and English origin and non-words constructed to resemble such nouns. Responses were broadly transcribed and analyzed for their similarity to the expected patterns. The results show that speakers are able to use two morphological strategies to form new words. The factors affecting the choice between morphological systems include linguistic structure and social variables.Collectively, this pair of experiments indicate that the consonantal root is a viable morphological and psychological unit of lexical organization, supporting a search-based approach to lexical access. Furthermore, speakers are able to form new words on the basis of whole words, showing that this level of organization must also be present to facilitate lexical access.
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Carvalho, Mauricio Oliveira Pires de. "Aspecto verbal na língua Dâw." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-29082016-101849/.
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Este projeto tem o objetivo de descrever e analisar a morfologia de aspecto no idioma indígena amazônico Dâw (aprox. 100 falantes, pertencente à família Nadahup, anteriormente conhecida como Makú) em relação à descrição dada na única gramática disponível do idioma, Gramática e Fonologia Dâw, publicada por Silvana Martins em 2004. Naquela obra, a autora descreve 15 morfemas pós-verbais que chama de marcadores de aspecto, atribuindo funções aspectuais a cada um. Neste trabalho, analisamos a fundo essa afirmação, pondo em dúvida e reanalisando os 15 morfemas ditos aspectuais pela autora, com o intuito de verificar se a descrição da autora está correta. Os novos dados e análises confirmaram apenas parcialmente a análise de Martins, revelando na maioria dos casos que os morfemas desempenham funções bastante divergentes das propostas pela autora. Neste trabalho propomos uma nova classificação para a função desses morfemas, mediante à realização de trabalhos de campo junto aos falantes nativos do idioma no município de São Gabriel da Cachoeira, noroeste da Amazônia. As novas amostras dos trabalhos de campo e análise de outros materiais revelaram que alguns morfemas caíram em desuso, outros não possuem valor aspectual apreciável e outros são morfemas port-manteau tempo-aspecto-modais. Ainda outros possuem outras características, como quantificação dos argumentos do verbo (categoria que como veremos está bastante associada a aspecto) ou função adverbial. Os morfemas com valor aspectual revelaram ter efeitos diferentes com classes de verbos diferentes, como o morfema perfectivo, que com verbos ativos possui função perfectiva de ação concluída no passado, mas com verbos estativos possui valor de aspecto perfeito, ou seja, estado atual causado por transformação no passado. Também incluímos comparações com os sistemas aspectuais de outras línguas do Alto Rio Negro e com línguas tipologicamente similares do mundo inteiro.This project aims to describe and analyze aspect morphology in the Amazonian indigenous language Dâw (approx. 100 speakers, belonging to Nadahup family, formerly known as Makú) in relation to the description found in the only available grammar on the language, Gramática e Fonologia Dâw, published by Silvana Martins in 2004. In that work, the author describes 15 post-verbal morphemes which she calls aspect markers assigning distinct aspectual functions to each of them. In this paper, we tested that assertion, questioning and eventually reanalyzing the alleged aspectual morpheme, in order to verify whether the description provided by that author is correct. The new data confirmed Martins analysis only partially, revealing in most cases that the morphemes play roles that diverge quite significantly from the authors description. In this paper we propose a new classification for these morphemes, based on the data collected during a field work in July 2015 with native Dâw speakers in São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in the northwestern Brazilian Amazon. The new field work samples and an in-depth analysis of other source materials revealed that some morphemes have become obsolete, others have no discernible aspectual value, and others are port-manteau time-aspect-modal morphemes. Some display features such as quantification of verbal arguments (as we shall see, quantifications is intertwined with aspect) or play adverbial roles. The morphemes with aspectual value were shown to behave differently depending on verbal classes, such as the perfective morpheme, which with active verbs has a perfective function, indicating action completed in the past, but with stative verbs it indicates perfect aspect, i.e., current state caused by transformation in the past. A comparison with the aspectual systems of other Upper Rio Negro languages as well as with other typologically similar languages worldwise is also provided.
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Weyh, Charlène. "L’évolution du système verbal français, entre régularisation et norme (1300 – 1700) : le cas du présent de l’indicatif." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0258.
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Cette thèse en Sciences du Langage se situe dans le cadre de la morphologie verbale historique et étudie le devenir des alternances de bases au présent de l’indicatif en français. Le cadre global est celui d’une étude linguistique associant description du système verbal du français et histoire des représentations du français, et ce dans une diachronie longue, dans la mesure où certains changements sont très anciens et d’autres sont le fait de la période médiévale, tandis que d’autres datent de l’époque moderne.Nous avons décrit le fonctionnement des paradigmes verbaux en synchronie et en diachronie, tout en définissant les concepts fondamentaux utilisés. Nous sommes ainsi revenue sur la notion de « verbe régulier » et de « verbe irrégulier » d’un point de vue historique. Nous avons distingué l’alternance de bases verbale et la variation phonologique de la base. Nous nous sommes arrêtée sur l’analogie, mécanisme d’alignement fondamental dans l’évolution du système verbal, qui peut jouer à l’intérieur du paradigme ou d’un ensemble de paradigmes du même verbe avec notamment l’extension d’une des bases au détriment de l’autre, comme celle la base aim- à tous les tiroirs et en P4 / P5 de l’indicatif présent du verbe aimer, AF amer. Par ailleurs, aux 16e et 17e siècles, où subsistaient encore de nombreuses hésitations, les grammairiens et remarqueurs ont joué un rôle de descripteur et prescripteur de la langue que nous avons essayé de cerner.Pour mener à bien cette étude, nous avons constitué un corpus de 27 verbes représentant plusieurs types d’alternances verbales, comme treuve/trouvons et aime/amons qui a donné 312 250 occurrences brutes en contexte dans Frantext de l’ancien français à 1799. Les verbes ont été regroupés selon leur alternance de départ pour une étude systématique des fréquences et autres paramètres, afin de comprendre pourquoi des verbes qui présentaient des alternances identiques en ancien français n’ont pas connu le même aboutissement en français moderne, et tenter de déterminer les facteurs favorisant le maintien de l’alternance de bases ou, au contraire, les facteurs qui favorisent l’extension d’une des deux bases verbales au présent de l’indicatif.Finalement, de multiples paramètres ont pu jouer dans les transformations et les normalisations des paradigmes verbaux au présent de l’indicatif : la fréquence d’emploi d’une forme, d’une base ou d’un paradigme, l’appartenance d’un verbe à une famille morphologique, l’analogie intra et interparadigmatique et la prescription linguistique aux 16e et 17e siècles. Nous proposons une hiérarchie des critèresThis thesis in Linguistics is part of a study of historical verbal morphology and examines the evolution of alternation of verbal stems in the French present tense. The overall framework is that of a linguistic study combining a description of the French verbal system and the history of representations of French language, in a long diachrony context, as certain changes are very old, and others are the result of the medieval period, while some others date from the modern period.We described the functioning of verbal paradigms in synchrony and diachrony, while defining the fundamental concepts used. We thus redefinied the notion of ‘regular verb’ and ‘irregular verb’ from a historical point of view. The alternation of verbal stems and the phonological variation of the verbal stem have been distinguished. We analysed the concept of analogy, a fundamental alignment mechanism in the evolution of the verbal system, that can play a role within a paradigm or a set of paradigms of the same verb, in particular with the extension of one of the verbal stems to the detriment of the other, such as the aim stem - in all the tenses and in P4/P5 of the present tense of the verb aimer (to love), Old French amer. Moreover, in the 16th and 17th centuries, when there was still a lot of hesitation, grammarians and Remarqueurs played a role as descriptors and prescriptors of the language, rôle that we have tried to define.To carry out this study, we compiled a corpus of 27 verbs representing several types of verbal alternation, such as treuve/trouvons (to find) and aime/amons (to love), which yielded 312,250 raw occurrences in context in the Frantext corpus, from Old French to 1799. The verbs were grouped according to their initial alternation for a systematic study of frequencies and other parameters, in order to understand why verbs with identical alternations in Old French did not have the same outcome in modern French. We also tried to determine the factors favouring the maintenance of the verbal alternation or, on the contrary, the factors favouring the extension of one of the two verbal stems in the present tense.Finally, we observed several parameters may have played a part in the transformations and standardisation of verbal paradigms in the present tense: the frequency of use of a form, verbal stem or paradigm, whether a verb belongs to a morphological family, the intra and interparadigmatic analogy, and linguistic prescription in the 16th and 17th centuries. A hierarchy of criteria has been proposed
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Moradi, Sedigheh. "LAKI VERBAL MORPHOSYNTAX." UKnowledge, 2015. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ltt_etds/9.
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Most western Iranian languages, despite their broad differences, show a common quality when it comes to the verbal agreement of past transitive verbs. Dabir-moghaddam (2013) and Haig (2008) discuss it as a grammaticalized split-agreement to encode S, A, and P, which is sensitive to tense and transitivity, and uses split-ergative constructions for its past transitive verbs. Laki shows vestiges of the same kind of verb-agreement ergativity (Comrie 1978) by using a mixture of affixes and clitics for subject and object marking.
In this thesis, I investigate how the different classes of verbs show agreement using four distinct property classes. Considering the special case of the {3 sg} and using Hopper and Traugott's pattern for the cline of grammaticality (2003), I argue that although Laki has already lost the main part of its ergative constructions, the case of the {3 sg} marking is yet another sign that this language is in the process of absolute de-ergativization and its hybrid alignment system is moving toward morphosyntactic unity. As a formal representation of the Laki data, the final part of the thesis provides a morphosyntactic HPSG analysis of the agreement patterns in Laki, using the grammar of cliticized verb-forms (Miller and Sag 1997).
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Devos, Maud. "Les extensions verbales en Swahili Standard. East African Languages and Dialects 24. Racine, Odile. Köln: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, 2015, 251 pp, ISBN 978-3-89645-709-7." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-220490.
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Okoudowa, Bruno. "Morfologia verbal do Lembaama." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-10112010-153708/.
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Este trabalho propõe a análise da morfologia verbal do lembaama, que é uma língua do subgrupo banto (da floresta), B.62 (Guthrie, 1971), do grupo Benuê-Congo, do tronco Nigero-congolês. Como esta língua não apresenta nenhum estudo deste gênero, espera-se que esta primeira análise possibilite estudos posteriores neste e em outros campos linguísticos. A análise morfológica dos verbos revelou, primeiramente, que a estrutura verbal dessa língua é composta dos seguintes elementos: sujeito, índice do sujeito, negação1, marca de Tempo, raiz do verbo, extensão, vogal final ou marca de Aspecto, objeto(s) ou índice do objeto, negação2 que se seguem numa ordem fixa na oração. Constatamos que o índice do objeto, que é geralmente anteposto à raiz do verbo na maioria das línguas bantas, é posposto ao verbo em lembaama. A negação, por sua vez, é representada pelo morfema descontínuo composto por dois elementos: ka- (negação1) e -ní (negação2). Sendo que na estrutura verbal, ka- aparece depois do índice do sujeito (à esquerda da raiz do verbo) e -ni aparece depois do índice do objeto (à direita da raiz do verbo), é o último elemento da estrutura do verbo. Ao estudar a derivação verbal em lembaama, constatamos que a estrutura das extensões desta língua difere daquela encontrada nas outras línguas bantas pelo fato do lembaama ter acrescentado à estrutura -VC- preexistente no protobanto, estruturas do tipo -C-, -CV- e -CVC-. A extensão mais comum e mais fácil de ser reconhecida nessa língua é aquela que marca o habitual, tanto no presente (-ag-) como no passado (-ig-). O estudo dos sufixos derivativos do lembaama revelou também a existência de uma correlação entre o valor gramatical e o valor semântico das extensões. Vimos que seres humanos e animados são envolvidos em orações que apresentam uma transitividade alta. O estudo da transitividade mostrou-se, ainda, como uma noção fundamental nessa língua porque distingue ações e estados, por exemplo. Quanto à análise das categorias Tempo, Aspecto e Modo (TAM), essa língua evidenciou três tempos: um presente que não tem marcas e que se confunde com o presente pontual, o progressivo e o futuro. Dois futuros: um mais próximo, sem marcas, que se confunde com o presente pontual e o progressivo; outro, mais distante, marcado pelo verbo auxiliar odze \"ir\". Três passados: um recente, marcado pelo morfema mí- de tom alto e anteposto ao radical do verbo; um distante, marcado pelo morfema máá- de tom alto e anteposto ao radical do verbo; um remoto, expresso pela junção do verbo auxiliar -ki \"estar\" e o morfema do passado mí-. Assim, contrariamente aos morfemas de Aspectos, os morfemas de Tempo são sempre antepostos ao radical do verbo. É o caso dos dois morfemas que marcam os passados recente e distante. Há dois aspectos: o perfectivo, marcado pela vogal final -í; o imperfectivo, sem marca específica. A análise dos tempos e dos aspectos revelou que o Aspecto é mais fundamental em lembaama. O estudo dos modos permitiu identificar três: o imperativo, o condicional e o indicativo.This work proposes an analysis of the verbal morphology of Lembaama (B62) according to Guthrie (1971). Officially called Obamba in Gabon, Lembaama is a Bantu language of the forest, from the Benue-Congo group and Niger-Congo phylum. As far as we know, this language has yet to receive a detailed study. It should be noted that Lembaama shows some interesting features. Indeed, the verbal morphology analysis shows that a single inflected verb contains the following elements: subject, subject marker, negative1, Tense marker, root, extension, Final Vowel or Aspect marker, negative2 occurring in a fix order in a sentence. The object marker comes after the root. Negation consists of a discontinuous morpheme: kaní. Ka- is placed before the root (by the left) and -ní occurs after the root (by the right) being the last element of this structure. The verbal derivation study reveals the following structure of Lembaama extensions: -C-, -CV-, -VC- and -CVC-.The habitual marker -ag- being the commonest extension. This study also highlights the existence of a correlation between the grammatical value and the semantic value of extensions. Hence, human and animate beings are evoked in clauses with higher transitivity than things. Therefore, transitivity is fundamental in Lembaama, as it can distinguish actions from states, for example. Tense, Aspect and Mood study defines three Tenses. First, there is a present that, because it is used without tense marker, can be merged with near future or with progressive. Then, we note two future tenses: a near future (F1) occurring without mark and a distant future (F2) marked by the auxiliary verb odze go. Finally, we count three past tenses: a recent (P1) marked by mí- with a high tone; a distant (P2) marked by máá- with a high tone too, and a remote past (P3) marked by kí be, an auxiliary verb with high tone and mí-, the recent past marker, both coming before the root (by the left). Thus, Tense marker morphemes are always placed before the root (by the left) and Aspect markers occur after the root (by the right). This analysis highlighted two Aspects: a perfective marked by the Final Vowel -í; an imperfective without a specific mark. Tense and Aspect analysis allows to conclude that Aspect is more fundamental than Tense in this language. Concerning Mood, the analysis revealed three: imperative, conditional and indicative.
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Oltra, Massuet Maria Isabel 1966. "On the notion of theme vowel : a new approach to Catalan verbal morphology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9532.
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Katupha, Jose M. M. "The grammar of Emakhuwa verbal extensions : an investigation of the role of extension morphemes in derivational verbal morphology and in grammatical relations." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1991. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/29410/.
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The central concern of this thesis is a group of derivational suffixes characteristic of the Bantu languages known as verbal extensions yielding such derived verbs as causative, frequentative, passive, reciprocative. The study is based on a textual corpus from Emakhuwa, a Bantu language of Mozambique, supplemented by the author's native knowledge of the language. The theoretical background is provided by Lexical Functional Grammar (Bresnan (1982)), which provides a means of relating theta roles (agent, instrument, theme etc.) to grammatical functions through the Lexical Mapping sub-theory. After exploring in chapter two the morphology of these suffixes and their suppletive relationship within the lexicon, chapter three examines the syntax of primitive verbs, classified principally as ergative, unergative and unaccusative. In this analysis "objecthood" and "restrictedness" prove difficult to establish, since object c1iticization is largely restricted to human reference, while passivization (chapter five) is applied to all roles below the highest, including roles such as time and manner, normally perceived as adverbial. Furthermore, word order is little constrained and not decisive of function. Certain constructions allow variable mapping of roles to functions and introduction of supplementary objects corresponding to co-referent patients or reason, but without morphological verbal indexation. Focus in chapters four and five is narrowed to thematic extensions adding or dropping roles. The applicative introduces a beneficiary, instrument or goal, interpreted partially according to animacy; the repeated extensions may introduce multiple roles. The causative constructions include the inductive, introducing a reason/instrument role with optional suppression of agent and/or theme. The reciprocative may have a quasi-causative reading introducing an involved but unequal participant. Uses of these extensions with the passive and stative, singly or in combination, are systematically explored. The conclusion casts doubts on the adequacy of theories relying heavily on the traditional morpho-syntactic manifestations of object.
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Todaro, Giuseppina. "Nomi (e aggettivi) che diventano verbi tramite prefissazione : quel che resta della parasintesi." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20022/document.
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Menée dans le cadre de la Construction Morphology, ma thèse propose une analyse des verbes parasynthétiques de l’italien. La définition de parasynthèse courante en littérature correspond à ‘double affixation simultanée sur une base de dérivation’ ([préf+[X]N/A+suff]V, cf. par exemple IMBARCARE ’embarquer’). Cette particularité est motivée par l’impossibilité d’attester ‘l‘étape intermédiaire’ de dérivation entre la base et le verbe construit (cf. BARCA, *IMBARCA, *BARCARE). Cette définition relève d’une analyse morphemique, incrémentale et concatenative et présuppose que les procédés dérivationnels sont conçus comme des règles orientées. Dans mon analyse, au contraire, sont définis parasynthétiques tous les verbes construits par préfixation. Cette définition s’appuie uniquement sur le paramètre d’appartenance au schéma [préf+[X]N/A]V (le suffixe étant de nature flexionnelle). Selon mon point de vue, la non-attestation d’une forme est un paramètre qui est non seulement insuffisamment fiable d’un point de vue empirique, mais aussi négligeable du point de vue d’une théorie basée sur l’idée de procédés non-orientés. La base de données utilisée contient 1674 lexèmes tirés de façon automatique du corpus ItWaC. Les variables structurelles des verbes correspondent (i) au préfixe employé (a-, in-, s-, de- ou dis-), (ii) à la classe flexionnelle (-are ou -ire) et (iii) à la catégorie de la base (N ou A). Chaque lexème, définit comme construction, est l’association d’une forme (le résultat de la combinaison des variables) et d’une valeur sémantique holistique. Les valeurs sémantiques suivantes ont été identifiées : (i) changement d’état, (ii) changement de relation locative et (iii) valeur intensive/itérative. Pour les deux premières valeurs il a été proposé une analyse unifiée dans une même composante sémantique qui exprime un changement (formalisé au moyen du prédicat BECOME), alors que la classe des verbes qui expriment la valeur (iii) est exclue de cette généralisationMy thesis proposes an analysis of the Italian parasynthetic verbs in within the framework of the Construction Morphology. The widespread definition of parasynthesis in literature corresponds to 'double simultaneous affixation on a derivational base' ([pref+[X]N/A+suff]V, cf. for example IMBARCARE 'to board'). Such definition is motivated by the impossibility of attesting the intermediate derivational stage between the base and the derived verb (cf. BARCA 'boat', *IMBARCA, *BARCARE) and it derives from a morpheme-based, incremental and concatenative approach to morphology that assumes that derivational processes are oriented rules. In my thesis I propose an alternative analysis which defines parasynthetic verbs as verbs built by prefixation. I consider as parasynthetic verb each verb belonging to the schema [préf[X]N/A]V (note that the suffix is analyzed as inflectional). This definition is purely based on the membership parameter in schema [préf[X]N/A]V (note that the suffix is analyzed as inflectional). According to this approach, the fact that a word is not attested not only represents an unreliable criterion from an empirical point of view but it also seems to be negligible within a theoretical framework considering morphological processes as non-oriented. The corpus includes 1674 lexemes automatically extracted from ItWaC. The structural variables for these verbs are (i) the prefix selected (a-, in-, s-, de-, dis-), (ii) the inflectional class (-are, -ire), (iii) the category of the base (N, A). Each lexeme is defined as a construction, i.e. a form-meaning pair (the form corresponding to a possible combination of variables and the meaning to a holistic sense). The possible semantic values are: (i) the change of state, (ii) the change of locative relation and (iii) the intensive/iterative value. For (i) and (ii) I propose a unified analysis in terms of a general semantic component expressing a change (formalized by the predicate BECOME), while the class of verbs expressing the value (iii) are not included in this generalization
La mia tesi propone un’analisi des verbi parasintetici dell’italiano nel quadro teorico della Construction Morphology. La definizione di parasintesi diffusa in letteratura corrisponde a ‘doppia affissazione simultanea su una base di derivazione’ ([préf+[X]N/A+suff]V, cf. ad esempio IMBARCARE). Questa particolarità è motivata dall’impossibilità di attestare la ‘tappa intermedia’ di derivazione tra la base e il verbo costruito (cf. BARCA, *IMBARCA, *BARCARE). Questa definizione è dovuta ad un’analisi morfemica, incrementale e concatenativa e presuppone che i processi derivazionali siano concepiti come regole orientate. Nell’analisi proposta, al contrario, sono definiti come parasintetici tutti i verbi costruiti tramite prefissazione. Questa definizione si basa esclusivamente sul parametro di appartenenza allo schema [pref[X]N/A]V (il suffisso è di tipo flessivo). Secondo la prospettiva adottata, la mancata attestazione di una forma è un parametro che risulta, oltre che insufficientemente affidabile da un punto di vista empirico, persino irrilevante dal punto di vista di una teoria basata sull’idea che i processi siano non orientati. Il corpus utilizzato contiene 1674 lessemi estratti automaticamente da ItWaC. Le variabili strutturali dei verbi in questione corrispondono (i) al prefisso selezionato (a-, in-, s-, de-, dis-), (ii) alla classe flessiva (-are, -ire), (iii) alla categoria della base (N, A). Ogni lessema, definito come costruzione, è l’associazione tra una forma (il risultato della combinazione delle variabili) e di un valore semantico olistico. I valori semantici identificati sono : (i) cambiamento di stato, (ii) cambiamento di relazione locativa e (iii) valore intensivo/iterativo. Per i primi due valori è stata proposta un’analisi unificata all’interno di un’unica componente semantica che esprime il cambiamento (formalizzata con il predicato BECOME), mentre la classe di verbi che esprimono il valore (iii) rimane esclusa da questa generalizzazione
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Tristram, Anna Carolyn. "Variation and change in verbal agreement with collective nouns in French." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.610195.
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Lima, Marcos André Ferraz de. "Aquisição da morfologia flexional verbal em português brasileiro - um estudo experimental com dados de compreensão." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/7702.
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This study has as objective to investigate the children's sensitivity to the inflectional morphemes of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) in children between 3, 4 and 5 years old, it has taken as fundamental to the acquisition of verbal morphology of this language. Studies about this topic, already realized with children were based mainly on the production of data, which demonstrated that children produce, already very early, inflectional verbal morphemes in their language. These production data follow a pattern in which it reveals the presence of irregular verb forms with regular forms in the early stages of the process. In the second moment, around 3-4 years old, decays the presence of irregular shapes, appearing irregular verbs used as regular phenomenon known as over regularization. In the final stage, there is the return to the initial default. Our study is to investigate, from the data of understanding, if the child, in the stage that produces over regularization forms, would be sensible to the presence, in the input, to irregular verb in the over regularization form. It is assumed as a hypothesis the idea that children in the age between 3 and 5 years, even thy produce phases in the over regularization forms, they are able to identify the ungrammaticality in the these verbs in the sentence produced by someone else. For this, it was mounted a grammaticality judgment the experiment in which controlled , beyond the age of the participants , the type of verb (regular, irregular and over regularization) and invented verbs, it was divided into three lists of 30 stimuli and each one with 4 conditions . For the conditions 3 and 4, the sentences are repeated in the three lists. Thus, we have for the tree lists a total of 54 stimulus.The results support the hypothesis allow assumed here, showing a sensitivity to the grammaticality of the child's verbal forms present in the input.
Este trabalho investiga a sensibilidade infantil aos morfemas flexionais do português brasileiro (PB) em crianças com 3, 4 e 5 anos de idades, tomada como fundamental para a aquisição da morfologia verbal dessa língua. Os estudos sobre esse tópico, já realizados com crianças, basearam-se notadamente em dados de produção, os quais demonstraram que elas produzem, já desde muito cedo, morfemas flexionais verbais em sua língua. Tais dados de produção seguem um padrão no qual se revela a presença de formas verbais irregulares juntamente com formas regulares, nas etapas iniciais do processo. Num segundo momento, por volta dos 3-4 anos de idade, decai a presença de formas irregulares, surgindo verbos irregulares usados como regulares, fenômeno conhecido como superregularização. Na etapa final, observa-se o retorno ao padrão inicial. Nosso estudo vem investigar, a partir de dados de compreensão, se a criança, na fase em que produz formas superregularizadas, seria sensível à presença, no input, de formas verbais irregulares superregularizadas. Assume-se como hipótese a ideia de que crianças com idade entre 3 e 5 anos, mesmo na fase de produção das formas superregularizadas, são capazes de identificar a agramaticalidade desses verbos em sentenças produzidas por outras pessoas. Para isso, foi elaborado um experimento de julgamento de gramaticalidade no qual se controlou, além da faixa etária dos sujeitos, o tipo de verbo (regulares, irregulares e superregularizados) e verbos inventados, distribuídos em três listas com 30 estímulos e 4 condições cada uma, sendo que as sentenças da condição 3 ( verbos inventados) e da condição 4 ( verbo regular) se repetem nas três listas, somando assim, um total de 54 estímulos nas três listas. Os resultados permitem sustentar a hipótese aqui assumida, evidenciando uma sensibilidade da criança à gramaticalidade das formas verbais presentes no input.
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Rodríguez, Prieto Juan Pablo. "Verbal morphology in second language Spanish acquisition the roles of declarative and procedural memory systems /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024946.
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Baltazar, Laura Mesquita. "Frequency effects and the processing of verbal morphology by L1 and L2 speakers of english." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100633.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras/Inglês e Literatura Correspondente, Florianópolis, 2012Made available in DSpace on 2013-06-25T21:05:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 312162.pdf: 999852 bytes, checksum: 8298cbe25f47930061c964048adab4c6 (MD5)
O foco desta pesquisa é o processamento da morfologia verbal por falantes de inglês como L1 e L2. A literatura teórica e empírica sobre o processamento da morfologia verbal do inglês apresenta diferentes propostas para o processamento e representação dos verbos regulares e irregulares em inglês. Os modelos de via dual argumentam que existem dois mecanismos mentais distintos para a representação e processamento da morfologia verbal. Um dos mecanismos é um sistema computacional baseado em regras e utilizado no processamento dos verbos regulares e, o outro mecanismo, é um sistema computacional baseado na memória e utilizado no armazenamento de verbos irregulares (Ullman, Corkin, Coppola, Hickok, Growdon, Koroshetz & Pinker, 1997; Pinker, 1999; Van der Lely & Ullman, 2001; Pinker & Ullman, 2002; Ullman, 2004; Ullman, 2005). Em contraste, o modelo conexionista de via simples propõe que ambas, as regras e as palavras, são representadas em um único sistema computacional, e que todas as formas (regulares ou irregulares) são representadas em uma memória associativa distribuída (Rumelhart & McClelland, 1986; Plunket & Marchman, 1993; Joanisse & Seidenberg, 1999; McCelland & Patterson, 2002; Joanisse & Seidenberg, 2005; Woollams, Joanisse & Patterson, 2009). Uma terceira explicação para o processamento da morfologia verbal do inglês é proposta pelo modelo de decomposição completa (Stockall e Marantz, 2006), o qual sugere que tanto os verbos regulares quanto os irregulares são decompostos. Este modelo também depende de um único sistema para processar a morfologia verbal, mas a explicação de que todas as formas verbais (regulares e irregulares) são decompostas por regras morfológicas se opõe aos modelos de via dupla e via simples. A partir do contexto de processamento da morfologia verbal, os objetivos que motivaram este estudo são: (a) investigar a influência dos efeitos de frequência e da proficiência no processamento da morfologia verbal do inglês como L1 e L2, e (b) investigar o papel do controle inibitório e da capacidade de memória de trabalho no processamento da morfologia verbal do inglês. Para alcançar esses objetivos, os dados comportamentais foram coletados de um total de 72 participantes, que foram divididos em três grupos de proficiência, que são: (1) O grupo experimental 1, formado por 26 falantes nativos de português brasileiro com alta proficiência em inglês como L2; (2) O grupo experimental 2, composto por 26 falantes nativos de português brasileiro com baixa proficiência em inglês como L2; e (3) o grupo controle, formado por 20 falantes nativos de inglês americano. Os participantes pré-selecionados para os grupos experimentais realizaram um teste de proficiência em inglês. Todos os participantes selecionados realizaram três tarefas: (1) a Frequency Effects Task, que é uma tarefa de produção do passado de verbos em inglês; (2) a Simon Arrow Task, que foi utilizada para avaliar o controle inibitório dos participantes; e (3) a Letter-Number Ordering Task, que foi utilizada para avaliar a capacidade de memória de trabalho dos participantes. Os resultados mostraram que o controle inibitório e a capacidade de memória de trabalho não afetaram o processamento do passado de verbos em inglês. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que os falantes de inglês como L1 e L2 se comportaram de maneira diferente ao processar os verbos regulares e que isto ocorreu provavelmente devido a diferenças de proficiência na língua inglesa. No entanto, todos os participantes, independentemente do seu grupo de proficiência, decompuseram os verbos irregulares, o que é previsto somente pelo modelo de decomposição completa. O modelo de decomposição completa oferece a explicação mais adequada para os resultados encontrados no presente estudo.
Abstract : The focus of this study is the processing of regular and irregular verbal morphology by L1 and L2 speakers of English. The theoretical and empirical literature on the processing of English verbal morphology presents different accounts for the processing and representation of regular and irregular English verbs. The dual-mechanism account argues that there are two distinct mental mechanisms for the representation and processing of verbal morphology. One is a rule-based computational system for the processing of regular verbs, and the other is a memory-based computational system for the storage of irregular verbs (Ullman, Corkin, Coppola, Hickok, Growdon, Koroshetz & Pinker, 1997; Pinker, 1999; Van der Lely & Ullman, 2001; Pinker & Ullman, 2002; Ullman, 2004; Ullman, 2005). In contrast, the connectionist single-mechanism account proposes that both rules and words are represented in a single computational system, and all forms (regular and irregular) are represented in a distributed associative memory (Rumelhart & McClelland, 1986; Plunket & Marchman, 1993; Joanisse & Seidenberg, 1999; McCelland & Patterson, 2002; Joanisse & Seidenberg, 2005; Woollams, Joanisse & Patterson, 2009). A third account for the processing of English verbal morphology is proposed by the full decomposition model of morphological complexity (Stockall and Marantz, 2006), which suggests that both regular and irregular inflectional forms are decomposed. This model also relies in a single system to process verbal morphology. However, the prediction that all verbal forms (regular and irregular) are decomposed by morphological rules challenges both the dual-mechanism and the connectionist single-mechanism views. In the context of verbal morphology processing, the objectives of the present study are: (a) to investigate the influence of frequency effects and proficiency on the processing of regular and irregular verbal morphology in English as L1 and L2, and (b) to investigate the role of inhibitory control and working memory capacity on the processing of English verbal morphology. In order to achieve these objectives, behavioral data were collected from a total of 72 participants, which were divided into three proficiency groups: (1) experimental group 1 consisted of 26 native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese with a high proficiency level in English as L2; (2) experimental group 2 consisted of 26 native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese with a low proficiency level in English as L2; (3) group 3 consisted of a control group of 20 native speakers of American English. The participants pre-selected for both experimental groups were required to take a proficiency test in English. All selected participants performed three tasks: (1) the Frequency Effects Task, which is a past tense production task designed to investigate English verbal morphology; (2) the Simon Arrow Task, which was used to assess participants' inhibitory control function; and (3) the Letter-Number Ordering Task, which was used to assess participants' working memory capacity. The results showed that participants' inhibitory control function and working memory capacity did not affect the processing of English verbal morphology. In addition, the results showed that the speakers of English as L1 and L2 behaved differently when processing regular verbs, most likely due to proficiency differences in the English language. However, all participants, regardless of their proficiency group, decomposed irregular verbs. Irregular forms decomposition is predicted only by the full decomposition model. Therefore, the full decomposition model of morphological complexity offers the strongest account for the results found in the present study.
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Mitchell, David M. Dr. "Verbal -s in African-American Vernacular English:Affective, social, grammatical, and dialectological influences." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557063125096368.
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Forster, Renê Alberto Moritz da Silva e. "Morfologia flexional, sentenças complexas e não-canônicas na produção de afásicos não-fluentes." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2008. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=699.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorConsiderando discussões recentes no campo da neurolingüística este trabalho se propõe a investigar a morfologia verbal, sentenças não-canônicas e encaixadas na produção de informantes afásicos falantes de português. O trabalho investiga o quanto hipóteses sobre a produção agramática são eficazes na descrição de dados obtidos no português brasileiro e busca dissociações pertinentes a modelos lingüísticos. Foram realizados duas avaliações de desempenho lingüístico com de um total quatro afásicos não-fluentes com lesões cerebrais na área de Broca e adjacências. Uma das avaliações destina-se a investigar a morfologia flexional e a dissociação entre Concordância e Tempo, que desde o trabalho de Friedmann & Grodzinsky (1997) vem provocando discussões no campo. Este teste foi realizado por meio de tarefa de preenchimento de lacunas. O segundo teste visa a investigar a produção de sentenças encaixadas, inergativas, intransitivas e passivas numa tarefa de repetição. Em ambos os experimentos, os resultados foram, em boa medida, diferentes dos esperados. Por um lado, dissociações comumente reportadas na literatura não foram encontradas e, por outro, dissociações não esperadas foram encontradas. A partir destes dados, são feitas considerações acerca de possíveis explicações sobre o déficit de informantes não-fluentes e sobre a metodologia dos estudos da área, ressaltando-se o cuidado necessário no trato com grupos formados através de critérios pouco precisos
This work investigates verbal morphology, non-canonical and embedded sentences on the production of Brocas aphasics. The goals were to evaluate some hypothesis about agrammatic production and to search for aspects of aphasic behavior that could be useful for linguistic theories. We carried out two tests with a whole of four individuals who suffered lesions on the left cortex, at (or potentially affecting) Brocas area. The first test investigates the dissociation between Agreement and Tense originally reported by Friedmann & Grodzinsky (1997). For this purpose we have conducted a filler-gap task with forced choice. The second test consisted of a repetition task involving unergatives, unaccusatives, passives and embedded sentences. Our results showed that some reported dissociations could not be replicated by our study, while other unexpected ones were brought up. Considering this data, we draw some conclusions about some hypotheses about aphasic behavior and also propose some cautions to be taken concerning research methodology in neurolinguistics
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Picard, Flore. "Morphologie flexionnelle verbale des langues sames : modélisation de la complexité diasystémique d'un système flexionnel." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL123.
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Cette thèse est une modélisation diasystémique de la flexion verbale de cinq langues sames (famille finno-ougrienne), qui s'inscrit dans le cadre théorique des systèmes complexes. Elle se pose à l'intersection entre la complexité flexionnelle, avec pour but de démêler et modéliser les phénomènes intriqués d'allomorphie paradigmatique, et la complexité dialectale, en comparant cinq systèmes flexionnels de langues formant un réseau dialectal pour déterminer les mécanismes de différentiation et les flux interactifs qui entrent en jeu au sein du diasystème. L'analyse morphologique fait usage du modèle Paradigm Function Morphology, une approche réalisationnelle de la complexité paradigmatique développée par G. Stump, qui permet de modéliser le grand nombre d'alternances thématiques qui font la réputation d'extrême complexité de la flexion same. L'analyse des paradigmes débouche sur une taxinomie des verbes sames, sous la forme de classes flexionnelles, dans chacune des langues étudiées (sames du Sud, de Lule, du Nord, d'Inari et same Skolt), et sur un inventaire détaillé des mécanismes de flexion. À partir de ces modélisations comparables, je développe ensuite une analyse diasystémique de la morphologie verbale same en en interprétant les processus d'intrication, d'auto-organisation et d'émergence au sein du système. La configuration qui en ressort, renforcée par une étude dialectométrique, est celle d'un système dialectal à deux pôles décisionnels majeurs, ouest et est, et au centre une zone de transition et de compromis où se produisent des phénomènes de complexification phonologique et morphologiqueThis thesis analyzes the verbal inflection of five Saami languages (Finno-Ugric family) in a diasystemic modelization, working within the framework of Complex Systems Theory. It deals with both inflectional complexity, aiming to untangle and model the intricacy of paradigmatic allomorphy in Saami, and dialectal complexity, by comparing the inflectional systems of five languages organized in a dialect continuum, in order to highlight the mechanisms of differentiation and interactive flows within the diasystem.The morphological analysis uses Paradigm Function Morphology, a realizational approach to paradigmatic complexity developed by G. Stump. This framework gives me the tools needed to model the great number of stem alternations that makes Saami inflection renowned for its extreme complexity. From the paradigm analysis, I work to build a taxonomy of Saami verbs, in the form of inflectional classes, in each of the studied languages (South, Lule, North, Inari and Skolt Saami), and a detailed inventory of inflection mechanisms. Based on these comparable models, I then develop a diasystemic analysis of Saami verbal morphology by modeling the processes of intrication, self-organization and emergence happening in the system. The resulting configuration, reinforced by a dialectometric study, is that of a system with two major decision centers, western and eastern, and in the center a transitional zone of compromise where phonological and morphological complexification phenomena arise
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Vidro, Nadezda. "Verbal morphology in the Karaite treatise on Hebrew grammar Kitāb al-ʻUqūd fī Taṣārīf al-Luġa al-ʻIbrāniyya." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.611828.
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Kahoul, Walid. "Arabic and Chinese learners' production, perception and processing of past tense and verbal agreement morphology in L2 English." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2544.
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This thesis is an attempt to locate the source of the difficulties experienced by adult second language (L2) learners of English in the production of past tense and verbal agreement morphology, observed as an alternation between the inflected and stem forms of verbs in contexts where only the former is accepted in target grammars. To this end, current competing syntactic, non-syntactic and phonological accounts of the phenomenon are tested against production, perception and processing data. Production was tested by a sentence elicited imitation task, which comprised of 50 aural sentences creating obligatory contexts for the properties under study. Participants were asked to repeat the sentences one by one and their response was recorded. Perception and processing were tested by a computerised picture-choice task, which consisted of 88 picture-sentence trials. Participants were asked to choose one picture, the choice of which depended on their perception of verbal morphology. Picture choice response, reaction times and eye movements were recorded in this task. Thirty-seven L1 speakers of Chinese and thirty-four L1 speakers of Arabic, who were matched in L2 proficiency at low, mid and high levels, in addition to a control group of ten native speakers of English participated in the study. The results of the production and perception studies similarly showed that while Chinese participants produced and perceived the morphology variably at all levels, Arab participants did so only at low and mid levels, overcoming variability at the highest proficiency level. Neither production nor perception data demonstrated phonological effects. Results from the processing study revealed that both language groups processed the morphology similarly at low and mid levels but they differed at the high level with only Arab participants’ data showing evidence for developing automatic competence. These findings strongly suggest that morphological variability is caused by absence of syntactic representations which are built up incrementally with rising proficiency supporting structure building accounts of L2 acquisition.
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Tahery, Zohreh. "L'acquisition de la temporalité en français par des apprenants persanophones." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030005.
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Cette thèse s’inscrit au sein des recherches sur l’acquisition de la temporalité. Elle vise à étudier l’acquisition et l’expression de la temporalité en français par les apprenants persanophones. L’objectif majeur étant d’identifier et de décrire les moyens linguistiques de transmettre l’information temporelle par nos sujets enquêtés. Notre recherche se concentre particulièrement sur les moyens de référence au « passé ». La description de la temporalité se caractérise par deux aspects : la référence à la morphologie verbale d’une part et le recours aux moyens pragmatiques (le lexique, les adverbes temporels, le principe de raconter les événements dans l’ordre de leur occurrence) d’autre part. La morphologie verbale et son développement se trouvent au cœur des analyses des données recueillies. Les formes verbales sont examinées dans une perspective formelle et fonctionnelle tout en s’appuyant sur une méthode fonctionnaliste. L’enquête de terrain a été conduite auprès de trois apprenantes iraniennes qui résident en France. Il s’agit d’un corpus longitudinal (oral et écrit) afin de relever les traces du développement progressif dans l’acquisition de la temporalité. Nous nous interrogeons notamment sur les étapes de développement morphologique dans la description de la temporalité. Les résultats des analyses favorisent non seulement l’étude comparative de trois apprenantes, mais aussi leur confrontation avec les apprenants d’autres recherches menées en différentes langues sources et cibles. L’objectif principal est de mettre en lumière les phénomènes permanents dans l’acquisition de la temporalité en L2This thesis is in the field of research on the acquisition of temporality. It aims at studying the acquisition and the expression of French temporality by the persanophones learning. The major goal is to identify and describe the average linguistics to transmit temporal information by our surveyed subjects. Our research concentrates particularly on the means of reference to the « past ». Two aspects characterize the temporality description: the reference to verbal morphology on the one hand and the recourse to the pragmatic means (the lexicon, adverbs temporal, the principle of telling the events in the order of their occurrence) on the other hand. Verbal morphology and its development are in the centre of the data analyses collected. The verbal forms are examined in the formal and functional prospect, all while being based on a functionalist method. The fieldwork has been conducted near three Iranian learning French who resides in France.! It is a question of a longitudinal corpus (oral and writing) in order to raise the traces of the progressive development in the acquisition of temporality. We wonder in particular about the stages of morphological development in the description of temporality. The results of the analyses support not only the comparative study of three learning, but also their confrontation with learning from other research undertaken in various source and target languages. The main aim is to clarify the permanent phenomena in the acquisition of temporality in L2
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Kohler, Kaja. "Erwerb der frühen Verbmorphologie im Estnischen." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2003. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/136/.
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Die Studie untersucht den Erwerb der frühen Verbmorphologie im Estnischen. Als Datengrundlage der Arbeit dienen Spontansprachaufnahmen von 10 estnischsprachigen Kindern im Alter zwischen 10 und 32 Monaten.Die Studie versucht eine detaillierte Analyse des Erwerbs des estnischsprachigen Verbmorphologie vorzunehmen. Dabei werden die aufeinander folgenden Entwicklungsstadien, ihre ungefähren Altersgrenzen, sowie Erwerbsreihenfolge dargestellt und mit typologisch unterschiedlichen Sprachen verglichen.
The thesis 'The acquisition of early verbal morphology in Estonian' examines the development of the early stages of acquisition of Estonian verbal morphology.
The study based on recordings of the spontaneous speech production of 10 monolingual Estonian children between the age of 10 and 32 months.
More specifically the study focusses on the investigation of aspects of the acquisition of inflectional morphology which can be derived from the language specific morphophonological properties of Estonian and compared with those of typologically different languages like English.
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McGuigan, Colm John. "A comparative analysis of noun and verbal morphology in the speech of Irish speakers in the Donegal Gaeltacht and Belfast." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.709672.
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This thesis is a linguistic examination of the spoken Irish of two distinct groups of young Irish speakers, one group from the Donegal Gaeltacht and New Speakers from the greater-Belfast area who have acquired their Irish, for the most part, through the Irish-Medium Education System. The thesis will examine the contexts in which both these groups have acquired and use Irish, giving an historical background to the study, encompassing the decline of the Gaeltacht and the use of Irish in the traditional education system in the Republic of Ireland and its growth in the Gaelscoil sector in both states, alongside its societal marginalization in Northern Ireland. There will also be an examination of the causes and structural consequences of language change and the growth of New Speakers in minority language contexts and the discourse surrounding issues of authenticity and native speakers as linguistic models for New Speakers. The linguistic analysis of the speech data collected from the two groups will examine similarities and differences between the informant groups, highlight and examine salient patterns and analyse what linguistic processes influence these.
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Bandeira, Luana Alves. "The role of typology and proficiency in L2 processing of brazilian portuguese and english verbal morphology: an eye-movement study." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2015. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/169618.
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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Inglês: Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, Florianópolis, 2015Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-19T13:16:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 340559.pdf: 1705401 bytes, checksum: 86d0344ad84cb57a40bb652a09b70764 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015
Abstract : The focus of this study is on the role of the first language (L1) typology and second language (L2) proficiency in the processing of regular past tense verbs in L2 Brazilian Portuguese (BP) and L2 English. The linguistic processing of intermediate and advanced L2 learners from typologically different L1 and L2 was assessed. Specifically, the verb morphological processing of L2 learners of BP (L1 speakers of English) and L2 learners of English (L1 speakers of BP) at intermediate and advanced proficiency levels in the L2 was compared by means of the eye-movement method. The predictions of two theories in the Second Language Acquisition literature the Unified Competition Model (MacWhinney, 2005) and the Associative-Cognitive CREED (Ellis, 2006a) were considered in order to explain the persistent problems of L2 learners with verbal inflection. Data were collected from a total of 16 participants 4 advanced L2 learners of English, 4 intermediate L2 learners of English, 5 advanced L2 learners of BP and 3 intermediate L2 learners of BP. Participants were divided into two groups: (a) L2BP (L2 learners of BP) and (b) L2EN (L2 learners of English). The following materials were employed in this study: (a) a linguistic background questionnaire; (b) a proficiency assessment test based on the CELPE-Bras writing section for the L2 learners of BP; (c) a proficiency assessment test based on the TOEFL iBT writing section for the L2 learners of English; (d) a Sentence Comprehension Task in BP; (e) a Sentence Comprehension Task in English. The Sentence Comprehension Tasks consisted of grammatical sentences in which the target words were regular past tense verbs in BP and in English. The two groups of bilinguals were asked to perform the Sentence Comprehension Task in both their L1 and L2. Results show that there was no significant difference in language processing between the L2BP group and the L2EN group, which means that the cross-linguistic differences between L2 learners L1 and L2 (i.e., L2 learners L1 typology) did not affect the processing of L2 verbal inflection between the groups. However, the L1 typology might have had an effect on L2 morphological processing of the L2BP group. This influence may be attributed to the fact that English lacks morphosyntactic features existent in BP, resulting in extra processing cost in the Sentence Comprehension Task in BP. As regards the role of proficiency, results indicate that there was no statistically significant correlation between proficiency and the eye-tracking measures for either of the groups. Particularly, the results of the present study demonstrate that L2 learners can process their target language almost indistinguishably from native speakers regardless of their proficiency level and L1 background. Nonetheless, the L2 learners of BP processed their L2 in qualitatively different ways than they processed their L1, indicating that the morphosyntactic differences between BP and English may have played a role in the L2 processing of English-speaking learners of a Romance Language.
O foco desta pesquisa está no papel da tipologia da primeira língua (L1) e da proficiência da segunda língua (L2) no processamento de verbos regulares no passado em português brasileiro (PB) e inglês como L2. O processamento linguístico de aprendizes de L2 com diferentes níveis de proficiência, cujas L1 e L2 são tipologicamente diferentes, foi avaliado. Especificamente, o processamento da morfologia verbal em L2 de aprendizes com níveis intermediário e avançado em PB (falantes nativos de inglês) e em inglês (falantes nativos de português) foi comparado através do método de rastreamento ocular. As predições de duas teorias existentes na literatura de Aquisição de Segunda Língua o Modelo Unificado de Competição (MacWhinney, 2005) e a Teoria Associativa-Cognitiva CREED (Ellis, 2006a) foram consideradas para explicar os problemas persistentes de aprendizes de L2 com a flexão verbal. Dados foram coletados de um total de 16 participantes 4 aprendizes avançados de inglês-L2, 4 aprendizes intermediários de inglês-L2, 5 aprendizes avançados de PB-L2 e 3 aprendizes intermediários de PB-L2. Os participantes foram divididos em dois grupos: (a) L2BP (aprendizes PB-L2) e (b) L2EN (aprendizes de inglês-L2). Os seguintes materiais foram utilizados neste estudo: (a) um questionário sobre o perfil linguístico dos participantes; (b) uma avaliação de proficiência baseada na seção de escrita do CELPE-Bras para os aprendizes de PB-L2; (c) uma avaliação de proficiência baseada na seção de escrita do TOEFL iBT para os aprendizes de inglês-L2; (d) uma tarefa de compreensão de sentenças em PB; (e) uma tarefa de compreensão de sentenças em inglês. As tarefas de compreensão de sentença consistiam de frases gramaticais em que as palavras-alvo eram verbos regulares no passado em PB e em inglês. Os dois grupos de bilíngues executaram a tarefa de compreensão de sentenças em sua língua nativa e em sua L2. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstram que não houve diferença significativa no processamento das sentenças entre o grupo de L2BP e o grupo de L2EN, o que significa que as diferenças translinguísticas entre a L1 e a L2 dos participantes não tiveram efeito sobre o processamento da flexão verbal em L2 entre os grupos. Todavia, a tipologia da L1 pode ter tido um efeito sobre processamento morfológico do grupo L2BP. Essa influência pode ser atribuída ao fato de que o inglês carece de recursos morfossintáticos existentes no PB, resultando em custo extra de processamento na tarefa de compreensão de sentenças em PB. Quanto ao papel da proficiência, os resultados indicam que não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre proficiência e as medidas do rastreador ocular para nenhum dos grupos. Particulamente, os resultados do presente estudo demonstram que os aprendizes de L2 podem processar sua língua-alvo quase indistintamente de falantes nativos, independentemente do seu nível de proficiência e L1. No entanto, os aprendizes de PB-L2 processaram a sua L2 de forma qualitativamente diferente da forma em que eles processaram a sua L1, o que demonstra que as diferenças morfossintáticas entre o PB e o inglês podem ter exercido um efeito sobre o processamento de L2 de falantes nativos de inglês cuja L2 é uma língua românica.
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Gomes, Cleonice Candida. "O Sistema verbal do balanta : um estudo dos morfemas de tempo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19012009-154521/.
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Este trabalho analisa os valores dos morfemas de tempo e de modalidade da língua balanta. O balanta é uma língua falada entre Casamansa, sul do Senegal, e o rio Geba, norte de Guiné-Bissau. A língua balanta pertence à família Atlântica do tronco Nigero-Congolês, que possui como línguas mais faladas: fula, uolofe (wolof), diola, serer, temne. A língua balanta se encontra no braço do norte, no grupo denominado Bak, juntamente com o diola, o manjaco, o mancanha e o papel. O paradigma verbal do balanta apresenta os seguintes morfemas de tempo e de modalidade: {-Æ} presente, passado remoto, futuro, mudança de estado, dêitico, concluso, e inconcluso, os quatro últimos são usados para a expressar a atitude do falante em relação ao conteúdo proposicional ou ao valor de verdade do enunciado, ou em relação ao ouvinte a quem o enunciado se destina. O morfema {-Æ} presente, de acordo com o paradigma verbal e o tipo de verbo, apresenta valores como presente e passado no acabado; presente ou futuro no inacabado; os morfemas de modalidade, de acordo com o paradigma verbal e o tipo de verbo, apresentam valores como mudança de estado e interrupção da ação, fechamento da ação no tempo e certeza ou não fechamento da ação e incerteza.The focus on this paper is to show the values of the tenses and the modality morphemes in the Balanta language. The Balanta is a language spoken between Casamance, South of Senegal, and Geba River, north of Guinea-Bissau. The Balanta is an Atlantic language of the Niger-Congo branch, of which Fufulde, Wolof, Diola, Serer, Temne are among the most spoken. The Balanta is located in the north branch, in the group called Bak, togheter with Diola, Mandyak, Mankanya and Papel. The verbal paradigm of Balanta presents the following tenses and modality morphemes: {-Æ} present, remote past, future, change of stage, deictic, conclusive, inconclusive, the last four morphemes are used to express the attitude of the speaker in relation to the propositional content or in relation to the truth of the statement, or in relation to the listener. The morpheme {-Æ} present, in accordance with the verbal paradigm and the kind of verb, present values such as present and past in the perfective, present or future in the imperfective; the modality morphemes, in accordance with the verbal paradigm and the kind of verb, present values such as change of stage and interruption action, closing action in the time and certitude, no action closing and incertitude
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Catt, Adam Alvah. "Studies in Indo-Iranian HistoricalLinguistics." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188403.
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Costa, Tharsila Moreira Gomes da. "Teste de morfologia da língua portuguesa em sujeitos normais: efeitos de escolaridade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5170/tde-25102017-154521/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: Pouco se conhece sobre aspectos morfológicos da linguagem, o que representa uma lacuna no cenário das relações cérebro-mente. Os escassos estudos foram realizados em línguas anglo-saxônicas, com características diferentes do português brasileiro. Estudos dos aspectos morfológicos, em sujeitos com alterações neurológicas, demonstram efeitos do desempenho em tarefas de linguagem. Alguns estudos apontam que a flexão de verbos regulares e irregulares pode estar associada a mecanismos e processamentos cerebrais diferentes. A pesquisa sobre o comportamento de indivíduos sadios falantes do português brasileiro pode colaborar para a construção de referências que permitirão estudos futuros sobre sujeitos com alterações de linguagem. OBJETIVOS: verificar a produção morfológica em Língua Portuguesa do Brasil de sujeitos cognitivamente saudáveis por meio de um teste de flexão de verbos e pseudoverbos. MÉTODO: A amostra foi composta por sujeitos sadios, com idade entre 40 a 80 anos. Foi considerado o nível de escolaridade pelo número de anos em escola formal: o Grupo 1 (G1) entre 0 a 7 anos de estudo, e o Grupo 2 (G2) acima de 8 anos de estudo. O Teste foi composto por frases-alvo com verbos e pseudoverbos, balanceadas em tempo verbal, conjugação dos verbos e tipo do verbo (regular/irregular). As frases alvo foram apresentadas em áudio por meio de um software e o sujeito foi solicitado a completar a frase. RESULTADOS: As respostas dos sujeitos foram analisadas e descritas com perfis de desempenho dos grupos em relação à escolaridade. Nos verbos reais irregulares foi observado pior desempenho para o G1 em relação ao G2, com diferença estatística. Nos pseudoverbos foi observada diferença estatística em todas as flexões verbais, com desempenho pior para o G1. A análise qualitativa das respostas revelou efeito de lexicalização do pseudoverbo, ausência de respostas e transformações fonológicas mais frequentes nas respostas do G1. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo, realizado com uma amostra populacional cognitivamente saudável pode contribuir como referência para futuras pesquisas envolvendo pacientes com diferentes alterações de linguagemIntroduction: Little is known about the morphological aspects of language, which represents a gap in the brain-mind relationship scenario. The scarce studies were produced in Anglo-Saxon languages, with different characteristics from the Brazilian Portuguese. Studies on morphological aspects in subjects with neurological disorders have shown worst performance related to language tasks. A few studies indicate that the inflexion of regular and irregular verbs may be associated with different mechanisms and cerebral processes. The research about healthy Brazilian Portuguese speakers\' behavior may collaborate as reference for future studies with subjects with language disorders. Purpose: to verify the morphological production in the Portuguese language in healthy subjects through a verb and pseudoverb inflexion test. Methods: the sample was composed by cognitively healthy individuals with ages ranging between 40 to 80 years old. The years of formal education were considered as the educational level; the Group 1 (G1) between 0 to 7 years of study and the Group 2 (G2) above 8 years of study. The test consisted of 213 target-phrases with different verbal tenses. The sentences were built with real verbs and pseudoverbs. A program was designed to play the target-phrases in audio and the subjects had to complete the given sentence. Results: the subjects\' answers were transcribed and analyzed by their performance on the test and also through the type of answer presented to each stimulus. Subjects were then compared by their performance and educational level. For the real irregular verbs it was observed a worse performance by G1 than G2, with a marked statistical significance. For the pseudoverbs it was observed a statistical significance in all verb inflexions, with worse performance by G1. Qualitative analysis of the responses revealed a pseudoverb lexicalization effect, absence of answer and a more frequent phonological transformation for G1 answers. Conclusion: there is an education influence in the morphological production performance in cognitively healthy individuals. This study may contribute as a reference for future researches involving patients with language disorders in Brazil
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Engsheden, Åke. "La reconstitution du verbe en égyptien de tradition 400-30 avant J.-C." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för arkeologi och antik historia, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-2535.
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Two variants of ancient Egyptian were used for different categories of written communication during the last millennium B.C. The vernacular, known as Demotic, served as the written language for administrative, legal and literary documents. Traditional Egyptian (égyptien de tradition), written in the hieroglyphic script and with linguistic structures that are purported to imitate those of the Classical Egyptian, was still used to compose mainly religious documents. The present work treats the verbal system of Traditional Egyptian using texts dated to the period 400-30 B.C. These documents include royal stelae and priestly decrees, among these the Rosetta Stone, as well as biographical inscriptions. After a general introduction, and a presentation of morphological characteristics, the study takes up the basic verbal patterns. The suffix conjugations, the sDm=fand sDm.n=f , in its various meanings and combinations, affirmative and negative, are dealt with, as is the pseudoparticiple. The infinitive, as it appears in e.g. pseudoverbal constructions and the sDm pw ir.n=f is examined in a separate section, with an additional chapter covering the passive forms of the suffix conjugation. A summary of the conclusions that are reached by this study are presented in the final chapter. Graphic variations show that morphemes formerly used to distinguish verbal classes are largely ignored. Only a few irregular verbs still display, at times, writings that retain the old inflections, often, however, without corresponding to the category that would be expected given the context. These writings are unevenly distributed among the documents, testifying to the existence of local, or perhaps rather individual, grammatical systems. Similarly, the co-existence in Traditional Egyptian of the two forms of the suffix conjugation sDm.n=fand sDm=f, both used to express a completed event, is best understood when each document is studied separately. There is a general avoidance of forms and expressions that parallel those found in Demotic. This appears to have been of greater importance than following the rules of Classical Egyptian. The use of the conjunctive and infinitival constructions, under certain conditions, confirms this observation.
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Cao, Yi. "L'acquisition de la morphologie verbale chez des apprenants sinophones de français langue étrangère." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUL098.
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L'acquisition de la morphologie verbale du français, avec son système flexionnel très complexe, pose souvent des difficultés aux apprenants non natifs. C'est particulièrement vrai pour les apprenants sinophones, car la langue chinoise se caractérise par l'absence de marques flexionnelles, c'est-à-dire que les verbes sont invariables, sans morphèmes grammaticaux indiquant le nombre, la personne, le mode, le temps, ou l'aspect.Même à un niveau de maîtrise avancé, les apprenants sinophones font fréquemment des erreurs d'accord sujet-verbe et de conjugaison. Cependant, les formes verbales déviantes qu'ils produisent présentent certaines régularités. Cette étude se propose d'analyser les performances écrites et orales d'apprenants sinophones de deux niveaux différents à partir d'une tâche de production écrite et orale semi-spontanée (raconter un extrait de film), afin de répondre à un triple objectif : d'abord, décrire et interpréter l'interlangue de ces apprenants sinophones concernant la production écrite et orale des formes verbales du français ; ensuite, analyser les facteurs influençant l'acquisition de ces formes ; enfin, proposer des solutions de remédiationThe acquisition of French verbal morphology, with its highly complex inflectional system, often poses difficulties for non-native learners. This is particularly true for Sinophone learners, as the Chinese language is characterized by the absence of inflectional markers; that is, verbs are invariant and lack grammatical morphemes indicating number, person, mood, tense, or aspect.Even at an advanced level, Sinophone learners frequently make subject-verb agreement and conjugation errors. However, the deviant verb forms they produce exhibit certain regularities. This study aims to analyze the written and oral performances of Sinophone learners at two different levels using a semi-spontaneous written and oral production task (narrating a movie excerpt), in order to achieve three objectives: first, to describe and interpret the interlanguage of these Sinophone learners regarding the written and oral production of French verb forms; second, to analyze the factors influencing the acquisition of these forms; and finally, to propose remedial solutions
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Marí, Tur Roser. "El segment velar en la flexió verbal de l’eivissenc. Anàlisi de la variació distribucional, geogràfica i generacional." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/459065.
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La tesi El segment velar en la flexió verbal de l’eivissenc. Anàlisi de la variació distribucional, geogràfica i generacional descriu i analitza les ocurrències del segment velar en el sistema verbal del català que es parla actualment a l’illa d’Eivissa. El treball neix amb l’objectiu d’aportar noves dades en dos camps: d’una banda, en el coneixement del dialecte eivissenc, concretament de la seva morfologia verbal, que no havia estat descrita ni analitzada de manera detallada fins ara; i d’una altra banda, en la distribució del segment velar en el sistema verbal de la llengua catalana, que ha estat, i és, un dels temes que genera més estudis en l’àmbit de la morfologia flexiva del català.
La major part dels estudis sobre l’eivissenc, o que hi fan referència, apareguts fins al moment han estat realitzats a partir de les dades del corpus que Alcover i Moll varen confegir a principis del segle XX (1929-1933). La primera aportació d’aquesta tesi és que s’ha realitzat a partir d’un corpus propi de dades actuals elaborat al llarg dels anys 2008 i 2009. Aquest corpus de dades conté concretament les respostes de 54 informants de sis localitats eivissenques, dividits en tres franges d’edat, sobre la conjugació de 47 verbs de les tres classes verbals, més 18 verbs de la classe I que es varen enquestar de manera complementària. La tesi descriu de manera detallada les ocurrències del segment velar detectades en aquest corpus i les analitza des de tres punts de vista: morfològic, distribucional i variacional.
L’anàlisi morfològica ens ha permès constatar que el segment velar en eivissenc apareix a totes les classes verbals, fet que ens obliga descartar el tractament de la velar com a marca específica de la classe II. En base a l’anàlisi que fem de la totalitat de les ocurrències del segment velar, postulem que la velar és una marca d’extensió a totes les classes verbals, tret de la classe I on cal que sigui tractada com a marca de nombre/persona, ja que només ocorre a les formes de la primera persona del singular del present d’indicatiu. La interpretació com a extensió que fem del segment velar que ocorre als verbs de la classe III ens ha portat a postular una nova estructura verbal a partir de la proposada a Viaplana (1984, 1986). Aquesta nova estructura presenta l’avantatge que permet donar un tractament unitari a totes les ocurrències del segment velar i palatal en eivissenc (i, de manera extensiva, a la resta de varietats de la llengua catalana) i també possibilita, com en el cas de Viaplana, el tractament paral·lel de tots dos segments.
A l’anàlisi distribucional, elaborat a partir dels conceptes de patrons morfològics de Querol (2009), que segueix els postulats de Maiden (2001, 2003), establim, en funció de les respostes majoritàries dels informants, quatre patrons generals de distribució del segment velar en eivissenc. Aquests quatre patrons reflecteixen una diferència de grau en la velarització, que justifiquem, en la majoria de casos, per les condicions fòniques de l’arrel verbal. A grans trets, hem certificat que el que ocorre és que el patró velar bàsic, que és el que mostra el grau més alt de velarització, actua sobre els paradigmes de tots els verbs, de manera que els verbs d’altres patrons velars presenten una variació que tendeix al patró més ampli que tenen per sobre.
Els resultats de l’anàlisi variacional ens permeten determinar, en relació amb la variació respecte dels patrons, que es donen dos tendències majoritàries i contràries entre elles: l’augment de la velarització, que respon a moviments interns del dialecte, i la disminució de la velarització, que és el resultat de la pressió d’altres varietats lingüístiques. Per últim, l’anàlisi sobre la variació geogràfica i generacional ens permet, d’una banda, establir una divisió entre les localitats més afectades pels efectes del turisme (on l’estructura de la societat ha canviat més) i les que s’han mantingut més allunyades d’aquests efectes (i on, per tant, l’estructura de la societat ha patit menys canvis). D’altra banda, en relació amb les diferències generacionals, el gran canvi es troba en les respostes dels informants de la franja 3, els més joves, que, per una banda, presenten més formes similars a la varietat estàndard però que, a la vegada, són els promotors de l’augment de la velarització a la classe I, el fenomen més innovador de l’eivissenc que hem detectat a la tesi.The doctoral thesis El segment velar en la flexió verbal de l’eivissenc. Anàlisi de la variació distribucional, geogràfica i generacional describes and analyses the velar affix occurrence in the verbal system of the Catalan dialect which is currently spoken on the island of Eivissa. The dissertation came into being with the aim of providing new data in two different fields: on the one hand, on the Ibizan dialect, specifically on its verbal morphology, which until now had neither been described or analysed in depth; and on the other, on the velar affix distribution in the Catalan verbal system, which has been, and still is, one of the most researched areas in the field of the Catalan inflectional morphology. Most of the former research on the Ibizan dialect, or studies that make reference to it, has been conducted based on the data collected by Alcover and Moll at the beginning of the 20th century (1929-1933). The first contribution of this thesis is that it has been completed using its own corpus, which contains data collected between the years 2008 and 2009. This corpus gathers the answers of 54 respondents (divided into three age ranges) from 6 different Ibizan towns, about the conjugation of 47 verbs of all three verbal types, and also, surveyed in a complementary manner, about 18 type 1 verbs. The thesis describes in detail the velar affix occurrence in this corpus and analyses it from three different points of view: morphologically, that is, determining which role the velar affix plays in the Catalan verbal system; from a distributional point of view, following Maiden’s morphomic patterns (2001, 2003); and finally, in a variational way, from both a geographical and generational point of view.
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Petersen, Maria Carolina de Oliveira Almeida. "O licenciamento do sujeito nulo em orações subjuntivas no português brasileiro: contribuições para a Teoria de Controle por Movimento." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-25112011-090219/.
Full textAbstract:
Dentro dos estudos gerativos, é de consenso geral que o português brasileiro (PB) não se conforma à descrição de línguas conhecidas como tipicamente pro-drop, (Figueiredo Silva 1996, Kato 1999, Kato e Negrão 2000, entre outros). Ferreira (2000, 2009), Rodrigues (2004) argumentam que o sujeito nulo referencial do PB é uma cópia apagada resultante do movimento de um sintagma que originalmente ocupava esta posição, nos termos da Teoria de Controle por Movimento (Hornstein (2001)), e por isso o sujeito nulo mostra os diagnósticos de controle obrigatório (CO). Essa dissertação tem como objetivo principal investigar as restrições ao licenciamento e interpretação do sujeito nulo em orações subjuntivas do português brasileiro. Ao analisar o contraste no licenciamento de sujeito nulo em complementos subjuntivos do PB, tratamos também de contextos que apresentam obviação pronominal, típica de complementos subjuntivos nas línguas românicas (e eslavas). A presente dissertação identifica e discute três tipos distintos de complementos subjuntivos, que se agrupam da seguinte forma: os Subjuntivos-L(ivres) e Subjuntivo- A(dverbiais), que permitem sujeitos nulos de CO, mas não impõem obviação a um pronome aberto; eles se mostram independentes quanto à oração matriz e se comportam como indicativos nos aspectos relevantes testados. Os Subjuntivos- R(estritos) mostram propriedades opostas, já que esse contexto impõe obviação e é exclusivo em não licenciar CO no PB; os Subjuntivos-R mostram dependência quanto à oração matriz e se comportam como infinitivos nos aspectos relevantes. Para dar conta dos contrastes, adotamos a reinterpretação dos princípios A e B em termos de economia derivacional (Hornstein 2001, 2007), em que a possibilidade de uma derivação utilizar apenas movimento bloqueia, na mesma estrutura sintática, o uso de pronomes ligado. É então proposto que subjuntivos-R competem com complementos infinitivos, por serem domínios temporais defectivos. A obviação pronominal e a ausência de CO em Subjuntivos-R é uma consequência direta dessa competição. No quadro do Programa Minimalista (Chomsky 1995, 2001, 2008), nós propomos que esses complementos não apresentam traço sintático de Tempo e precisam concordar com a oração matriz para receber o valor de tempo adequado. Isso explica o comportamento temporal defectivo desse domínio, bem como suas propriedades de fase fraca (Chomsky 2001, 2008). A possibilidade de movimento do sujeito depende da numeração inicial de cada derivação, que leva a diferentes resultados: quando há um DP para sujeito na numeração, o sujeito DP não recebe Caso e se move para oração matriz, gerando uma estrutura de CO com morfologia default de infinitivo. A valoração de Tempo se dá no componente coberto. Já quando há mais de um DP para as posições de sujeito, C T da oração subordinada deve ser valorado no componente sintático, como mecanismo mais custoso para salvar a derivação. Assim, haverá a atribuição de Caso para o sujeito e a morfologia de subjuntivo como resultado. Essa dissertação discute vantagens de se adotar essa análise para os efeitos de obviação, bem como evidências adicionais de que ela pode estar no caminho correto.Within the Generative framework, it is a consensus that Brazilian Portuguese (BP) does not conform to the description of typical pro-drop languages (Figueiredo Silva 1996, Kato 1999, Kato and Negrão 2000, among others). Based on Hornsteins (2001) Movement Theory of Control, referential null subjects in BP have been analyzed as traces (deleted copies) of A-movement (Ferreira 2000, 2009, Rodrigues 2004) and therefore they show all the diagnoses of obligatory control (OC). This thesis aims to investigate the restrictions on the licensing and interpretation of null subjects in subjunctive clauses in BP. By examining the contrast on the licensing of null subjects in subjunctive complements of PB, we also dealt with pronominal obviation effects, typical from subjunctive complements of volitional predicates in BP (and many other Romance and Slavic languages). In this thesis, we will propose that Tense defectiveness is responsible to both obviation and lack of OC in certain Subjunctive clauses. This thesis discusses three distinct types of subjunctive complements, which are grouped as follows: the Free-Subjunctives and Adverb-Subjunctives, which allow OC null subjects, but do not impose obviation to an overt pronoun. They show syntactic independence with respect to the main clause and behave as indicatives in all relevant aspects. In contrast, the Restricted-Subjunctives show exactly the opposite pattern: this context is exclusively in not licensing OC in BP and triggers obviation effect. Additionally, Restricted-Subjunctives are dependent on the main clause and behave as infinitives in all the aspects tested here. Here I follow Hornsteins (2007, 2010) approach to Principle A and B. In his terms, pronouns and reflexives are by-products of grammatical operations and are semantically inert. Movement is more economical than pronominalization and so trumps the application of the latter where Move suffices for convergence. More generally, just as Merge is cheaper than Move, so Move (and Reflexivization, in the guise of Move) is cheaper than Construe (in the guise of Pronominalziation). In this perspective, obviation is a consequence of economy of derivations. We argue that BP facts provide empirical evidence that obviative subjunctives are underlying infinitives for they derivationally compete. In the Minimalist Program framework (Chomsky 1995, 2001, 2008), we propose that such complements do not have syntactic Tense feature and must agree with the matrix clause, which explains their temporal defectiveness, and their weak Phase behavior (Chomsky 2001, 2008). The unvalued embedded C-T in the relevant step of the derivation is not allowed to Case mark its subject, being a defective probe (Chomsky 2001), which allows the DP to move to the matrix clause for Case requirements. Thus, the movement alternative is the only convergent result starting from a numeration with a single DP for a subject and it surfaces as an infinitive. The same considerations hold for a derivation with two distinct DPs for subject positions, the only difference being that after getting valued by the matrix clause in the syntax component, the embedded C-T can value the Case of its subject, which leads to a nominative embedded subject and subjunctive morphology on the verb. The thesis discusses some advantages on adopting this analysis to obviation effects in Romance.
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Perea, Maria Pilar 1960. "Estructura i variació en el verb català de començaments de segle: La flexió verbal en els dialectes catalans, Alcover - Moll." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673535.
Full textAbstract:
Un dels àmbits de la llengua on la variació dialectal es manifesta d’una manera més marcadament multiforme és el de la morfologia verbal. Antoni M. Alcover, considerat el fundador de la dialectologia a Catalunya, desenvolupà a començaments de segle el projecte que, sota el títol "Estudi especial de la conjugació", donava a conèixer el variat polimorfisme que presentaven les realitzacions verbals a tot el domini lingüístic català. Aquests resultats es plasmaren a finals deis anys vint i a principis deis trenta en la publicació de "La flexió verbal en els dialectes catalans".
Les dades recollides en aquest compendi constitueixen un reflex real de l’estat de la morfología verbal del català en un àmbit temporal, que s’estén del 1906 al 1928, i en un àmbit espacial, que es concreta en cent quaranta-nou localitats de sis àrees dialectals: el pirinenc oriental (que correspon grosso modo a l'actual rossellonès i a una part del català septentrional de transició), el català oriental, el català occidental, el valencià, el balear i l’alguerès.
Fins ara, algunes d’aquestes dades han estat utilitzades en treballs específics per il·lustrar la conjugació d’un verb en una zona geogràfica determinada o per constatar la variació que una forma verbal pot experimentar segons l'àrea dialectal on es realitzi. Tanmateix, els materials de "La flexió verbal en els dialectes catalans" mai no han estat estudiats globalment ni comparativament des d’un punt de vista sincrònic i, menys, des d’una perspectiva interdialectal. La descripció que es desenvolupará en aquest treball permetrà de contrastar les realitzacions subjacents deis segments morfològics que conformen cinc verbs que, per les seves característiques, esdevenen els representants regulars de les diverses varietats dialectals.
En definitiva, l’objectiu general d’aquesta tesi és dur a terme una anàlisi de l’estructura del verb català a començaments de segle i de la variació morfològica que pot presentar aquesta estructura en els diversos dominis dialectals. L’estudi se centra en la flexió de cinc verbs que s’han establert com a models regulars. Els paradigmes s’han obtingut a partir de les dades incloses en el recull d’Alcover, que incorpora la conjugació completa de setanta-quatre verbs que van ser enquestats durant els tres primers decennis d’aquest segle.
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Bassani, Indaiá de Santana. "Uma abordagem localista para morfologia e estrutura argumental dos verbos complexos (parassintéticos) do português brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-19022014-104851/.
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O objeto empírico desta tese é um subgrupo de verbos complexos do português brasileiro. Os dados estudados são formações sincronicamente transparentes e composicionais com prefixos a-, eN- e eS- e sufixos -ec-, -iz-, -e- e -ej-, incluindo os chamados verbos parassintéticos, e formações originalmente complexas, porém duvidosas quanto à complexidade atualmente. O corpus contém 380 verbos selecionados a partir de dicionário e organizados por critérios de frequência. O objetivo geral descritivo enfoca questões relativas às propriedades e ao comportamento dos afixos, das raízes e das vogais temáticas. A discussão é organizada em torno dos níveis de estrutura morfológica, morfofonológica, argumental e eventual. O objetivo geral teórico do trabalho consiste em discutir as propostas da Semântica Lexical, da Sintaxe Lexical e da Morfologia Distribuída. Como resultados, o estudo oferece uma primeira classificação em verbos parcialmente transparentes e totalmente transparentes. Aqueles são analisados como fruto de um processo de reanálise histórica comparado ao desaparecimento de preverbos. O estudo mostra que existe um continuum entre formações completamente fossilizadas, reanalisadas como simples, em processo de mudança e completamente transparentes e composicionais. Uma segunda classificação se refere a formações com significado composicional e não-composicional. Os dados não-composicionais são estruturalmente analisados através de uma releitura da restrição de localidade na interpretação das raízes e do uso da noção de polissemia das raízes. Os verbos totalmente transparentes e composicionais são descritivamente classificados em verbos de mudança de estado, de lugar (location), de posse concreta (locatum), de posse abstrata, de reconfiguração e verbos de modificação de v. A característica mais robusta dessa subclasse é a obrigatoriedade de um argumento interno interpretado como objeto afetado (tema ou experienciador, em menor escala) da mudança expressa pelo evento. A investigação aponta que esses prefixos podem ser a realização fonológica de um núcleo misto de natureza lexical e funcional que é responsável por introduzir o argumento interno na estrutura e relacioná-lo à semântica da raiz. Tal núcleo possui minimamente o traço [+r] (relacional) e, em poucos casos, apresenta especificação direcional [+dir]. Com isso, a ideia de que esses prefixos são morfemas direcionais é desmistificada, pois essa informação interna ao verbo complexo é residual e decadente. Em geral, os prefixos se comportam como alomorfes e não há fortes evidências de associação exclusiva de um prefixo a uma determinada estrutura argumental ou classe semântica. Os sufixos são analisados como realizações de núcleos funcionais de tipo v[+voice], v[-voice] e v[+voice, -télico] e também se observa que a ocorrência sufixal em tipos de eventos não se dá de modo tão sistemático como afirma a literatura prévia. A teoria de alomorfia prospota em Embick (2010), baseada em localidade e linearidade, se mostra efetiva para analisar a escolha dos alomorfes dos vi núcleos R (relacionador), v e Th (Vogal temática). O tipo semântico da raiz influencia o tipo de verbo formado, mas pode ser manipulado a fim de sofrer coerção por um processo metonímico ou estrutural. A principal conclusão a partir dos resultados obtidos é que a morfologia verbal do português brasileiro pode revelar tendências em relação à estrutura argumental e a estrutura de eventos, mas não reflete correlações suficientemente regulares ou consistentes.The empirical object of this dissertation is a subgroup of complex verbs of Brazilian Portuguese. The dataset is composed by synchronically and compositional formations containing the prefixes a-, eN- e eS- and the suffixes -ec-, -iz-, -e- e -ej- and originally complex formations which are dubious in relation to its synchronic complexity. The corpus contains 380 verbs selected from a dictionary and organized by frequency criteria. The general descriptive goal encompasses topics on properties and behavior of affixes, roots and theme vowels and the discussion is guided by the levels of morphological, morphophonological, argument and event structure. The general theoretical goal of this dissertation is to discuss Lexical Semantics, Lexical Syntax and Distributed Morphology proposals. As empirical results, the study offers a primary classification in terms of partially and totally transparent verbs. Partially transparent verbs are treated as resulting from a historical reanalysis process compared to the well known process of disappearance of preverbs. It is assumed that there is a continuum from forms which are: 1) completely fossilized; 2) reanalyzed as simple; 3) forms in process of change; 4) completely compositional and transparent. A secondary classification refers to compositional and noncompositional formations. Non-compositional data are structurally analyzed by means of a new reading on the literature on locality restriction on the interpretation of roots and the use of the notion of root polysemy. Completely compositional and transparent verbs are empirically classified into change of state, change of location, change of abstract and concrete possession, reconfiguration and verbs of modification of v. The strongest characteristic of this subclass is the obligatory presence of an internal argument interpreted as an affected object (theme or experiencer, to a less extent) of the change denoted by the event. The investigation points out that the prefix may be considered as the phonological realization of a head with a mixed lexical functional nature, which is responsible for introducing the internal argument in the structure and relating it to the root semantics. This head has at least the feature [+r] and, in a few cases, it may present directional information [+dir]. Considering this, the assumption that these prefixes are directional morphemes is debunked since this kind of information within a complex verb is residual and decayed. In general, prefixes behave as allomorphs and there are not strong evidences of an exclusive association of a prefix and a certain kind of argument structure or semantic class. The suffixes are analyzed as realizations of three functional heads: v[+voice], v[-voice] and v[+voice, -telic] and it is observed that suffix occurrence in event type is not systematic as previous literature claims. The theory of allomorphy proposed in Embick (2010), which is based on locality and linearity, was efficient in accounting for selection of allomorphs of R, v and Th heads. Finally, semantic type shows influence on verb type but this information can be viii manipulated in order to derive structural or metonymical coercion. The main conclusion to be drawn from the results is the fact that Brazilian Portuguese verbal morphology may reveal certain tendencies in argument and event structure, but it does not reflect sufficiently regular or consistent correlations.
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Ellaty, Youhanna. "Le cas verbal : syntaxe et morphologie." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080854.
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Cette these etudie le cas verbal en arabe classique. Elle donne (i) une caracterisation formelle de la syntaxe du verbe a partir des proprietes de sa morphologie casuelle (ii) une extension de la theorie du cas qui est vue comme la manifestation d'une relation tete-complement, meme la ou le complement est un ap, un vp ou un pp. L'outil analytique utilise est la theorie de la grammaire generative sous sa forme la plus recente, celle du "programme minimaliste" de chomsky (1992). Les deux premiers chapitres analysent la morphologie de l'arabe et montrent qu'il faut engendrer les items dans la base munis de tous leurs affixes. Le deuxieme chapitre fournit egalement une theorie de la structure fonctionnelle de l'arabe. Le troisieme chapitre analyse la derivation du cas verbal dans les independantes et les subordonnees. Ce cas est necessaire pour que le verbe soit "visible" et interpretable. Le chapitre 4 est consacre a l'etude de la "visibilite" verbaleThe chief aim of this thesis is the study of verbal case in classical arabic. First, verb syntax is considered relatively to the properties of its case morphology. Second, case theory is extended as to be analysed as constraining head-complement relations regardless of the categoriel type of the complement (ap, vp, pp or np). Chomsky's (1992) "minimalist pragram" provides the conceptual framework of this study. The first two chapters analyse the morpholy of arabic and consider that consonants, vowels and affixes must form a unit at all levels of syntactic representations. Chapter two also offers a theory of the functional structure of classical arabic. In the third chapter, the derivation of verbal case is studied : first, in independant clauses, second, in subordinate clauses. Chapter four shows that verbal case is needed to make the verb visible. Visibility is taken to be positionally and semantically defined
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Macias, Barres David. "Faits de langue, problèmes d’acquisition et intervention pédagogique : le cas des temps verbaux, du choix modal et de l’opposition ser/estar en espagnol." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100171/document.
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Selon une démarche relevant autant de la linguistique formelle que de la linguistique appliquée, le présent travail vise à analyser trois « faits de langue » qui posent aux francophones des problèmes d’acquisition : 1) l’emploi des temps verbaux, 2) le choix modal et 3) l’opposition ser/estar. Nous utilisons l’appareil critique de la linguistique formelle afin d’analyser l’organisation des temps verbaux. Nous les considérons comme des déictiques et, pour leur analyse, proposons de ne pas détacher la notion d’espace de celle de temps. De plus, nous introduisons deux notions qui nous permettent d’expliquer les valeurs modales de ces déictiques : celle d’espace épistémique (siège du locuteur) et celle de centre déictique (espace depuis lequel le locuteur organise son discours). Par ailleurs, nous tentons de montrer l’influence que jouent les procédés de topicalisation (thème/rhème) sur le choix du temps et du mode verbal. Quant à l’opposition ser/estar plus spécifiquement, nous nous intéressons aux nuances aspectuelles véhiculées par ces verbes, à savoir dynamique vs statif. Ce travail de systématisation est complété par une démarche propre à la linguistique appliquée et notamment à la recherche en acquisition (RALE) et en didactique (DLE). Une étude transversale en RALE nous permet de décrire l’IL d’un groupe échantillon d’étudiants universitaires francophones de niveau B2. Nous avons également mené trois études de cas en DLE avec des étudiants universitaires de première et deuxième années de licence d’espagnol. Ces études en RALE et DLE permettent de cerner les règles qui régissent les trois faits de langue étudiés, tant en espagnol qu’en françaisUnder a multidisciplinary approach that combines linguistics, foreign language acquisition and applied linguistics, this dissertation aims to analyze three features of the Spanish language that French-speaking learners find hard to master and use effectively 1) past tenses, 2) modal choice and 3) ser vs estar. We consider tenses as deictics and, therefore, we propose not to separate them from the notions of time and space. Moreover, the existence of an epistemic space (the speaker’s situation) and a deictic centre (the space from which the speaker organizes his utterance) will enable us to explain the modal values of the tenses. Furthermore, we intend to demonstrate that the organization topic-comment influences the choice of the tense and the mood in a sentence. As for the difference between ser and estar, we focus on the aspectual nuances (dynamic versus static) that each verb carries. Our conclusions in linguistics are completed by case studies: one case study in foreign language acquisition and three case studies in applied linguistics. Through a cross-sectional study in language acquisition, we have been able to describe the interlanguage of a sample group whose subjects were French monolingual college students. We also carried three study cases in order to determine how our teaching, which was inspired by the analysis of these features, helped first and second year French college students perform better. The case studies in foreign language acquisition and applied linguistics have helped us to identify the rules that govern these features of the Spanish language
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Béligon, Stéphanie. "Le préfixe "un-" en anglais contemporain : caractérisation sémantique et référentielle des lexèmes formés. Exemple de deux parties du discours : les verbes et les adjectifs." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040139/document.
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Cette thèse porte sur le préfixe un- en anglais contemporain. Elle vise à préciser le fonctionnement du préfixe dans deux parties du discours, les verbes et les adjectifs, et à déterminer quelle est la place de ce morphème dans l’économie de la négation et de l’opposition. Nous nous interrogeons sur l’unité du morphème à travers ces deux parties du discours, dans lequel il véhicule des instructions sémantiques différentes (il forme des termes qui sont les contraires ou les contradictoires de leur base, ainsi que des verbes réversatifs, privatifs et ablatifs). Par ailleurs, nous verrons que le préfixe ne se définit pas uniquement par ses instructions sémantiques : il partage celles-ci avec d’autres préfixes (in-, non-, de- et dis-). Notre objectif sera de déterminer quels sont les autres traits définitoires du préfixe. Nous nous pencherons sur la morphologie des lexèmes formés et nous nous interrogerons sur ce qui motive les prédilections morphologiques du préfixe. Nous nous intéresserons aussi aux champs lexicaux dont relèvent les lexèmes formés par un- car ceux-ci semblent se regrouper autour de quelques axes sémantiques privilégiés. Enfin, nous comparerons un- à d’autres types de négation. Cette étude empirique, qui repose sur des données recueillies dans des ouvrages lexicographiques ainsi que sur de vastes corpus tels que le Corpus of Contemporary American English et le British National Corpus, nous permettra de théoriser une approche morphologique qui nous paraisse convenir à l’étude des affixes dérivationnels et de mettre en valeur l’importance de l’aspect sémantique des lexèmes formésThis thesis deals with the prefix un- in contemporary English. It aims to analyse how the prefix works in two word categories, verbs and adjectives, and to determine the characteristic features of the morpheme as a means to express negation and opposition. This prefix can fulfil various roles and convey different semantic instructions; it forms lexemes that are the antonyms or the contradictories of their bases, as well as reversative, privative and ablative verbs. Un- is not solely defined by its semantic instructions: it shares them with other prefixes, such as in- and non- for adjectives, and de- and dis- in the case of verbs. The goal of this thesis is therefore to identify the defining features of the prefix. The morphology of the lexemes formed is analysed: un- tends to prefix adjectives with verbal roots, whereas the morphological constraints that apply to the un-prefixation are less numerous with verbs. This thesis attempts to determine the causes of these morphological tendencies and to study the relationship between morphology and semantics. For that purpose, it deals with the lexical fields to which those lexemes belong, as they appear to cluster around a few semantic axes. Furthermore, un- is compared with the negative adverb not and with the negative reversative, privative and ablative prefixes in-, non- dis- and de-. This empirical study, relying on data collected in lexicographical works as well as on large electronic corpora such as the Corpus of Contemporary American English and the British National Corpus, tests the validity of the approach defined in the first part for the study of derivational affixes
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Padilla, Moyano Manuel. "Analyse diachronique du dialecte souletin : XVIe - XIXe siècles." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BOR30017/document.
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Considérés comme variétés marginales, les parlers basques orientaux —notamment la branche roncalo-souletine— dénotent une forte tendance archaïsante qui rend nécessaire la recherche diachronique sur ces dialectes. Le souletin est, sans aucun doute, le principal dialecte parmi les parlers orientaux disposant de témoignages écrits dans le passé. Grâce au caractère relativement précoce des témoignages et à leur continuité temporelle, le caractère prioritaire du souletin dans l’étude diachronique du basque oriental est incontestable. Cette thèse aborde donc l’histoire du dialecte souletin à travers ses textes. En d’autres termes, notre approche concerne l’histoire interne de la langue, et ne vise pas à établir son évolution en fonction des locuteurs ou des événements politiques et socio-économiques qui l’auraient influencée (histoire externe). En quête d’hypothèses solides, notre travail de description diachronique se base sur un corpus composé de plus de quarante textes qui embrasse la plupart des ouvrages imprimés entre 1657 et 1873, en plus d’une sélection représentative des témoignages de la tradition populaire. Notre recherche s’est déroulée en deux phases : 1) la constitution du corpus, qui a exigé un travail philologique profond ; et 2) le travail d’analyse d’un ensemble étendu d’éléments linguistiques concernant tous les niveaux de la langue, à l’exception du lexique. Quant à l’explication des données, nous avons eu recours aux outils habituels de la linguistique historique, et plus précisément ceux qui peuvent nous aider à dévoiler le passé d’une langue sans parent connu : a) la comparaison interne ; b) la théorie de la grammaticalisation ; et c) la typologie linguistique. A ces trois instruments d’analyse nous en avons ajouté deux autres : la connaissance des phénomènes de contact linguistique, d’une part, et la sociolinguistique historique d’autre part. L’examen des plus de cinquante traits linguistiques sélectionnés nous permet d’offrir une vision générale de l’évolution du basque souletin. Nous avons conclu que ce dialecte est dans l’essentiel une variété conservatrice qui a maintenu nombre d’archaïsmes datant du Basque Unifié Ancien (circa VIIe siècle ; cf. Mitxelena 1981), ainsi que des innovations et des choix de date ancienne partagés avec d’autres parlers orientaux. Par ailleurs, nous avons démontré que les innovations développées par le basque souletin au cours des derniers siècles s’expliquent en raison du contact intensif avec le gascon, voir, béarnaisRegarded as marginal varieties, Eastern Basque dialects —in particular the Roncalo Souletin branch— show a strong tendency to archaism, which makes diachronic research on these dialects most necessary. Souletin is undoubtedly the main dialect among the Eastern varieties of Basque with old written documents; due to their relatively early nature and temporal continuity, the centrality of Souletin in the diachronic study of the Eastern Basque is uncontroversial. This dissertation focuses on the evolution of Souletin on the basis of the diachronic analysis of a wide array of linguistic features, mostly —but not only— morphosyntactic ones. In other words, it targets the internal history of the language, and so does not aim to establish its evolution according to its speakers or the political and socio-economic events which could have influenced it (external history). In the search for solid basis/foundations, this dissertation is based on a corpus composed of more than forty texts (1616-1899), which covers the majority of the printed production, in addition to a representative sample of documents from popular tradition. We have carried out this research in two phases: 1) the definition and constitution of the corpus, which has implied exhaustive philological work; and 2) the analysis of more than fifty linguistic features. Regarding the explanation of the data, we have used the main tools of historical linguistics, and more specifically those which help us understand the past of an isolated language: a) internal comparison; b) grammaticalisation; and c) typology. Moreover, we have taken into consideration language contact phenomena and the approach of historical sociolinguistics. After having analysed the historical development of every linguistic feature under consideration, we are able to offer a complete picture of the evolution of Souletin Basque, as well as the direction of the changes that it underwent. We have shown that Souletin Basque is essentially conservative: in fact, it has maintained a number of archaisms dating from the Old Common Basque (c. 7th century; cf. Mitxelena 1981), as well as ancient innovations shared with other eastern varieties. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the main Souletine innovations of the last centuries are due to intensive contact with Gascon Occitan
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Yavari-Sartakhti, Gholam Réza. "Générateur-conjugueur de la morphologie verbale arabe." Paris 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA030078.
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Ce travail, base sur les theories linguistiques des grammairiens arabes tardifs, s'est propose de mettre au point un algorithme capable de generer de maniere automatique toute la morphologie verbale arabe a partir d'une racine donnee. L'algorithme demande a l'utilisateur de lui indiquer la base a laquelle la racine doit etre rattachee. Si la structure morphologique du verbe genere ne permet pas a l'algorithme de determiner la voyelle du verbe a l'inaccompli, celle-ci sera egalement demandeeIn this thesis, based on the linguistic theories by arab grammarians, we have developped an algorithm capable of generating all the paradigms of the verbal morphology of the written language from a verbal root, on a computer. The only human intervention consists in supplying a verbal root and indicating its base, and possibly the vowel of the verb, belonging to (cacaca) base, in the present tense if and only if the morphological structure of the generated verb does not allow the algorithm to determine its vowel automatically
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Yavari-Sartakhti, Gholam Réza. "Générateur-conjugueur de la morphologie verbale arabe." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37619181v.
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Rucart, Pierre. "Morphologie gabaritique et interface phonosyntaxique : aspects de la morphologie verbale en afar." Paris 7, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA070060.
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Ce travail est consacré à la morphophonologie du système verbal de deux langues couchitiques, principalement l'afar, et secondairement le bedja. Ces deux langues ont la particularité de posséder deux classes verbales : l'une a une flexion exclusivement suffixale, tandis que la flexion de l'autre fait appel à la fois à des préfixes et à des suffixes. La mise au jour d'une distribution du vocalisme des verbes en afar a conduit à donner une représentation des verbes à l'aide d'un unique gabarit. La mise en place d'une interface gabaritique entre phonologie et syntaxe a permis de proposer une structure hiérarchisée des domaines gabaritiques et de rendre compte des interactions entre les différentes composantes de la Grammaire. Ainsi, il a été possible de donner une analyse unifiée de la morphologie verbale pour l'ensemble des verbesThis work is dedicated to the morphophonology of verbal System in two Cushitic languages, mainly Afar, and secondarily Bedja. These two languages possess two verbal classes : one with a strictly suffixal inflection, the other with both prefixes and suffixes. The distribution of the vocalism in Afar verbs allows us to give a underlying representation of verbs with a single template. The proposition of a templatic interface between phonology and syntax gives a hierarchical structure to the templatics domains and allows one to take into account the relationships between the different components of the Grammar. Then, we are able to give a unified analysis of the verbal morphology that predicts the expected forms for all the verbs
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El, Matouni Fatima. "Diomede grammatico : fonti, tradizione manoscritta, circolazione e ricezione della sua opera. Edizione critica di una sezione del capitolo ‘De verbo’ (GL I 364-388)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUL102.pdf.
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Le présente thèse, qui constitue une première étape vers une nouvelle édition de l''Ars grammatica' de Diomède, propose le texte critique et le commentaire d'une partie du premier livre de ce manuel, correspondant à la discussion sur la formation du parfait, les verbes défectifs et certains verbes irréguliers (GL I 364, 10-388, 10). L'introduction, organisée en cinq chapitres, aborde premièrement les questions relatives à l'auteur (chapitre I) et à l'ouvrage en général, puis elle donne un aperçu de sa structure et de son contenu, en accordant une attention particulière aux caractéristiques liées à la destination de manuel, conçu pour un public hellénophone, dont le latin n'était pas la langue maternelle (chapitre II). Le troisième chapitre est consacré à la tradition manuscrite de l'Ars, avec un premier recensement des témoins qui le conservent en entier, en partie ou sous forme d'extraits, et une description des manuscrits sur lesquels la 'recensio' a été fondée. Les liens textuels entre eux sont ensuite discutés et une hypothèse de reconstruction du stemma des manuscrits est proposée. Le chapitre se termine par une étude sur l'histoire de la circulation du texte de Diomède qui présente certains moments de sa diffusion dans le Moyen Âge, ainsi que sa redécouverte à l'époque humaniste. Le quatrième chapitre de l'introduction est spécifiquement consacré à l'étude de la partie de l'œuvre dont l'édition est proposée, avec des aperçus sur les sources qui s'y trouvent et sur l'utilisation d'exemples rares présentant un très grand intérêt. Le cinquième chapitre concerne les critères de l'éditoriaux. Le texte critique, qui correspond aux pages 364-388 du volume I des 'Grammatici Latini' de Keil, est suivi d'un commentaire qui aborde des problèmes textuels et philologiques et qui, en même temps, approfondit la doctrine de Diomède sur certaines questions de morphologie verbale, en la comparant avec le reste de la littérature grammaticale de l'Antiquité tardive et du début du Moyen-ÂgeThis work, which is intended as a first step towards a new edition of Diomedes' 'Ars grammatica', offers the critical text and commentary of a portion of Book I of this manual, corresponding to the dissertation about the formation of the perfect, defective verbs and some irregular verbs (GL I 364, 10-388, 10). The introduction, organized in five chapters, offers first of all some issues concerning the author (chapter I) and his work in general, and an overview of its structure and contents, with particular attention to the characteristics related to its destination as a manual conceived for a Greek-speaking audience, for whom Latin was not the mother tongue (chapter II). The third chapter is devoted to the manuscript tradition of the 'Ars', with a census of the witnesses that preserve it in full, in part or in the form of extracts, and a description of the manuscripts on which the 'recensio' is based. The textual relationship between them is then discussed and a hypothesis of the reconstruction of the 'stemma codicum' is offered. The chapter closes with a history of the circulation of Diomedes' text that illuminates some moments of its early medieval diffusion, as well as its rediscovery in the humanistic age. The fourth chapter of the introduction is specifically dedicated to the section of the work of which the edition is offered, with insights into the sources found there and an exploration of the use of literary 'exempla', that deserve interest since they are very rare. The introduction closes with a formulation of the criteria of the critical edition. The critical text, corresponding to pages 364-388 of volume I of Keil's 'Grammatici Latini', is followed by a commentary that discusses textual and philological problems and at the same time deepens Diomedes' doctrine on certain questions of verbal morphology, comparing it with the rest of late antique and early medieval grammatical literature
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Chad, Mohammed. "Systeme verbal arabe : regime des constructions transitives." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA070036.
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Cette recherche est une analyse systematique des constructions verbales de l'arabe classique, et plus particulierement des phrases transitives simples. L'examen des points de vue des grammairiens traditionnels nous amene a reformuler quelques criteres de transitivite, et a revoir le probleme de l'ordre des mots dans ces constructions. La relation entre transitivite et intransitivite est etudiee sous l'angle des rapports morphosyntaxiques formes neutres, formes reflechies etc. Ensuite, nous etudions les caracteristiques de certains complements dont les datifs et les locatifs. Enfin, nous procedons au commentaire des classes verbales, constituees sous forme de tables ( treize tables), selon des regularites morphologiques syntaxiques, et distributionnellesThis research consists in a systematic analysis of the verbal constructions of classical arabic, in particular an analysis of simple transitive sentences. An investigation of the work of traditional grammarians has led us to reformulate certain criteria of transitivity, and re-examine the problem of word order in these constructions. The relationship between transitivity and intransitivity is studied from the viewpoint of morphosyntactic relations : middle forms, reflexive forms, etc. We then study the characteristics of certain complements, including the dative and locative. Finally, we present a commentary on the verb classes, which have been grouped into 13 tables according to their morphological, syntactical and distributional regularities
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Fradin, Bernard. "Organisation de l'information lexicale et interface morphologie/syntaxe dans le domaine verbal." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080791.
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Cette these decrit les formes d'auxiliation temporelle du francais. Elle insere cette description au sein d'un questionnement plus vaste centre autour de la representation du simple et du complexe en linguistique. La premiere partie reprend et formalise la question du mode de description. Le style ita correspond a une approche configurationnelle,alors que les styles itp et lep (lexeme et paradigme) correspondent a une approche processuelle. La deuxieme partie montre que la morphologie constitue un plan d'organisation propre,distinct de la syntaxe. Les notions d'entree lexicale,de morpheme,d'affixe,et de lexeme,sont elaborees en detail. Les phenomenes morphologiques ne peuvent etre decrits au moyen d'une morphologie morphematique classique,y compris ceux essentiellement concatenatoires. La derivation (standard ou avec troncation,allomorphie, suppletion) recoit un traitement detaille et formalise. Sont discutes egalement la parasynthese et les paradoxes de parenthesage. La troisieme partie s'ouvre sur une discussion critique des analyses des formes verbales du francais. Des arguments sont avances en faveur d'une recursion gauche de l'auxiliaire en francais. On propose une explication pour l'impossibilite des formes sursurcomposees. L'analyse des temps simples est donnee pour tous les verbes a toutes les conjugaisons. Ces formes sont la realisation de traits grammaticaux de flexionThis thesis aims at describing french verbal auxiliaries. This description is put back in a broader range of questions concerning what linguistics considers as simple and complex. One of the major topics discussed in the first part is the question of the styles of description. We show that ita corresponds to a configurational approach,while both itp and wap are coined with a processual approach. Does the morphology constitute a system of its own,with categories and rules distinguished from those of syntax? the second part answers positively to this question and argues that the classical morphemic approach is unsuited to account for describing morphological phenomena,whatever they are. A detailed and formal account of most derivational phenomena in french is given, including those with truncation,allomorphy or suppletion. A treatment is proposed of the so-called parasynthetic forms. Bracketing paradoxes are also discussed at length. The third part begins with a criticism of the most influential analyses of french auxiliaries. In the following chapters, it is argued that complex verb forms involve a left side recursion and a configurational representation. Dur analysis gives a principled explanation of why there is no form with more than two temporal auxiliaries. The various surface forms of simple verbal tenses are accounted for through the application of chained functions. The verbal terminations are not affixes but the exponence of grammatical features carried by the verb
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Mout, Tiphaine. "L'orthographe du français : usages et représentations d'adultes socio-différenciés : approche pluridiciplinaire." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENL023/document.
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L'orthographe du français : usages et représentations d'adultes socio-différenciés. Approche pluridisciplinaire.Dans une perspective linguistique, psycholinguistique, sociolinguistique et didactique, qui intègre le plan cognitif et les facteurs sociaux, ce travail de thèse porte sur l'étude de la variation orthographique dans les pratiques et les représentations de l'orthographe du français d'usagers de la langue qui, par obligation professionnelle ou scolaire, écrivent quotidiennement : des scripteurs adultes en cours d'apprentissage (élèves de lycée professionnel) et des scripteurs experts (secrétaires, DRH et futurs enseignants du secondaire).Le questionnement de cette recherche sur l'enjeu social de l'orthographe se centre plus précisément sur la manière dont les usagers de la langue écrite, en difficulté ou en relative sécurité, se construisent des savoirs orthographiques et se représentent l'orthographe ; il pourrait se formuler en ces termes : Face au système complexe de l'écriture du français, quels sont les secteurs de fragilité ou d'insécurité orthographique des scripteurs experts et des scripteurs en difficulté ? En d'autres termes, ces secteurs recouvrent-ils les zones d'instabilité du code graphique ? Quels jugements les scripteurs portent-ils sur l'orthographe et sur leurs pratiques orthographiques, ainsi que sur les propositions d'une nouvelle réforme ?Les objectifs que recouvrent ces questions sont nombreux, cette recherche essaie d'apporter des éléments de réponse sur 1/ la variation orthographique dans les écrits formels afin de déterminer les secteurs de fragilité orthographique des usagers de la langue écrite ; 2/ les patrons ou schémas intériorisés, responsables des variantes orthographiques ; 3/ l'existence d'une demande sociale ou non, de la part des « professionnels » de l'orthographe, en matière d'une réforme orthographique.Somme toute, cette recherche permet de comprendre les difficultés orthographiques d'un certain nombre d'adolescents et d'adultes dans une société où l'on produit de plus en plus d'écrits et où la compétence de lecture et d'écriture est déterminante pour l'insertion sociale et professionnelle. Les analyses tant qualitatives et quantitatives menées ont permis de dégager un profil général de chacun des publics observés au regard des données croisées de leurs compétences orthographiques et de leurs représentations.Enfin, ce travail offre, en ouverture, une réflexion renouvelée sur l'orthographe actuelle et propose des suggestions dans une perspective de formation des enseignants à la variation orthographique - informer des tendances fortes repérées, apporter des outils théoriques pour favoriser les apprentissagesUses and Representations of French Spelling in Socially Differentiated Adults.A Multidisciplinary ApproachThis thesis examines orthographic variation from a linguistic, psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic and didactic perspective, integrating both cognitive and social factors. More specifically, it focuses on this variation in the French-spelling practices and representations of language users who use the written medium daily, due to either professional or educational obligations. The users in question are adult writers in the process of learning (sixth form students at a vocational secondary school) and expert writers (secretaries, human resources managers and future secondary school teachers). This research questions the social stakes of spelling, focusing more specifically on 1/ how users of written language, whether they have difficulties or are relatively secure in their uses, build orthographical knowledge and 2/ the representations they have of spelling. The key question could be expressed in the following terms: in the face of the complex French writing system, what are the areas of fragility or orthographical insecurity among expert writers and writers with difficulties? In other words, do these areas overlap with the areas of instability that exist within the French writing system? What judgments do these writers make regarding spelling and their own orthographic practice, and regarding suggestions for a new reform of the spelling system?These questions address a number of aims and this research attempts to provide some answers concerning 1/ spelling variation in formal writing, in order to determine areas of spelling fragility among users of written language; 2/ the internalised patterns or schemas that are responsible for spelling variants; 3/ the existence of social demand for spelling reform on the part of spelling “professionals”. In sum, this study allows an understanding of the spelling difficulties faced by a certain number of adults and adolescents in a society in which more and more written texts are produced and in which competence in reading and writing is a determining factor for social and professional integration. The qualitative and quantitative analyses conducted allow a general profile of each of the groups of writers observed to be drawn up, on the basis of cross-referenced data about their orthographic competence and representations. Finally, this work opens up the perspective of renewed reflection about current spelling and puts forward suggestions for training teachers in orthographic variation i.e. informing them about the strong tendencies identified and providing theoretical tools to foster learning
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Djelaili, Rachid. "Intégration phonologique et morphologique d'emprunts à l'arabe dialectal en français, et au français en arabe dialectal dans l'ouest algérien : Le cas des substantifs et des verbes." Thesis, Cergy-Pontoise, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CERG0933.
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Dans le cadre de cette étude sur l’intégration de l’emprunt à l’arabe dialectal en français et de l’emprunt au français en arabe dialectal dans l’ouest algérien, nous avons tenté, tout au long de notre travail, de manifester notre intérêt pour l’arabe dialectal algérien, et son rapport avec la langue française.Cette étude sur l’intégration phonologique et morphologique d’emprunts porte essentiellement sur des verbes et des substantifs, divisés en trois chapitres. À chaque étape de notre analyse, nous avons cherché à mettre en évidence le fonctionnement du verbe – ou du substantif – en arabe dialectal en nous appuyant sur deux types de lexèmes : ceux qui viennent de l’arabe dialectal et ceux qui sont empruntés au françaisDans le premier chapitre, qui est composé de deux parties, nous avons essayé d’étudier, dans une première partie, les différents substantifs et verbes existant en arabe dialectal, ensuite, nous avons vu dans une deuxième partie, les adaptations au niveau phonologique et morphologique avec des exemples proposés en arabe dialectal algérien.Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous avons analysé uniquement au niveau phonologique l’adaptation des substantifs et des verbes empruntés au français en arabe dialectal à partir d’exemples tirés de notre corpus oral. Ce dernier, nous a permis de voir et d’analyser les différents discours au niveau phonologique en prenant en considération les emprunts, en l’occurrence les verbes et les substantifs, utilisés par nos interlocuteurs.Dans le troisième et dernier chapitre de cette étude, nous avons opté pour la variété de la langue française, bien représentée à l’ouest du pays dans la presse écrite d’expression française, où les items issus des variétés locales parlées en Algérie sont présents. Il s’agit du français de type algérien, observé l’adaptation morphologique d’emprunts à l’arabe dialectal dans le français dans les pratiques langagières des journalistes de la presse écrite, utilisé par un chroniqueur à partir d’exemples tirés de notre corpus écrit.Nous avons pu constater, dans le cadre de cette étude sur l’emprunt en Algérie, que ce phénomène linguistique demeure un des principaux procédés qui contribuent à l’enrichissement du français local et des discours médiatiques, plus particulièrement dans l’ouest algérienAs part of this study on the integration of French dialectal borrowing into French and the borrowing of French in dialectal Arabic in western Algeria, we have tried, throughout our work, to demonstrate our interest in Algerian dialect Arabic and its relation to the French language.This study on the phonological and morphological integration of borrowings focuses on verbs and nouns, divided into three chapters. At each stage of our analysis, we sought to highlight the functioning of the verb - or noun - in dialectal Arabic by relying on two types of lexemes: those from dialectal Arabic and those borrowed from French.In the first chapter, which is composed of two parts, we tried to study, in a first part, the different nouns and verbs existing in dialectal Arabic, then, we saw in a second part, the adaptations at the phonological level and morphological with examples offered in Algerian dialect Arabic.In the second chapter, we analyzed only at the phonological level the adaptation of nouns and verbs borrowed from French in dialectal Arabic from examples taken from our oral corpus. The latter allowed us to see and analyze the different speeches at the phonological level by taking into account the borrowing, in this case the verbs and nouns used by our interlocutors.In the third and last chapter of this study, we opted for the variety of the French language, well represented in the west of the country in the French-language print media, where items from local varieties spoken in Algeria are present. This is the Algerian-French kind of language, observed the morphological adaptation of borrowing to dialectal Arabic in French in the language practices of the journalists of the written press, used by a chronicler from examples taken from our written corpus.We have seen in this study, which this linguistic integration of borrowings in Algeria remains one of the main processes that contribute to the enrichment of local French and media discourses, especially in western Algeria
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Kersten, Kristin. "Verbal inflections in L2 child narratives a study of lexical aspect and grounding." Trier WVT, Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2009. http://www.wvttrier.de.
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Some, Zomoménibé. "Esquisse du système verbal du dagara wule : syntaxe syntagmatique, morphologie et sémio-syntaxe." Toulouse 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991TOU20041.
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Le present travail est une description du systeme verbal du parler wule du dagara( region de diebougou, burkina faso); le dagara est une langue voltaique du sous-groupe occidental des langues oti-volta. Morpho-syntaxe: l'analyse fonctionnaliste a permis de degager les structures predicatives, les termes necessaires au nexus et ses expansions: structure predicative verbale nominale, classe fonction, constituant syntagme, lexeme morpheme. Les problemes de focalisation, de thematisation ont ete abordes; on a decrit egalement les questions relatives a la syntagmatique, l'asyndete, la syndese. Systeme-verbal: les contours du constituants verbal ont ete definis. Le constituant verbal s'insere dans une structure discursive en s'entourant des affaires nexiques. Pour le traitement des bases et des morphemes, on s'est onspire de la phonologie non-lineaire. La description de l'aspect, de l'assertion et du temps a tenu compte des parametres d'enonciation: sujet enonciateur, le moment d'enonciation et la situation d'enonciation. Semio-syntaxe: la morpho-syntaxe a degage les classes et les fonctions. La semio-syntaxe a mis a jour les types de predication: la predication attributive (identite, localisation, reconnnaissance, exitence) et la predication relationnelle( predicats verbaux et nominaux). On a fait un essai typologique des proces (discret, dense, compact) du parler wuleThe present research work is a description of the verb system of the wule dialect of dagara (region of diebougou, burkina faso), dagara is a voltaic language of the western sub-group of the oti-volta languages. Morphosyntax : the functionlist analysis has enabled us to isolate the preg dicative structure, the terms which are necessary to the nexus and its expansions: verbal nominal predicative structure, class function, constituent syntagm, morpheme lexeme. We have touched upon the problem of focalization , of thematization, and also described the questions related to syntagmatics, asyndeton synthesis. Verb sytem: the contours of the verbal constituent have been defined. The verbal constitutent enters a discursive structure, surrounding itself with nexic affixes. Toitreat the roots and the morphemes, we have been inspired by non-lineal phonology. The description of the problems of aspect, of assertion and of tense has taken into account utterance parameters: the subject-utterer, the time of utterance, and the situation of utterance. Semiosyntax: morphosyntax has enabled us to extract classes and function, semiosyntax has brought to light the types of predication : attributive (identity, localisation, recognition, existence) and relational predication (verbal and nominal predicates). We have carried out a typological test of
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Pantcheva, Daniéla. "Etude linguistique d'"Ysaye Le Triste" : morphologie nominale et verbale." Bordeaux 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR30061.
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Le roman d'"Ysay͏̈e le Triste" est une oeuvre imposante du moyen âge tardif qui nous parvient grâce à l'édition d'André Giacchetti aux Presses universitaires de Rouen. Sa description systématique se propose d'une part de compléter utilement la documentation sur la prose littéraire, d'autre part de faciliter l'accès au texte. L'ampleur du matériau à traiter et le désir d'exhaustévité a nécessité l'élaboration d'une concordance KWIC aprés collationnement avec le manuscrit de base (ms 2524 de Darmstadt). L'oeuvre est d'un grand intérêt linguistique : la langue trés dialectilisée du nord du domaine picard témoigne de la compréhension interdialectale ; la morphologie et la syntaxe, trés régulatrices, penchent vers un usage médiéval en voie de déclin et pourraient fournir à elles seules tout le corpus d'une grammaire de la langue ancienne ; le lexique et la phraséologie, également trés conservateurs, pourraient enrichir des études de vocabulaire et renseigner sur l'évolution de l'usageThe romance of "Ysay͏̈e le Trist" is a voluminous novel from the late Middle ages edited by André Giacchetti (Publications de l'Université de Rouen N° 142). Its systematic linguistic description gives the reader the possibility to acess the text with greater ease and to complete usefully the documentation of the litterary prose. The size of the material to be treated and the desire of exhaustiveness required the creation of a KWIX concordance after having collected the text with the basic manuscript (ms 2524 Darmstadt). Phonetic and lexical observations are scattered throughout the whole thesis. Sub-systems are studied in their reciprocal relationships
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Matsumoto, Asuka. "Typologie des constructions verbales à prédicat complexe : composition verbale en japonais et préverbation en polonais." Doctoral thesis, Paris 4, 2016. https://depotuw.ceon.pl/handle/item/1713.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse vise à traiter les verbes composés en japonais et les verbes préverbés en polonais comme faisant partie des constructions verbales à prédicat complexe. D'abord, la notion de la formation des mots et, par conséquent, la notion de "mot", sont examinées par les analyses entre les mots (ortho)graphiques et prosodiques ; le problème d'espace entre les mots et différents systèmes d'accentuation sont pris en compte. D'une part, l'analyse des verbes composés japonais remonte jusqu'aux deux premières grammaires au XVIIe siècle, celle de Rodriguez et de Collado, dont la première propose la dichotomie entre les verbes composés à "mode de l'action" et à "particule". Ensuite suivent les analyses des verbes composés contemporains, avec un accent particulier sur un certain nombre de couples de verbes transitifs et intransitifs en second élément du composé. D'autre part, la typologie des constructions préverbales de la langue polonaise est examinée. Enfin, à travers la comparaison multilingue du Petit prince de Saint-Exupéry entre l'original et deux traductions japonaises et deux polonaises, une typologie des constructions verbales à prédicat complexe est proposée, ce qui fait écho au choix de notre langue de rédaction, le français servant de pivot, afin d'examiner diverses constructions verbales de nos langues de comparaison, le japonais et le polonais : composition verbale et construction converbale pour le premier et préverbation et construction infinitivale à semi-auxiliaire pour le second.This thesis seeks to analyse Japanese compound verbs and Polish prefixed verbs as a part of complex predicate verbal ocnstuctions. First, the notion of word-formation and consequently that of word are examined by analyses between (ortho)graphic and prosodical words, which include problems of word space and several accentual systems. Next, this analysis of compound verbs goes back to 17th century with the first two Japanese grammars by Rodriguez and Collado, respectively, where the former proposes a dichotomy between "manner of action" and "particle" verbal compounds. Then follows an analysis of contemporary Japanese compound verbs, with particular emphasis on some pairs of transitive and intransitive verbs in the second element of compound. Contrastingly, a typology of verbal prefix constructions in Polish is considered and reviewed. Finally, through a multilingual comparison of The Little Prince, by Saint-Exupéry, using two translations in each of Japanese and Polish, a typology of complex predicate verbal constructions is put forward which corresponds with the language, French, in which this thesis is written and which serves as a pivot for the examination of various verbal constuctions of the languages for comparison, Japanese and Polish: verb compounding and converbal construction for the former, verbal prefixation and infinitival auxiliary construction for the latter