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Journal articles on the topic 'Verbal prefixation'
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1
Iacobini, Claudio. "“Rapiéçages faits avec sa propre étoffe”: Discontinuity and convergence in Romance prefixation." Word Structure 12, no. 2 (July 2019): 176–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2019.0145.
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This article provides a comprehensive overview of prefixation in Romance languages putting in relation the differences between standard and non-standard varieties in the current synchronic stage and, from a diachronic perspective, the different productivity of verbal prefixation and nominal and adjectival prefixation over the history of Romance languages. The article also deals with the relations between system-internal factors, such as the delimitation and interaction between native and foreign word-formation, as well as the competition between verbal prefixation and other linguistic resources through which spatial information can be expressed. The focus will also be placed on system-external factors, including the diffusion in common language of learned terms which have contributed to revitalizing nominal and adjectival prefixation, although not verbal prefixation. Such an approach makes it possible to account for the higher productivity in current standard Romance languages of nominal and adjectival prefixation compared with verbal prefixation. Furthermore, it provides an explanation for the differences between standard and non-standard Romance languages with regard to the productivity of nominal and adjectival prefixation. The replacement of spatial verbal prefixes with verbs expressing path in the root is interpreted as the result of a more general restructuring of space encoding.
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Hlaváčová, Jaroslava, and Anna Nedoluzhko. "Productive verb prefixation patterns." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 101, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pralin-2014-0007.
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Abstract The paper discusses a set of verbal prefixes which, when added to a verb together with a reflexive morpheme, change the verb’s meaning always in the same manner. The prefixes form a sequence according to the degree of intensity with which they modify the verbal action. We present the process of verb intensification in three Slavic languages, namely Czech, Slovak and Russian.
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Kiefer, Ferenc, and László Honti. "Verbal 'prefixation' in the Uralic languages." Acta Linguistica Hungarica 50, no. 1-2 (May 2003): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aling.50.2003.1-2.8.
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Udier, Sanda Lucija, and Darko Matovac. "In Which Order should Verbal Prefixation in Croatian as L2 be Taught?" Journal for Foreign Languages 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 173–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.9.173-189.
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Teaching verbal prefixation in the context of Croatian as a second language (CL2) has been receiving an increasing amount of attention recently, and one of the questions which has come up has to do with the order in which verbal prefixation should be taught for the teaching to be more effective. To answer this question, this research, conducted among CL2 learners at the B2 and C1 levels of language proficiency, tests the hypothesis that an understanding of the meaning of a verbal prefix is strongly supported by understanding the meaning of its cognate preposition and directly related to whether a verbal prefix co-occurs with its cognate preposition when a prefixed verb is used in a sentence. Based on the research results conclusions were drawn on the order in which the teaching of verbal prefixation in the CL2 classroom should progress.
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Wee, Lionel. "Verbal Prefixation in Malay: Reconfiguring Paradigmatic Relations." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 21, no. 1 (June 25, 1995): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v21i1.1427.
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Proceedings of the Twenty-First Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society: General Session and Parasession on Historical Issues in Sociolinguistics/Social Issues in Historical Linguistics (1995)
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Behrens, Heike. "Verbal prefixation in German child and adult language." Acta Linguistica Hungarica 50, no. 1-2 (May 2003): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aling.50.2003.1-2.4.
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Nefedova, Elena A. "On the Specifics of Verbal Prefixation in Modern Russian Dialects." Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka 80, no. 4 (2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s241377150016298-0.
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The article focuses on the functioning of two-prefixed verbs, in which the second prefix element is the prefix za- (for-). The productivity of secondary verb prefixation in the dialects of the Arkhangelsk region is confirmed, word-forming models are identified, the effect of which leads to a complication of the ways of forming perfect verbs, to the appearance of synonymous pairs of perfect verbs (cover and cover), as well as to the formation of synonymous specific pairs of verbs (cover – cover and cover – cover). The factors contributing to the productivity of verbal prefixation are determined, and its connection with the communicative features of dialect speech is established.
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Mroczyńska, Katarzyna. "Verbal prefixation and realizations of antipassive alternations in Polish." Linguistics Beyond and Within (LingBaW) 3 (December 30, 2017): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/lingbaw.5657.
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Various works on transitivity suggest that aspectual notions may constitute semantic determinants of argument realization. Observations included in these works prompted theories implying that argument realization may be aspectually driven. Following this line of thought, this article presents the results of corpus-based studies on antipassive structure in the Polish language and makes an attempt at confirming the fact that aspectual notion may determine argument realization.
The article consists of three main sections. The first one focuses on notions of aspect and various aspectual propositions distinguished in the literature on the subject, regarding the Polish language in particular. The second section, illustrated with examples extracted from the National Corpus of Polish (NKJP) and the corpus of Wielki Słownik Języka Polskiego (KWSJP), gives an overview of Polish perfectivizing verbal prefixes, i.e. a roz‑, na-, o-/ob- and u-prefix, and deals with the effect they may have on sentence structure and semantics. It also shows how the prefixed verbs combine with the marker się, which flags antipassive, i.e. is a recurring marker attested in antipassive constructions in the Polish language. In section three, an attempt is made at analyzing the interrelations between aspect and antipassive reading of a structure. As it seems that a perfective prefix used with a verb imposes certain requirements on the argument structure of the verb it combines with, we also offer a possible explanation to different aspectual requirements of verbs occurring in antipassive structures, assuming that projections coded in a verb may play a role here.
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Sokolova, Svetlana. "Verbal Prefixation and Metaphor: How Does Metaphor Interact with Constructions?" Journal of Slavic Linguistics 21, no. 1 (2013): 171–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jsl.2013.0001.
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Nikolina, N. A. "Tendencies in modern verbal derivation." Russian language at school 82, no. 5 (September 18, 2021): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.30515/0131-6141-2021-82-5-80-85.
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The article examines various types of verbal neologisms functioning in modern Russian speech. The aim of the research is to reveal the tendencies of verbal derivation at the turn and at the beginning of the 21st century. It is noted that verb vocabulary is regularly enriched by neologisms of different structural types despite the fact that this part of speech is less open to neologization. It has been demonstrated that suffixation, prefixation, and postfixation (grammatical suffixation) are the most productive processes of derivation. The following tendences of modern verbal derivation have been revealed: intensive formation of new verbs via borrowing from foreign languages; expansion of denominative derivation of verbs; an increase in the number of reflexive verbs expressing various aspects of subject-object relations. It is concluded that verbal neologisms are consistently used not only in media language, but also in the language of modern fiction where they enhance its expressiveness and imagery.
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Siagian, Denny Irjanto. "SUCCESSIVE CYCLIC MOVEMENT IN STANDARD INDONESIAN’S VERBAL PREFIXES." Melanesia : Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Bahasa dan Sastra 2, no. 1 (April 28, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.30862/jm.v2i1.781.
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<p>Standard Indonesian has several unique word formations, such as affixation. Some studies discuss about this patterning, like Sato in 2010, who came up with the prefixation <em>meN-</em>, nonetheless, the analysis is not quite precise, where the actual form of the prefix is <em>me</em>-, which then experience automatic phonological process by the surrounding sound(s), and subsequently the base form <em>me</em>- will then be conjugated in order to match to the root. Additionally, this paper would also reveal the genuine form of the other prefixes in Standard Indonesian, including any possible phonological changes according to the sounds circumstance. Moreover, the discussion will be extended under the principles of syntax-morphology parameter, exactly in the phenomenon of successive cyclicity, which particularly involves <em>wh </em>and <em>NP </em>movement.</p>
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AKULOV, Alexander. "Prefixation Ability Index and Verbal Grammar Correlation Index prove the reality of Buyeo group." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.6.1.81-97.
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All suggestions about reality of Buyeo group were based on the representation of a language as a heap of lexemes: such method allows different scholars to make different conclusions and doesn't suppose verification. Language is first of all structure/grammar, but not a heap of lexemes, so methods of comparative linguistics should be based on comparison of grammars. Prefixation Ability Index (PAI) and Verbal Grammar Correlation Index (VGCI) are typology based tools of comparative linguistics. PAI allows us to see whether languages are potentially related: if values of PAI differ more than fourfold, it's a sign of unrelatedness, if PAI values differ less than fourfold, there is a possibility for some further search to find proves of relatedness. VGCI completely answers questions about relatedness/unrelatedness: if VGCI value is 0.4 and more then languages are related, if VGCI is 0.3 and less then languages are unrelated. PAI of Japanese is 0.13, PAI of Korean is 0.13; it means they can be related. VGCI of Japanese and Korean is 0.57, it's almost the same as VGCI of English and Afrikaans that is 0.56, so it means that Japanese and Korean belong to the same group, but not just to the same family.
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Kozkenova, Aimgul, and Ekaterina Rakhilina. "Russian Written Speech of Kazakh Students in the Reflection of Russian Learner Corpus: Verbal Prefixation." Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski 10, no. 1 (September 21, 2019): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pw.4533.
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The article describes Russian Learner Corpus as a tool for the study of Russian of bilingual Kazakh students through the example of their written texts. The article is focused on the markers of inceptivity and verbal prefixation patterns in these texts. It examines the deviations from Standard Russian, caused by the influence of Kazakh, as well as by some other strategies of linguistic behavior of Kazakh-Russian bilinguals. The main mismatch between Russian and Kazakh is due to the fact that Kazakh (like other Turkic languages) lacks prefixal verbs, so that the semantic impact of the Russian prefixes is transferred to other means and is expressed with the help of different strategies – mainly, by periphrastic biverbal constructions. On another level, corpus data analysis can specify the semantic differences between similar aspectual units in Russian viewed through linguistic patterns used by Kazakh bilingual speakers.
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Sadchenko, V. T. "Verbs with Prefix po- in Russian Dialects of Amur Region." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 2 (March 19, 2022): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-2-77-93.
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The prefix verbal lexicon is analyzed on the basis of the dialect material of the Russian dialects of the Amur region. The relevance and novelty of the work are due to both the general unresolved problem of describing the meanings of Russian verbal prefixes, and insufficient knowledge of the specifics of verbal word formation in dialects. Verbal derivatives with the prefix po- are considered. The linguistic processes accompanying the formation of these derivatives are characterized. A classification of word-formation types and patterns is proposed based on the material presented in the Dictionary of Russian Dialects of the Amur Region, their distinctive features are noted in comparison with their literary counterparts. Attention is drawn to the phenomena of polyprefixation and substitution, in which the prefix po- is involved. It is concluded that the group of Russian dialects of the Amur region is characterized by agglutination with the prepositive prefix po-. Addressing the problems of verbal prefixation in dialects of secondary formation, localized on a vast territory of late settlement, can contribute to a wider involvement of dialect material to illustrate the controversial provisions of prefixology in modern Russian, as well as to identify the features of the verbal derivation of the Russian language in the aspect of its regional existence.
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Nedelcheva, Svetlana, and Ljiljana Šarić. "The semantic profile of the verbal prefix do- in Bulgarian and Croatian." Slovene 10, no. 2 (2021): 252–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2021.10.2.10.
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This is a comparative study of the verbal prefix do- in two South Slavic languages, Bulgarian (Blg.) and Croatian (Cro.). Although these two languages show many similarities in the meaning of the verb stems and prefixation patterns, there are some unusual differences that may confuse foreign learners of Slavic, who expect identical or similar base verbs to combine with the same prefixes. The cognitive linguistics framework allows us to approach these differences systematically. We apply it to two databases of Blg. and Cro. prefixed verbs developed for the purposes of this research and extracted from reference books, dictionaries, and online corpora. We systematise do- verbs in a semantic network and account for both the overlapping meaning categories and the differences between the two languages studied, taking into consideration prefixes semantically similar to do- that combine with the same base verbs to form near-synonyms of do- verbs. We point to prefix variation as ensuing from different perspectives on the same event.
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Vogt, Barbara. "Evidence for the Relevance of Secondary Stress in German: Prosodic Restrictions in Verbal Prefixation with ver-." Studies in Polish Linguistics, Special Issue 1 (2019): 153–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23005920spl.19.010.10990.
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Mikhaylova, Anna. "Aspectual Knowledge of High Proficiency L2 and Heritage Speakers of Russian." Heritage Language Journal 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2012): 187–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.46538/hlj.9.2.4.
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This study reports the results of an interpretation task that captures whether high proficiency heritage language (HL) learners of Russian converge with monolingual (L1) speakers or proficiency-matched foreign language (L2) learners in their interpretation of aspectual pairs and whether the absence of convergence arises in the lexical component of aspect (telicity) or in the grammatical component of aspect (boundedness). In Russian, both aspectual features are overtly marked on the verb, but by different morphemes: telicity is encoded in prefixes and boundedness in suffixes. The goal of the task is to test: 1) whether HL learners have an advantage over L2 learners on the same overall proficiency level when they interpret aspectual pairs, 2) which type of aspectual contrast poses greater difficulty, and 3) what role the morphological structure of predicates plays in incomplete acquirers’ interpretation of verbal aspect. The results reveal that, while the L2 group and the monolingual controls diverge significantly in most contrasts, the HL group converges with both L1 and L2 groups. For both test groups, telicity contrasts in activity/accomplishment verbs, which are expressed via prefixation, and boundedness contrasts in achievement verbs, which are expressed via suffixation, presented less difficulty than boundedness contrasts in accomplishment verbs, expressed via both prefixation and suffixation.
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Markova, Angelina. "On the nature of Bulgarian prefixes: Ordering and modification in multiple prefixation." Word Structure 4, no. 2 (October 2011): 244–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/word.2011.0013.
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The paper deals with multiple prefixation in Bulgarian and the linearization of the Bulgarian verbal prefixes. Following the basic intuition behind Baker's (1985) ‘Mirror Principle’, according to which syntax reflects morphology and vice versa, I propose that the linearization of the Bulgarian prefixes is syntactically driven. More precisely, and in order to describe the principles according to which prefixes are merged in syntax, I defend the existence of a universal hierarchy of functional projections, as in Cinque (1999) , according to which affixes are merged in order to check their features. Consequently, whenever a prefix bears some aspectual (Aktionsart) content, it is merged within this hierarchy of aspectual features as a head of the corresponding functional projection. In this way, the attested prefix orderings are correctly accounted for. With these assumptions in mind, I present syntactic, semantic and morphological evidence for establishing three types of prefixes in Bulgarian: lexical (idiosyncratic), inner (argument-structure related) and outer (adverbial), and show that the surface order is always [outer [inner [lexical]]]. Moreover, I show that the different syntactic derivations of these prefixes are responsible for the observed semantic and morphological differences together with the linearization patterns and hierarchical dependencies attested within the three prefix groups.
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Tatevosov, Sergei. "O. Kagan. Scalarity in the verbal domain: The case of verbal prefixation in Russian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015. 278 p. ISBN 9781107092624." Вопросы языкознания, no. 2 (April 2018): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0373658x0003723-4.
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Fista, Eva, Tita Kyriacopoulou, Claude Martineau, and Rania Voskaki. "Les verbes préfixés en grec moderne." Actes du «27e colloque international sur le lexique et la grammaire» (L'Aquila, 10-13 septembre 2008). Première partie 32, no. 2 (December 15, 2009): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.2.02fis.
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In the present article we are studying the relation between the prefix sun- and the simple verbal basis of the Greek lexicon-grammar in order to find the regularities pertaining to the behavior of the prefix sun-, which will contribute to the semi-automatic enrichment of the electronic dictionary DELAGR. A series of observations on the syntactic structures containing these verbs reveal the fact that prefixation has to be considered in terms of predicative relations and arguments. The article is divided in three parts: 1. presentation of some particularities; 2. description of the inflection of prefixed verbs 3. presentation of data and restraints. In conclusion we are providing some statistic elements concerning the formation of prefixed verbs with sun-.
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Kilpatrick, Eileen, and Leoma Gilley. "The importance of word order in explaining tone patterns in Avokaya verbs." Studies in African Linguistics 33, no. 2 (June 15, 2004): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v33i2.107336.
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This paper presents a set of ordered rules accounting for tone changes that occur in Avokaya verbs. The most prevalent shape for Avokaya verbs is monosyllabic. Disyllabic verbs roots behave the same way as disyllabic verbs which are composed of a derivational prefix plus a monosyllabic verb root. The derivational prefixation process is the same for verbs in all grammatical constructions. Verbs in SVO constructions and SOV constructions are treated separately, since different rules apply for these two sets of constructions. Avokaya syllables may carry a high, mid, low or rising tone, but not a falling tone. In this analysis of Avokaya, we show that the expected HL tone pattern has merged to form a M tone in the verbal system.
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Vea Escarza, Raquel. "The recursive formation of Old English non-verbal categories. Productivity and constraints." Journal of English Studies 13 (December 15, 2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.18172/jes.2860.
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This paper aims at analysing the recursivity in the formation of non-verbal categories, more specifically, of nouns and adjectives in old English. Pounder’s (2000) model, known as Process and Paradigm Model, provides the formal representation of recursive operations. The data of analysis consist of a total of 388 recursive nouns and adjectives, 11 of which undergo a two-level recursivity, or slot-II recursivity. Both in the case of nouns and adjectives, suffixation has a clearly preeminent role over prefixation. As for nouns, the suffix -nes is the most frequent one in number of tokens, whereas -∂ is the one that combines with a greater number of suffixes in prefinal position. Regarding adjectives, -lic is by far the suffix present in a higher number of predicates, and also the one that undergoes a wider variety of different recursive patterns, what evinces that there is correlation between a high type frequency and the assignment of a high number of different recursive patterns. Positional constraints affect -nes and -lic, since none of them can occur in a position other than final. A semantic interpretation of recursive suffixation leads to assign a semantic effect of this phenomenon when it applies to nouns, and a pragmatic one in the case of adjectives.
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Jekl, Ágnes. "I prefissi verbali dal latino classico all'italiano: problemi di classificazione su base etimologica Il prefisso ad-." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.33.
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Summary:I examine verbal prefixation analyzing the functional changes of the Latin ad- prefix from Classical Latin to Italian. In order to conduct the research properly I needed to separate the verbs in ety- mological groups directly derived from Latin (Classical, Vulgar or Late Latin) from the verbs created in the Romance period and the Latin loan verbs. The different origin of the verbs influences our expectation regarding the analyzability of a given verb (the recognisability of the prefix as an independent element and its semantic value - which can be different from that of its Latin origin). This division is not as clear cut as it seems to be, because, in the case of the Italian, phonetic evidence in favour of one group or another is often missing. I present the possible solutions I found for the grouping problems using semantic evidence, comparison with the other Romance languages, dating of the given verb, etc. Furthermore, I highlight the general and specific factors which determine the assignment of a certain verb to a certain group in order to obtain a precise but still flexible set of verbal categories.
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Gibert-Sotelo, Elisabeth. "Deriving ablative, privative, and reversative meanings in Catalan and Spanish." Borealis – An International Journal of Hispanic Linguistics 7, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 161–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/1.7.2.4565.
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The most productive way to encode ablative, privative, and reversative meanings in current Catalan and Spanish is by means of des- prefixation. This paper investigates how these related values are obtained both from a structural and from a conceptual perspective. To analyze the structural behaviour of these predicates, a new neo-constructionist model is adopted: Nanosyntax, according to which lexical items are syntactic constructs. As for the conceptual content associated to these verbs, it is accounted for by means of a non-canonical approach to the Generative Lexicon Theory developed by Pustejovsky (1995 ff.).The core proposal is that des- prefixed verbs with an ablative, a privative, or a reversative meaning share the same syntactic structure, and that the different interpretation of each semantic class emerges as a consequence of the interactions generated, at a conceptual level, between the Qualia Structure of the verbal root and that of the internal argument of the verb.
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Mare, María. "Issues on word formation. The case of Latin circum." Linguistic Review 35, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 121–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2017-0019.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the characteristics of circum’s prefixation in Latin taking into account the properties of this item in different syntactic contexts and its combination with transitive and intransitive base verbs. The analysis follows a non-lexicalist framework −Distributed Morphology (Halle, Morris & Alec Marantz. 1993. Distributed morphology and the pieces of inflection. In K. Hale & S. Keyser (eds.), The view from building 20, 111–176. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), specifically Acedo-Matellán’s (Acedo-Matellán, Víctor. 2016. The morphosyntax of transitions. A case study in Latin and other languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press) approach−, which is particularly relevant to relate the prefix to its homophonic preposition and adverb. Thus, we assume that this prefix is a Root related to Place in the main structure, not a preposition or an adverb incorporated to a verbal configuration. In fact, we argue that the distinction among the prefix, the preposition and the adverb derives from the merger of the same Root √CIRCUM in different structures. Along this discussion, it is shown that circum’s prefixation has different consequences for the argument structure depending on the location of √CIRCUM in the structure: when it adds the nuance of manner, its presence does not trigger the addition of new arguments; nevertheless, when it is interpreted with reference to final location, unexpected accusative objects frequently appear with the prefixed verb. We argue that these unexpected objects do not end up showing accusative case because of circum’s case assignment, but because of the DP position in the main structure. For that reason, the DPs involved in the structure of the prefixed verb behave like any other argumental DP and they are subject to the same syntactic operations (ellipsis, demotion, and so on).
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Schmiedtová, Barbara. "use of aspect in Czech L2." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 29 (January 1, 2003): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.29.2003.175.
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The focus of the present paper is on the difference between English and German learners‘ use of perfectivity and imperfectivity. The latter is expressed by means of suffixation (suffix -va-). In contrast, perfectivity is encoded either by suffixation (-nou-) or by prefixation (twenty different prefixes that mostly modify not only aspectual but also lexical properties of the verb).
In the native Czech data set, there is no significant difference between the number of imperfectively and perfectively marked verb forms. In the English data, imperfectively and perfectively marked verb forms are equally represented as well. However, German learners use significantly more perfective forms than English learners and Czech natives. When encoding perfectivity in Czech, German learners prefer to use prefixes to suffixes. Overall, English learners in comparison to German learners encode more perfectives by means of suffixation than prefixation.
These results suggest that German learners of Czech focus on prefixes expressing aspectual and lexical modification of the verb, while English learners rather pay attention to the aspectual opposition between perfective and imperfective. In a more abstract way, the German learner group focuses on the operations carried out on the left side from the verb stem while the English learner group concentrates on the operations performed on the right side qfrom the verb stem.
This sensitivity can be to certain degree motivated by the linguistic devices of the corresponding source languages: English learners of Czech use imperfectives mainly because English has marked fully grammatical form for the expression of imperfective aspect – the progressive -ing form. German learners, on the other hand, pay in Czech more attention to the prefixes, which like in German modify the lexical meaning of the verb. In this manner, Czech prefixes used for perfectivization function similar to the German verbal prefixes (such as ab-, ver-) modifying Aktionsart.
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MOLINEAUX, BENJAMIN J. "Prosodically conditioned morphological change: preservation vs loss in Early English prefixes." English Language and Linguistics 16, no. 3 (October 22, 2012): 427–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674312000184.
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This article explores the motivations behind the loss of a number of Germanic prefixes in the history of English. Using Old and Middle English translations of Boethius’ de Consolatione Philosophiae as a corpus, it is shown that prefix loss is not specific to a single word category, nor to the presence of morphosyntactic characteristics such as prefix separability. This state of affairs cannot be explained by current theories of prefix loss, which are generally restricted to inseparable verbal prefixes. The fact that some prefixes are lost and some are preserved, also argues against an across-the-board grammaticalisation account, based mostly on semantic factors. It is held here that a closer look at the prosodic structure of native prefixes can provide a principled explanation for the entirety of our data. To this effect, the optimisation of a resolved moraic trochee (Dresher & Lahiri, 1991) amid significant restructuring of the language's lexicon had crucial impact on the fate of prefixed words. In particular, Early Middle English would have come to prefer maximal, branching feet, and avoid words with prefixes constituting heavy, non-branching feet. Ultimately, the preservation of prosodic structure led to the loss of heavy monosyllabic prefixes due to stress clash between prefix and root. Light monosyllabic and bisyllabic prefixes, in contrast, were preserved, since no clash occurred. This argument explains the changes in prefixation from a purely prosodic standpoint, hence accounting for the data for both verbal and nominal prefixes, which were heretofore dealt with separately.
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Akimova, Elvira, and Tatiana Mochalova. "Deverbatives in Russian Dialects Spoken on the Territory of Mordovia." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (August 2020): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.3.2.
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The article deals with deverbatives (names of actions) represented in Russian dialects spoken on the territory of the Republic of Mordovia. The research aim is to describe semantic peculiarities and uniqueness of the word formation and morphemic structure of the nouns belonging to this class. Deverbatives are considered as syncretic unities that are built by merging the grammatical features of both a verb and a noun, typical of the Russian language. The deverbative origin results in preserving the semantics of an abstract action; according to their semantic structure, they can be divided into two main groups: the actions performed by human beings and the ones without their participation. The latter are animals' and birds' motions, natural phenomena, stages in a process or time intervals. It is noted that some language units are subjected to specialization of lexical meaning, processual semantics loss sand are used to nominate an object, place or time of action. Deverbatives have been characterized as demonstrating underdeveloped system of paradigmatic relations. They are derived of national and dialectal verbal stems in full accordance with the general Russian word formation rules and models, including the most productive morphological pattern with its suffixal and zero affixation variants, and the least productive ones, as prefixation-suffixation and complex suffixation. Since deverbatives are closely connected with intellectual human activity, worldview and reality awareness, they constitute unique fragments of dialectal mentality.
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S.Volskaya, Anastasia, Olga A. Chupryakova, Svetlana S. Safonova, and Gulnaz T. Karipzhanova. "Semantico-Functional Features of Expressive Derivatives in the Artistic Discourse of V. Makanin." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.36 (December 9, 2018): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.36.24936.
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The paper is devoted to the study of semantic and functional features of expressive derivatives, both usual and occasional, in the artistic gist of the novel “Asan” by V. Makanin, as well as their role in structuring the individual-author’s linguistic picture of the world. It has been proven that the derivation of expressive lexemes is the result of improvisation according to established patterns, and that the formation of occasional substantives, adjectives and verbs involved the main methods of the Russian word derivation. It is noted that in the artistic discourse of V. Makanin, in the substantive word-formation, suffixation plays a leading role, which takes place in the sphere of abstractness and includes such lexical-semantic groups as expressive substantives with the meaning of a person, expressive substantives with the meaning of abstracted action or an abstract feature with connotation, as a rule, negative and/or reduced colloquial connotation. While in the sphere of adjectival and verbal word formation, confixation and prefixation, as the formation of expressiveness, is most productive. The paper considers the phenomenon of semantic word formation, describes the formation of semantic derivatives, including in the field of occasional vocabulary. Expressive derivatives in the artistic discourse of V. Makanin are a bright sign of his individual style, an important means of expressing the world view and outlook of the writer.
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Nugraha, Indra. "PREFIKSASI VERBA AKTIF BAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASA JAWA." JURNAL PESONA 6, no. 1 (March 11, 2021): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52657/jp.v6i1.1354.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeskripsikan proses pembentukan verba aktif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan proses pembentukan verba aktif dalam bahasa Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana verba aktif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jawa melalui kajian analisis kontrastif. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif yang bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan teknik catat dengan data yang bersumber dari kamus bahasa Indonesia dan kamusbahasa Jawa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bahasa Indonesia memiliki sedikit prefiksasi pembentuk verba aktif daripada bahasa Jawa. Dalam bahasa Indonesia terdapat dua prefiks, sedangkan dalam bahasa Jawa terdapat empat prefiks.Kata Kunci: Prefiksasi, Verba Aktif, Kontrastif, Bahasa Indonesia, Bahasa Jawa. AbstractThis research was conducted to describe the process of forming active verbs in Indonesian and the process of forming active verbs in Javanese. This study aims to determine how active verbs in Indonesian and Javanese through contrastive analysis studies. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative method. The data collection technique is using note taking technique with data sourced from Indonesian dictionary and Javanese language dictionary. The results showed that Indonesian had fewer active verb-forming prefixes than Javanese. In Indonesian there are two prefixes, while in Javanese there are four.Keywords: Prefixation, Active Verbs, Contrastive, Indonesian, Javanese
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GOLOB, Nina. "Foreword." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 6, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.6.1.5-6.
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Just before summer, when the air around university is filled with students' adrenalin due to numerous tests, we are pleased to announce our summer ALA issue. It was compiled bearing in mind that the outcome of such efforts is mainly students' of course, however, ours also; the outcome of teachers and researchers. In a very broad sense, this issue places importance on a successful second language pedagogical process, be it readability, pronunciation, generalization and application of grammatical rules, or their methodological issues. It supports the idea that reciprocal improvements on students' as well as teachers' and researchers' sides undoubtedly deliver best results in the language pedagogy as well as in linguistic research. Improvements that build upon expertise and considerable amount of real-life data. Improvements aspired to.Kristina HMELJAK SANGAWA in her article analized a collection of Japanese texts which had been linguistically simplified for learners of Japanese as a foreign language, and compared them to their original versions. The main aim of such analysis was to uncover different strategies that are used to make texts more accessible to learners. The author, however, makes some further steps and discusses the application of such strategies to assessing, selecting, and devising texts in a language classroom. Zuzana POSPĚCHOVÁ offers a detailed introduction to the method of prosodic transcription (PTR) for Standard Chinese established by phonetician Oldřich Švarný. The PTR method has taken several decades to form and it is nowadays a well established way of teaching Chinese prosody in the language courses around the Czech Republic. The article offers a short sample text, students' opinion on PTR, and an outline of the use of PTR in academic research. It concludes with the suggestion that PTR could be an international system of transcription capturing prosodic features worldwide. The idea in Mateja PETROVČIČ’s article also emerged from her experience with students of Chinese as a second language and their problems in the learning process. She highlights the so called liheci, a special type of Chinese polymorphemic verbs. Such verbs are known to sometimes accept one or more elements to infuse in between their morphemes, however, the author points out that word sketches such as Sketch Engine hardly offer any information on the behaviour of such words. She gives suggestions on how to include them.Liulin ZHANG offers a discussion on the two commonly recognized imperfective aspect markers in Mandarin Chinese zai and着zhe, and argues their qualifications as imperfective aspect markers based on the differences in their origins, historical evolutions, and corpus data. Alexander AKULOV is critical towards the methods in comparative linguistics that base on the characteristics of lexems of the compared languages. He points out that such methods do not suppose verification and therefore allow different, even opposing conclusions. In his article he suggests the comparison of grammars of the languages involved, and by using Prefixation Ability Index (PAI) and Verbal Grammar Correlation Index (VGCI) tackles the problem of Buyeo language group. His findings prove that Japanese and Korean belong to the same language group, and not just to the same language family. Finally, Pankaj DWIVEDI and Somdev KAR contributed a survey article on a Hindi dialect called Kanauji. The article exposes problems researchers have to deal with on the field when monitoring and documenting spoken language of a certain area, and fitting the findings into concepts such as a language and a dialect.
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Detrichyeni Winaya, Made, and I. Gusti Ngurah Adi Rajistha. "PROSES AFIKSASI PADA INKORPORASI PELESAPAN VERBA DALAM BAHASA BALI." KULTURISTIK: Jurnal Bahasa dan Budaya 1, no. 1 (July 7, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/kulturistik.1.1.212.
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[Title: The Affixation Process in Verb Incorporation in Balinese Language] The incorporation of verbs in Balinese language requires the morphological process of the word that will replace the verb position. The incorporation process in Balinese is usually followed by affixation process. This article aims to explain the affixation process of incorporating verbs in Balinese language. The source of data of this research is a modern Balinese story book titled Tutur Bali by I Wayan Westa (2013). The data of this research is obtained through library method with technique of note. The data obtained were classified according to the type of affixation that occurs. The classified data were analyzed using the distributional method. The result of analysis is presented by informal method. Based on the analysis that has been conducted, the affixation process found in the case of incorporation of verbs involves the process of prefixation, the process of suffixation, and the process of adding the affix combination. The prefixing process involves the addition of ma- and N-. Furthermore, the process of suffixation includes the addition of the suffix -in. The last morphological process is the addition of a combination of affixes such as N-in, N-ang, ma-an, ma-in, ka-in, -ang-a, and -in-a.
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Istratkova, Vyara. "On multiple prefixation in Bulgarian." Nordlyd 32, no. 2 (March 11, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/12.71.
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In this paper, I discuss instances of multiple prefixation in Bul- garian in the context of the aspectual properties of the Bulgarian verbal system. Up to seven prefixes can stack on a single verbal root in Bulgarian. All of them but the innermost one appear with a rel- atively stable meaning regardless of the meaning of the verbal stem they attach to. Importantly, prefixes will be shown to be able to at- tach to perfective as well as imperfective stems. The phenomenon is an argument against the common view that prefixes uniformly mark perfectivity in Bulgarian. On the bases of prefix co-occurrence and scope interaction, predictions will be made about the derivational hierarchy in case of stacking.
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Kratochvíl, František, and Benidiktus Delpada. "Degrees of affectedness and verbal prefixation in Abui (Papuan)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar, October 17, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/hpsg.2015.13.
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This paper deals with the encoding of affectedness in Abui, a Papuan language of Indonesia. Abui is a head-marking language of the rare type where the verbs are marked for their undergoer arguments (So, O) formally split into several subtypes. This marking has been previously analyzed as a type of semantic alignment sensitive among others to affectedness. Affectedness is understood here as a scalar property delimiting the predicate (following Tenny 1987 and Beavers 2011). The paper explores the structure of the affectedness scale for Abui, comparing the functions and meaning of three types of person prefix paradigms. We show that verbs with similar meaning, encoding the same type of change (in Beavers’ terms) can differ in their entailments. We also show that there may be additional dimensions in which affectedness can be measured, such as affected agents, and that the interpretation of the degree on the affectedness scale interacts with instigator’s (source of force) status on the referential hierarchy. While human agents in some cases allow lower degrees of affectedness, the inanimate forces select the maximal degree reading. We conclude, that despite a considerable amount of fluidity of marking (Fedden et al. 2013, 2014), the shifts in degree of affectedness can be predicted as lowering of the degree stipulated for the predicate.
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KOTOWSKI, SVEN. "The semantics of English out-prefixation: a corpus-based investigation." English Language and Linguistics, March 9, 2020, 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674319000443.
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The verbal prefix out- in its scalar-comparative sense is among the most productive English locative prefixes. Although several authors make use of the construction as a test environment for verb classification, few studies have looked at its semantics in any depth. Moreover, previous work on this prefix relies on fairly small databases or self-generated data, and no reliable corpus-based investigations are available, calling into question the usefulness of present semantic analyses and the application of the construction as a test environment. This study aims at remedying these shortcomings via presenting a database culled mostly from COCA and iWeb. Based on the analysis of the wide range of attestations in the database it is shown that existing generalizations and previous semantic analyses are wrong and that particular restrictions proposed in the literature are not borne out by the data. Several claims, including core features of the formalizations offered in the literature, have to be discarded. Furthermore, alleged base-restrictions on the input out- allows are shown to be far too restrictive. This holds for verbal as well as adjectival and nominal bases. It is shown that approaches that deny the existence of category-changing prefixes are misguided. Overall, the construction is more flexible regarding possible interpretations and more promiscuous with respect to possible bases than previously thought. At the same time, the system is not unrestricted. Generalizing over the data, this article lays out the requirements and specific challenges any full formal account of out- will have to match.
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Goad, Heather, and Lisa deMena Travis. "Phonological evidence for morpho-syntactic structure in Athapaskan." Linguistic Review, August 13, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2021-2070.
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Abstract Athapaskan verbal morphology appears to violate the Mirror Principle in multiple ways and, thus, the ordering of affixes in these languages has resisted a straightforward analysis. We adopt a new morphological tool of Iterative Root Prefixation, which allows for a more direct mapping from syntax to morphology in languages of this profile. Apparent violations of affix ordering that remain, namely the puzzling placement of the transitive and causative morphemes, are argued to be explained by overriding phonological constraints.
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Lewandowski, Wojciech. "Verbal prefixation, construction grammar, and semantic compatibility: Evidence from the locative alternation in Polish." Folia Linguistica 50, no. 1 (January 1, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/flin-2016-0006.
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AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the interaction between prefixes, verbs, and abstract argument structure constructions, using as a testing ground the locative alternation. It has been assumed that in order to participate in the locative alternation, a verb must specify a manner of motion from which a change of state can be obtained (see, for instance, Steven Pinker’s
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Arquiola, Elena Feliu. "Morphology, argument structure, and lexical semantics: the case of Spanish auto- and co- prefixation to verbal bases." Linguistics 41, no. 3 (January 4, 2003). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ling.2003.017.
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Jantunen, Santra. "Syntactic and aspectual functions of Latvian verbal prefixes in Livonian." Uralica Helsingiensia, no. 14 (December 31, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.33341/uh.85032.
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This paper presents an analysis of an assumed contact-induced change in the Livonian modes of expressing perfective aspect: the adoption of Latvian-origin verbal prefixes expressing perfective aspect. The main objective of this article is to determine whether long-standing contact between Livonian and Latvian has led to the introduction of verbal prefixes as both pure lexical elements and, in parallel, as markers of grammatical functions that distinguish Livonian from its closest cognate languages. The current study is based on the data derived from unpublished recordings and published written material representing spoken Livonian, already extinct as a first language in the traditional speech area.
There are a total of eleven Latvian-origin verbal prefixes in Livonian, a language which usually does not display this category. The prefixes are as follows: aiz-, ap-, at-, ie-, iz-, nuo-, pa-, pie-, pōr-, sa-, and uz-. In Latvian, most of these items can be used as bound verbal prefixes and also prepositions marking adverbial functions. In Livonian, these prefixes can be combined with both Livonian and Latvian verbs but, as a rule – except for pa- – they do not occur as prepositions. The frequency of their occurrence in the data varies considerably and, presumably, corresponds to the degree that a given prefix may derive perfective verbs. In fact, verbal prefixation can be considered, to some extent, a means for expressing perfective aspect in Livonian, thereby adding a secondary strategy to the inherent Finnic way of expressing aspectual oppositions, namely the object case alternation and verbal particles.
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Breu, Walter. "Aspect forms and functions in Sorbian varieties." STUF - Language Typology and Universals 65, no. 3 (January 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/stuf.2012.0016.
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AbstractIn this paper, we discuss different types of verbal aspect in three varieties of Sorbian, Standard Lower and Upper Sorbian and Colloquial Upper Sorbian. There are basically two formally differentiated aspect oppositions in Sorbian, the Slavic opposition of perfectivity, expressed by stem alternations (prefixation, suffixation and suppletion) and thus grammatically derivative, and the opposition of aorist and imperfect, expressed by inflection. These two types are, however, restricted in their distribution, as modern Lower Sorbian lacks the inflectional type completely, and Colloquial Upper Sorbian uses it only with auxiliaries, modal verbs and some verbs of speech. Even in Standard Upper Sorbian the independence of the two oppositions is rather relative, as only the second and third person singular have different endings for the two grammemes, whereas in all other persons formal differences between imperfect and aorist are expressed, if at all, only by stem alternations, dependent on the opposition between the imperfective and the perfective stem. Therefore, even in Standard Upper Sorbian we have a clear differentiation between perfective and imperfective only outside the synthetic past tense, e.g. in the analytic
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Kurbanov, Bakhram. "СИНОНИМИЧЕСКИЕ РЯДЫ В РУССКОМ И УЗБЕКСКОМ ЯЗЫКАХ." Foreign Languages in Uzbekistan, June 7, 2019, 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.36078/1564987990.
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В статье рассматриваются синонимические ряды глаголов русского и узбекского языков с точки зрения лексики и словообразования. Описаны типы синонимов, однокоренные и разнокоренные синонимы, заглавное слово в ряду. Особое внимание уделяется изучению способов словообразования синонимических рядов русского и узбекского языков в сопоставительном плане. В основном рассмотрен аффиксальный способ, в частности, суффиксация, префиксация и префиксально-суффиксальный способы словообразования. Мақолада рус ва ўзбек тилларидаги феълларнинг синонимик қаторлари лексик ва сўз ясалиши нуқтаи назаридан ўрганилган. Синонимларнинг турлари, бир ўзакли ва турли ўзакли синонимлар, қатордаги бош сўз илмий тавсиф этилган. Рус ва ўзбек тиллари синонимик қаторларидаги сўз ясалиш йўлларини қиёсий ўрганишга асосий эътибор қаратилган. Сўз ясалишининг, асосан, аффиксация, шу жумладан, суффиксация, префиксация ва префиксал суффиксация усуллари кўриб чиқилган. The article deals with the issues of the verbal synonymic lines of Russian and Uzbek languages in terms of vocabulary and word formation. There is given ideas about type of synonyms, synonyms with a root or different roots, the main word of synonymic line. Special attention is paid to comparative learning ways of forming synonymic line of words in Russian and Uzbek languages. In general, observed forming of words with affixation, suffixation, prefixation and prefixalsuffixation ways.