Dissertations / Theses: 'Verbal valence'

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Renaudier, Marie. "Dérivation et valence en sereer variété de Mar Lodj (Sénégal)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO20058/document.

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Cette thèse s’intéresse aux phénomènes de changements de valence impliqués par la dérivation verbale en sereer, une langue atlantique du Sénégal. L’étude se base sur un corpus de données spontanées et élicitées recueillies sur le terrain. L’ouvrage est divisé en trois parties. La première partie s’intéresse à quelques points du système grammatical et notamment la morphologie flexionnelle verbale incluant les catégories d’aspect, de personne ou de focalisation, fortement grammaticalisée dans cette langue. La seconde partie fournit les informations nécessaires à l’étude des opérations de changement de valence. Il s’agit d’abord de dégager, parmi l’ensemble des suffixes dérivationnels verbaux, ceux qui modifient la valence, de ceux qui n’ont aucun effet sur la valence. Cette partie s’intéresse aussi à des questions théoriques et définit les notions de relations grammaticales, de valence ou de voix. En sereer, la moitié des 30 suffixes dérivationnels implique un changement de valence. Ces 15 morphèmes encodent 7 opérations (causatif, applicatif, possession, passif, moyen, réciproque et antipassif) décrites dans des chapitres spécifiques débutant par une introduction théorique et typologique. Les conséquences syntaxiques et sémantiques, ainsi que les motivations fonctionnelles et les emplois non-canoniques de ces opérations syntaxiques sont des points essentiels de chaque chapitre. L’analyse de ces opérations syntaxiques permet parfois de confirmer la littérature typologique. Le causatif en est un parfait exemple. Mais d’autres chapitres mettent en avant des phénomènes rares tels que le morphème de possession externe, ou le morphème d’antipassif particulièrement spécialisé
This dissertation deals with the phenomenon of verbal derivation and valency changing in Sereer, an Atlantic language of Senegal. Analyses are based on spontaneous data and elicitations collected during fieldwork. The study is organized in three parts. The first part focuses on some points of Sereer grammar, like the complex verbal flexional morphology including aspect, person or focalization, which is strongly grammaticalized in this language. The second part provides the background required by the study of valency changing operations. Thus, it deals with the many derivational verbal suffixes of Sereer and distinguishes those which affect valency from those which do not affect valency. Moreover, this second part focuses on theoretical issues and provides definitions for the notions of grammatical relations, valency or voice. In Sereer, half of the 30 derivational suffixes imply a valency changing operation on the verb. These 15 morphemes encode 7 operations (causative, applicative, possession, passive, middle, reciprocal and antipassive) described in specific chapters beginning with a theoretical and typological frame. Syntactic and semantic consequences of verbal derivation but also functional motivations and non canonical structures constitute essential points of my description. In some cases, analysis of valency changing operations in Sereer confirms typological literature. This is the case of the causative for example. But some chapters focus on rare phenomena such as the external possession morpheme or the antipassive morpheme particularly specialized

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Bruley-Meszaros, Cécile. "Les verbes de valence à et de dans l'enseignement du FLE." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H024.

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Cette recherche a pour objet l’étude des verbes de valence à et de au niveau de l’enseignement du FLE. Ces verbes, de grande fréquence en français, posent beaucoup de difficultés aux apprenants de français langue étrangère. Aussi l’objectif est-il de montrer si et comment ce point est traité dans les manuels de FLE et de faire des propositions pédagogiques afin de faciliter leur acquisition. Le premier chapitre définit le cadre théorique, les concepts opératoires, notamment la notion de valence et examine les différentes études qui ont été consacrées à cette problématique et plus spécifiquement aux verbes de valence à et de. Le second chapitre concerne le corpus et décrit la manière dont ces verbes sont introduits et présentés dans les méthodes et les grammaires de FLE. Enfin, dans le troisième chapitre, nous ferons des propositions didactiques pour ces verbes, regroupés selon des critères syntaxiques et sémantiques, en tenant compte des objectifs communicatifs retenus et du niveau de langue des apprenants
This research aims to study verbs governing à and de in the teaching of French as a Foreign Language (FFL). These verbs are very frequently encountered in French and cause numerous problems to FFL learners. The purpose is therefore to show whether and how this point is addressed in FFL manuals, and to suggest ways of facilitating their acquisition. The first chapter sets out the theoretical framework and the operating concepts, in particular the notion of valency, and examines the various studies devoted to this question with special reference to verbs which take à and de. The second chapter concerns the corpus and describes the way in which these verbs are introduced and presented in FFL course books and grammars. In the third and last chapter, we propose a series of tools for teaching these verbs, grouped along syntactic and semantic unes, taking into account the communicative objectives adopted and the learners’ language level

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Meng, Zewen. "Le problème de la valence en français et en chinois. Étude contrastive et typologique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2021. http://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=http://theses.paris-sorbonne.fr/2021SORUL005.pdf.

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Dans la ligne de notre master, nous proposons ici une étude contrastive et typologique de la valence en français et en chinois. La théorie de la « valence » est due au linguiste français Lucien Tesnière ; elle a été appliquée à diverses langues flexionnelles ou agglutinantes de l’Europe et du monde ; elle peut aussi s’appliquer aux langues isolantes de l’Asie comme le chinois, même si elle n’a été introduite en Chine qu’assez tardivement. Nous partirons du chinois comme référence et nous le comparerons avec le français. Nous étudierons successivement les différentes catégories de verbes : avalents, monovalents, bivalents, trivalents, tétravalents, nous étendrons ensuite l’étude aux changements de valence et au problème de la diathèse. Le chinois contemporain et le français standard sont deux langues très différentes du point de vue typologique ; au contraire du français, le chinois est une langue à morphologie réduite, à série verbale, à constructions à pivot lâches et étroites, où les phénomènes de topicalisation vs de subjectivation jouent un rôle important. Les phénomènes de grammaticalisation y occupent une grande place (cf. Lemaréchal & Xiao, 2017) : c’est le cas avec 把bǎ un verbe « prendre » devenu la préposition utilisée pour antéposer les objets devant les verbes ; avec 被bèi, un verbe « subir » devenu la préposition utilisée pour marquer le passif ; avec 叫jiào et 让ràng un verbe « appeler » et un verbe « céder » devenus marques de causatif-factitif et de passif ; avec 给gěi, qui, de verbe « donner », est devenu multifonctionnels : fonctionnant comme préposition introduisant le bénéficiaire, les datifs d’intérêt et les datifs éthiques ; mais aussi comme marque de causatif-factitif, d’applicatif, de passif dans une construction verbale à pivot; mais qui peut aussi être intégré aux mots comme élément sémantique. La théorie de la « valence » permet non seulement d’étudier la construction des verbes, mais peut être étendue à tous les prédicats (au sens sémantique et logique du terme). Cette théorie peut être utilisée pour de nombreuses langues. Elle a contribué à améliorer les dictionnaires et à faciliter l’enseignement et l’apprentissage des langues. Le but de cette thèse est de comparer dans une perspective typologique les différences de fonctionnement de la valence verbale entre français et chinois
After researching the subject Study of verbal valence from a typological perspective of contrast between French and Chinese, we propose here an even deeper contrasting and typological study on the problem of valence in French and Chinese. The theory of “valence” was first proposed by the French linguist Lucien Tesnière and has been applied to various bending or agglutinating languages of Europe and the world, and also, it can be applied to insulating languages from Asia, such as Chinese, even if it was introduced quite late in China. For comparison, we take Chinese as a reference that we compare with French on avalent, monovalent, bivalent, trivalent, tetravalent verbs, and also on the diatheses of the change of valence of verbs. Contemporary Chinese and standard French are two very different languages from a typological point of view; unlike French, Chinese is a language with reduced morphology, verbal series, loose and narrow pivot constructions, topicalization and subjectification and also it is a phenomenon of grammaticalization (cf. Lemaréchal & Xiao, 2017) such as 把bǎ of the verb “take” became the preposition to propose objects in front of the verbs; 被bèi of the verb “suffer” became the preposition to mark the passive and the patient; 叫jiào and 让ràng of the verb “call” “to give” became signs of causative-factual and passive; 给gěi of the verb “give” that has become multifunctional: as a preposition, beneficiary, dative (of interest and ethics); causative-factual, applicative, passive mark; in the construction verbal series and construction pivot; and also it can be integrated into words as a semantic element. The theory of “valence” not only allows the study of the construction of verbs but can be extended to all predicates (in the semantic and logical sense of the term). This theory can be used in many languages. It has helped to improve dictionaries and facilitate language teaching and learning. This thesis aims to typologically solve certain problems on the verbal valence between French and Chinese

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Ambert-Dahan, Emmanuèle. "Perception des émotions non verbales dans la musique, les voix et les visages chez les adultes implantés cochléaires présentant une surdité évolutive." Thesis, Lille 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL30027/document.

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Le bénéfice de l’implant cochléaire pour la compréhension de la parole en milieu calme, et même dans certains cas pour des situations auditives complexes telles que les environnements bruyants ou l’écoute de la musique est aujourd’hui connu. Si la compréhension de la parole est nécessaire à la communication, la perception des informations non verbales transmises par la voix de même que des expressions faciales est fondamentale pour interpréter le message d’un interlocuteur. Les capacités de perception des émotions non verbales en cas de surdité neurosensorielle évolutive ont été très peu explorées. Les travaux menés dans cette thèse ont pour objectifs d’évaluer la reconnaissance des émotions non verbales dans les modalités auditive et visuelle afin de mettre en évidence d’éventuelles spécificités chez les adultes présentant une surdité évolutive. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé quatre études comportementales dans lesquelles nous avons comparé leurs performances à celles de sujets contrôles normo-entendants. Nous avons évalué le jugement des émotions portées par la musique, la voix et les visages à partir d’un paradigme expérimental impliquant la reconnaissance de catégories émotionnelles (i.e. joie, peur, tristesse...) et la perception des dimensions de valence et d’éveil de l’émotion exprimée. Les études 1 et 2 ont porté sur la reconnaissance des émotions auditives après implantation cochléaire en examinant tour à tour la reconnaissance des émotions portées par la musique et la reconnaissance de celles portées par la voix. Les études 3 et 4 ont porté sur la reconnaissance des émotions visuelles et, en particulier, des expressions faciales avant et après implantation cochléaire. Les résultats de ces études révèlent l’existence d’un déficit de reconnaissance des émotions plus marqué dans le domaine musical et vocal que facial. Il apparaît aussi une perturbation des jugements d'éveil, les stimuli étant perçus moins excitants par les patients que par les normo-entendants. Toutefois, la reconnaissance des voix et des musiques, bien que limitée, était supérieure au niveau du hasard démontrant les bénéfices de l'implant cochléaire pour le traitement des émotions auditives. En revanche, quelle que soit la modalité étudiée, les jugements de valence n'étaient pas altérés. De manière surprenante, les données de ces recherches suggèrent de plus que, chez une partie des patients testés, la reconnaissance des émotions faciales peut être affectée par la survenue d'une surdité évolutive suggérant les conséquences de la perte auditive sur le traitement des émotions présentées dans une autre modalité. En conclusion, il semblerait que la surdité, de même que l'insuffisance d’informations spectrales transmises par l’implant cochléaire, favorisent l'utilisation de la communication verbale au détriment de la communication non verbale
While cochlear implantation is quite successful in restoring speech comprehension in quiet environments other auditory tasks, such as communication in noisy environments or music perception remain very challenging for cochlear implant (CI) users. Communication involves multimodal perception since information is transmitted by vocal and facial expressions which are crucial to interpret speaker’s emotional state. Indeed, very few studies have examined perception of non verbal emotions in case of progressive neurosensorial hearing loss in adults. The aim of this thesis was to test the influence of rehabilitation by CI after acquired deafness on emotional judgment of musical excerpts and in non verbal voices. We also examined the influence of acquired post-lingual progressive deafness on emotional judgment of faces. For this purpose, we conducted four experimental studies in which performances of deaf and cochlear implanted subjects were compared to those of normal hearing controls. To assess emotional judgment in music, voices and faces, we used a task that consisted of emotional categories identification (happiness, fear, anger or peacefulness for music and neutral) and dimensional judgment of valence and arousal. The first two studies evaluated emotional perception in auditory modality by successively examining recognition of emotions in music and voices. The two following studies focused on emotion recognition in visual modality, particularly on emotional facial expressions before and after cochlear implantation. Results of these studies revealed greater deficits in emotion recognition in the musical and vocal than visual domains as well as a disturbance of arousal judgments, stimuli being perceived less exciting by CI patients as compared to NH subjects. Yet, recognition of emotions in music and voices, although limited, was performed above chance level demonstrating CI benefits for auditory emotions processing. Conversely, valence judgments were not impaired in music, vocal and facial emotional tests. Surprisingly, results of these studies suggest that, at least for a sub-group of patients, recognition of facial emotions is affected by acquired deafness indicating the consequences of progressive hearing loss in processing emotion presented in another modality. Thus, it seems that progressive deafness as well as the lack of spectral cues transmitted by the cochlear implant might foster verbal communication to the detriment of the non verbal emotional communication

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Zhao, Yilu. "Distributional criteria for verbal valency in Chinese /." Leuven : Peeters, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38955510z.

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Gottschligg, Peter. "Verbale Valenz und Kasus im Ful /." Wien : VWGÖ, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35686214f.

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Delhem, Romain. "Verbes labiles et schémas de complémentation en anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL068.

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Dans le cadre des approches constructionistes, cette thèse étudie les verbes labiles de l’anglais, qui peuvent manifester des configurations syntaxiques variées sans changer de forme. L’étude de la complémentation de ces verbes montre que leur catégorisation en familles sémantiques est pertinente mais pas suffisante pour expliquer leur comportement. La thèse défend une approche syncrétique de la complémentation du verbe qui rend compte de son importante productivité et de ses limites parfois arbitraires. Une analyse montre que les verbes ont tous une configuration syntaxique par défaut, qui n’est pas signifiante et qui permet simplement au verbe d’exprimer ses arguments de façon non marquée, en accord avec certains principes de cohérence conceptuelle. À l’inverse, lorsque la complémentation du verbe a un apport sémantique identifiable, l’existence de schémas de complémentation pleinement signifiants est postulée. Il s’agit d’ensembles de compléments dont le sens est distinct de celui du verbe auquel ils sont associés et se retrouve de façon régulière avec des verbes de catégories diverses. Il est démontré que les schémas de complémentation doivent être considérés comme des unités linguistiques de plein droit de l’anglais. Cela implique qu’en synchronie, ces schémas sont emmagasinés par les locuteurs plutôt que le résultat d’un processus d’analogie avec des constructions existantes. Leur statut d’unité linguistique permet d’étudier leur sémantisme de la même façon que des unités lexicales plus classiques. S’ils sont en majorité polysémiques, certains schémas ont des emplois difficiles à relier sémantiquement et doivent donc être considérés comme des homonymes
Within a constructionist framework, this thesis studies English labile verbs, which can enter into various syntactic configurations without changing form. A study of their complementation shows that categorizing them into semantic families is relevant but not sufficient to explain their behavior. The thesis defends a syncretic approach to verb complementation to that accounts for its important productivity and its sometimes arbitrary limits. It is shown that all verbs have a default syntactic configuration, which is not meaningful and which simply allows the verb to express its arguments in an unmarked way, in accordance with certain principles of conceptual coherence. Conversely, when the complementation of the verb has an identifiable semantic contribution, the existence of fully meaningful patterns of complementation is posited. These are defined as sets of complements, whose meaning is distinct from that of the verb with which they are associated and is found regularly with verbs of diverse categories. It is shown that patterns of complementation should be considered fully-fledged English linguistic units. This implies that synchronically, these patterns are mentally stored by speakers rather than the result of a process of analogy with existing constructions. Their status as linguistic units makes it possible to study their meaning in the same way as more classical lexical units. Although most of them are polysemic, some patterns of complementation exhibit uses that are difficult to link semantically and must therefore be viewed as homonyms

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Gérardin, Hélène. "Les verbes intransitifs primaires et dérivés en géorgien : description morphosyntaxique, sémantique et dérivationnelle." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCF025/document.

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Cette thèse a pour objet le classement et la description des verbes intransitifs monoactanciels en géorgien, dans une perspective linguistique typologique. L’analyse comporte deux phases : d’une part un classement des verbes, et d’autre part une réflexion critique sur la complexité du système mis en évidence ainsi que sur la notion d’intransitivité en général. Le classement proposé commence par séparer les verbes non dérivés d’autres verbes (‘intransitifs primaires’) de ceux dont la morphologie indique un processus de dérivation détransitive (‘intransitifs dérivés’). Les verbes monoactanciels primaires se divisent en deux classes, ayant chacune une unité à la fois sémantique et morphosyntaxique : les verbes téliques (comme ‘mourir’) et les verbes atéliques (comme ‘vivre’). Les verbes biactanciels sont ensuite brièvement décrits selon une échelle de transitivité. Puis sont abordés les verbes monoactanciels dérivés, qui peuvent avoir jusqu’à quatre interprétations : passive, décausative, autocausative et antipassive, et enfin les couples de verbes dont les deux membres transitif et intransitif sont marqués morphologiquement. L’intransitivité monoactancielle en géorgien n’a pas encore été traitée de façon globale, en particulier certains aspects comme l’antipassif, dont on propose une étude détaillée. Le présent travail entend apporter une contribution à la fois aux études kartvéliennes et aux récentes réflexions générales sur les concepts de transitivité, de valence et de voix. En effet, par son grand nombre de classes verbales et par le lien étroit qu’il fait entre morphosyntaxe et sémantique, le géorgien a des données de premier choix à fournir à l’étude de ces concepts
The topic of this PhD thesis is a classification and description of one-argument intransitive verbs in Georgian in a typological perspective. The analysis consists of two steps: firstly, the classification of the various types of verbs and secondly, a critical investigation of the complexity of the system under study and on the concept of intransitivity in general. The proposed classification begins by separating verbs not derived from other verbs (‘primary intransitives’) from those whose morphology indicates a process of de-transitive derivation (‘derived intransitives’). Primary one-argument verbs, in turn, are divided into two classes, each consisting of verbs with the same morphological, as well as semantic properties: telic verbs (such as “to die”) and atelic verbs (e.g. “to live”). Two-argument verbs are briefly described according to a transitivity scale. Discussed next are derived one-argument verbs which may have up to four readings: passive, decausative, autocausative and antipassive, and finally, verb pairs whose members, one transitive and one intransitive, are both morphologically marked. One-argument intransitivity in Georgian has not yet been investigated thoroughly; this particularly applies to some of its aspects such as the antipassive, of which a detailed study is offered here. The present work is intended to contribute to Kartvelian studies and at the same time, to recent discussion in general linguistics on the concepts of transitivity, valency and voice. Indeed, owing to its large number of verb classes and the close connection between morphosyntax and semantics, Georgian offers excellent data for the study of these concepts

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Perius, Vanessa Alves Marques. "Os verbos da linguagem legislativa na perspectiva da terminologia e da tradução : uma proposta de análise." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/102618.

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O presente trabalho propõe uma análise dos verbos jurídicos, com base na teoria das valências, pela perspectiva da Tradução e da Terminologia. Os verbos analisados são utilizados na fórmula da promulgação, em textos da legislação ambiental brasileira e argentina. Realizamos também um contraste entre as línguas portuguesa e espanhola acerca do funcionamento dos verbos, buscando identificar se há equivalência entre eles, considerando o contexto em que são empregados. A justificativa para tratar desse tema, centra-se no fato de a tradução de textos especializados ser uma atividade complexa, pois envolve uma terminologia específica de um campo de conhecimento, como, por exemplo, a área jurídica, e apresenta uma série de obstáculos ao tradutor, principalmente com relação à equivalência. Além disso, os dicionários nem sempre trazem soluções para o tradutor, dado que não apresentam definições contextualizadas que indiquem a circunstância de utilização dos termos. Optamos pela análise dos verbos por tratarse de uma categoria determinante na produção de textos jurídicos, pois produzem efeitos legais ao serem proferidos. Ademais, os estudos relacionados aos verbos jurídicos pela perspectiva da Terminologia e da Tradução são escassos. Para tanto, apoiamo-nos, principalmente, nos pressupostos de Hurtado Albir (2011), que compreende a tradução como uma atividade comunicativa realizada entre textos, e não entre línguas; e na Teoria Comunicativa da Terminologia (TCT), proposta por Cabré (1999, 2003 e 2004), a qual fundamenta a Terminologia nas ciências da linguagem, da comunicação e da cognição, e a insere em um campo interdisciplinar e transdisciplinar, levando em conta aspectos linguísticos e culturais, como o idioma e contexto, para mostrar a funcionalidade dos termos em situações de comunicação especializada. Já para a metodologia e análise dos verbos, utilizamos a proposta de Francisco Borba (1996), a Teoria das Valências, na qual o verbo é reconhecido como elemento central da oração, tendo seu valor determinado por seus complementos. A partir da análise, constatamos, principalmente, que os verbos estudados possuem funções específicas e representam o exercício de poderes. Esta dissertação visa oferecer recursos em relação aos verbos para que o tradutor de textos especializados no âmbito jurídico encontre elementos para solucionar problemas de tradução e possa justificar suas tomadas de decisão durante o processo tradutório.
El presente trabajo propone un análisis de los verbos jurídicos, a partir de la teoría de las valencias, desde la perspectiva de la Traducción y de la Terminología. Los verbos analizados se utilizan en el preámbulo, en textos de la legislación ambiental brasileña y argentina. Se hizo también un contraste entre los idiomas portugués y español acerca del funcionamiento de los verbos con el fin de identificar si hay equivalencia entre ellos, considerando el contexto en el que son empleados. La razón para desarrollar dicho estudio se debe al hecho de la traducción de textos especializados ser una actividad compleja, pues implica una terminología específica de un campo de conocimiento, como, por ejemplo, el área jurídica, y presenta una serie de obstáculos al traductor, principalmente con relación a la equivalencia. Asimismo, los diccionarios no siempre traen soluciones para el traductor, dado que no presentan definiciones contextualizadas que indiquen la circunstancia de uso de los términos. Se optó por el análisis de los verbos por tratarse de una categoría determinante en la producción de textos jurídicos porque producen efectos legales al ser proferidos. Además, los estudios relacionados a los verbos jurídicos desde la perspectiva de la Terminología y de la Traducción son escasos. El marco teórico se basa, principalmente, en los postulados de Hurtado Albir (2011), que comprende la traducción como una actividad comunicativa realizada entre textos, y no entre idiomas; y en la Teoría Comunicativa de la Terminología (TCT Cabré, 1999, 2003 2004), que fundamenta la Terminología en las ciencias del lenguaje, de la comunicación y de la cognición, la inserta en un campo interdisciplinar y transdisciplinar, y considera aspectos lingüísticos y culturales, como el idioma y el contexto, para mostrar la funcionalidad de los términos en situaciones de comunicación especializada. El análisis de los verbos se basó en la propuesta de Francisco Borba (1996), la Teoría de las Valencias, en la que se reconoce el verbo como elemento central de la oración, y cuyo valor se determina por sus complementos. A partir del análisis, se constató, principalmente, que los verbos estudiados poseen funciones específicas y representan el ejercicio de poderes. Esta disertación busca ofrecer recursos con relación a los verbos para que el traductor de textos especializados en el ámbito jurídico encuentre elementos para solucionar problemas de traducción y para que pueda justificar la toma de decisiones a lo largo del proceso de traducción.

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Cuofano, Letizia. "As equivalências no português e no italiano de verbos suecos com prefixos de origem germânica num corpus paralelo de textos escritos." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för portugisiska, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-64270.

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Os prefixos germânicos de alguns verbos suecos serão comparados numa análise contrastiva com as relativas equivalências em português e em italiano num corpus paralelo escrito composto por um romance de língua sueca, um de língua portuguesa e um de língua italiana e pelas suas respectivas traduções. As funções desenvolvidas pelos prefixos germânicos dos verbos suecos analisados serão examinadas e depois confrontadas com as relativas equivalências, com o resultado que também nas duas línguas românicas relevam-se, de maneira bastante constante, procedimentos gramaticais parecidos aos desenvolvidos pelos prefixos germânicos.
Germanic prefixes of which some Swedish verbs are composed are going to be compared in acontrastive analysis with their relative equivalences in Portuguese and Italian in a parallel written corpus characterized by a Swedish-language romance, a Portuguese-language romance and an Italian language romance, and by their relative translations. The functions executed by the German prefixes of the analysed Swedish verbs are going to be examined and then compared with their relative equivalences, with the result that even in the Romance languages it is possible to find in a quite constant way grammatical processes which are similar to those executed by the Germanic prefixes.
I prefissi germanici di alcuni verbi svedesi saranno comparati in un'analisi contrastiva con le relative equivalenze in portoghese e in italiano in un corpus parallelo scritto composto da un romanzo di lingua svedese, uno di lingua portoghese e uno di lingua italiana e dalle rispettive traduzioni. Le funzioni svolte dai prefissi germanici dei verbi svedesi analizzati saranno esaminate e poi confrontate con le relative equivalenze, con il risultato che anche nelle due lingue romanze si riscontrano in maniera abbastanza costante processi grammaticali simili a quelli svolti dai prefissi germanici.
De germanska prefix som återfinns i vissa svenska verb kommer att jämföras med sina motsvarigheter på portugisiska och italienska. Detta görs med hjälp av en skriven korpus bestående av en roman ursprungligen skriven på svenska, en skriven på portugisiska och en skriven på italienska samt översättningar av dessa romaner till de två andra språken. Funktionen hos de svenska verben med germanska prefix kommer att analyseras och sedan jämföras med verbens motsvarigheter. Resultatet av analysen visar att det är möjligt att finna systematiskt återkommande grammatiska processer i de romanska språken, som liknar de som förekommer i samband med de germanska prefixen på svenska.

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Akihiro, Hisae. "Contribution à l'étude de la valence verbale en français contemporain, la non-réalisation du complément d'objet direct." Paris, EPHE, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EPHE4014.

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Dans certaines constructions verbales, le complément d'objet direct peut être supprimé, sans changer la structure de la valence verbale, comme par exemple, je mange ø (la marque ø représente la place du complément d'objet préservé dans la structure de la valence verbale). On peut vérifier la présence du ø par le test de coordination : je fume ø et même des cigares vs. ? La cheminée fume mais pas ça. Nous considérons que le ø fait partie au paradigme du complément d'objet direct et nous proposons d'étudier la particularité du ø en tant que marquage du complément, en le comparant avec d'autres formes telles que le pronom le, la, les et ça. Nous distinguons trois niveaux d'analyses : A-le niveau de la valence verbale, B-le niveau du contexte syntaxique et C-le niveau du contexte discursif ou pragmatique, tout en admettant que les facteurs contextuels sont importants, nous mettons l'accent sur la valence verbale. Le problème du Dans certaines constructions verbales, le complément d'objet direct peut être supprimé, sans changer la structure de la valence verbale, comme par exemple, je mange ø (la marque ø représente la place du complément d'objet préservé dans la structure de la valence verbale). On peut vérifier la présence du ø par le test de coordination : je fume ø et même des cigares vs. ? La cheminée fume mais pas ça. Nous considérons que le ø fait partie au paradigme du complément d'objet direct et nous proposons d'étudier la particularité du ø se situe avant tout dans l'ordre de la valence verbale. Nous proposons donc une description détaillée de 784 verbes fréquemment utilisés en français contemporain, en utilisant des exemples attestés dans divers corpus (écrits et oraux), en distinguons les emplois qui favorisent le ø de ceux qui le défavorisent, nous voudrons reconsidérer la distinction traditionnelle entre les verbes " transitifs " et " intransitifs "
Some verbal constructions allow for the omission of the direct object without modifying the verbal valency structure, as in the example je mange ø (the ø mark thereby represents the omitted direct object in the valency structure). In the present work the existence of ø is being justified by means of the " coordination test " : je fume ø et même des cigares vs? La cheminée fume et même ça, arguing that the ø is part of the direct object of paradigm, we propose in the following a detailed analysis of its particularity by comparing it to other linguistic forms, such as the pronouns le, la les and ça in order to study the use of ø we differentiate between three levels of analysis of its particularity by comparing it to other linguistic forms, such as the pronouns Le, La, Les and ça. In order to study the use of ø we differentiate between three levels of analysis: A-the level of the verbal valency, B-the level of the syntactic context, and C-the level of the discursive and pragmatic context whilst acknowledging the importance of the contextual factors, this work explains the phenomenon of the ø above all in elation to the criterion of the verbal valency. It proposes therefore a detailed description of the use of 785 verbs chosen from various corpuses (both written and spoken), allowing for the distinction between those constructions that are favouring the use of ø and those that are not. The description leads us to reconsider the traditional classification of “transitive and “intransitive” verbs and to propose a dictionary of verbal valency

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Malessa, Michael. "Untersuchungen zur verbalen Valenz im biblischen Hebräisch /." Assen : Van Gorcum, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40189482r.

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Hauch, Valerie [Verfasser]. "Meta-analyses on the detection of deception with linguistic and verbal content cues / Valerie Hauch." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1122432925/34.

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Paillet, Alain Antoine. "La valence des verbes dans la traduction automatique par ordinateur (TAO) de l'allemand vers le francais /." Aachen : Shaker, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009530593&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Butulussi, Eleni. "Studien zur Valenz kognitiver Verben im Deutschen und Neugriechischen /." Tübingen : M. Niemeyer, 1991. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb354954614.

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Menezes, da Silva Gilcélia de. "A valência do predicador CHAMAR na diacronia do português." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269127.

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Orientador: Maria Clara Paixão de Sousa
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T08:13:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MenezesdaSilva_Gilceliade_M.pdf: 1847278 bytes, checksum: 6b191641e44f5685bf5ada8d6aa15e39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Nos estágios atuais da língua, as gramáticas brasileiras e portuguesas descrevem o CHAMAR como o único verbo do Português a ter um Predicativo do Objeto Indireto. O problema inicial desta pesquisa surgiu a partir dessa singularidade atribuída ao verbo CHAMAR quando predicador de construções denominativas, e se constitui em compreender quais foram os fatores que levaram o CHAMAR a ter, ao longo do tempo, esse comportamento diferenciado de todos os outros verbos da língua. Assim, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo descrever gramaticalmente o predicador CHAMAR quando este significa "qualificar"; "atribuir um nome, denominar"; "autodenominar-se" e "possuir um nome", tendo como base as narrativas portuguesas escritas nos séculos 14, 15 e 16. As construções com CHAMAR aqui descritas foram denominadas de construções de semântica denominativa e apresentam as seguintes estruturas básicas: [X V (a) Y (de) Z] em construções transitivo-ativas e [Y V-se Z]; [Y V Z] e [V Z] em construções não-transitivas (estativas/passivas), onde X= "Agente" (aquele que "executa a ação" expressa pelo verbo); Y= "Designando", (aquele que recebe a denominação dada); e Z= "Designação" (a denominação propriamente dita). A partir dos questionamentos iniciais levantados, partiu-se para um estudo sobre a valência do CHAMAR quando principal predicador de construções denominativas procurando identificar os padrões de ocorrência dessas construções nos textos. Nos séculos 14 e 15 o CHAMAR convivia com outros predicadores denominativos e estes foram substituídos na diacronia, transformando o CHAMAR no principal predicador de construções denominativas. O CHAMAR denominativo pode ser "qualificativo", i.e., quando atribui uma qualidade; ou "denominativo" propriamente dito, ou seja, quando atribui um nome. As estruturas com CHAMAR "qualificativo" apresentam a Designação (Z) como um adjetivo predicativo e, portanto selecionam como argumento uma Small Clause ("e porém lhe chama a estória filho de perdição" - CGE). Já as estruturas com CHAMAR "denominativo" apresentam a Designação (Z) como um nome próprio ("e por isso lhe chamaram Dom Sancho, o Desejado" - CGE) e, portanto não selecionam uma Small Clause como argumento. Neste tipo de construções o CHAMAR se caracteriza como um verbo de atribuição, tal como DAR, OFERECER, apresentando valência três [Agente] [V] [Designando] [Designação]. As construções transitivo-ativas apresentam como principal padrão de expressão argumental aquele em que o argumento que mais aparece nulo e o Agente (X), e o Designando Y (Objeto) ocupa a posição a esquerda de proeminência discursiva (Y V __ Z), acompanhando dessa forma as principais características da frase na Gramática do Português Médio, defendidas por Paixão de Sousa (2008). A partir desse padrão dos verbos no PM propõe-se que as construções estativas do tipo [Y V Z] ("Ela chama Maria") atestadas atualmente no PB são derivadas das construções ativas do tipo [Y V __ Z] do PM, com o sujeito Agente nulo e o "constituinte discursivamente importante" ocupando a posição imediata a esquerda do verbo, alterando assim a Valencia de CHAMAR de três para dois
Abstract: Current grammar books of both Brazilian and European varieties of Portuguese describe CHAMAR ('call') as the only Portuguese verb having a predicate nominative of an indirect object. The initial problem of this research is to understand which factors have driven CHAMAR to have a differentiated behavior with respect to other verbs of the language because of its singularity as a predicator of denominative constructions. Therefore, the present work aims at grammatically describing predicator CHAMAR when it means "to qualify", "to assign a name, to denominate", "to self-denominate" and "to have a name", based on Portuguese narratives written in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries. The constructions with CHAMAR described here were called 'constructions with denominative semantics' and display the following basic structures: [X V (a) Y (de) Z] in active-transitive constructions and [Y V-se Z]; [Y V Z] and [V Z] in non-transitive constructions (stative/passive). Where X= "Agent" (the participant that "executes the action" expressed by the verb), Y= "Designee" (the participant that receives the given denomination) and Z= "Designation" (the actual denomination). After presenting the initial research questions, the text displays the results of a study about the valency of CHAMAR as the main predicator in denominative constructions and tries to identify the distribution patterns of these constructions in the texts. In the 14th and 15th centuries CHAMAR existed along with other denominative predicators, but these ones were substituted in diachrony; as a result, CHAMAR has become the main predicator of denominative constructions. Denominative CHAMAR can be "qualificative", i.e. when it assigns a quality; or properly "denominative", it means, when it assigns a name. The structures with "qualificative" CHAMAR present the Designation (Z) as a predicate adjective and therefore they select a Small Clause as an argument: e porém lhe chama a estória filho de perdição (CGE) ('and however the story calls him the son of perdition'). On the other hand the structures with "denominative" CHAMAR display the designation (Z) as a given name: e por isso lhe chamaram Dom Sancho, o Desejado (CGE) ('and because of that they called him Dom Sancho, the Desired One') and, therefore, they do not select a Small Clause as an argument. In this type of constructions CHAMAR is characterized as a verb of giving, such as DAR ('give') and OFERECER ('offer'), showing valency = 3: [Agent] [V] [Designee] [Designation]. Active-transitive constructions present the following main pattern of argument expression: the Agent (X) is more frequently null, and the Designee Y (Object) occupies a position of discursive prominence to the left (Y V __ Z). In this sense, it follows the main characteristics of the sentence in Middle Portuguese (MP) Grammar, as argued by Paixao de Sousa (2008). From such a pattern in MP we propose that stative constructions of the type [Y V Z] instantiated in Ela chama Maria ('she is called Mary') in nowadays Brazilian Portuguese are derived from active constructions of the type [Y V __ Z] in MP, with the Agent subject null and the "discursively most important constituent" occupying the immediate position to the left of the verb. In this way the valency of CHAMAR was changed from 3 to 2
Mestrado
Linguistica
Mestre em Linguística

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Kokashvili, Sophio. "Syntaxe et sémantique des verbes de déplacement, de mouvement et de position en français et en géorgien modernes." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040224.

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Cette étude, qui se situe dans les domaines de la morphosyntaxe et de la sémantique, tente de montrer quels sont les constituants qui entrent en jeu dans la sémantique de la relation locative des verbes de déplacement, de mouvement et de position en français et en géorgien. Sémantiquement, le signifié lexical de chaque verbe présenté implique un sème locatif et un certain nombre d’arguments, faisant référence à des entités qui jouent chacune un rôle précis dans ce type d’événement signifié par le verbe. Cette relation unit également d’autres éléments: les préverbes et les adpositions (prépositions/postposition). Les relations construites à trois et à deux arguments dans les deux langues font intervenir les phénomènes de la valence et de la diathèse. La valence verbale désigne de la manière la plus générale l’aptitude combinatoire de ces verbes, et la diathèse renvoie à une opération morphosyntaxique d’augmentation et de réduction de la valence verbale. L’expression du déplacement, du mouvement et de la position relève des propriétés sémantiques comme la trajectoire, la manière, le lieu de localisation, l’intentionnalité et des propriétés aspectuelles. Cette étude contrastive propose, d’une part, une description des verbes de déplacement, de mouvement et de position du français et du géorgien et, d’autre part, relève les différences et les similitudes morphosyntaxiques, sémantiques et combinatoires spécifiques comme le rôle des préverbes, des adpositions, des arguments locatifs, ainsi que l’importance de ces verbes dans l’expression du déplacement, du mouvement et de la position
The present study develops a general typology of movement, motion and position verbs in modern French and Georgian. Working in a morphosyntactic and semantic perspective, I attempt to trace the constituents that are involved in the semantics of locative relations with movement, motion and position verbs in both languages. From a semantic point of view, the lexical meaning of each verb included in the corpus implies a locative seme and a certain number of arguments referring to entities that play a definite role in the particular event signified by the verb. The same relation occurs between other elements of the sentence: preverbs and adpositions (prepositions/postpositions). In both languages, two- and three-argument relations trigger phenomena known as valence and diathesis. Verbal valence indicates, at the most general level, the combinatory aptitude of a verb, while diathesis refers to morphosyntacic operation of augmentation and reduction of verbal valence. The expression of movement, motion and position implies semantic properties such as trajectory, manner of motion, spatial place, intentionality and the aspectual properties of movement and motion verbs. A contrastive study allowed us, on the one hand, a description of movement, motion and position verbs in both languages, and on the other hand to pinpoint specific morphosyntactic, semantic and combinatory differences and similarities, such as the tole of preverb, adpositions, locative arguments, and appreciate how verbs enter in the expression of movement, motion and position

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Walder, Renate. "Fokus på föra : om svenska funktionsverbsfrasers semantik och valens, med särskild utgångspunkt i verbet föra = Föra im Fokus : Semantik und Valenz schwedischer Funktionsverbgefüge, mit Ausgangspunkt im Verb föra /." Uppsala : Institutionen för nordiska språk, Uppsla universitet, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4711.

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Pantel, Evelina [Verfasser]. "Valenz im ,Smysl-Tekst'-Modell : Eine konfrontative Analyse russischer und polnischer Verben / Evelina Pantel." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1993. http://d-nb.info/1165480506/34.

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Querol, Bataller María. "Estudio general y holístico de los sustantivos verbales: génesis, significación, valencia, funcionalidad comunicativa y variación interlingüística." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10334.

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Existe una bibliografía muy extensa sobre los sustantivos verbales, pues estos han sido estudiados en relación con los diferentes componentes de la lengua semántico, sintáctico, fonológico desde una perspectiva inter e intralingüística y también desde diferentes paradigmas epistemológicos Gramática Generativa, Gramática Funcional, Gramática Cognitiva, por citar algunos. Todos ellos meritorios trabajos, pero que, sin embargo, muestran una visión sesgada de la realidad que representan los sustantivos verbales, pues, en la mayoría de los casos se refieren solo a una parte de ellos o de sus realizaciones.En este sentido, cabe decir que si bien es cierto que el objetivo inicial de nuestra investigación se limitaba al ámbito de la valencia de los sustantivos verbales, pronto nos dimos cuenta de que el avance en dicho objetivo implicaba también responder a cuestiones como ¿qué son realidad los sustantivos verbales?, ¿cómo y para qué se forman en nuestra conciencia lingüística?, ¿a qué obedecen las diferencias rei-teradamente señaladas entre aquellas unidades que intuitivamente reconocemos como sustantivos verbales? En definitiva, la valencia, aunque significativo, es solo uno de los aspectos que atañe a los sustantivos verbales y, en nuestra opinión, no podíamos explicar y justificar convenientemente esta si no resolvíamos cuestiones como las antes mencionadas no en vano partimos de una concepción holística del lenguaje, según la cual cognición, función y forma constituyen una unidad indisociable. Así pues, en lugar de acotar nuestra investigación a un único aspecto formas de creación, significado, valencia, uso o comparación interlingüística, creímos imprescindible considerar todos ellos de forma conjunta, a sabiendas de la dificultad y el riesgo que una investigación doctoral de tales características implica. Por otra parte, pese a la cantidad de trabajos realizados en torno a los sustan-tivos verbales, hasta la fecha no conocíamos la existencia de ninguno que sintetizara el conjunto de sus propiedades; como consecuencia de ello, es necesario recurrir a artículos especializados sobre cada uno de los aspectos antes especificados, cada uno de los cuales, además, con su propia adscripción epistemológica. Así pues, esta investiga-ción aspiraba a llenar este vacío, o, al menos, a evidenciar tal carencia. En consecuencia, a lo largo de esta señalamos los aspectos ya estudiados, aquellos olvida-dos y aquellos que deben ser reformulados. Por ello, este trabajo se articula en torno a los aspectos que hemos considerado más relevantes para comprender el fenómeno que subyace a la creación de los sustantivos verbales, si bien se estudian de forma individualizada en cada capítulo. Cada uno de ellos, después de una revisión crítica de la bibliografía existente sobre dicha cuestión, se explica siguiendo los postulados de la Gramática Cognitivo-Perceptiva.
There is a extensive literature about verbal nouns, These have been studied in relation with different components of language syntax, morphology, semantics , from a inter and intralinguistic perspective and according to different theoretical frameworks Generative Grammar, Functional Grammar, Cognitive Grammar... Most of them are excellent and valuable works, although, from our personal point of view, the wast majority of these works just refers to some part of them or their realisations. Consequently, they show just a small portion of what verbal nouns really are.Initially the target of our research was limited to verbal noun's valency, however, soon we realised that our research implies answer questions like: How and for what verbal nouns are created? What does verbal nouns mean?, Why there are so many formal and semantic differences among them? We concluded that valency, even noteworthy is just one of the many issues that concerns to verbal nouns. Consequently, we can not properly explain and justify these unless we previously had answered questions such as those above mentioned. Therefore, instead of delimiting our research to just one iusse ways of creation, meaning, valency, use or crosslinguistic comparison decided to consider all of them.On the other hand, in spite of the large amount of works about verbal nouns, we did not know any work that synthesise the whole set of properties of verbal nouns. As a result of this, it is necessary to check specialised articles or contributions about any of the issues above mentioned; which, besides, are drawn up according to different theoretical frameworks. Due to this, one of the goals of this research also was compensate for this lack. Because of this, the present work is organised in different chapters, one of which show one relevant issue of verbal nouns. However, all of them, after a critical review of the bibliography related to, are explained in terms of Cognitive-Perceptive Grammar.

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Ferraro, Gabriela. "Towards deep content extraction from specialized discourse : the case of verbal relations in patent claims." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84174.

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This thesis addresses the problem of the development of Natural Language Processing techniques for the extraction and generalization of compositional and functional relations from specialized written texts and, in particular, from patent claims. One of the most demanding tasks tackled in the thesis is, according to the state of the art, the semantic generalization of linguistic denominations of relations between object components and processes described in the texts. These denominations are usually verbal expressions or nominalizations that are too concrete to be used as standard labels in knowledge representation forms -as, for example, “A leads to B”, and “C provokes D”, where “leads to” and “provokes” both express, in abstract terms, a cause, such that in both cases “A CAUSE B” and “C CAUSE D” would be more appropriate. A semantic generalization of the relations allows us to achieve a higher degree of abstraction of the relationships between objects and processes described in the claims and reduces their number to a limited set that is oriented towards relations as commonly used in the generic field of knowledge representation.
Esta tesis se centra en el del desarrollo de tecnologías del Procesamiento del Lenguage Natural para la extracción y generalización de relaciones encontradas en textos especializados; concretamente en las reivindicaciones de patentes. Una de las tareas más demandadas de nuestro trabajo, desde el punto vista del estado de la cuestión, es la generalización de las denominaciones lingüísticas de las relaciones. Estas denominaciones, usualmente verbos, son demasiado concretas para ser usadas como etiquetas de relaciones en el contexto de la representación del conocimiento; por ejemplo, “A lleva a B”, “B es el resultado de A” están mejor representadas por “A causa B”. La generalización de relaciones permite reducir el n\'umero de relaciones a un conjunto limitado, orientado al tipo de relaciones utilizadas en el campo de la representación del conocimiento.

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Börstell, Carl. "Object marking in the signed modality : Verbal and nominal strategies in Swedish Sign Language and other sign languages." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-141669.

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In this dissertation, I investigate various aspects of object marking and how these manifest themselves in the signed modality. The main focus is on Swedish Sign Language (SSL), the national sign language of Sweden, which is the topic of investigation in all five studies. Two of the studies adopt a comparative perspective, including other sign languages as well. The studies comprise a range of data, including corpus data, elicited production, and acceptability judgments, and combine quantitative and qualitative methods in the analyses. The dissertation begins with an overview of the topics of valency, argument structure, and object marking, primarily from a spoken language perspective. Here, the interactions between semantics and morphosyntax are presented from a typological perspective, introducing differential object marking as a key concept. With regard to signed language, object marking is discussed in terms of both verbal and nominal strategies. Verbal strategies of object marking among sign languages include directional verbs, object handshape classifiers, and embodied perspective in signing. The first study investigates the use of directionality and object handshapes as object marking strategies in Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language (ABSL), Israeli Sign Language (ISL), and SSL. It is shown that the strategies generally display different alignments in terms of the types of objects targeted, which is uniform across languages, but that directionality is much more marginal in ABSL than in the other two languages. Also, we see that there is a connection between object marking strategies and the animacy of the object, and that the strategies, object animacy, and word order preferences interact. In the second and third studies, SSL is investigated with regard to the transitive–reflexive distinction. Here, we see that there are interactional effects between object handshapes and the perspective taken by the signer. This points to intricate iconic motivations of combining and structuring complex verb sequences, such as giving preference to agent focusing structures (e.g., agent perspective and handling handshapes). Furthermore, the use of space is identified as a crucial strategy for reference tracking, especially when expressing semantically transitive events. Nominal strategies include object pronouns and derivations of the sign PERSON. The fourth study provides a detailed account of the object pronoun OBJPRO in SSL, which is the first in-depth description of this sign. It is found that the sign is in widespread use in SSL, often corresponds closely to object pronouns of spoken Swedish, and is argued to be grammaticalized from the lexical sign PERSON. In the final study, the possible existence of object pronouns in other sign languages is investigated by using a sample of 24 languages. This analysis reveals that the feature is found mostly in the Nordic countries, suggesting areal contact phenomena. However, the study also shows that there are a number of derivations of PERSON, such as reflexive pronouns, agreement auxiliaries, and case markers. The use of PERSON as a source of grammaticalization for these functions is attributed to both semantic and phonological properties of the sign. This dissertation is unique in that it is dedicated to the topic of object marking in the signed modality. It brings a variety of perspectives and methods together in order to investigate the domain of object marking, cross-linguistically and cross-modally.

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Pardo, Henoch Camila. "Sobre la juridicidad del secreto de los antecedentes de la Comisión Valech I." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/150286.

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Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
En el presente trabajo de tesis se propone como objetivo dar una respuesta jurídica a la pregunta sobre la legitimidad del secreto de los archivos de la Comisión de Prisión Política y Tortura (Comisión Valech I) establecido por el artículo 15 de la Ley N°19.992, a la luz del Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos, en específico de los estándares del Derecho a la Verdad en el Sistema Interamericano. La necesidad de esta respuesta se enmarca en la controversia que ha existido desde el establecimiento del secreto hasta la actualidad. Por una parte, de las posturas a favor, se sostiene como principal fundamento jurídico la protección de la intimidad de las víctimas; mientras que, entre los argumentos que sustentan posturas contrarias, está el derecho a saber la verdad de lo ocurrido. Si el secreto protege efectivamente la intimidad de las víctimas y como afecta al Derecho a la Verdad, serán cuestiones a examinar en este trabajo. Considerando no solo lo más evidente, la afectación al Derecho individual a la Verdad a través del impedimento a los tribunales de justicia a los archivos de la Comisión Valech I, si no que también, las consecuencias sobre el Derecho colectivo a la Verdad, cuya titularidad reside en la sociedad. Para entender el conflicto y sus alcances, se aborda el cuerpo normativo fuente del secreto y objeto de análisis, la Ley N°19.992. Así como también se trata el Decreto Supremo que crea la Comisión Valech I, como antecedente relevante para aportar herramientas al debate y ayudar a entender las diferencias entre la reserva y el secreto, ambas soluciones posibles a la protección de la intimidad de las víctimas. Para ayudar a resolver el cuestionamiento, se establece a qué obliga el Derecho a la Verdad en el Sistema Interamericano, es decir, cuáles son los estándares concretos con los que debe cumplir el Estado. De esta manera, son utilizados para el análisis comparativo con el artículo 15 de la Ley N°19.992 y así se logra determinar el cumplimiento o incumplimiento de la normativa internacional por parte del Estado.

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Simon, Camille. "Morphosyntaxe et sémantique grammaticale du salar et du tibétain de l'Amdo : analyse d'un contact de langues." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA124/document.

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La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre plus vaste de la description des langues de l’aire linguistique Amdo. Cette région est caractérisée par la présence de langues sinitiques, mongoliques, tibétiques et turciques et, pour le salar et le tibétain, une situation de contact linguistique long d’environ sept siècles. Le salar est l’une des langues turciques les moins décrites et elle présente de nombreuses particularités dues à son isolement par rapport aux autres langues turciques. Il n’existe pas non plus de description des variétés de tibétain parlées dans la région salarophone, périphérique dans la tibétosphère. La perspective que nous adoptons ici est donc à la fois descriptive et comparative. Après un exposé des caractéristiques historiques et sociolinguistiques de cette situation de contact, nous analysons de façon détaillée des catégories grammaticales indexées dans le syntagme nominal et dans le prédicat. En particulier, nous proposons une nouvelle analyse des morphèmes de Temps-Aspect-Mode en salar et montrons que cette langue a copié en partie ses catégories évidentielles sur le modèle de celles du tibétain de l’Amdo. Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux problématiques liées à la valence verbale et aux effets du contact linguistique sur l’organisation accusative et ergative qui caractérisent respectivement le salar et le tibétain de l’Amdo. Nous analysons les marques casuelles à la fois comme relateurs, au sein du prédicat verbal, mais également comme converbe ou au sein des formes converbiales. Enfin, nous décrivons les catégories de voix grammaticalisées en salar et en tibétain, et montrons que celles-ci sont quasiment identiques dans les deux langues
This study falls within the larger description of the languages of the Amdo linguistic area. This area is characterized by the coexistence of Sinitic, Mongolic, Tibetic and Turkic languages, and, regarding Salar and Tibetan, an approximately seven-century-long contact situation. Salar language remains one of the less described Turkic languages and, because of its isolation from the other Turkic languages, displays many specificities. There exists no description of the Amdo-Tibetan variety spoken in the Salar-speaking region either, this region being very peripheral in the Tibetosphere. The perspective taken in this study is thus both descriptive and comparative. After a depiction of the historical and sociolinguistic characteristics of this contact-situation, we analyse in detail the grammatical categories indexed in the nominal phrase and in the predicate. Notably, we suggest a new analysis of the Tense-Aspect-Mood morphemes in Salar and we show that the Amdo-Tibetan evidential categories have been partly copied in Salar. Then, the question of verb valency is addressed, and the effects of language contact on the Turkic accusative and on the Tibetic ergative organisation are explored. We analyze the case markers not only as markers of syntactic dependancy within the verb predicate, but also in their role as or in converbs. Finally, we describe the grammatical voices attested in Salar and in Amdo Tibetan, and show that the syntactic and semantic characteristics are almost identical in the two languages

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Cristóvão, Heloá Ferreira. "Estudo de verbos codificadores de extensão ou escala no jogo da linguagem: uma perspectiva funcionalista." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/6263.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Heloa Ferreira Cristovao.pdf: 812841 bytes, checksum: 71e524e49439abe4acf2da511e7345ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-05
A maioria dos gramáticos acolhe os verbos em duas sessões: uma que trata de aspectos morfológicos; em seguida, dentro de uma perspectiva sintático-semântica, que aborda os verbos quanto à predicação. Isso se configura um problema nesse modelo de análise, visto que, ao considerar os verbos como elementos discretos, em frases descontextualizadas, não se consideram as relações morfológicas, sintáticas, semânticas, pragmáticas e discursivas que só podem ser observadas a partir da língua em uso, dentro do jogo combinatório da linguagem. A partir dessas considerações, a concepção de língua que adotamos se coaduna com aquela proposta pelo Funcionalismo, que defende os estudos de fenômenos linguísticos a partir da análise das estruturas em uso real, priorizando as relações que se estabelecem no contexto comunicativo. Igualmente importante, foi o estudo da estrutura argumental da oração, formada pelo verbo e seus selecionados elementos obrigatórios (argumentos). Com relação aos verbos que serão objeto da pesquisa, orientamo-nos pela classificação realizada por Azeredo (2004, p.180), baseada na proposta de estudo de Cano Aguilar (1981) para a língua espanhola, que arrolou o grupo de verbos codificadores de extensão ou escala no português, entre eles: atravessar, percorrer, subir, abraçar, presidir, contornar, ocupar, preencher, inundar, medir 1 (ele mediu um terreno), medir 2 (o terreno mede 160 m), valer e durar (a viagem durou 80 dias). Em nossa pesquisa, analisaremos a transitividade de um recorte desse grupo, composto pelos verbos subir, ocupar, medir, durar, valer e seu uso na língua portuguesa, que, juntamente com a escolha do referencial teórico, justificam a importância deste estudo, visto que esse fenômeno é mais bem observado em condições reais de comunicação. O corpus é constituído de textos do âmbito jornalístico escrito e o levantamento de dados foi realizado por meio de ferramenta de pesquisa on-line no acervo digital da Revista Veja. Esperamos que o resultado desta pesquisa evidencie que um estudo que tenha como ponto de partida a língua em uso vá muito além das proposições das gramáticas
The most of grammarians welcome verbs in two sessions, namely: the first that deals with morphological aspects, then within a syntactic-semantic perspective, which deals with verbs as the predication. This creates the problem of proposal analysis, given that when considering verbs as discrete elements in non-contextualized sentences, the relationships are not considered morphological, syntactic, semantic, pragmatic and discoursive that can only be observed from the language in use, in game combinatorial language. From these considerations, the design language we adopt is consistent with that proposed by functionalism, which advocates the study of linguistic phenomena from the analysis of the structures in actual use, prioritizing the relationships established in the communicative context. Equally important was the study of argument structure of sentence, formed by the verb and its selected elements required (arguments). With respect to verbs that will be the object of research, we look to the classification performed by Azeredo (2004, p.180), based on the study proposal of Cano Aguilar (1981) for the Spanish language, that enrolled a group of verbs encoders of extent or scale in Portuguese, among them: cross, roam, rise, embrace, preside, contour, occupy, fill, flood, measure 1 (he measured a piece of land), measure 2 (the land measures 160 m), earn and last (the trip lasted 80 days). In our research, we analyze the transitivity of a clipping of this group, consisting of the verbs rise, occupy, measure, last, earn and their use in the Portuguese language, which, together with the choice of theoretical, justify the importance of this study, since this phenomenon is best observed in real communication. The corpus is composed of texts within the journalistic writing and data collection was conducted through a research tool on-line in digital collection of Veja Magazine. We hope that the result of this research it is clear that a study has as starting point the language used go far beyond the propositions of grammars

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Santiago, Márcio Sales. "Unidades fraseológicas especializadas em tutoriais de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem : proposta de um sistema classificatório com base na valência verbal." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/72745.

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Esta tese objetiva descrever a constituição e o papel de unidades fraseológicas presentes em tutoriais de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem da Educação a Distância (EAD). O surgimento do ensino-aprendizagem mediado por ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem na internet foi um marco para o domínio da EAD, em que pese a mudança conceitual de sua terminologia. Desse modo, percebeu-se que, a partir da inclusão do computador e da internet, a EAD passou a criar, a adaptar e a tomar de empréstimo termos e fraseologias específicas de áreas correlatas, principalmente da informática. A pesquisa se apoia nos fundamentos teóricos da Teoria de Valências, especialmente na classificação sintático-semântica dos verbos proposta por Borba (1996), bem como na Fraseologia Especializada, considerando a denominação de Cabré, Estopà e Lorente (1996) e as concepções de Gouadec (1994), Desmet (2002) e Bevilacqua (2004). Partiu-se do entendimento basilar que as unidades fraseológicas especializadas correspondem aos modos de expressão essenciais de uma dada área de especialidade, visto que têm a função de transmitir conhecimento especializado. O corpus da pesquisa é constituído de tutoriais de ambientes virtuais de aprendizagem. Cumpre salientar que estes textos objetivam primordialmente a instrumentalização de professores, tutores e alunos para a utilização de um sistema informatizado baseado em conceitos da EAD. Executou-se a análise do corpus com o auxílio da ferramenta AntConc 3.2.3w, a fim de identificar e descrever os padrões lexicais, gramaticais e linguísticos dos dados. Em seguida, as informações foram armazenadas em fichas elaboradas em uma base de dados construída no programa Microsoft Access 2010. Mediante o desenvolvimento da investigação, pôde-se definir as unidades fraseológicas presentes em tutoriais como operacionais-pedagógicas, considerando as ações e procedimentos que elas expressam. Através desse resultado, foi possível estabelecer subcategorias para essas unidades fraseológicas especializadas, segundo seu grau de importância no ambiente virtual e sua utilização pelos usuários, o que possibilitou à proposição de um sistema classificatório.
This thesis aims at describing the composition and the role of phraseological units found in virtual environment tutorials of Distance Education (DE) courses. The emergence of education mediated by virtual learning environments on the Internet was a milestone for the DE field, in spite of the conceptual change of its terminology. Therefore, the widespread of computers and the Internet facilitated the expansion of DE and gave rise to the creation, adaptation and borrowing of specific terms and phraseologies from related areas, especially informatics. This research is grounded on the theoretical assumptions of the Valency Theory, and mostly the syntactic-semantic classification of verbs proposed by Borba (1996), as well as on Specialized Phraseology, considering the denomination found in Cabré, Estopà and Lorente (1996) and the concepts found in Gouadec (1994), Desmet (2002) and Bevilacqua (2004). The understanding that specialized phraseological units correspond to the essential modes of expression of a given specialty area was the point of departure for this study, as these units play an important role in transmitting expert knowledge. The corpus used for this research is comprised by tutorials found virtual learning environments. It is also relevant to note that the texts are primarily directed to the instrumentalization of professors, tutors and students for the utilization of a computerized system based on DE concepts. In order to identify and describe the lexical, grammatical and linguistic patterns found in the data, the corpus was analyzed with the aid of a tool called AntConc 3.2.3w. Afterwards, the data was stored in files in a database built using Microsoft Access 2010. By considering the actions and procedures which are expressed by the phraseological units present in the tutorials, the ones classified as operational-pedagogical were defined. Through this result, it was possible to establish subcategories for these specialized phraseological units according to their level of importance in the virtual environment and its utilization by the users, which, in turn, made it possible to propose a classification system.
El objetivo principal de esta tesis es describir la formación y el papel de las unidades fraseológicas presentes en los tutoriales de los ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje de la Educación a Distancia (ED). El surgimiento de la enseñanza – aprendizaje mediada a través de ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje en Internet constituyó un hito de la Educación a Distancia, a pesar del cambio conceptual de su terminología. Así, se observó que, a partir de la inclusión del computador e Internet, la ED comenzó a crear, adaptar y tomar prestados términos y unidades fraseológicas específicas de dominios afines, especialmente del dominio de la informática. Esta investigación se enmarca en los fundamentos de la Teoría de las Valencias, específicamente en la clasificación sintáctico-semántica de los verbos propuesta por Borba (1996), así como la Fraseología Especializada planteada por Cabré, Estopà y Lorente (1996) y los estudios realizados por Gouadec (1994), Desmet (2002) y Bevilacqua (2004). Esta investigación parte de la base de que las unidades fraseológicas especializadas corresponden a modos de expresión específicos de un dominio de especialidad, debido a que tienen la función de transmitir conocimiento especializado. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se recopiló un corpus de tutoriales de ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje. Cabe resaltar que los textos que conforman el corpus cumplen con el objetivo de instruir a profesores, tutores y estudiantes para utilizar un sistema informatizado basado en conceptos de la ED. El análisis del corpus se realizó con la ayuda de la herramienta AntConc 3.2.3w, con el fin de identificar y describir los patrones lexicales, gramaticales y lingüísticos de los datos, los cuales se organizaron en una base de datos elaborada con el programa Microsoft Access 2010. El desarrollo de la investigación permitió definir las unidades fraseológicas presentes en los tutoriales como operaciones pedagógicas, teniendo en cuenta las acciones y procedimientos que dichas unidades expresan. A partir de este resultado se establecieron subcategorías para las unidades fraseológicas especializadas, de acuerdo con su grado de importancia en el entorno virtual y su utilización por parte de los usuarios, lo cual permitió la propuesta de un sistema de clasificación.

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Henadeerage, Kumara, and kumara henadeerage@anu edu au. "Topics in Sinhala Syntax." The Australian National University. Faculty of Arts, 2002. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20060426.142352.

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This study is a detailed investigation of a number of issues in colloquial Sinhala morphosyntax. These issues primarily concern grammatical relations, argument structure, phrase structure and focus constructions. The theoretical framework of this study is Lexical Functional Grammar.¶Chapter 1 introduces the issues to be discussed, followed by a brief introduction of some essential aspects of colloquial Sinhala as background for the discussion in the following chapters. In Chapter 2 we present basic concepts of the theoretical framework of Lexical Functional Grammar.¶ The next three chapters mainly concern grammatical relations, argument structure and clause structure in colloquial Sinhala. Chapter 3 examines grammatical relations. The main focus lies in establishing the subject grammatical relation in terms of various subjecthood diagnostics. We show that only a very small number of diagnostics are reliable, and that the evidence for subject is weaker than assumed previously. All the subjecthood diagnostics that were examined select the most prominent argument in the argument structure as the subject, i.e. 'logical subject'. However, there appear to be no processes in the language that are sensitive to the subject in the grammatical relations structure, i.e. 'gr-subject'. Further, there is no evidence for other grammatical relations like objects. In Chapter 4 we discuss the agentless construction and related valency alternation phenomena. It was previously assumed that the agentless construction, valency alternation phenomena and the involitive construction are all related. We argue that the agentless construction should be treated as a different construction from the involitive construction. We also show that the agentless construction and the involitive construction have contrasting characteristics, and that treatment of them as separate constructions can account for some phenomena which did not receive an explanation previously. The valency alternation phenomena are related to the agentless construction, therefore there is no valency alternation in involitive constructions. It will be shown that verbs undergoing the valency alternation can be distinguished from the other verbs in terms of the lexical semantic properties of individual verbs. Chapter 5 examines the structure of non-verbal sentences in terms of a number of morphosyntactic phenomena. It was previously argued that verbal sentences and non-verbal sentences in colloquial Sinhala differ in terms of clause structure. However, the present study shows evidence to the contrary.¶ The next two chapters deal with modelling contrastive focus and the phrase structure of the language. Chapter 6 is a detailed analysis of the contrastive focus (cleft) construction in various clause types in the language, and proposes a unified syntactic treatment of contrastive focus. Contrastive focus is in some constructions morphologically encoded, while in others it involves both morphological and configurational assignment of focus. The complex interaction between focus markers and verb morphology in various focus constructions is accounted for by general well-formedness conditions applying to the f-structure, and the principles of Functional Uncertainty and Morphological Blocking. In Chapter 7, we discuss the phrase structure of the language, in particular such issues as its non-configurational nature and the lack of evidence for VP. We propose non-configurational S and some functional projections to account for word order freedom under S and to explain certain morphosyntactic phenomena, such as configurational focus assignment. Finally, Chapter 8 summarises the conclusions made in previous chapters.

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Bourmayan, Anouch. "Les objets implicites en français : une approche pragmatique." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0080.

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Ma thèse porte sur les arguments objets implicites en français, c'est-à-dire sur les constituants de sens qui sont paraphrasables par des compléments d'objet directs et portent donc le rôle sémantique d'argument objet, mais ne sont pas réalisés phonologiquement. Plus particulièrement, je me focalise sur deux types d'objets implicites, à savoir d'une part les objets implicites paraphrasables par des expressions indéfinies, ou objets implicites indéfinis (OIIs), et d'autre part les objets implicites paraphrasables par des expressions définies, ou objets implicites définis (OIDs). Je défends l'idée que la capacité d'un verbe à admettre des OIIs ou des OIDs n'est pas déterminée lexicalement, mais en fonction de nécessités communicationnelles. Ainsi, je conteste l'hypothèse largement répandue selon laquelle certains verbes dits "transitifs" requièrent lexicalement un argument objet sémantique et un complément d'objet direct syntaxique, et je redéfinis la notion de transitivité comme une propriété des tokens et non des types de verbes. Dans cette perspective, les verbes sont lexicalement avalents -ou tout au plus monovalents, si l'on prend en compte l'argument d'événement -et peuvent ou non mettre enjeu un argument objet et un complément d'objet direct selon leur contexte d'apparition. Je distingue les OIIs par défaut et les OIIs spécialisés: je décris les OIIs par défaut comme résultant d'un mécanisme de développement du contenu conceptuel du verbe, tandis que les OIIs spécialisés apparaissent par un phénomène d'enrichissement pragmatique des OIIs par défaut. Enfin, je propose un mécanisme de type situationnel pour rendre compte de l'apparition des OIDs
My thesis bears on implicit object arguments in French, i. E. On meaning constituents that can be paraphrased with direct objects and thus bear the semantic role of object argument, but are not phonologically realized. More specifically, I focus on two types of implicit objects in French, namely on one side implicit objects paraphrasable with indefinite expressions, or indefinite implicit objects (IIOs), and on the other side implicit objects paraphrasable with definite expressions, or definite implicit objects (DIOs). I argue that the ability of a verb to admit IIOs or DIOs is not determined lexically, but following communicational constraints. Thus, I challenge the widespread assumption that so-called 'transitive' verbs lexically require a semantic object argument and a syntactic direct object, and I redefine the notion of transitivity as a property of verb tokens rather than of verb types. In this perspective, verbs are lexically avalent -or at most monovalent, if one takes into account the event argument -and they may or not involve an object argument and a direct object depending on their context of use. I distinguish between default IIOs and specialized IIOs: I describe default 1I0s as resulting from a mechanism of unfolding of the conceptual content of the verb, while specialized IIOs appear via a phenomenon of pragmatic enrichment of default 1I0s. Finally, I put forward a situation-theoretic mechanism to account for the arising of DIOs

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Sörensen, Susanne. "Five English Verbs : A Comparison between Dictionary meanings and Meanings in Corpus collocations." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-6091.

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In Norstedts Comprehensive English-Swedish Dictionary (2000) it is said that the numbered list of senses under each headword is frequency ordered. Thus, the aim of this study is to see whether this frequency order of senses agrees with the frequencies appearing in the British National Corpus (BNC). Five English, polysemous verbs were studied. For each verb, a simple search in the corpus was carried out, displaying 50 random occurrences. Each collocate was encoded with the most compatible sense from the numbered list of senses in the dictionary. The encoded tokens were compiled and listed in frequency order. This list was compared to the dictionary's list of senses. Only two of the verbs reached agreement between the highest ranked dictionary sense and the most frequent sense in the BNC simple search. None of the verbs' dictionary orders agreed completely with the emerged frequency order of the corpus occurrences, why complementary collocational learning is advocated.

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GRÖSLOVÁ, Hana. "Die Analyse verbaler Valenz im Lehrbuch "Německy s úsměvem"." Master's thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-71648.

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The topic of my diploma work is the analysis of verbal valence in the Czech textbook "Německy s úsměvem" ("German with a Smile"). The theoretical part is dealing with the verbal valence first, examining the verb as a part of speech and the valence itself. It deals with grammar from the DaF-point of view (DaF = teaching German as foreign language). The theoretical part is closed by a brief characteristic of exercise typology with selected exercise types for the valence practise. The main point of the work is the analysis of the verbal valence ? excerption, presentation and practice of verbal valence in the selected part of the textbook. The results of individual parts of the analysis are evaluated and statistically processed then. The analysis is followed by the list of problems detected with my own solution.

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Vasconcelos, Margarida Fátima Gomes. "The automatic processing of non-verbal emotional vocalizations: an electrophysiological investigation." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/27207.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde)
The human voice is a critical channel for the exchange of information about the emotionality of a speaker. In this sense, it is important to investigate the neural correlates of non-verbal vocalizations processing, even when listeners are not attending to these events. We developed an oddball paradigm in which emotional (happy and angry) and neutral vocalizations were presented both as standard and deviant stimuli in four conditions: Happy, Angry, Neutral 1 (neutral vocalizations with angry context), and Neutral 2 (neutral vocalizations with happy context). To unfold the time course of the auditory change detection mechanisms indexed by the Mismatch Negativity (MMN) component, the Event–Related Potentials (ERP) methodology was used. ERPs were recorded in 17 healthy subjects. The results showed that Happy and Neutral 2 conditions elicited more negative MMN amplitude relative to the Angry condition, at midline (Fz, Cz) electrodes. Overall results suggest that automatic auditory change detection is enhanced for positive and neutral (in happy context) vocalizations than for negative stimuli.
A voz humana é um canal vital na troca de informação sobre a emocionalidade do outro. Neste sentido, é importante investigar quais os correlatos neuronais associados ao processamento de vocalizações não-verbais, mesmo quando não é alocada atenção a estes estímulos. Foi criado um paradigma oddball com vocalizações emocionais (alegria e raiva) e neutras, que eram apresentadas como estímulos frequentes ou infrequentes em quatro condições distintas: Alegre, Raiva, Neutro 1 (vocalizações neutras em contexto de raiva) e Neutro 2 (vocalizações neutras em contexto de alegria). Para investigar o curso temporal dos mecanismos automáticos de detecção de mudança auditiva, foi usada a técnica de Potenciais Evocados e estudado o componente Mismatch Negativity (MMN). A amostra foi constituída por 17 indivíduos saudáveis. Os resultados mostraram que as condições Alegre e Neutro 2 elicitaram uma amplitude de MMN mais negativa comparativamente com a condição Raiva, para os eléctrodos situados na linha média do escalpe (Fz, Cz). Estes resultados indicam que existe um mecanismo neuronal de deteção de mudança auditiva mais pronunciado para vocalizações positivas e neutras (em contexto de alegria) comparativamente com vocalizações negativas.

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Bielický, Viktor. "Valenční slovník arabských sloves." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-334592.

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(EN) Valency Dictionary of Arabic Verbs PhDr. Viktor Bielický This dissertation serves as a theoretical background for creating a valency dictionary of verbs in Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) which is primarily in the form of an electronic database. The Functional Generative Description is used as a theoretical framework for the description of verbal valency in Arabic. Chapter 1 introduces the verbal system of MSA with an emphasis on semantic relations within the system of verbal morpho- semantic patterns (verbal stems). Chapter 2 outlines the current research status of valency in Arabic including various research projects focused on creating electronic databases for Arabic verbs. Chapter 3 presents an overview of a valency theory developed within the Funtional Generative Description and it also provides a brief description of two broad coverage valency dictionaries for the Czech language - VALLEX and PDT-Vallex. Chapter 4, the core of the study, analyses semantics and the surface realization of different types of valency complemens in MSA, i.e. actants, quasi-valency and free (adverbial) complements. The final chapter, Chapter 5, describes the methodology and the structure of the valency dictionary the printed version of which is attached to the thesis. Key words: verbal valency, Modern Standard...

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Simões, Carla Juliana Ramalho. "Quanto recordam as pessoas idosas a partir de sons com carga emocional?" Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/26972.

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde)
Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a distribuição temporal das memórias autobiográficas através de elicitação verbal e sonora; avaliar a relação da valência das memórias com o tipo de estímulo; avaliar a relação entre a valência dos estímulos elicitadores e as memórias recordadas; e avaliar a relação entre a importância atribuída às memórias e a sua distribuição temporal.. A amostra é constituída por 40 pessoas idosas, com idades entre os 65 e os 76 anos. Foram recrutados a partir de uma amostragem em “bola de neve”. Os resultados mostram que na fase de Amnésia Infantil a elicitação das memórias não depende do tipo de estímulo. A proporção de memórias de acontecimentos decorridos nas fases de Efeito de Recência e na de Explosão Mnésica é superior com elicitação verbal. Num segundo momento, os resultados apontaram para uma proporção similar de memórias elicitadas por estímulos de valência negativa e positiva, com maior incidência na fase de Efeito de Recência. Conclui-se também que a proporção de memórias autobiográficas de valência positiva foi superior às de valência negativa, nomeadamente nas fases de Amnésia Infantil e Explosão Mnésica. Por último, foi encontrado que os adultos idosos atribuem maior importância às memórias do período de Amnésia Infantil.
This study aimed to characterize the temporal distribution of autobiographical memories through verbal elicitation and sound; evaluate the relationship of valence of memories with the type of stimulus; evaluate the relationship between the valence of the stimuli elicitors and recalled memories; and evaluate the relationship of importance attached to memories and their temporal distribution. The sample consisted of 40 elderly people, aged between 65 and 76 years. Were recruited from a sample from "snowball". The results show that the phase of the elicitation of Infantile Amnesia memory does not depend on the type of stimulus. The proportion of memories of events elapsed phases Recency Effect and Explosion Mnesic is superior verbal elicitation. Secondly, the results pointed to a similar proportion of memories elicited by stimuli of negative valence and positive, with the highest incidence in the phase of the Recency Effect. We also conclude that the proportion of positive autobiographical memories valence was higher than the negative valence, particularly in phases of Infantile Amnesia and Explosion Mnesic. Finally, it was found that older adults give more importance to the memories of the period of Infantile Amnesia.

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Tzeng, De-Yao, and 曾德耀. "Working Memory Impairment of Individuals with Depressive Spectrum Disorders:The Performances on N-Back Tasks Using Emotion-Valenced Verbal and Nonverbal Stimuli." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/09178170022148439158.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立臺灣大學
心理學研究所
95
It has been often noted in literature that depressive individuals may suffer from broad deficits/bias in several areas of cognitive functions, which may be possibly due to the dysfunctions of working memory. Incorporated the possible moderators of working memory dysfunctions and/or impairments with the conception of depressive spectrum and mood-congruent memory, the main purpose of the present study was to investigate the impairment/bias of working memory of individuals with depressive spectrum disorders using N-Back task with verbal and nonverbal emotion-valenced stimuli. Specifically, the present study examined: 1) the main effect of depression severity; and 2) the interaction effects between depression severity and working memory loadings as well as between depression severity and the valences of stimuli. The present study includes two sub-studies. Study-I recruited the students of the National Taiwan University as samples who were assigned to depressive group (n = 23), dysphoric group (n = 25), and normal control group (n = 32) based on the diagnosis of MINI and BDI-II scores. The demographic and other relevant variables such as age, education level, VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ were controlled. The Study-I, with a 3 × (3 × 3) mixed design, consisted of N-Back experiment One (verbal version) and experiment Two (nonverbal version). In that, the within-group independent variables included valences of stimuli (positive, neutral, and negative) and working memory loadings (0-Back, 1-Back, and 2-Back). The dependent variables were accuracy and reaction time. Study-II recruited clinical depressive patients (n = 18) as samples. The Study-II, with a (3 × 3) within group design, consisted of N-Back experiment One (verbal version) and experiment Two (nonverbal version). The results of Study-I, both verbal or nonverbal experiments, while indexed by accuracy, showed the main effects of working memory loadings and valences of stimuli, the interaction effects of working memory loadings with valences of stimuli and with depression severity. While indexed by reaction time, the results of Study-I revealed the main effect of working memory loadings and the interaction effects of working memory loadings with valences of stimuli and with depression severity. Differently, the results of Study-II showed the only main effect of working memory loadings in response to verbal or nonverbal stimuli. The discussion of the present study, whether the dependent variables were accuracy or reaction time, there were significant main effects of working memory loadings, indicating of successful manipulation of the N-Back task for loading of working memory. For clinical patients, neither 0-Back nor 1-Back was effortful-enough task; however, 2-Back appeared to be an effortful-enough task. The present study partly supported the mood-congruent memory, but there were opposite trends about sad and happy stimuli in verbal and nonverbal experiments. Finally, we discussed the contributions and clinical applications of the present study, addressed the possible limitations, and provided some approaches to carry on further researches.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Verbal valence'

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