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Journal articles on the topic 'Verbal valence'
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Levy, Rachel S., and Spencer D. Kelly. "Emotion matters." Gesture 19, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 41–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/gest.19029.lev.
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Abstract Recent theories and neural models of co-speech gesture have extensively considered its cognitive role in language comprehension but have ignored the emotional function. We investigated the integration of speech and co-speech gestures in memory for verbal information with different emotional connotations (either positive, negative, or neutral). In a surprise cued-recall task, gesture boosted memory for speech with all three emotional valences. Interestingly, gesture was more likely to become integrated into memory of neutrally and positively valenced speech than negatively valenced speech. The results suggest that gesture-speech integration is modulated by emotional valence of speech, which has implications for the emotional function of gesture in language comprehension.
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VAN DEN EYNDE, KAREL, and PIET MERTENS. "La valence: l'approche pronominale et son application au lexique verbal." Journal of French Language Studies 13, no. 1 (March 2003): 63–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959269503001005.
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L'article décrit le cadre méthodologique de l'approche pronominale et présente la base de données lexicale PROTON, un dictionnaire de valence verbale pour le français, élaboré dans cette approche. La valence y est caractérisée par les paradigmes de pronoms proportionnels (dont les traits s'unifient avec ceux des constituants comportant des éléments lexicaux). On présente, dans une forme actualisée, les notions-clef pour la description des constructions et des schèmes de valence, ainsi que les prolégomènes à la typologie des prédicateurs et de leurs actants. Ensuite on précise le contenu et les conventions formelles du lexique de valence. Une entrée du lexique est commentée à titre d'exemple. Cette même entrée est ensuite comparée aux articles correspondants du dictionnaire de valence spécialisé de Busse et Dubost (1983).
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Stumpf, Sören. "Phraseologie und Valenztheorie." Yearbook of Phraseology 6, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 3–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phras-2015-0003.
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Abstract Based on previous research results, the following paper gives an overview of the possibilities of transferring the valence theory to verbal phraseologisms. Verbal phraseologisms display internal and external ‘blank positions’ which can’t be differentiated strictly dichotomically. Moreover, there are certain interferences or transitions between both valence levels. To fulfill a wide phraseology concept, the analysis focuses not only on the verbal idioms, but, furthermore, on the valence of light-verb constructions. Relating to the theoretical status of the valence of these constructions, there exist partially controversial discussions in the latest research which will be illustrated below. Problems of describing these phenomena from a lexicographical perspective will be elaborated in the following. As a last point, a specific phenomenon will be approached that can be classified into the ‘phraseological irregularities’; the so-called ‘valence irregularities’. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that a satisfying description of the valence of phraseologisms can only be accomplished with the help of a corpus-based approach.
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Morgan, Phillip L., Craig Williams, Fay M. Ings, and Nia C. Hughes. "Effects of valent image-based secondary tasks on verbal working memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 6 (January 1, 2018): 1440–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1329324.
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Two experiments examined if exposure to emotionally valent image-based secondary tasks introduced at different points of a free recall working memory (WM) task impair memory performance. Images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) varied in the degree of negative or positive valance (mild, moderate, strong) and were positioned at low, moderate and high WM load points with participants rating them based upon perceived valence. As predicted, and based on previous research and theory, the higher the degree of negative (Experiment 1) and positive (Experiment 2) valence and the higher the WM load when a secondary task was introduced, the greater the impairment to recall. Secondary task images with strong negative valance were more disruptive than negative images with lower valence at moderate and high WM load task points involving encoding and/or rehearsal of primary task words (Experiment 1). This was not the case for secondary tasks involving positive images (Experiment 2), although participant valence ratings for positive IAPS images classified as moderate and strong were in fact very similar. Implications are discussed in relation to research and theory on task interruption and attentional narrowing and literature concerning the effects of emotive stimuli on cognition.
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Solovar, V. N. "Structural and semantic characteristics of Khanty verbs with the preverbs shөpa / shǒppi / suppi / soppi / chөpӽә ‘in half’." Bulletin of Ugric studies 10, no. 3 (2020): 534–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30624/2220-4156-2020-10-3-534-544.
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Introduction: for the first time the article reviewed the semantics of Khanty verbs with preverbs shөpa / shǒppi / suppi / soppi / chөpӽә ‘in half, in pieces’ and change of their verbal valence. Until the present the full list of such verbs is not revealed in Khanty linguistics, and there is no the description of change of their verbal valence. The preverb changes the meaning of a verb depending of the syntactic compatibility; at the same time, the syntactic compatibility can determine the grammatical form of the verb. Objective: to study opportunities of transition of verbs with the preverbs shөpa / shǒppi / suppi / soppi / chөpӽә from one semantic class to another, and to compare their functional correspondences in different dialects of the Khanty language. Research materials: verbs with the preverbs shөpa / shǒppi / suppi / soppi / chөpӽә of the Kazym, the Shuryshkar, the Ural (Ust-Soba and Ust-Poluy dialects), the Surgut dialects of the Khanty language collected by the author from informants and dictionaries of the Khanty language. Results and novelty of the research: for the first time the most complete list of verbs of different lexicalsemantic groups (LSG) with the preverbs shөpa / shǒppi / suppi / soppi / chөpӽ is revealed. It is established that this preverb is attached mainly to the verbs of destruction and movement, etc. As the result, we observe changes in the number of valences of the derived verbs (usually they decrease). Verbs of the LSG ‘movement’ lose the locative valence; verbs of destruction do not change the valence. The change of the valence of verbs occurs due to the syntactic compatibility of a verb with different types of subjects and objects (animate, inanimate). The results of the study can be used to create dictionaries, to compare the related and unrelated languages, as well as to write the scientific grammar of the Khanty language.
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Borod, Joan C., Kashemi D. Rorie, Lawrence H. Pick, Ronald L. Bloom, Fani Andelman, Alfonso L. Campbell, Loraine K. Obler, James R. Tweedy, Joan Welkowitz, and Martin Sliwinski. "Verbal pragmatics following unilateral stroke: Emotional content and valence." Neuropsychology 14, no. 1 (2000): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.14.1.112.
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Daalman, K., K. M. J. Diederen, E. M. Derks, R. van Lutterveld, R. S. Kahn, and Iris E. C. Sommer. "Childhood trauma and auditory verbal hallucinations." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 12 (April 16, 2012): 2475–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000761.
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BackgroundHallucinations have consistently been associated with traumatic experiences during childhood. This association appears strongest between physical and sexual abuse and auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). It remains unclear whether traumatic experiences mainly colour the content of AVH or whether childhood trauma triggers the vulnerability to experience hallucinations in general. In order to investigate the association between hallucinations, childhood trauma and the emotional content of hallucinations, experienced trauma and phenomenology of AVH were investigated in non-psychotic individuals and in patients with a psychotic disorder who hear voices.MethodA total of 127 non-psychotic individuals with frequent AVH, 124 healthy controls and 100 psychotic patients with AVH were assessed for childhood trauma. Prevalence of childhood trauma was compared between groups and the relation between characteristics of voices, especially emotional valence of content, and childhood trauma was investigated.ResultsBoth non-psychotic individuals with AVH and patients with a psychotic disorder and AVH experienced more sexual and emotional abuse compared with the healthy controls. No difference in the prevalence of traumatic experiences could be observed between the two groups experiencing AVH. In addition, no type of childhood trauma could distinguish between positive or negative emotional valence of the voices and associated distress. No correlations were found between sexual abuse and emotional abuse and other AVH characteristics.ConclusionsThese results suggest that sexual and emotional trauma during childhood render a person more vulnerable to experience AVH in general, which can be either positive voices without associated distress or negative voices as part of a psychotic disorder.
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Haley, Katarina L., Stephen M. Camarata, and Keith E. Nelson. "Social Valence in Children With Specific Language Impairment During Imitation-Based and Conversation-Based Language Intervention." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 37, no. 2 (April 1994): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3702.378.
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This study investigated the level of social valence and type of social behaviors expressed in 15 children with specific language impairment as they engaged in typical language intervention activities during conversation-based and imitation-based language programs. These programs were both applied to each child over a period of several weeks. Videotapes of treatment sessions were analyzed for the presence of five verbal and 11 nonverbal behaviors selected to measure social valence. In addition, the child’s level of social valence was scored on a three-point rating scale. The results showed that although both types of treatments were predominantly associated with positive social valence ratings and a high frequency of smiling, laughing, and engagement in the activities, a significantly higher number of these positive ratings and behaviors were noted within conversation-based treatment. In contrast, although negative social valence ratings and expressions of boredom or dislike were very rare, these were observed more frequently under imitation-based treatment. There was a significantly higher rate of verbal initiations in the conversation-based treatment, and a significantly higher rate of quiet, passive participation in the imitation-based treatment. The findings are discussed in relation to treatment selection and viable strategies for assessing treatment acceptability in children.
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Faragó, Tamás, Attila Andics, Viktor Devecseri, Anna Kis, Márta Gácsi, and Ádám Miklósi. "Humans rely on the same rules to assess emotional valence and intensity in conspecific and dog vocalizations." Biology Letters 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 20130926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0926.
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Humans excel at assessing conspecific emotional valence and intensity, based solely on non-verbal vocal bursts that are also common in other mammals. It is not known, however, whether human listeners rely on similar acoustic cues to assess emotional content in conspecific and heterospecific vocalizations, and which acoustical parameters affect their performance. Here, for the first time, we directly compared the emotional valence and intensity perception of dog and human non-verbal vocalizations. We revealed similar relationships between acoustic features and emotional valence and intensity ratings of human and dog vocalizations: those with shorter call lengths were rated as more positive, whereas those with a higher pitch were rated as more intense. Our findings demonstrate that humans rate conspecific emotional vocalizations along basic acoustic rules, and that they apply similar rules when processing dog vocal expressions. This suggests that humans may utilize similar mental mechanisms for recognizing human and heterospecific vocal emotions.
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Huijding, Jorg, and Peter J. de Jong. "A Pictorial Version of the Extrinsic Affective Simon Task." Experimental Psychology 52, no. 4 (January 2005): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.52.4.289.
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Abstract. This study assessed whether a pictorial, rather than a verbal, Extrinsic Affective Simon Task (EAST: De Houwer, 2003 ) is, 1) sensitive to the affective valence of normatively positive, neutral, and negative pictures, 2) sensitive to interindividual differences pertaining to fear-relevant affective associations, and 3) a valid predictor for strategic and/or reflexive fear responses. High (n = 35) and low (n = 35) spider fearful individuals completed an EAST comprising of universal positive, negative, neutral, and spider pictures. The pictorial EAST was sensitive to normatively valenced stimuli, tended to differentiate between high and low fearful individuals with respect to spider pictures, and showed independent predictive validity for avoidance behavior.
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Pinheiro, Ana P., Robert W. McCarley, Elizabeth Thompson, Óscar F. Gonçalves, and Margaret Niznikiewicz. "From Semantics to Feelings: How Do Individuals with Schizophrenia Rate the Emotional Valence of Words?" Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/431823.
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Schizophrenia is characterized by both emotional and language abnormalities. However, in spite of reports of preserved evaluation of valence of affective stimuli, such as pictures, it is less clear how individuals with schizophrenia assess verbal material with emotional valence, for example, the overall unpleasantness/displeasure relative to pleasantness/attraction of a word. This study aimed to investigate how schizophrenic individuals rate the emotional valence of adjectives, when compared with a group of healthy controls. One hundred and eighty-four adjectives differing in valence were presented. These adjectives were previously categorized as “neutral,” “positive” (pleasant), or “negative” (unpleasant) by five judges not participating in the current experiment. Adjectives from the three categories were matched on word length, frequency, and familiarity. Sixteen individuals with schizophrenia diagnosis and seventeen healthy controls were asked to rate the valence of each word, by using a computerized version of the Self-Assessment Manikin (Bradley and Lang, 1994). Results demonstrated similar ratings of emotional valence of words, suggesting a similar representation of affective knowledge in schizophrenia, at least in terms of the valence dimension.
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Siebesma-Mannens, Femke. "Double Object Constructions in DSS Hebrew." Dead Sea Discoveries 27, no. 3 (October 12, 2020): 372–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685179-bja10017.
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Abstract In this article an overview is given of the verbal valence patterns of the verb נתן in the Dead Sea Scrolls. Four patterns are distinguished for this verb: 1. נתן + OBJECT to produce; 2. + נתן OBJECT + RECIPIENT to give to; 3. נתן + OBJECT + LOCATION to place; 4. נתן + OBJECT + 2ND OBJECT to make into. All occurrences of the verb in the DSS corpus used, consisting of 1QHa, 1QS, 1QM, and 1QpHab, are discussed and divided into one of these patterns. This study shows that pattern 3 occurs most, followed by pattern 2, and that it can be argued that pattern 1 and 4 also occur in our DSS corpus, though the evidence is scarce. In some cases, translations, differing from the translations in the editions of the texts, are proposed that better reflect the verbal valence patterns used in the clause.
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Bahn, Daniela, Michael Vesker, Gudrun Schwarzer, and Christina Kauschke. "A Multimodal Comparison of Emotion Categorization Abilities in Children With Developmental Language Disorder." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 64, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 993–1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00413.
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Purpose Current research has demonstrated that behavioral, emotional, and/or social difficulties often accompany developmental language disorder (DLD). It is an open question to what degrees such difficulties arise as consequence of impaired language and communicative skills, or whether they might also be driven by deficits in verbal and nonverbal emotion processing (e.g., the reduced ability to infer and verbalize emotional states from facial expressions). Regarding the existence of nonverbal deficits, previous research has yielded inconsistent findings. This study was aimed at gaining deeper knowledge of the basic aspects of emotion understanding in children with DLD by comparing their performance on nonverbal and verbal emotion categorization tasks to that of typically developing children. Method Two verbal tasks (Lexical Decision and Valence Decision With Emotion Terms) and two nonverbal tasks (Face Decision and Valence Decision With Facial Expressions) were designed to parallel each other as much as possible, and conducted with twenty-six 6- to 10-year-old children diagnosed with DLD. The same number of typically developed children, carefully matched by age and gender, served as a control group. Results The children with DLD showed lower performance in both verbal tasks and exhibited noticeable problems in the nonverbal emotion processing task. In particular, they achieved lower accuracy scores when they categorized faces by their valence (positive or negative), but did not differ in their ability to distinguish these faces from pictures displaying animals. Conclusions This study provides evidence for the hypothesis that problems in emotion processing in children with DLD might be multimodal. Therefore, the results support the idea of mutual influences in the development of language and emotion skills and contribute to the current debate about the domain specificity of DLD (formerly referred to as specific language impairment).
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Trösch, Cuzol, Parias, Calandreau, Nowak, and Lansade. "Horses Categorize Human Emotions Cross-Modally Based on Facial Expression and Non-Verbal Vocalizations." Animals 9, no. 11 (October 24, 2019): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9110862.
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Over the last few years, an increasing number of studies have aimed to gain more insight into the field of animal emotions. In particular, it is of interest to determine whether animals can cross-modally categorize the emotions of others. For domestic animals that share a close relationship with humans, we might wonder whether this cross-modal recognition of emotions extends to humans, as well. In this study, we tested whether horses could recognize human emotions and attribute the emotional valence of visual (facial expression) and vocal (non-verbal vocalization) stimuli to the same perceptual category. Two animated pictures of different facial expressions (anger and joy) were simultaneously presented to the horses, while a speaker played an emotional human non-verbal vocalization matching one of the two facial expressions. Horses looked at the picture that was incongruent with the vocalization more, probably because they were intrigued by the paradoxical combination. Moreover, horses reacted in accordance with the valence of the vocalization, both behaviorally and physiologically (heart rate). These results show that horses can cross-modally recognize human emotions and react emotionally to the emotional states of humans, assessed by non-verbal vocalizations.
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N.O., Shcherbii. "CASE GOVERNMENT OF VERBAL NOUNS IN POLISH AND UKRAINIAN." South archive (philological sciences), no. 85 (April 12, 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-85-8.
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The purpose of the article is to perform the comparative analysis of case government (rekcja) of Polish and Ukrainian verbal nouns. The fulfilment of this purpose requires describing the status of verbal nouns in linguistics, clarifying the terminological apparatus, proving the verbal nature of these formations, comparing case government in Polish and Ukrainian, in particular, due to the existence of categories of transitivity and valence as well as establishing common and distinctive features.Methods. The application of the comparative and typological method allows to compare the semantic and syntactic features of verbal nouns of two related languages. Methods of deduction and induction were used to systematize, describe and generalize the identified features and differences.Results. Verb nouns ending with -nie, -cie // -ння, ття possess a pronounced verbal nature, as evidenced by the preservation of the case government, namely: the form of the governed noun dependent on the verbal noun denotes the object to express certain syntactic relations like the one dependent on the verb. The case government of verb nouns ending with -nie, -cie // -ння, ття is expressed by the categories of transitivity and valence. At the level of syntagmatics, the semantics of transitive / intransitive action of verbal nouns affects their compatibility and becomes a defining feature for distinguishing components of the semantic paradigm of a polysemous verbal noun. VNs generally have the same valence as the root verb (with or without a preposition), but there are a number of differences, particularly in prepositional government. In contrast to Ukrainian, a number of Polish verbs can be used with an object in the form of a verbal noun due to the fact that Poles perceive the world more ‘object-based’, and Ukrainians have an organic ability to see life in dynamics, movement and convey it using verbs.Conclusions. Hybrid parts of language are a little-studied and relevant aspect in modern linguistic research, in particular in the context of structural and semantic differences against the background of Slavic languages. Verbal nouns are a clear example of hybridity as they combine categories typical for different classes of words, such as verbal grammatical categories of aspect, voice, mood, and transitivity / intransitivity as opposed to noun categories of gender and case.Key words: valence, transitivity / intransitivity, case government, semantics. Метою статті є зіставний аналіз сполучуваності (рекції) польських та українських дієслівних іменників. Реалізація поставленої мети передбачає опис статусу дієслівних іменників у мовознавстві, вияснення термінологічного апарату, дове-дення дієслівного характеру цих утворень, порівняння дієслівної рекції у польській та українській мові, зокрема завдяки наявності категорій перехідності та валентності, встановленню спільних та відмінних ознак.Методи. Застосування зіставно-типологічного методу дало змогу порівняти семантико-синтаксичні особливості дієслів-них іменників двох споріднених мов. З метою систематизації, опису та узагальнення виявлених особливостей та відмінностей використовувалися методи дедукції та індукції.Результати. Дієслівні іменники на -nie, -cie // -ння, ття мають виражений дієслівний характер, про що свідчить зокрема і збереження дієслівної рекції, а саме: залежна від дієслівного іменника форма керованого іменника позначає об’єкт, як і при дієслові для вираження певних синтаксичних відношень. Рекція дієслівних іменників на -nie, -cie // -ння, ття виражається за допомогою категорії перехідності та валентності. Семантика перехідності / неперехідності дії віддієслівних іменників на рівні синтагматики впливає на їх сполучуваність і стає диференційною ознакою розрізнення компонентів семантичної парадигми багатозначного віддієслівного іменника. ДІ здебільшого мають таку саму валентність, як і твірне дієслово (з прийменником чи без), проте є ряд відмінностей, зокрема в прийменниковому керуванні. Низка польських дієслів може вживатися з додатком у формі дієслівного іменника, на відміну від української мови, що пов’язане з тим, що поляки сприймають світ більш ‘опред-мечено’, а українці мають органічну здатність бачити життя в динаміці, русі й передавати це дієсловом.Висновки. Малодослідженим та актуальним аспектом у сучасних мовознавчих дослідженнях є гібридні частини мови, зокрема в контексті структурно-семантичних відмінностей на тлі слов'янських мов. Дієслівні іменники є яскравим прикладом гібридності, оскільки поєднують у собі категорії, характерні різним класам слів, як наприклад, дієслівні граматичні категорії виду, стану та способу протиставляються іменниковим категоріям роду та відмінка.Ключові слова: валентність, перехідність / неперехідність, дієслівне керування, семантика.
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Derache, N., A. Mondou, R. Makouri, B. Desgranges, and G. Defer. "Influence of Emotional Valence on Verbal Episodic Memory in Multiple Sclerosis (P04.110)." Neurology 78, Meeting Abstracts 1 (April 22, 2012): P04.110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.110.
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Balconi, Michela, and Giulia Fronda. "Gesture in hyperscanning during observation. Inter-brain connectivity." Neuropsychological Trends, no. 28 (November 2020): 59–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.7358/neur-2020-028-bal2.
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Non-verbal communication is a joint action defined by the use of different gestures’ types. The present research aimed to investigate the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates during the observation of affective, social and informative gestures in non-verbal communication between encoder and decoder. Moreover, the hyperscanning paradigm allows investigating the individuals’ inter-brain connectivity. Regarding gestures’ type, the study’s results showed a decrease of alpha (increased brain activity), and an increase of delta and theta brain responsiveness and inter-brain connectivity for affective and social gestures in frontal and posterior areas for informative ones. Concerning gestures’ valence, an increase of left frontal theta activity and inter-brain connectivity was observed. Finally, about the inter-agents’ role, the same brain responses and inter-brain connectivity patterns emerged both in encoder and decoder. This study allows discovering neural responses underlying gestures’ type and valence during action observation, highlighting the validity of hyperscanning to investigate inter-brain connectivity mechanisms.
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Tsao, Hsiu-Yuan, Ming-Yi Chen, Hao-Chiang Koong Lin, and Yu-Chun Ma. "The asymmetric effect of review valence on numerical rating." Online Information Review 43, no. 2 (April 8, 2019): 283–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-11-2017-0307.
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PurposeThe basic assumption is that there is a symmetric relationship between review valence and rating, but what if review valence and rating were linked asymmetrically? There are few studies which have investigated the situations in which positive and negative online reviews exert different influences on ratings. This study considers brand strength as having an important moderating role because the average rating of existing reviews for a particular product is a heuristic cue for decision makers. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to argue that an asymmetric relationship between review content valence and numerical rating will depend on brand strength.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have conducted a sentiment analysis via text mining, using self-developed computer programs to retrieve a data set from the TripAdvisor website.FindingsThis study finds there is an asymmetric relationship between review valence (verbal) and numerical rating. The authors further find brand strength to have an important moderating role. For a stronger brand, negative review content will have a greater impact on numerical ratings than positive review content, while for a weaker brand, positive review content will have a greater impact on numerical ratings than negative review content.Practical implicationsMarketers could adopt sentiment analysis via text mining of online reviews as a valid measure or predictor of consumer satisfaction or numerical ratings. Strong brands should direct more attention to negative reviews, because in such reviews the negative impact transcends the positive. In contrast, weak brands should aim to exploit as many positive reviews as possible to minimize the impact of any negative reviews.Originality/valueThis study finds there is an asymmetric relationship between review valence (verbal) and numerical rating and considers brand strength to play an important moderating role. The authors have used real data from the TripAdvisor website, which allow people to express themselves in an unsolicited manner, and linked these with the results from the sentiment analysis.
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Beblo, T., C. Mensebach, K. Wingenfeld, N. Rullkötter, and M. Driessen. "Assessing Learning With and Without Interference." Zeitschrift für Neuropsychologie 17, no. 4 (March 2006): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1016-264x.17.4.219.
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Abstract. Whereas learning in every day life requires the inhibition of irrelevant information, standardized memory tests usually do not contain interfering stimuli. The present study aims at an initial evaluation of a new verbal learning paradigm that considers learning with emotionally neutral or negative interference, and learning without interference. In three learning trials, 82 healthy subjects learned three 15-item word lists derived from the Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Word recall in both conditions with interference was decreased, especially in the first learning trial and regardless of emotional valence. Working memory, therefore, might be more affected by interference than learning. These first promising results indicate the usability of the new verbal paradigm for clinical purposes.
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Daulay, Ernita, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Mechanism of Valence Change in Mandailing Language: Linguistics Typology." SALTeL Journal (Southeast Asia Language Teaching and Learning) 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2021): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35307/saltel.v4i2.65.
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This paper described the mechanism of valence change in Mandailing language. The concept of valence refers to the number of arguments a verb that serves as a predicate in a clause can present. Changing the valence of verbs in Mandailing through a causative process causes the verbs to experience an increase in valence. This study was included a qualitative descriptive study, in which the method is a study of language typology and the data analyzed based on the problems discussed using the method Agih. The results of the data analysis of this study are presented using an informal method in the form of explanation or exposure using ordinary words or verbal language. The determinants used by this method are the language elements in the Mandailing language. The purpose of this study was to find what types of verbs in the Mandailing language can experience changes in valence, symptoms, and their process of change, and the semantic role of these verbs. The data analysis from this study was obtained through the observation method and the proficient method with informants; based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that changes in the valence of the Mandailing language occur mainly in intransitive, transitive, transitive verbs, which are grouped into symptoms that cause valence reduction and valence expansion. This study is also expected to inspire some researchers interested in the mechanism of valence change in Mandailing language, either micro or macro.
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Julião, Maria Risolêta Silva. "L’expression de personne en Anambé du Cairari." Revista Brasileira de Linguística Antropológica 2, no. 1 (April 18, 2013): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbla.v2i1.16216.
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Cet article verse sur le fonctionnement du système de marques de personne en Anambé du Cairari en prenant en compte la valence du verbe, le type de participant (A, O ou S) et le mode verbal. Il présente aussi des particularités de la forme pronominale de la troisième personne anambé.
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Grüsser, S. M., A. Heinz, A. Raabe, M. Wessa, J. Podschus, and H. Flor. "Stimulus-induced craving and startle potentiation in abstinent alcoholics and controls." European Psychiatry 17, no. 4 (July 2002): 188–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00666-1.
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SummaryAbstinent alcoholics often denycraving for alcohol but still show a high level of relapse. The eyeblink response to startling noise was used as an indicator of the emotional response to alcohol-related, positive, negative and neutral visual stimuli in abstinent alcoholics, social drinkers and rarelydrinking controls. The cognitive evaluation of the stimuli was assessed byratings of subjective craving, valence and arousal. The startle response of the alcoholics to alcohol-related stimuli was significantlyinhibited despite an aversive overt stimulus-evaluation. These findings indicate that alcohol-related stimuli mayhave appetitive incentive salience for alcoholics in spite of verbal reports of craving and valence to the opposite.
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Brugnera, Agostino, Roberta Adorni, Angelo Compare, Cristina Zarbo, and Kaoru Sakatani. "Cortical and Autonomic Patterns of Emotion Experiencing During a Recall Task." Journal of Psychophysiology 32, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0269-8803/a000183.
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Abstract. Emotions characterized by opposite valences (positive vs. negative) seem to lead to specific patterns of autonomic and cortical activity. For example, according to valence or approach-withdrawal hypotheses, specific emotions lead to an asymmetrical activation of left or right prefrontal cortex (PFC). The aim of the present study was to explore the psychophysiological underpinnings of emotion experiencing using a paradigm with higher ecological validity than is typically accomplished in neuroimaging research. A total of 28 healthy participants were instructed to recall personally-relevant situations from the past that caused positive (happiness) or negative (anger) emotions, during a 2 min silent preparatory phase and a subsequent 3 min verbal phase. A wearable electrocardiographic (ECG) recording system and a portable 2-channel near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) device were used to collect heart rate (HR), high frequencies of heart rate variability (HF-HRV), and the hemodynamic responses of prefrontal cortex during the entire procedure. Results showed that during both anger and happiness recall tasks, HR increased and high frequencies of HRV decreased with respect to the baseline. HR and HF-HRV reached, respectively, their highest and lowest points during the verbal phase of anger recall task. NIRS data evidenced a bilateral increase of oxyhemoglobin concentration changes during both anger and happiness recall tasks, which was highest during the verbal phases. However, no lateralization patterns were found. Overall, present results suggest that the experience of negative emotions, if compared with positive ones, is characterized by a combination of reduced parasympathetic activation and/or increased sympathetic activation. Thus, cardiological data provided partial support to autonomic specificity of emotions. However, the recall paradigm did not evidence an asymmetry of PFC activity during the experience of emotions with opposite valences, probably due to the high number of factors impacting prefrontal activity during a recall paradigm.
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Bartczak, Marlena. "Processing Metaphors in the Elderly: Does Valence Matter?" Psychology of Language and Communication 21, no. 1 (December 20, 2017): 352–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/plc-2017-0017.
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Abstract Much evidence from theory and research points towards difficulties in processing metaphors by elderly people. These difficulties are usually associated with working memory and inhibitory control deficits observed in this age group, as these very functions play a crucial part in efficient metaphor processing. However, results of research on understanding metaphorical content by elderly people are inconclusive. The following article reviews studies showing that metaphor processing relies on a set of complex variables, which might explain the inconclusiveness of previous results. Though we acknowledge the role of interindividual factors (differences in cognitive functioning among the elderly), we focus on the properties of the metaphor stimuli themselves, especially those of conventionalization and valence, as they might influence the processing of verbal metaphors by people in older age groups.
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Blessing, Andreas, Jacqueline Zöllig, Gerhard Dammann, and Mike Martin. "Accurate Judgment by Dementia Patients of Neutral Faces with Respect to Trustworthiness and Valence." GeroPsych 23, no. 1 (March 2010): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1662-9647/a000001.
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The present study investigates whether dementia patients can make accurate social and affective judgments of face stimuli. We used verbal material as a control condition to see whether dementia patients are capable of using the rating scales the same way as controls. We compared the trustworthiness, valence, and arousal ratings of dementia patients with those from a healthy control group. Participants rated pictures of young and old, female and male neutral faces and two fictitious biographies. The results indicate that dementia patients make accurate judgments of unfamiliar faces with respect to trustworthiness and valence. Results concerning arousal ratings suggest that the corresponding scale might be difficult to use for dementia patients and possibly for older participants as well.
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Lam, Boji P. W., and Thomas P. Marquardt. "The Emotional Verbal Fluency Task: A Close Examination of Verbal Productivity and Lexical-Semantic Properties." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 7 (July 17, 2020): 2345–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00276.
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Purpose Emotional verbal fluency (Emo-VF) has the potential to expand neuropsychological assessment by providing information about affective memory retrieval. The usability of Emo-VF is limited, however, by significant variations in task administration and the lack of information about Emo-VF responses. This study investigated verbal productivity and the lexical-semantic properties of responses on positive and negative Emo-VF tasks. Comparing Emo-VF to non–Emo-VF tasks used regularly in neuropsychological assessment provided additional information about the basic characteristics of Emo-VF tasks. Method Twenty-five adult native speakers provided verbal responses to three Emo-VF (“happy,” “sad,” “negative emotions”) and two non–Emo-VF categories (“animals,” “things people do”). Verbal productivity was measured at the word and syllable levels. Multiple large-scale data corpora were used to estimate the lexical-semantic properties of the verbal responses. Results There was a robust positivity bias in verbal productivity within Emo-VF tasks. Emo-VF tasks tended to elicit longer words than “animals” and “things people do,” which might impact the results of verbal productivity analyses, especially in comparisons with “things people do.” Within Emo-VF tasks, negative Emo-VF elicited words from a wider range of valence than positive Emo-VF tasks. Similarities (e.g., word length and complexity) and differences (e.g., concreteness, age of acquisition) were found between positive and negative Emo-VF tasks. Conclusions The study provided information about the basic characteristics of Emo-VF tasks, which included evidence for a robust positivity bias, suggestions for analyses of verbal productivity (e.g., consideration of word length), and lexical-semantic properties associated with positive and negative Emo-VF tasks using corpora data.
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VAN STRIEN, JAN W., and CLAUDIA A. BOON. "Altered visual field asymmetry for lexical decision as a result of concurrent presentation of music fragments of different emotional valences." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 3, no. 5 (September 1997): 473–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617797004736.
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Sixteen right-handed male students were administered a unilateral lexical decision task in 4 conditions: a baseline condition and three sound conditions. In the sound conditions, the participants listened to noise, to music with a positive emotional valence, and to music with a negative emotional valence, while performing the visual half-field task. In the baseline condition, the noise condition, and the positive music condition, lexical decision latencies were shorter to right than to left visual field presentations. In the negative music condition, there was a selective enhancement of left visual field performance, which cancelled the visual field advantage completely. None of the concurrent sounds affected autonomic arousal as measured by heart rate. The results demonstrated that music with a negative emotional valence can alter the half-field asymmetry of a verbal task. The outcome was discussed in terms of right hemisphere priming due to negative emotional experience. (JINS, 1997, 3, 473–479.)
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Strukowska, Marta. "Anger in action: Socio-pragmatic analysis of verbal exchanges in UK parliamentary debates." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 55, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 671–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2019-0024.
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Abstract This article is an attempt to investigate theoretically and empirically how the emotion of anger is used in political discourse. The descriptive analysis is centred around the conversational analysis of anger, as present in the verbal exchanges in the UK parliamentary debates, correlated with the variables of power (P), social distance (D), and the concept of valence. The key idea underbracing this article is that affect permeates social communication. The central claims of this study focus on explaining how the socio-pragmatic variables of (P) and (D) weave the fabric of conflict talk and how they constitute the springboard for structuring the affective message in a tangible framework of social practice. The questions that inspire the current paper are the following: (1) How does anger determine the relationships of power and distance? (2) What is the reaction of the Offender and Defender in anger-driven interaction? (3) Are the roles of the ‘Emoter’ and ‘Receiver’ of anger evenly distributed in verbal communication? (4) Are valence and its strength indicators of anger experience? The paper concentrates on three theoretical problems including: (1) anger as an intrinsically threatening emotion, (2) anger as a constituent of context, and (3) anger as a gradable emotion. In addition, this study aims to explore how threats to positive face value in the form of unambiguous literal meaning that convey evaluative load (accusations, criticism, insult, irony, imposition etc.), explicitly provide information on P and D shifts in anger-driven discursive action.
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CITRON, FRANCESCA M. M., BRENDAN S. WEEKES, and EVELYN C. FERSTL. "How are affective word ratings related to lexicosemantic properties? Evidence from the Sussex Affective Word List." Applied Psycholinguistics 35, no. 2 (November 22, 2012): 313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716412000409.
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ABSTRACTEmotional content of verbal material affects the speed of visual word recognition in various cognitive tasks, independently of lexicosemantic variables. However, little is known about how the dimensions of emotional arousal and valence interact with the lexicosemantic properties of words such as age of acquisition, familiarity, and imageability, that determine word recognition performance. This study aimed to examine these relationships using English ratings for affective and lexicosemantic features. Eighty-two native English speakers rated 300 words for emotional valence, arousal, familiarity, age of acquisition, and imageability. Although both dimensions of emotion were correlated with lexicosemantic variables, a unique emotion cluster produced the strongest quadratic relationship. This finding suggests that emotion should be included in models of word recognition as it is likely to make an independent contribution.
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Kuchinke, Lars, Nathalie Fritsch, and Christina J. Müller. "Evaluative conditioning of positive and negative valence affects P1 and N1 in verbal processing." Brain Research 1624 (October 2015): 405–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2015.07.059.
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Orlic, Ana. "The relationship between cognitive processing of affective verbal material and the basic personality structure." Psihologija 43, no. 3 (2010): 329–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1003329o.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between cognitive processing of affective verbal material and the basic personality structure. For the purposes of research a new experiment was created, where affective priming was measured in a lexical decision task. The term affective priming stands for facilitation in recognition of the stimuli that comes after the presentation of stimuli of the same valence. In this experiment, two words were presented on a screen in front of the subject (stimuli-prime and stimuli-target). Those two words were of the same or different affective valence, and the subject's were instructed to respond whether the second word on the screen had a meaning or not. The basic personality structure was defined by the 'Big five' model and the Disintegration model and measured by NEO PI-R and Delta 10 questionnaires. The results of the affective priming experiment indicated a strong effect of positive facilitation and much weaker effect off negative facilitation. Two significant functions were extracted by quasicanonical correlation analysis. The first function showed correlation between the effect of positive facilitation and all of the subscales of Neuroticism, Extraversion and Conscientiousness (NEO PI-R), as well as all sub dimensions of Disintegration (DELTA 10). The second one indicated to a correlation between the negative facilitation effect and some subscales of Neuroticism, Extraversion and Agreeableness (NEO PI-R), as well as all subscales of Disintegration (DELTA 10).
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Balconi, Michela, and Giulia Fronda. "The Use of Hyperscanning to Investigate the Role of Social, Affective, and Informative Gestures in Non-Verbal Communication. Electrophysiological (EEG) and Inter-Brain Connectivity Evidence." Brain Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10010029.
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Communication can be considered as a joint action that involves two or more individuals transmitting different information. In particular, non-verbal communication involves body movements used to communicate different information, characterized by the use of specific gestures. The present study aims to investigate the electrophysiological (EEG) correlates underlying the use of affective, social, and informative gestures during a non-verbal interaction between an encoder and decoder. From the results of the single brain and inter-brain analyses, an increase of frontal alpha, delta, and theta brain responsiveness and inter-brain connectivity emerged for affective and social gestures; while, for informative gestures, an increase of parietal alpha brain responsiveness and alpha, delta, and theta inter-brain connectivity was observed. Regarding the inter-agents’ role, an increase of frontal alpha activity was observed in the encoder compared to the decoder for social and affective gestures. Finally, regarding gesture valence, an increase of theta brain responsiveness and theta and beta inter-brain connectivity was observed for positive gestures on the left side compared to the right one. This study, therefore, revealed the function of the gesture type and valence in influencing individuals’ brain responsiveness and inter-brain connectivity, showing the presence of resonance mechanisms underlying gesture execution and observation.
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Yusoff, Nasir. "Cultural heritage, Emotion, Acculturation, Ethnic minority, Valence." Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies 6, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.29333/ejecs/259.
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It is believed that the historical background of the Chinese community in Malaysia has significant impact on their emotional dimension towards the Malay cultural heritage, which is the heritage of the major ethnic group in Malaysia. This study aimed to examine the emotional expression of the Chinese ethnic towards Malay cultural heritage images in comparison to the Malay ethnic. Three different type of Malay cultural heritage images (Malay traditional food - ketupat, Malay traditional dresses – baju melayu/baju kurung and Malay traditional game – wau bulan) were presented to the Chinese (N=80) and the Malay (N=116) participants, recruited from the undergraduate population of a local institution. Participants self-rated their emotional feedback using a non-verbal pictorial measure (Self-Assessment Manikin) which measured the range of emotional response (valence domain), ranging from one (low valence) to nine (high valence). The Chinese indicated similar level of emotion expression as the Malays in response towards the images of Malay cultural heritage. Both Chinese and Malay showed higher self-rated emotional expression for traditional food image (i.e. ketupat) than non-food images (i.e. Malay dresses and wau bulan). Implication of this study points to the effect of acculturation on the emotional development of the ethnic minority and the emotional property of the food image in constructing the emotion.
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Jacobsen, Thomas, Katharina Buchta, Michael Köhler, and Erich Schröger. "The Primacy of Beauty in Judging the Aesthetics of Objects." Psychological Reports 94, no. 3_suppl (June 2004): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3c.1253-1260.
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The conceptual structure of the aesthetics of objects was investigated. To this end, associative namings for the word “aesthetics” were collected from 311 nonartist German college students in a timed verbal association task. 590 different adjectives were produced, depicting diversification of the concept. The adjective “beautiful” was given by more than 90% of the participants. The adjective “ugly” was the second most frequent naming, used by almost half of the students. All other namings were markedly less frequently produced. It is argues that the beautiful–ugly dimension represents the primary concept in the aesthetics of objects, so that performing aesthetic judgments of the beauty of objects comes naturally to individuals. In other words, the most prototypical aesthetic judgments are those of beauty. Furthermore, the majority of generated words had a positive valence as measured by an additional valence-rating study including 41 participants. This result contrasts with comparable studies of emotion terms, as such studies typically show a negativity bias. Frequency in general language use and valence of the adjectives did not account for the results.
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Frewen, Paul A., and Erica Lundberg. "Visual–Verbal Self/Other-Referential Processing Task: Direct vs. indirect assessment, valence, and experiential correlates." Personality and Individual Differences 52, no. 4 (March 2012): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.021.
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Luck, Camilla C., and Ottmar V. Lipp. "Verbal instructions targeting valence alter negative conditional stimulus evaluations (but do not affect reinstatement rates)." Cognition and Emotion 32, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2017.1280449.
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Olchowska-Kotala, Agnieszka. "Verbal Descriptions Accompanying Numeric Information About the Risk: The Valence of Message and Linguistic Polarity." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 48, no. 6 (August 17, 2019): 1429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-019-09666-7.
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Suslow, Thomas, Anette Kersting, and Volker Arolt. "Alexithymia and Incidental Learning of Emotional Words." Psychological Reports 93, no. 3_suppl (December 2003): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3f.1003.
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Alexithymia is thought to reflect a deficit in the cognitive capacity to process emotions. Prior research suggests that emotional valence has a memory enhancing effect in poor conceptual learning conditions. This study addressed the question of whether incidental learning of emotional words is a function of alexithymic tendencies. Incidental learning is unintentional learning that results from other activities. The 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and measures of depression and verbal intelligence were administered to 30 nonclinical subjects (15 women, 15 men) whose mean age was 35.5 yr. ( SD = 8.6) along with a sequential word-word evaluation task. Partial correlations indicated that the TAS-20 subscale, Difficulties identifying feelings was negatively correlated with recall of positive distractor words but not with recall of neutral distractors or recall of positive or negative target words. Emotional valence appears to have less organizational power in the memory of individuals with difficulties in recognizing their feelings.
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Kaneko, Daisuke, Maarten Hogervorst, Alexander Toet, Jan B. F. van Erp, Victor Kallen, and Anne-Marie Brouwer. "Explicit and Implicit Responses to Tasting Drinks Associated with Different Tasting Experiences." Sensors 19, no. 20 (October 11, 2019): 4397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19204397.
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Probing food experience or liking through verbal ratings has its shortcomings. We compare explicit ratings to a range of (neuro)physiological and behavioral measures with respect to their performance in distinguishing drinks associated with different emotional experience. Seventy participants tasted and rated the valence and arousal of eight regular drinks and a “ground truth” high-arousal, low-valence vinegar solution. The discriminative power for distinguishing between the vinegar solution and the regular drinks was highest for sip size, followed by valence ratings, arousal ratings, heart rate, skin conductance level, facial expression of “disgust,” pupil diameter, and Electroencephalogram (EEG) frontal alpha asymmetry. Within the regular drinks, a positive correlation was found between rated arousal and heart rate, and a negative correlation between rated arousal and Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Most physiological measures showed consistent temporal patterns over time following the announcement of the drink and taking a sip. This was consistent over all nine drinks, but the peaks were substantially higher for the vinegar solution than for the regular drinks, likely caused by emotion. Our results indicate that implicit variables have the potential to differentiate between drinks associated with different emotional experiences. In addition, this study gives us insight into the physiological temporal response patterns associated with taking a sip.
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Jończyk, Rafał, Inga Korolczuk, Evangelia Balatsou, and Guillaume Thierry. "Keep calm and carry on: electrophysiological evaluation of emotional anticipation in the second language." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 14, no. 8 (August 2019): 885–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz066.
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Abstract Investigations of the so-called ‘foreign language effect’ have shown that emotional experience is language-dependent in bilingual individuals. Response to negative experiences, in particular, appears attenuated in the second language (L2). However, the human brain is not only reactive, but it also builds on past experiences to anticipate future events. Here, we investigated affective anticipation in immersed Polish–English bilinguals using a priming paradigm in which a verbal cue of controlled affective valence allowed making predictions about a subsequent picture target. As expected, native word cues with a negative valence increased the amplitude of the stimulus preceding negativity, an electrophysiological marker of affective anticipation, as compared with neutral ones. This effect was observed in Polish–English bilinguals and English monolinguals alike. The contrast was non-significant when Polish participants were tested in English, suggesting a possible reduction in affective sensitivity in L2. However, this reduction was not validated by a critical language × valence interaction in the bilingual group, possibly because they were highly fluent in English and because the affective stimuli used in the present study were particularly mild. These results, which are neither fully consistent nor inconsistent with the foreign language effect, provide initial insights into the electrophysiology of affective anticipation in bilingualism.
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Lazzarini-Cyrino, João Paulo. "Family Resemblance and the Syncretism of Reflexive Marks: The Case of Georgian." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 56, no. 2 (June 29, 2015): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v56i2.8641474.
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Georgian verbal pre-radical vowel -i- raises many issues for generative and cognitive approaches to the syncretism of reflexive marks. The vowel bears medio-passive functionalities (Nash, 2002), occurring also in full reflexives (Amiridze, 2006) and as a perfective aspect marker for atelic verbs (Holisky, 1981). In this paper I show that any analysis based in valence reduction - the most obvious path for accounting for this kind of phenomenon - is uncapable of foreseeing the distribution of -i-. Alternatively, I propose that the vowel is distributed according to a Wittgensteinian Family Resemblance (Familienähnlichkeit) set.
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Gawda, Barbara, Ewa Szepietowska, Pawel Soluch, and Tomasz Wolak. "Valence of Affective Verbal Fluency: fMRI Studies on Neural Organization of Emotional Concepts Joy and Fear." Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 46, no. 3 (November 24, 2016): 731–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10936-016-9462-y.
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Cheie, Lavinia, and Laura Visu-Petra. "Relating Individual Differences in Trait-Anxiety to Memory Functioning in Young Children." Journal of Individual Differences 33, no. 2 (January 2012): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000079.
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There is extensive evidence indicating cognitive biases at several stages of information processing in high-anxious children. Little research, however, has investigated a potential memory bias toward negative information in high-anxious young children. We studied immediate and delayed verbal recall as well as delayed visual recognition in a sample of high-trait-anxious (HA) and low-trait-anxious (LA) preschoolers (N = 76, mean age = 65 months), using stimuli containing task-irrelevant emotional valence (positive, negative, neutral). The findings revealed that, compared to their LA counterparts, HA preschoolers displayed (1) a tendency to be less accurate in the immediate verbal recall task, (2) poorer recall of negative words in the immediate condition and poorer recall of neutral words in the delayed condition, (3) impaired delayed recognition of identities with happy facial expressions and a tendency to better recognize identities expressing anger. Results are discussed considering the dynamic interplay between personality, emotion and cognitive factors during early development.
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Cornell Kärnekull*, Stina, Billy Gerdfeldter, Maria Larsson, and Artin Arshamian. "Verbally Induced Olfactory Illusions Are Not Caused by Visual Processing: Evidence From Early and Late Blindness." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (March 2021): 204166952110164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211016483.
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Olfactory perception is malleable and easily modulated by top-down processes such as those induced by visual and verbal information. A classic example of this is olfactory illusions where the perceived pleasantness of an odor is manipulated by the valence of a verbal label that is either visually or auditorily presented together with the odor. The mechanism behind this illusion is still unknown, and it is not clear if it is driven only by verbal information or if there is an interaction between language functions and visual mental imagery processes. One way to test this directly is to study early blind individuals who have little or no experience of visual information or visual mental imagery. Here, we did this by testing early blind, late blind, and sighted individuals in a classical paradigm where odors were presented with negative, neutral, and positive labels via speech. In contrast to our hypothesis—that the lack of visual imagery would render early blind individuals less susceptible to the olfactory illusion—early and late blind participants showed more amplified illusions than sighted. These findings demonstrate that the general mechanism underlying verbally induced olfactory illusions is not caused by visual processing and visual mental imagery per se.
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Sulem, Aviel, Ehud Bodner, and Noam Amir. "Perception-Based Classification of Expressive Musical Terms." Music Perception 37, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 147–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2019.37.2.147.
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Expressive Musical Terms (EMTs) are commonly used by composers as verbal descriptions of musical expressiveness and characters that performers are requested to convey. We suggest a classification of 55 of these terms, based on the perception of professional music performers who were asked to: 1) organize the considered EMTs in a two-dimensional plane in such a way that proximity reflects similarity; and 2) rate these EMTs according to valence, arousal, extraversion, and neuroticism, using 7-level Likert scales. Using a minimization procedure, we found that a satisfactory partition requires these EMTs to be organized in four clusters (whose centroids are associated with tenderness, happiness, anger, and sadness) located in the four quarters of the valence-arousal plane of the circumplex model of affect developed by Russell (1980). In terms of the related positive-negative activation parameters, introduced by Watson and Tellegen (1985), we obtained a significant correlation between positive activation and extraversion and between negative activation and neuroticism. This demonstrates that these relations, previously observed in personality studies by Watson & Clark (1992a), extend to the musical field.
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Ratovohery, Stéphie, Alexia Baudouin, Juliette Palisson, Didier Maillet, Olivier Bailon, Catherine Belin, and Pauline Narme. "Music as a mnemonic strategy to mitigate verbal episodic memory in Alzheimer’s disease: Does musical valence matter?" Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology 41, no. 10 (August 9, 2019): 1060–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13803395.2019.1650897.
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Gotsoulia, Voula. "Formalization of linking information in the FrameNet lexicon." Constructions and Frames 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2012): 103–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.4.2.01got.
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The paper presents a novel approach to formalization of linking information in the FrameNet lexicon and to acquisition of a principled syntax-semantics interface, suitable for generalizing over combinatorial properties (valences) of predicators. Focusing on verbs that denote ‘notions’, it adopts an entailment-based view of the concept of semantic role, proposing representations of verbal arguments based on semantically primitive, grammatically relevant properties, entailed by the meaning of predicators (lexical entailments). Such generic meaning components abstract over various semantic relations which humans tend to express systematically through language. A limited set of prototypical role-like concepts can be used for modeling the linking properties of a wide range of verbs, in a well-ordered fashion. In a preliminary study, frame-semantic representations of a set of notion verbs are mapped onto lexical entailment representations, in a portion of the FrameNet corpora. From the annotated data set, associations of semantic and grammatical categories are extracted and are formally rendered in entailment-based classes called Lexicalization Types (L-Types). L-Types are specified in terms of combinations of entailed properties, encoding distinctive predicate-argument structure patterns. A small number of L-Types is shown to readily abstract over the valence patterns of verbs classified in a variety of FrameNet frames. The latter are not systematically connected for purposes of linking. Valence generalizations in the FrameNet lexicon are acquired through appropriate frame-to-frame relations forming the frame hierarchy. L-Types can be represented as abstract, non-lexicalized frames specifying linking constraints. Mappings between L-Types and more specific frames can be encoded by means of a new frame relation modeling the syntax-semantics interface. Such a relation would simplify the current picture of the frame hierarchy by essentially decoupling purely lexical semantic information from information pertaining to linking.
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Rott, Julian A., Elisabeth Verhoeven, and Paola Fritz-Huechante. "Valence orientation and psych properties: Toward a typology of the psych alternation." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 401–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0020.
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AbstractLanguages differ with respect to the morphological structure of their verbal inventory: some languages predominantly derive intransitive experiencer-subject verbs from more basic transitive experiencer-object verbs by morphosyntactic operations such as stative passivization (e.g., German, English), reflexivization (e.g., German, Spanish), or mediopassive voice (e.g., Greek, Icelandic). Other languages apply transitivizing operations of causativization to intransitive basic forms, e.g., via causative affixes (e.g., Turkish, Japanese, Yucatec Maya) or embedding under causative predicates (e.g., Korean, Chinese). Yet other languages derive both alternants from a common base (e.g., Hungarian, Cabécar). This classification is especially pertinent when applied to psych verbs, given that variable linking is a widely recognized characteristic of this domain. The valence orientation profile of a language’s psych domain has recently been linked to the presence or absence of noncanonical syntax, another well-known property of psych predicates. This article reports results from an ongoing study which aims to test this observation on a larger typological scale, presenting comparative empirical data on the interplay of morphology and syntax in the psych domains of Icelandic, Spanish, Korean, Chinese, Yucatec Maya, Finnish, Turkish, and Bété.
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Toet and van Erp. "The EmojiGrid as a Tool to Assess Experienced and Perceived Emotions." Psych 1, no. 1 (September 14, 2019): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych1010036.
Full textAbstract:
In a recent study on food-evoked emotions, we observed that people often misunderstood the currently available affective self-report tools. We, therefore, developed a new intuitive and language-independent self-report instrument called the EmojiGrid: a rectangular response grid labeled with facial icons (emoji) that express different degrees of valence and arousal. We found that participants intuitively and reliably reported their affective appraisal of food by clicking on the EmojiGrid, even without verbal instructions. In this study, we investigated whether the EmojiGrid can also serve as a tool to assess one’s own (experienced) emotions and perceived emotions of others. In the first experiment, participants (N = 90) used the EmojiGrid to report their own emotions, evoked by affective images from a database with corresponding normative ratings (obtained with a 9-point self-assessment mannikin scale). In the second experiment, participants (N = 61) used the EmojiGrid to report the perceived emotional state of persons shown in different affective situations, in pictures from a database with corresponding normative ratings (obtained with a 7-point Likert scale). For both experiments, the affective (valence and arousal) ratings obtained with the EmojiGrid show excellent agreement with the data provided in the literature (intraclass correlations of at least 0.90). Also, the relation between valence and arousal shows the classic U-shape at the group level. Thus, the EmojiGrid appears to be a useful graphical self-report instrument for the assessment of evoked and perceived emotions.
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Shah, Dhavan V., Alex Hanna, Erik P. Bucy, Chris Wells, and Vidal Quevedo. "The Power of Television Images in a Social Media Age." ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 659, no. 1 (April 9, 2015): 225–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002716215569220.
Full textAbstract:
There is considerable controversy surrounding the study of presidential debates, particularly efforts to connect their content and impact. Research has long debated whether the citizenry reacts to what candidates say, how they say it, or simply how they appear. This study uses detailed coding of the first 2012 debate between Barack Obama and Mitt Romney to test the relative influence of the candidates’ verbal persuasiveness and nonverbal features on viewers’ “second screen” behavior—their use of computers, tablets, and mobile phones to enhance or extend the televised viewing experience. To examine these relationships, we merged two datasets: (1) a shot-by-shot content analysis coded for functional, tonal, and visual elements of both candidates’ communication behavior during the debate; and (2) corresponding real-time measures, synched and lagged, of the volume and sentiment of Twitter expression about Obama and Romney. We find the candidates’ facial expressions and physical gestures to be more consistent and robust predictors of the volume and valence of Twitter expression than candidates’ persuasive strategies, verbal utterances, and voice tone during the debate.