Academic literature on the topic 'Verbs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Verbs"
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Oomen, Marloes. "Spatial verbs are demonstration verbs." Revista Linguíʃtica 16, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 227–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31513/linguistica.2020.v16n3a36966.
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The literature has been divided over the question of whether spatial verbs should be subsumed into a single verb class with agreement verbs. The main point of contention has been that, even if the nature of the elements that these verb types agree with differs, the morphosyntactic mechanism, i.e. a path movement, appears to be the same. Contributing to this debate, this corpus-based study scrutinizes the morphosyntactic properties of a set of spatial verbs in German Sign Language (DGS). It is shown that spatial verbs display striking variability in where they begin and end their movement in space. They may align with locations or person loci, but often they simply mark arbitrary locations, which may convey meaningful yet less specific information about the (direction of) movement of a referent relative to the signer. Furthermore, null subjects are found to occur remarkably often in constructions with spatial verbs, despite the absence of systematic subject marking on the verb itself. These results stand in contrast with those reported for regular agreement verbs in DGS (OOMEN, 2020), and thus provide support for a distinction between the two types. It is proposed that spatial verbs in DGS involve a demonstration component (cf. DAVIDSON, 2015) which ensures the recoverability of referents involved in the event denoted by the verb, thus loosening the restrictions on both agreement marking and subject drop that apply to regular agreement verbs. As such, spatial verbs are argued to be somewhere in between conventionalized lexical verbs and classifier predicates.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------VERBOS ESPACIAIS SÃO VERBOS DE DEMONSTRAÇÃOA literatura não é consensual quanto à inclusão dos verbos espaciais na mesma classe que os verbos com concordância. O principal ponto de discordância tem sido que mesmo se os elementos que concordam com esses verbos são de naturezas diferentes, o mecanismo morfossintático, a saber, a movimento com trajetória, parece ser o mesmo utilizado por ambas as classes. Buscando contribuir para este debate, este estudo baseado em corpus escrutiniza as propriedades morfossintáticas de um grupo de verbos espaciais na língua de sinais alemã (DGS). Mostramos que os verbos espaciais exibem uma alta variação entre o local em que eles começam e terminam o seu movimento em trajetória. Eles podem alinhar o movimento com uma locação específica ou com os loci referenciais, no entanto, eles frequentemente preferem locações arbitrárias, que podem atribuir informações específicas, embora menos convencionais sobre (a direção do) movimento de um referente em relação ao sinalizante. Além disso, sujeitos nulos ocorrem com relativa frequência em construções com verbos espaciais, apesar da ausência sistemática da marcação de sujeito nesses verbos. Os resultados vão de encontro com os achados sobre os verbos de concordância regular em DGS (OOMEN, 2020), e isto traz evidência para existência de uma distinção entre os dois tipos de verbos. Propõem-se, então, que os verbos espaciais em DGS envolvem um componente demonstrativo (Cf. DAVIDSON, 2015) que garantiria a recuperação dos referentes envolvidos no evento denotado pelo verbo, e isso permitiria que esses verbos enfraquecessem aquelas restrições geralmente aplicáveis aos verbos de concordância regular, que são a marcação de concordância no verbo e a possibilidade de apagamento dos sujeitos. Deste modo, os verbos espaciais devem estar, então, em algum lugar entre os verbos lexicais mais convencionalizados e os sinais produtivos.---Original em inglês.
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Lein, Adeline Lelo, Faizal Arvianto, and Kristofel Bere Nahak. "VERBA BERKLITIK DALAM BAHASA LAMAHOLOT DIALEK LEWOKLUOK (Clitic Verb on Lamholot Language Lewokluok Dialect)." Kandai 18, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/jk.v18i2.3506.
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This reseacrh contains: (1) morphosyntax and semantic-syntax classification of clitic verb and (2) shape of clitic verb in Lamaholot language Lewokluok dialect (BLDL). In morphosyntax clitic verb on BLDL only consist of action verbs and process-action verb and syntactically is a transitive verb (V. trans+action). In addition, proclitic verbs on BLDL also have a semantic features action but syntactically is an intransitive verb (V. intrans+action). BLDL does not have proclitic verb which is syntactically ditranstive category. While the enclitic verbs on BLDL consists of action verbs, motion verbs), and cognition verbs, and semantic-syntactically is a verb that has semantic features action and process, but generally enclitic verb on BLDL is syntactically intransitive category. Based on its form, BLDL’s verb consist of (1) verbs that cannot stand alone (bound root morpheme) that must be attached to proclitic; and (2) verbs that can stand alone (free root morpheme) and can attach themselves to clitic. In addition, BLDL verb forms also can appear as (3) verbs that can stand alone, without experiencing any process-called simple verb; (4) The verb that has serialization structure or serial verbs. Tulisan ini berisi tentang (1) klasifikasi verba berklitik secara morfosintaksis dan semantis-sintaksis dalam bahasa Lamaholot dialek Lewokluok (BLDL); (2) bentuk verba berklitik dalam BLDL. Secara morfosintaksis verba berproklitik pada BLDL hanya terdiri atas verba aksi (actions) dan verba aksi-proses (action-process) dan secara sintaksis merupakan verba transitif (V. trans+aksi). Selain itu, verba berproklitik pada BLDL juga memiliki ciri semantis tindakan namun secara sintaksis merupakan verba intransitif (V. intrans+aksi). BLDL tidak memiliki verba berproklitik yang secara sintaksis berupa dwitransitif. Sedangkan pada verba berenklitik pada BLDL terdiri atas verba aksi (actions), verba gerakan (motion), dan verba kognisi, dan secara semantis-sintaksis merupakan verba yang memiliki ciri semantis tindakan (actions) dan proses. Namun, umumnya secara sintaksis verba berenklitik pada BLDL berkategori verba intransitif. Verba BLDL ditinjau dari segi bentuk terdiri atas (1) verba yang tidak dapat berdiri sendiri (bound root morpheme) sehingga wajib mendapat bentuk klitik, dan dalam penelitian ini peneliti menyebutnya sebagai verba berprolitik; dan (2) verba yang dapat berdiri sendiri (free root morpheme) dan bisa melekatkan diri pada klitik. Selain itu, bentuk verba BLDL juga dapat tampil menjadi (3) verba yang dapat berdiri sendiri, tanpa mengalami proses apapun atau disebut dengan verba sederhana; (4) verba yang memiliki struktur serialisasi atau verba serial.
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Gaatone, David. "Ces insupportables verbes supports." Verbes supports 27, no. 2 (June 10, 2005): 239–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.27.2.07gaa.
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Among non predicative verbs such as copulas, auxiliaries and various modal verbs, the so-called “verbes supports” (light verbs) are by far the most numerous class, and, moreover, an ever expanding one. They are supposed to carry very little meaning, or no meaning at all and, as a consequence, have no argument structure. Their role is merely to enable another word, mainly a noun, to function as a predicate, which selects its arguments and also its “verbe support” (prendre une décision = décider, avoir recours à = recourir à). One may suspect that the reason for the proliferation of that class lies mainly in the vagueness of the criteria chosen for deciding which verb may be considered as a “verbe support”. We try here to discuss that problem through the description of a small subset of French verbs designating events (arriver, avoir lieu, se passer, se produire, se tenir, etc.), which have also been labelled “verbes supports” by many linguists. The semantic and syntactic behavior of those verbs suggests that they should be analyzed as semantically close to one another rather than “supports”, since the properties generally taken as characterizing the latter do not easily apply to the former.
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Wisintainer, Danielle dos Santos, and Mailce Borges Mota. "O processamento de phrasal verbs figurativos." Cadernos de Estudos Lingüísticos 61 (April 24, 2019): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20396/cel.v61i0.8654245.
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Construções fraseológicas, tais como phrasal verbs, podem ser definidas como uma sequência de palavras pré-fabricadas. Phrasal verbs apresentam verbo e partícula os quais podem ter significados literais e figurativos. No presente estudo investigamos o processamento on-line de phrasal verbs figurativos (ex. figure out) e verbos lexicais (ex. understand) por meio do registro do movimento dos olhos. Movimentos oculares de 12 falantes avançados de inglês como L2 (falantes nativos de português brasileiro) foram comparados aos de 12 falantes nativos de inglês durante a leitura de sentenças contendo phrasal verbs figurativos e verbos lexicais em inglês. Os resultados mostram que nas medidas posteriores (Total Reading Time), os falantes de inglês como L2 dispensaram mais esforço cognitivo na leitura de phrasal verbs figurativos do que verbos lexicais, em comparação com falantes nativos de inglês. Esses resultados foram interpretados como evidência de que os falantes de inglês como L2 tentaram analisar cada componente do phrasal verb figurativo (ex. look for), o que desacelerou o processamento. Os resultados são discutidos à luz das teorias sobre o processamento da linguagem figurativa e literal.
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Ridwan, Muhammad, and Triyanti Nurul Hidayati. "VERBA TRILITERAL BAHASA ARAB: TINJAUAN DARI PREPEKTIF MORFOLOGI DERIVASI DAN INFLEKSI." Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra 15, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/bs_jpbsp.v15i1.803.
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AbstractAs aglutination language arabic verb is polymorphemic word. Among the Arabic verbs are verbs called basic triliteral verbs. In addition to the root morpheme, three are other morphemes contained in the basic triliteral verbs. This study is to reveal the number and shape of morphemes contained basic triliteral verb. Methode of data collection to gather basic triliteral verb conjugation and listening means. The analys method used is distributional method that realized with the technique opposition, the immediate constituen. The conclution of this research the basic triliteral verbs commpossed by the root morpheme, transffix, affixperson, number, and gender.Keywords: Aglutination, basic triliteral verbs, morpheme, affix. AbstrakSebagai bahasa bertipe aglutinatif, verba dalam bahasa Arab memiliki bentuk-bentuk inflektif dan derivatif karena verba bahasa Arab merupakan kata polimorfermik. Di antara verba-verba bahasa Arab terdapat verba yang disebut verba dasar triliteral. Selain morfem akar, terdapat morfem-morfem lain yang terdapat pada verba dasar triliteral. Makalah ini mengungkap paradigma persona, jumlah, dan gender pada verba dasar trilateral. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyimak konjugasi verba dasar triliteral. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode agih dengan teknik bagi unsur langsung dan oposisi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah verba dasar triliteral tersusun atas morfem akar, transfiks, dan afiks persona, jumlah dan jenis.Kata-kata kunci: Aglutinatif, verba dasar triliteral, morfem, afiks.
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Kartika, Diana. "PERBANDINGAN VERBATRANSITIF DAN INTRANSITIFBAHASA INDONESIA DAN BAHASAJEPANG: TINJAUAN ANALISIS KONTRASTIF." Jurnal KATA 1, no. 1 (May 12, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22216/jk.v1i1.1721.
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<p>This study focus on differences grammatical between transitive and intransitif verb forms Indonesian and Japanese that analyzed by comparing it. This study used contrastive analysis, of all the elements lingual, in this research the object of this study is the morphological form of transitive and intransitif verbs in Indonesian and Japanese. After analysed with contrastive how the shape of transitive and intransitif verbs from both languages, then concluded as the final result of this study. The results of this study show that, (1) transitive verbs in Japanese need the object in the sentence and intransitif verbs in Japanese doesn’t need the object in a sentence. Then, Indonesian transitive verbs are verbs that require object. (2) The transitive verb in Japanese is patterned (subject) wa / ga (object) o (transitive verb-tadoushi). Then, the intransitif verb in Japanese patterned (subject) ga (intransitif verb-jidoushi). In Indonesian sentence patterns transitive and intransitif verbs S + P, which distinguishes the two verbs that are on each object. (3) in Japanese transitive and intransitif verbs have endings as markers of each verb. Namely: a) -aru (tran), -eru (intran), b) -aru (intran), u (tran), c) -reru (intra), -sU (tran), d) -reru (intra- ), -ru (tran), e) - arareru (intran), u (trans), f) -ru (intran), -sU (tran), g) -eru (intran), -asu (tran), h) -u (intran), -asu (tran), i) -iru (intra), -osu (tran), and j) -u (intran), -eru (tran). While in Indonesian for a transitive verb is marked with the suffix Me-, memper-, memper-kan, me-i, memper-I, me-kan and verba intransitif marked by basic verbs, and suffix ber-, ber-kan, ter-, ke-an.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini berfokus terhadap perbedaan gramatikal bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang yang dianalisis dengan cara membandingkan bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kontrastif, dari semua unsur lingual kajian linguistic dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi objek kajian adalah morfologi bentuk verba transitif dan intransitif dalam bahasa Indonesia dan bahasa Jepang. Setelah dikontrastifkan bagaimana bentuk verba transitif dan verba intransitif dari kedua bahasa tersebut kemudian ditarik kesimpulan sebagai hasil akhir dari penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa, (1) verba transitif dalam bahasa Jepang memerlukan objek penderita pada kalimat tersebut dan verba intransitif dalam bahasa Jepang tidak perlu objek penderita dalam sebuah kalimat. Sedangkan verba transitif dalam bahasa Indonesia adalah verba yang membutuhkan objek. (2) Verba transitif dalam bahasa Jepang ini berpola (subjek) wa/ga (objek) o (kata kerja transitif-tadoushi). Sedangkan verba intransitif dalam bahasa Jepang berpola (subyek) ga (kata kerja intransitif-jidoushi). Sedangkan dalam bahasa Indonesia pola kalimat verba transitif dan intransitif S+P, yang membedakan dari kedua verba tersebut hanyalah pada objek masing-masing. (3) dalam bahasa Jepang verba transitif dan intransitif memiliki akhiran sebagai penanda masing-masing verba. Yaitu:a) -aru (tran), -eru (intran), b) –aru (intran), -u (tran), c) –reru (intra), -su (tran), d) –reru (intra), -ru (tran), e) – arareru (intran), -u (trans), f) –ru (intran), -su (tran), g) –eru (intran), -asu (tran), h) –u (intran), -asu (tran), i) –iru (intra), -osu (tran), dan j) –u (intran), -eru (tran). Sedangkan dalam bahasa Indonesia untuk verba transitif ditandai dengan imbuhan Me-, memper-, memper-kan, me-i, memper-I, me-kan dan verba intransitif ditandai dengan Verba dasar, dan imbuhan ber-, ber-kan, ter-, ke-an.</p><p> </p>
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Cao, Deborah. "The Illocutionary Act in Translating Chinese Legislative Texts." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 44, no. 3 (January 1, 1998): 244–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.44.3.05cao.
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Abstract In this paper one of the prominent linguistic features of legal texts, the illocutionary force, is discussed through the examination of legal performatives found in Chinese legistation and their translation into English. This paper identifies some of the characteristics of illocutionary force in Chinese legislation. An analysis of Chinese legislation has identified five types of performative verbs: (a) verbs preceded by bixu/xu (must or shall); (b) verbs preceded by yingdang/yinggai/ying (should or ought to); (c) verbs in the present tense without any modal verbs: zero performative; (d) verbs preceded by keyi (may); and (e) verbs precede by bude (must not, or shall not). The article argues that illocutionary force is a paramount consideration for legal translators and that effective translation of legislative texts depends upon a high level of translational language competence including illocutionary competence. Résumé Dans cet article, l'un des éléments saillants des textes juridiques, la force illocutionaire, est discutée en examinant les verbes performatifs juridiques trouvés dans la législation chinoise et leur traduction en langue anglaise. L'article identifie quelques caractéristiques de la force illocutionaire dans la législation chinoise. L'analyse de la législation chinoise a permis de reconnaître cinq types de verbes performatifs: (a) les verbes précédés de bixu/xu, ce qui équivaut à l'auxiliaire (must or shall), c'est-à-dire deux formes du verbe 'devoir'; (b) les verbes précédés de yingdang/yinggai/ying (should or ought to), c'est-à-dire forme conditionnelle ou impérative du verbe; (c) les verbes à l'indicatif présent sans aucuns verbes de modalité; verbes performatifs (zéro); (d) les verbes précédés de keyi (may, soit verbe auxiliaire modale); et (e) les verbes précédés de bude (must not or shall not), c'est-à-dire auxiliaires impératifs négatifs. L'article soutient que la force illocutionaire forme un élément majeur pour les traducteurs de textes juridiques et que la traduction même de textes juridiques repose sur une compétence très élevée du langage traductionnel et, en ce comprise la compétence illocutionaire.
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Tragel, Ilona, and Jane Klavan. "Kuhu suundub püsivus? Verbidega jääma ja jätma väljendatud sündmuste kujutamine katses." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 12, no. 1 (September 6, 2021): 369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2021.12.1.10.
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Kokkuvõte. Uurimus põhineb autorite välja töötatud joonistamise ja häälega mõtlemise katse tulemustel. Katses paluti katseisikutel (21 eesti keelt emakeelena kõnelejat) kujutada ja selgitada katse läbiviijale 24 verbi suunda (näiteks nooltega). Selles artiklis esitame täpsemalt neist kahe – jääma ja jätma – analüüsi. Verb jätma on jääma kausatiivtuletis. See mõjutab ka nende tähenduserinevust – jääma on passiivsem, jätma aga aktiivsem ja agenti rõhutav. Katseisikute kujutiste ja selgituste põhjal kirjeldame, milline oli noolte suund kujutistel ja millistest elementidest koosneb mõlema uuritava verbi skeem. Selgus, et katseisikud kujutasid verbi jätma suunda nooltega, verbi jääma oli kujutatud pigem punktide, täppide, ringide või kaarjate joontega. Kujutistel ja selgitustes avaldusid ka tüüpilised skeemi osalised: JÄÄJA, JÄTJA ja JÄETU. Mõlema verbi tegevuse aega kujutati ja selgitati minevikulisusega. Sarnane on ka nende verbide mõistemetafoorsus: mõlemad kajastavad pigem negatiivset hinnangut. Verbi jääma tähenduses on olulisel kohal see, et potentsiaalne muutus ei toimu. Verb jätma väljendab aga seda, et potentsiaalse muutuse mittetoimumine põhjustatakse.
Abstract. Ilona Tragel, Jane Klavan: The direction and participants of the events expressed by the verbs jääma and jätma: a drawing experiment. We use an innovative experimental design to extract the regularities of the general conceptual structure from the speakers’ mind: a drawing task with a thinkaloud protocol. 21 native speakers of Estonian provided schematic representations of 20 experimental verbs and 4 control verbs. Our discussion focuses on jääma ‘stay, remain’ and jätma ‘leave something somewhere’. jääma typically expresses intransitive events and jätma transitive events. We zoom in on the following topics: transitivity and causativity, the positive/negative evaluation of the activity, the schematic representation of the direction of verbs and the elements belonging to the verb schema. Our study shows that the differences in the transitivity of the two verbs are reflected in the drawings and explanations given by the participants. Our results confirm the general prediction that abstract verbs have an image-schematic direction, but the specifics of the direction vary according to the type of verb.
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Wisintainer, Danielle Dos Santos, and Mailce Borges Mota. "Processing of literal phrasal verbs by non-native and native speakers of English: an eye movement study." Letrônica 10, no. 2 (March 23, 2018): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1984-4301.2017.2.26451.
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*O processamento de phrasal verbs literais por falantes não-nativos e nativos de inglês: um estudo do movimento dos olhos*Estudos recentes sobre aprendizagem de phrasal verbs por aprendizes de inglês como segunda língua (L2) ainda apresentam uma lacuna na discussão acerca da natureza do processamento desse tipo de verbo no curso da aprendizagem. O principal objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o processamento online de phrasal verbs por aprendizes de inglês como L2, de nível avançado, falantes nativos de português brasileiro (PB). Dezesseis voluntários (8 falantes nativos de PB e 8 falantes nativos de inglês) participaram de um experimento em que foi verificado se houve diferenças entre o processamento de phrasal verbs literais e verbos lexicais. Para esta verificação, foi registrado o movimento dos olhos dos participantes enquanto liam sentenças que continham um dos dois tipos de verbos. As medidas de tempo de primeira leitura e tempo total de leitura na região de interesse mostraram que os aprendizes de inglês como L2 dedicaram mais atenção aos phrasal verbs do que aos verbos lexicais, o que interpretamos como evidência de um custo maior no processamento de sentenças com phrasal verbs do que naquelas com verbos lexicais. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de hipóteses sobre o processamento de phrasal verbs.
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Estivalet, Gustavo Lopez, and Fanny Elise Meunier. "Processamento do verbo francês através da decomposição lexical." Caligrama: Revista de Estudos Românicos 20, no. 2 (January 27, 2016): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2238-3824.20.2.73-93.
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<p>O presente trabalho realizou uma investigação psicolinguística da decomposição morfológica verbal no acesso lexical em francês. Aplicou-se um experimento de decisão lexical visual com diferentes tipos de estruturas verbais como estímulos, a fim de identificar os processos de decomposição lexical, a estrutura hierárquica do verbo francês e o processamento dos diferentes morfemas para o acesso lexical no reconhecimento visual de verbos. Testaram-se diferentes tipos de verbos e pseudoverbos com as seguintes estruturas: a. morfologicamente ilegais (*<em>abrou</em>), b. contendo somente base existente (*<em>[aim]ou</em>), c. contendo somente sufixo flexional existente (*<em>abr[ons]</em>), d. inexistentes mas morfologicamente legais (*<em>[aim][ir]</em>) e e. existentes e morfologicamente legais (<em>[[aim][ons]]</em>). Ainda, testaram-se verbos com: a. um (<em>aim[ons]</em>) ou b. dois (<em>aim[i][ons]</em>) sufixos flexionais, e a mesma testagem foi feita com pseudoverbos (*<em>abr[ons]</em>, *<em>abr[i][ons]</em>), para identificar diferenças no processamento morfossintático. As análises estatísticas apresentaram diferenças significativas entre pseudoverbos contendo apenas base existente e verbos existentes, e entre pseudoverbos contendo apenas sufixo flexional existente e verbos inexistentes mas morfologicamente legais. Houve diferenças significativas em relação ao número de sufixos flexionais nos pseudoverbos contendo somente sufixo flexional existente, assim como nos verbos existentes e morfologicamente legais. Assim, esse estudo estabeleceu a hierarquia do processamento dos diferentes morfemas que constituem o verbo francês. Os resultados mostram que todos os verbos do francês são passíveis de decomposição, sendo primeiramente decompostos em base e sufixos flexionais e posteriormente possuem seu morfema lexical da base ativado para o acesso semântico. A presente investigação sugere um modelo de decomposição morfológica completa em unidades mínimas para o acesso lexical e reconhecimento visual do verbo francês.</p><p>This study conducted a psycholinguistic investigation of the verbal morphological decomposition in French lexical access. It was applied a visual lexical decision task experiment with different types of verbal structures as stimuli to identify the word decompositional processes, the hierarchical structure of the French verb, and the processing of the different morphemes for lexical access in visual word recognition. The different structures of verbs and pseudoverbs tested were: a. morphologically illegal (*<em>abrou</em>), b. only existent base (*<em>[aim] ou</em>), c. only existent inflectional suffix (*<em>abr[ons]</em>), d. inexistent but morphologically legal (*<em>[aim][ir]</em>), and e. existent and morphologically legal (<em>[[aim][ons]]</em>). It was also tested verbs with: a. one (<em>aim[ons]</em>) or b. two (<em>aim[i][ons]</em>) inflectional suffixes, and the same test was made on pseudoverbs (*<em>abr[ons]</em>, *<em>abr[i][ons]</em>), in order to identify the morphosyntactic processing differences. The statistical analyses showed significant differences between pseudoverbs containing only existent base and existent verbs, and between pseudoverbs containing only existent inflectional suffix and inexistent but morphologically legal verbs. Still, there were significant differences in relation to the number of inflectional suffixes in pseudoverbs containing only existent inflectional suffix and in existent and morphologically legal verbs. Therefore, this study establishes the processing hierarchy of the different morphemes concatenated in the French verb. Finally, the results indicate that all verbs are decomposable, being early decomposed into base and inflectional suffixes and later have the base lexical morpheme activated for semantic access. Overall, the present investigation suggests a full decompositional morphological model in minimal units for the lexical access and visual word recognition on French verbs.</p>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Verbs"
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Bernardo, Kelly Viviane. "Estruturas serializadas no português do Brasil: a gramaticalização de vir e virar e sua identificação como verbo serial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8142/tde-03122008-154909/.
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No presente trabalho, analiso o comportamento funcional dos verbos vir e virar, no português brasileiro contemporâneo, desde a sua atuação em estruturas simples à formação de estruturas complexas. Desenvolvida sob o paradigma do funcionalismo lingüístico, esta dissertação baseiase em dados de língua falada, coletados a partir do banco de dados do projeto PEUL e NURC. A fim de sustentar a hipótese que permeia o objetivo deste trabalho, também foram coletados dados de língua escrita e falada através do mecanismo de busca Google e, também, do corpusdoportugues.org. A partir da amostra constituída, verifico a possibilidade de derivação de um uso a outro, os quais são organizados em padrões funcionais. Desta forma, são demonstrados casos em que, à medida que novas estruturas são colocadas em uso, os verbos, em análise, apresentam, gradativamente, um desgaste semântico, seguindo, assim, uma linha unidirecional de desenvolvimento. Em oposição aos estudos de gramaticalização que, segundo os autores, visam a um percurso unilinear quanto ao desenvolvimento de um léxico em que podemos reconhecer pontos e estabelecer derivações entre esses pontos, testo a validade da teoria multissitêmica, que nega o processo de derivação. As discussões tecidas culminam com a formulação de questionamento relativo à direção de mudança assumida pelos itens: vir e virar percorreriam um caminho unidirecional ou multidirecional de desenvolvimento? Apresento, então, evidências de que ao mesmo tempo em que há a derivação, apresentando, assim, um desgaste gradativo de desenvolvimento, há também a simultaneidade de processos. Ainda, com base nos dados expostos, observo o uso de uma estrutura que permanece fora do âmbito da literatura lingüística. Tratase das estruturas que apresentam seqüências verbais, aqui rotuladas de serialização verbal, em que o verbo que ocupa a primeira posição da sentença apresentase quase ou totalmente dessemantizado, podendo assumir uma categorização sintática de VERBOS QUASESERIAIS ou de VERBOS SERIAIS.In the present work, I analyze the functional behavior of the verbs to come (VIR) and to turn (VIRAR), in the contemporary Brazilian Portuguese, from their performance in simple structures to the formation of complex structures. This dissertation is developed under the paradigm of the linguistic functionalism and it is based on data from spoken language, these were collected from the data base of PEUL and NURC projects. In order to support the hypothesis that permeates the aim of this work, there had been also collected from the written and spoken language through the mechanism of Google search and, also, corpusdoportugues.org. I verify the possibility of derivation between one use or another when facing the collected samples, which are organized in functional standards. In such a way, cases are demonstrated where to the measure that new structures are placed in use, the analyzed verbs present semantic erosion in a gradual way, thus following a unidirectional line of development. In opposition to the grammaticalization studies that, according to authors, they aim a unidirectional route about the development of a lexicon, that is a representation through a line, in which we can recognize points and establish derivations among these points, I test the validity of the multissistemic theory when denying the derivation process. The studies point to an unknown/incognito formation presents among the investigated theories in this work: would to come (VIR) and to turn (VIRAR) go through a unidirectional or multidirectional way of development? In accordance with the achieved occurrences/tokens, I notice that at the same time where it has the hypothesis of that a use has derived from another one, presenting, then, a development gradual erosion, there also. Still, based on the displayed data, I observe the use of a structure that remains outside of the scope of linguistic literature. These structures are formed from a minimum sequence of V1 and V2, in which V1 corresponds to one of the verbs to come (VIR) and to turn (VIRAR) and V2 is relatively free. In this work, these types of constructions are dealt with as a verbal case of 6 serialization, and V1 is presented almost or total dessemanticized, which assumes a syntactic categorization of ALMOSTSERIAIS VERBS or SERIAL VERBS.
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Koulibali, Yelle. "Les constructions des verbes hyperfréquents dans des corpus d’écrits scolaires : Contribution d’une étude textométrique à la connaissance des usages des verbes de parole et d'états mentaux par les collegiens de (6e et 5e) en éducation prioritaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., CY Cergy Paris Université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023CYUN1254.
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Les recherches sur l’écriture scolaire ont longtemps privilégié des analyses qualitatives enraison des difficultés d’exploitation quantitative en traitement automatique du langage. Cesdifficultés étaient principalement dues au caractère non normé de ces écrits qui les rendaitjusqu’à présent réfractaires à la numérisation, à l’étiquetage et même à l’analyse (Elalouf &Boré, 2007). Un traitement avec le logiciel iTrameur, établi en collaboration avec le laboratoire CLESTHIA (Doquet, David & Fleury, 2017), nous a permis d’effectuer l’analyse textométrique d’un corpus d’écrits scolaires constitué de dix séries de dossiers génétiques comportant chacun l’ensemble des productions écrites d’une classe de l’avant-texte à la version finale. Ce corpus a été recueilli en classes de 6e et de 5e sur une durée de 3 ans dans le cadre d’une recherche collaborative visant à expérimenter un dispositif d’accompagnement à l’autonomie scripturale.Il est venu compléter un premier corpus d’écrits scolaires, scanné, transcrit et annoté, réalisé dans le cadre de notre stage de master au laboratoire ÉMA, et déposé sur le site Ortolang proposé par Huma.Notre hypothèse est qu’un codage systématique des verbes de parole et d’état mental,s’appuyant sur la construction d’un lexique-grammaire (Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997)ferait apparaître la variété des formes et des constructions attestées dans les usages langagiers des élèves. L’objectif de la thèse est de caractériser parmi ces emplois ceux des verbes hyperfréquents. Ces verbes, dont les travaux pionniers de Jacqueline Picoche (2002) ont montré l’importance dans l’organisation du lexique, ont la particularité d’être très polysémiques et d’entrer dans de nombreuses constructions. Notre analyse a consisté à comparer les constructions observées dans le corpus d’écrits scolaires à celles recensées dans des dictionnaires d’apprentissage ainsi que dans le corpus oral Orféo, en tenant compte de la fréquence des verbes que les élèves ont pu rencontrer dans leurs manuels de lecture du primaire grâce à la base Manulex. Nos résultats montrent que les structures fondamentales du français sont présentes dans notre corpus et que des réseaux lexicaux relient des verbes hyperfréquents à d’autres moins fréquents. Nous avons pu montrer que la présence ou l’absence de certains verbes était étroitement liée au genre de texte demandé par la consigne et aux possibilités de relecture, discussion orale et réécriture permises par le dispositif. Ces résultats confirment que le verbe est une catégorie majeure pour l’apprentissage du lexique et de l’écriture en raison de son rôle dans l’énonciation, la relation prédicative et l’organisation discursiveResearch on academic writing has long favored qualitative analyzes due to the difficulties ofquantitative exploitation in automatic language processing. These difficulties were mainly due to the non-standardized nature of these writings which until now made them refractory to digitization, labeling and even analysis (Elalouf & Boré, 2007). Treatment with iTrameursoftware, established in collaboration with the CLESTHIA laboratory (Doquet, David &Fleury, 2017), allowed a textometric analysis of a corpus of school writings consisting of tenseries of genetic files, each containing all the written productions of a class from the preliminary text to the final version. This corpus was collected in classes of 6e and 5e over a period of 3 years as part of a collaborative research aimed at experimenting with a support system for scriptural autonomy. It came to complete a first corpus of school writings, scanned, transcribed and annotated, realized as part of our master's internship at the EMA laboratory, and deposited on the Ortolang website proposed by Huma. Our hypothesis is that a systematic coding of speech and mental state verbs, based on the construction of a lexicon-grammar (Dubois & Dubois-Charlier, 1997) would reveal the variety of forms and constructions attested in the language uses of students. The objective of the thesis is to characterize among these uses those of hyperfrequent verbs. These verbs, whose pioneering work of Jacqueline Picoche (2002) showed the importance in the organization of the lexicon, have the particularity of being very polysemic and entering into many constructions.Our analysis consisted in comparing the constructions observed in the corpus of school writings with those identified in learning dictionaries as well as in the Orféo oral corpus, taking into account the frequency of verbs that students were able to encounter in their primary reading textbooks thanks to the Manulex database. Our results show that the fundamental structures of French are present in our corpus and that lexical networks connect hyperfrequent verbs to less frequent ones. We were able to show that the presence or absence of certain verbs was closely related to the type of text requested by the instruction and the possibilities of rereading, oral discussion and rewriting allowed by the writing protocol. These results confirm that the verb is a major category for lexicon and writing learning because of its role in enunciation, predicative relationship and discursive organization
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Alhussein, Abd. "Les verbes causatifs de déplacement à polarité initiale et leurs dérivés en français : étude morphologique, syntaxique et sémantique." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC017.
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Notre thèse se donne pour objectif d’analyser les facteurs de l’expression du déplacement, de la causativité et de la polarité locative dans une sous-classe de verbes du français, les verbes causatifs de déplacement à polarité initiale. Le corpus de nos verbes puisés dans les exemples des LADL est de 250 verbes environ. Nous partons du constat que les verbes de cette sous-classe ne peuvent être identifiés en dehors de constructions particulières et nous tentons de vérifier que la notion de déplacement qu’ils sont susceptibles de dénoter est, selon le cas, ou bien centrale par rapport au sémantisme du verbe, ou bien périphérique ou bien encore favorisée par le contexte immédiat. Nous tentons également de montrer que, ces verbes ne sont pas nécessairement causatifs ou de polarité initiale dans tous leurs emplois.Nous commençons par identifier les verbes causatifs de notre corpus en portant à jour leurs propriétés définitoires et nous émettons une première hypothèse sur leur statut de verbes de verbes de déplacement (centraux, périphériques, occasionnels, étant entendu que dans le type de construction retenu initialement ils sont toujours causatifs et de polarité initiale. Nous vérifions ensuite cette hypothèse fondée sur un seul emploi de nos verbes en analysant leurs autres emplois au regard des notions de déplacement, de causativité et de polarité initiale. Cette analyse s’appuie sur le principe qu’en général les verbes de déplacement centraux sont de vrais de déplacement en ce sens que leurs valeurs sémantiquesOur thesis aims to analyze the factors of the expression of displacement, causativity and locative polarity in a subclass of French verbs, the causative verbs of displacement at initial polarity. The corpus of our verbs, drawn from the LADL examples, is about 250 verbs. We start from the observation that the verbs of this subclass can not be identified outside of particular constructions and we try to verify that the notion of displacement that they are likely to denote is, as the case may be, or central with respect to semantism of the verb, either peripheral or even favored by the immediate context. We also try to show that, these verbs are not necessarily causative or of initial polarity in all their jobs.We begin by identifying the causative verbs of our corpus by updating their defining properties and we emit a first hypothesis on their status as verbs of displacement verbs (central, peripheral, occasional, it being understood that in the type of construction initially chosen they are always causative and of initial polarity, and then we test this hypothesis based on a single use of our verbs by analyzing their other jobs with respect to the notions of displacement, causativity and initial polarity. This analysis is based on the principle that in general the central displacement verbs are real displacement in the sense that their semantic values
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Shimoyoshi, Ayumi. "Psych verbs in Spanish and Japanese." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393731.
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Psych verbs display variations in the argument realization and this has been problematic
for the theories that assume a uniform relationship between semantic properties and
syntactic configurations. This dissertation conducts a cross-linguistic analysis of psych
verbs in Spanish and Japanese, and illustrates how semantic properties such as thematic
relation, lexical aspect and causativity interact with each other and correlate to
morphosyntactic phenomena, such as case alternations and (anti)causativizations. The
variations of argument realization, including case alternations linked with thematic
relations of arguments, are accounted for by the aspectual differences described in terms
of the notion of ‘boundary.’ Semantic variations found between certain verbs of these
languages, including aspectual ones, are ascribed to the anticausative-causative contrast
characterizing this pair of languages and to the nature of the (anti)causative operations
these languages employ. This thematic-aspectual-causative analysis of psych verbs not
only provides support for a systematic semantic-(morpho)syntax relationship but also
offers insights into cross-linguistic semantic variations caused by typological contrast.Los verbos psicológicos varían en la realización argumental y esto ha resultado problemático para las teorías que asumen una relación uniforme entre propiedades semánticas y configuraciones sintácticas. Esta tesis realiza un análisis interlingüístico sobre los verbos psicológicos del español y el japonés, e ilustra el modo en que propiedades semánticas como relación temática, aspecto léxico y causatividad interactúan entre ellas y se relacionan con fenómenos morfosintácticos como las alternancias de caso y (anti)causativizaciones. Las variaciones de la realización argumental, incluidas las alternancias de caso que se vinculan con las relaciones temáticas de los argumentos, se explican por las diferencias aspectuales descritas a partir de la noción de “boundary.” Las variaciones semánticas entre ciertos verbos de estas lenguas, incluso las diferencias aspectuales, se atribuyen tanto al contraste anticausativo-causativo que caracteriza a esta pareja de las lenguas como a la naturaleza de sus operaciones (anti)causativas. Este análisis temático-aspectual-causativo de los verbos psicológicos no sólo presenta resultados que apoyan una relación semántica- (morfo)sintáctica sistemática, sino que también amplía el conocimiento de las variaciones semánticas interlingüísticas determinadas por contraste tipológico.
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Sylla, Moctar. "Les passages régis par les verbes d’imminence assimilés ou apparentés et leurs traductions en français dans l’œuvre de Rachid El-Daïf." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAC012.
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Cette recherche porte sur les verbes d’imminence assimilés ou apparentés dans l’oeuvre de Rachid EL-DAÏF et leur traduction en français. Nous avons procédé à l’analyse de ces verbes en arabe ancien et moderne, ainsi qu’en français, dans une perspective contrastive afin de relever les similitudes et les différences entre les deux langues. Nous avons étudié les verbes d’imminence dans la première partie, les verbes de souhait ou de probabilité dans l’expression de la modalité dans la deuxième, les verbes inchoatifs dans la troisième, l’analyse du verbe pouvoir et de son équivalent devoir en français dans la quatrième, l’exposant temporel kâna à la forme préfixée dans la cinquième partieOur research concerns assimilated or related imminent verbs in the work of Rachid EL-DAÏF and their translation into French. We analyzed these verbs in ancient and modern Arabic, as well as in French, in a contrasting perspective in order to identify the similarities and differences between the two languages. We have studied the verbs of imminence in the first part, the verbs of desire or probability in the expression of the modality in the second, the verbs in the third, the verb power and its equivalent duty in French in the fourth, the temporal exponent kana to the form prefixed in the fifth part
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Ávila, Maria Carolina. "Propriedades semânticas e alternâncias sintáticas do verbo : um exercício exploratório de delimitação do significado /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93966.
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Orientador: Bento Carlos Dias da SilvaBanca: Maria Helena de Moura Neves
Banca: Rove Luiza de Oliveira Chishman
Resumo: A partir da hipótese de que a estrutura de argumentos projetada pelo verbo reflete aspectos da sua estrutura conceitual, esta dissertação investiga um conjunto de teorias que analisam essa interface sintaxe-semântica com o objetivo de recortar uma representação das dimensões sintática e semântica para essa classe lexical. Do ponto de vista lingüístico, analisam-se as propriedades léxico-semânticas de um conjunto de verbos do português do Brasil, extraído da base de verbos da rede WordNet.Br e nocionalmente correspondente à classe semântica dos verbos do inglês "Verbos de Destitução de Posse-Verbos do Tipo 'Roubar'", isolada por Levin (1993). As representações léxico-semântica e léxico-sintática fundamentam-se, respectivamente, na teoria sobre as Estruturas Conceituais de Jackendoff (1990, 2002) e na teoria sobre a Estrutura de Argumentos de Hale e Keyser (2002). Do ponto de vista lingüístico-computacional, desenvolvem-se uma estratégia de construção e refinamento dos synsets de verbos da rede WordNet.Br e uma proposta de representação formal das dimensões sintáticas e conceitual para os verbos.
Abstract: This thesis presents an inquiry on the lexical-syntactic and the lexical-semantic representation of verbs from the perspective that aspects of verb's argument structure reflect its conceptual structure. In the linguistic domain, the thesis investigates both the lexical-semantic and lexical-syntactic properties of the synset of Brazilian Portuguese verbs extracted from the WordNet.Br lexical database that corresponds to Levin's (1993) class of verbs of Possessional Deprivation-Steal/Rob Verbs. The lexical-semantic and lexical-syntactic representation are grounded in Jackendoff's (1990, 2002) Semantic Structures Theory and Hale and Keyser's (2002) Argument Structure Theory, respectively. In the computational-linguistic domain, it presents both a strategy for constructing and refining the WordNet.Br verb synsets and a formal representation for describing the syntactic and conceptual dimensions of verbs.
Mestre
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Santos, Sergio da Silva. "O estatuto morfossintático, semântico e pragmático dos verbos em construções apresentacionais não-existenciais /." São José do Rio Preto, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183331.
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Orientador: Marize Mattos Dall’Aglio-HattnherResumo: Esta tese consiste em uma análise dos verbos do português brasileiro em estruturas apresentacionais não-existenciais, que são estruturas que ocorrem em ordem V+SN. A tese é orientada pelos preceitos de teorias funcionalistas, mais precisamente pela Gramática Funcional, de Dik (1997), pela estrutura da informação, de Prince (1981), pela classificação semântica dos verbos de Borba (1990, 1996) e pela ordem dos constituintes no português do Brasil proposta por Pezatti (2012a, 2014). Para a realização do estudo, utilizou-se um córpus de língua oral, com 48 entrevistas, nas quais foram levantadas ocorrências com estruturas verbais construída em ordem V+SN. Foram utilizados três critérios para a análise dessas estruturas: o critério morfossintático, no qual se verificou o grau de concordância entre o verbo e o SN posposto ao verbo, e a possibilidade de alteração da ordem V+SN; o critério semântico, no qual se verificou a classificação semântica e o aspecto do verbo, o papel e os traços semânticos do SN posposto, bem como o tipo de entidade representada por ele; e o critério pragmático, no qual se verificou o estatuto do informacional do SN posposto. Partindo da hipótese de que os verbos que compõem estruturas apresentacionais nãoexistenciais não compõem um grupo homogêneo, procurou-se investigar como se constroem as estruturas formadas por esses verbos e como cada verbo identificado no córpus se comporta morfossintática, semântica e pragmaticamente. A análise dos dados resultou na ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This thesis consists of an analysis of Brazilian Portuguese verbs in non-existential presentational structures, which are structures that occur in the V+SN order. This thesis is oriented by precepts of the functionalist theories, more precisely by Dik’s Functional Grammar (1997), Prince’s (1981) information structure, Borba’s (1990, 1996) semantic classification of the verbs and by the order of the constituents in Brazilian Portuguese proposed by Pezatti (2012a, 2014). The data came from an oral language corpus, with 48 interviews, in which the occurrences with verbal structures in the V+SN order were raised. Three criteria were used to analyze these structures: the morphosyntactic one, in which the agreement between the verb and the SN after the verb was verified, as well as the possibility of alteration of the V+SN order; the semantic one, in which the semantic classification and the aspect of the verb were verified, the role and the semantic features of the SN after the verb as well as the kind of the entity represented by it; and the pragmatic criterion in which the informational status of the postponed SN was verified. Assuming that the verbs in the non-existential presentational structures do not compose a homogeneous group, we tried to investigate how the structures formed by these verbs are created and how each verb identified in the corpus behave syntactically, semantically and pragmatically. The data analysis resulted in the identification of four types of presentat... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Zhong, Qiuyue. "Verb Doubling in Chinese." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402254.
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Esta investigación es un trabajo sobre la duplicación verbal en chino.
En primer lugar, presento el fenómeno de duplicación en diferentes idiomas. El fenómeno de duplicación se observa en muchas lenguas y distintos dominios. Reviso la definición de reduplicación sintáctica de Barbiers (2008). Basándome esta definición, ofrezco la de duplicación verbal: un verbo léxico está expresado fonológicamente dos veces. Me concentro en la duplicación verbal en chino en esta tesis. Los patrones de duplicación verbal en este idioma se puede clasificar en dos grupos: reduplicación verbal “no-hendida” y duplicación verbal hendida.
En segundo lugar, proporciono una descripción general de los distintos patrones de reduplicación verbal en chino. Demuestro que el fenómeno de reduplicación se puede relacionar con nociones semánticas como tópico/foco, aspecto delimitativo, polaridad, presuposición y maximalidad. La discusión acerca de la reduplicación verbal incluye cuestiones como en qué contexto aparecen expresiones con reduplicación verbal y qué similitudes tienen estos patrones de reduplicación verbal.
Finalmente, propongo un análisis sobre la duplicación verbal hendida (verb doubling cleft - VDC) en chino. De acuerdo con Cheng y Vicente (2013), arguyo que el verbo duplicado en VDC experimenta movimiento (movimiento-A’) hasta [Esp, STop]. Además, el fenómeno de reduplicación tiene lugar por la imposibilidad de reducción de copias en la cadena formada por diferentes ocurrencias del verbo. Asumo que este problema está causado por una fusión con un núcleo aspectual (Cinque 1999).The present thesis aims to discuss verb doubling phenomenon in Chinese. First, I offer doubling phenomenon in languages, which shows that doubling phenomenon is observed in different languages and in different domains. Then, I review the definition of syntactic doubling in Barbiers (2008). I define verb doubling by adjusting this definition: a lexical verb is expressed phonologically twice. I focus on Chinese data in this dissertation. The verb doubling patterns in this language is grouped into non-cleft ones and verb doubling cleft. Second, I present general descriptions of different non-cleft verb doubling patterns in Chinese. These observations demonstrate that verb doubling phenomenon may be relevant to many aspects like topic/focus, delimitative aspect, polarity, presupposition and maximality. The discussions on these expressions concentrate on questions like what kinds of elements may undergo doubling in these patterns, in which situations these expressions appear, what are the similarities among different doubling patterns, etc. Third, I offer an analysis on verb doubling cleft (VDC) in Chinese. Following Cheng and Vicente (2013), I claim that in VDC expressions the doubled verb undergoes A’ movement to [Spec, TopP] through intermediate projections. Besides, the doubling effect is caused by the failure of chain reduction. I assume that the double element fuses with an aspect head based on Cinque’s (1999) hierarchy of functional projections.
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Marini, Emanuela. "Les verbes latins en -ficare : étude lexicale et morpho-syntaxique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040181.
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L'étude porte sur la classe des verbes latins en -ficare, tels que aedifico « bâtir une maison » et amplifico « rendre ample ». Ce sont 150 verbes simples et 32 préverbés, répertoriés des premiers siècles de la latinité jusqu'à la mort d'Isidore de Séville, en 636. La mise au point du corpus est fondée sur une distinction concernant la structure morphologique des verbes, qui présentent en premier membre le thème d'un substantif (aedi-fico : aedes « maison ») ou d'un adjectif (ampli-fico : amplus « ample »). Une telle distinction s'est revélée cruciale, à la fois sur le plan sémantique et morphosyntaxique. L'alternance entre actif et déponent ne concerne pas les verbes à premier membre adjectival, mais la voix déponente est assignée à ceux des verbes pour lesquels il existe une construction à verbe-support, où facere [+ support] est associé au substantif à l'accusatif apparaissant en premier membre (par ex. paci-ficor « faire la paix » et pacem facere). Tous les verbes sont considérés comme des verbes composés et non comme des dérivés des adjectifs en -ficus correspondants, mais le premier membre est associable dans le type aedifico au complément d'objet, dans le type amplifico à l'attribut du complément d'objet du verbe facere de la locution verbo-nominale correspondante. Les verbes à premier membre adjectival sont toujours des factitifs, les verbes actifs à premier membre subtantival sont des causatifs, notamment des causatifs lexicaux (par ex. fumifico « faire de la fumée »), où le deuxième membre est associable à facere « produire ». Les verbes à premier membre adjectival, qui correspondent soit à des néologismes à l'intérieur du latin soit à des emprunts au grec, sont très bien représentés dans le latin des auteurs chrétiens et des ouvrages de médecineThe aim of this study is to describe the class of Latin verbs in -ficare, such as aedifico ‘build a house’ and amplifico ‘amplify’. It examines 150 simple verbs and 32 preverbed verbs, collected from the first centuries of the Latin period to the death of Isidore of Seville in 636. The corpus is based on the morphological distinction between verbs whose first term is a noun stem (such as aedi-fico : aedes ‘house’) and verbs whose first term is an adjectival stem (ampli-fico : amplus ‘ample’). Such a distinction has proved to be crucial both morpho-syntactically and semantically. While the alternation between active voice and deponent voice is not shown in the verbs with an adjectival stem, the deponent voice is assigned to those verbs which coexist with a light verb construction, where facere [+ light verb] governs the noun in the accusative which appears as the first term (paci-ficor ‘to make peace’ and pacem facere). All verbs are interpreted as compound verbs, and not as derivatives from the adjectives in -ficus. In the verbs of the aedifico type, the first term can be associated with the direct object, while in the verbs of the amplifico type, the first term is associated with the predicative adjective of the direct object of facere within the correspondent noun-verb construction. The verbs with an adjectival stem as a first term are always factitive verbs, while the active verbs with a noun stem as a first-term are causatives and more specifically, lexical causatives (fumifico ‘make, produce smoke’), in which the second term is associated with facere ‘produce’. The verbs whose first term is an adjectival stem, which correspond to both neologisms in Latin and borrowings from Greek, are well represented in the Latin language used by Christian authors as well as medical texts
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Bertucci, Roberlei Alves. "A auxiliaridade do verbo chegar em português brasileiro." Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2007. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/551.
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Este trabalho analisa o verbo chegar em sentenças do PB, quando ele é seguido de a+infinitivo. Na literatura, não há consenso no tratamento do verbo na perífrase em foco. Enquanto alguns o consideram um auxiliar, outros não. Esta pesquisa retomou essa discussão e mostrou que o verbo chegar, no contexto estabelecido, responde afirmativamente a todos os critérios apontados como caracterizadores de auxiliaridade. Tendo isso estabelecido, observamos que são atribuídos aos auxiliares os valores de tempo, voz, modo e aspecto. Assim, fomos investigando, uma a uma, todas essas possibilidades. Os valores de tempo e voz foram facilmente descartados. Em seguida, buscamos numa descrição genérica de modalidade alguma pista que nos fizesse ir mais a fundo. Não encontramos e, por isso, descartamos também essa possibilidade. A análise de chegar como auxiliar aspectual tomou mais tempo e espaço neste trabalho, porque há alguns autores que assumem uma análise desse tipo. Primeiro, buscamos caracterizar o aspecto gramatical e ver se as sentenças objetos de investigação poderiam denotar as categorias de aspecto incluídas aí. Concluímos que não. Analisamos, depois, a possibilidade de chegar restringir alguma classe acional. Novamente, os resultados foram negativos. Tendo em vista o comportamento da perífrase nos diferentes contextos, afirmamos que não era possível assumir um valor aspectual para o verbo em questão. Por fim, propomos uma análise para esse verbo que leva em conta não apenas os aspectos sintáticos e semânticos, mas também os pragmáticos: mostramos que o falante, ao utilizar o auxiliar chegar deseja apontar para uma escala, mais precisamente para o ponto argumentativo mais forte dessa escala. Dessa forma, teríamos um auxiliar que não é temporal, modal ou aspectual, mas essencialmente pragmático. O corpus desta pesquisa é composto por sentenças do português brasileiro, falado e escrito, além de sentenças criadas para verificar a compatibilidade de chegar em contextos mais específicos.This work approaches the verb chegar when it is followed by the preposition a and the infinitive form in Brazilian Portuguese. In the literature, there is no consensus about the treatment of the verb in this periphrasis. While some authors consider it an auxiliary verb, others do not. Our research resumed this discussion and showed that chegar, in the context above, confirms all the criteria indicated as indicators of auxiliarity. After that, we noticed that the values of tense, modality, voice and aspect are given to the auxiliaries. Then, we investigated, one by one, all the possibilities. The values of tense and voice were easily rejected. After this, we searched, in a general description of modality, a clue to conduct us deeper in the research. We did not found one and then we rejected this possibility too. The analysis about chegar as an aspectual auxiliary took more time and space in this work, because there are some authors who argues for this kind of analysis. First, we tried to characterize the grammatical aspect and observe whether the sentences could mean the aspectual categories included there. We concluded that they could not. Later, we analyzed the possibility of chegar to restrict some actional class. Again, the conclusions were negative. Bearing in mind the behavior of the periphrasis in the different contexts, we affirm that it was not possible to accept an aspectual value to chegar. At the end, we propose an analysis to this verb that takes into consideration not only the syntactic and semantic aspects, but also the pragmatic one: we show that when the speaker uses the auxiliary chegar, this speaker wishes to point to a scale, more specifically to its strongest argumentative point. In this way, we might have an auxiliary verb which is not temporal, modal or aspectual, but essentially pragmatic. The corpus of this research is composed of sentences from Brazilian Portuguese, spoken and written, and other sentences created to verify the compatibility of chegar in specific contexts.
Books on the topic "Verbs"
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Uricaru, Lucia. Verbes roumains =: Romanian verbs = verbe românești. Cluj: Editura Echinox, 1995.
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Mircea, Goga, ed. Verbes roumains =: Romanian verbs = Verbe românești. 2nd ed. Cluj: Editura Echinox, 1997.
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(Firm), Harrap, ed. Harrap's verbos ingleses.=: [English verbs]. United States: Chambers Harrap Publishers, 1994.
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Langenscheidt, ed. Con verbos jugando, inglés: Phrasal verbs. Madrid: Langenscheidt, 2011.
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Shiukashvili-Conlan, Lali. Book of Georgian verbs. Tbilisi, Republic of Georgia: Pub. House "Merani", 2003.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Verbs"
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Aarts, Flor G. A. M., and Herman Chr Wekker. "Verbs and Verb Phrases." In A Contrastive Grammar of English and Dutch, 165–238. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4984-8_4.
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Stenson, Nancy. "Verbs and verb phrases." In Modern Irish, 75–82. New York : Taylor & Francis, 2019. |: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315302034-12.
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Collins, Peter, and Carmella Hollo. "Verbs and Verb Phrases." In English Grammar, 77–95. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50740-2_4.
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Collins, Peter, and Carmella Hollo. "Verbs and Verb Phrases." In English Grammar, 71–88. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36576-6_4.
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Cheung, Candice Chi-Hang. "Verbs." In Parts of Speech in Mandarin, 21–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0398-1_3.
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Wallwork, Adrian. "Verbs." In English for Academic Research: Vocabulary Exercises, 103–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4268-4_5.
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Hutchinson, Amélia P., Janet Lloyd, and Cristina Sousa. "Verbs." In Portuguese, 75–128. Third edition. | New York, NY ; Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon : Routledge , 2019. | Series: Routledge essential grammars: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315307190-7.
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Gönczöl, Ramona. "Verbs." In Romanian, 99–148. Second edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021. | Series: Routledge essential grammars | “First edition published by Routledge 2007”: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315363776-8.
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Hinchliffe, Ian, and Philip Holmes. "Verbs." In Swedish, 88–126. Third edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge essential grammars: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315559131-8.
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Filosofova, Tatiana. "Verbs." In Da!, 167–73. Second edition. | New York : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Routledge concise grammars: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429264764-16.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Verbs"
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TÜRK, Osman. "DETERMINATION OF NOUN-VERBS IN AĞRIDAĞI EFSANESI." In International Research Congress of Contemporary Studies in Social Sciences (Rimar Congress 2). Rimar Academy, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/rimarcongress2-11.
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Verbs in Turkish morphology; It has an important place in terms of preventing unnecessary repetitions by providing a short way to convey what is told, facilitating the transfer of thoughts to be told, making the language fluent and strong by connecting sentences easily and fluently. Noun-verbs in the group of verbs in Turkish, with the addition of -mAk (-mak, -mek), -mA (-ma, -me), -İş (-iş, -iş, -uş, -ş) to the verb stem or body. they are created. Noun-verbs tell the verb's payment and the nouns of the verbs regardless of person and tense. In this page, the noun-verbs and noun-verb affixes in the Legend of Yaşar Kemal's Ağrıdağı, the words that have written names, were determined by scanning method. The words in which the detected nouns-verbs are included are classified according to their structures. The study has been put into writing by adding the place-defined and text numbers of the noun-verbs determined because it is in the text. With the data obtained, the usage numbers of nouns and verbs were given and targeted certain inferences
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Ananyeva, Natalija. "BISPECIFIC VERBS IN POLISH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES. TOWARDS THE FORMULATION OF THE PROBLEM OF COMPARATIVE DESCRIPTION." In Actual issues of Slavic grammar and lexis. LCC MAKS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m4096.978-5-317-07174-5/10-16.
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The article discusses certain aspects of the description of bispecific verbs of the Polish language in comparison with a similar category of the Russian language. The comparison carried out according to the following parameters: quality and quantity of bispecific verbs; inconsistency in the qualification of the similar verb forms in the compared languages (for example, two-aspect Russian verbs бежать and молвить and Polish imperfective verbs biec and mówić ); the conditionality of the expression of bispecificity and manifestation in a bispecific verb of particular kind of morphological category that the given verb expresses, and the context; transition of two-aspect verb to the one-aspect when prefixal or suffixal correlates appear (for example, the verb арестовать becomes perfect when the imperfect арестовывать appears; the verb aresztować becomes imperfective when perfect zaaresztować appears). The necessity of involving dialectal material in the comparison of Polish and Russian ambitransitive verbs of native origin is substantiated.
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Anchevski, M. "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TRANSLATION THROUGH THE WORKS OF STANISLAV LEM." In Actual issues of Slavic grammar and lexis. LCC MAKS Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m4097.978-5-317-07174-5/17-25.
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The article discusses certain aspects of the description of bispecific verbs of the Polish language in comparison with a similar category of the Russian language. The comparison carried out according to the following parameters: quality and quantity of bispecific verbs; inconsistency in the qualification of the similar verb forms in the compared languages (for example, two-aspect Russian verbs бежать and молвить and Polish imperfective verbs biec and mówić ); the conditionality of the expression of bispecificity and manifestation in a bispecific verb of particular kind of morphological category that the given verb expresses, and the context; transition of two-aspect verb to the one-aspect when prefixal or suffixal correlates appear (for example, the verb арестовать becomes perfect when the imperfect арестовывать appears; the verb aresztować becomes imperfective when perfect zaaresztować appears). The necessity of involving dialectal material in the comparison of Polish and Russian ambitransitive verbs of native origin is substantiated.
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Evdokimova, Alexandra, Yulia Nikolaeva, and Evgeniya Budennaya. "Motion verbs in multimodal communication." In Dialogue. RSUH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2022-21-159-175.
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The article explores correlations between motion verbs and head and hands gestures using the RUPEX corpus. The verbs are divided into four groups based on their meanings. Мonological and dialogical parts of the recordings are compared along with the speaker’s role and viewpoint in gestures. The pilot analysis of motion verbs in the multimodal corpus showed that the relationships between verb type, non-verbal behavior and speaker’s role depend on a complex set of factors and manifests itself in different ways in different channels. In the verbal channel no direct relationship between the semantic type of the verb and the speaker’s role was detected; however, the narrators and commentators who have seen the film used more affectional vocabulary than the reteller while the latter tended to use more vector-prefixed verbs. In manual channel рrefixes or their absence do not influence the use of hand gestures. Transitive verbs meaning manipulations of different items are more probable to be illustrated by depictive gestures. Predictably, motion verbs in the strict sense are more prone to be supported by observer viewpoint (O-VPT) gestures, while verbs of manipulation are usually used with C-VPT gestures. In cephalic channel motion verbs in the strict sense (relocation of a character) are usually illustrated by O-VPT depictive gestures, and manipulation verbs are more probably supported by pantomime C-VPT gestures similar to manual channel. In some head gestures the viewpoint is combined. If the verb is repeated by the same or another speaker the gestures differ in both manual and cephalic channels. Cephalic gesture clusters on motion verbs have mostly a depictive function, which may be considered a gestural illustration.
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Santos, Carlos Renato dos, and Johnny Cardoso Marques. "Analyze of Verbs in Requirements with Natural Language Processing to Enhance Comprehension." In Workshop on Requirements Engineering. Recife, Brasil: Even3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/1407529.27-6.
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Purpose: There can be some ambiguity when describing requirements using natural language. One of the critical parts of the requirement syntax is using verbs to express the action of the requirement. Therefore, it is essential to explore how verbs can be used in requirements to convey their intended meaning accurately. Problem: This study aims to investigate the action entity of ISO/IEC/IEEE-29148:2018 requirement syntax and establish a connection between the verbs used to express requirements. Methods: Using Spacy, a natural language processing library, to analyze 955 aerospace requirements from 2017-2022. Verbs are extracted and compared to the ISO/IEC/IEEE-29148:2018 action part of the requirement syntax. Results: The verbs used in a requirement express the desired action. In the requirements studied, it was observed that a particular verb was used more frequently than others. However, it is essential not to overuse a single verb to avoid confusion and ensure a better understanding of the requirement. Choosing the correct verb to describe the requirement can avoid misunderstandings in interpretation. Conclusion: This research aims to provide insight into the usage of verbs in requirements. However, additional research is necessary to determine how the verb functions with other grammatical elements within the requirements.
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Constantinovici, Elena. "The Semantic-Syntactic Scheme of Synonymous Verbs in Romanian." In Conferinta stiintifica nationala "Lecturi în memoriam acad. Silviu Berejan", Ediția 6. “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/lecturi.2023.06.03.
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In the article, an attempt is made to study the synonym relations of the verb through the prism of its semantic-syntactic scheme, knowing that the verb renders the entire communication situation that includes the process and its relations with the participants of the described event. It was followed how, from this point of view, how the verbs of synonymous series are differentiated and whether the actant structure influences the choice of the synonym. As a result of the research, it was demonstrated that the advantages of the analysis of the homosemy relationship with the involvement of the semantic-syntactic scheme of the verbs are obvious, and the synonymy of the verb can be treated with more precision. The actantial scheme represents the conceptual configuration of the verb. And the syntactic scheme represents the combinatory availabilities of the verb. By superimposing them, one can trace all the directions in which a verb governs its determiners. So it is easy to see the movements of synonymous verbs in the contexts in which they appear.
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Chuikova, O. Iu. "ON THE SECONDARY IMPERFECTIVATION OF PO-PERFECTIVES IN RUSSIAN." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-160-176.
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The paper deals with a number of characteristics of the secondary imperfectivation of po-perfectives in Russian. The study is based on the analysis of the level of imperfectivability of Russian perfective verbs with the prefix po- compared to a number of other prefixed perfective verb groups (e.g. the verbs with such perfectivizing prefixes as na-, za-, etc.) according to the Dictionary of Russian Language, the Russian National Corpus and the Russian-language Internet (Runet). It is shown that the discussed perfective verb group is specific as a whole as well as with respect to its subgroups, i.e., deperfective perfective verbs and morphologically marked Aktionsarten. Po-perfectives demonstrate a low average imperfectivability in comparison to corresponding figures for other prefixed verb groups. For the subgroup of deperfective (formed from perfective stems) verbs the level of imperfectivability is also unusually low. The delimitative Aktionsart shows a higher imperfectivability than other morphologically marked Aktionsarten do. Possible explanations for the peculiarities of imperfectivability of poperfectives rather confirm than contradict the hypothesis about the regularity of the secondary imperfectivation in Russian.
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Babenko, Liudmila G. "Interpretation of the active verbs' world: two lexicographic views (exemplified in dictionaries of the Ural semantic school)." In Lexicography of the digital age. TSU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-907442-19-1-2021-7.
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The article overviews cognitive strategies of the reflection of the active words exemplified in Russian verbs. It is presented in two ideographic dictionaries: the big explanatory dictionary of Russian verbs and the experimental syntactic dictionary of Russian verb sentences. Regularities and features of categorization of this fragment of the world are revealed.
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Frere, Lamia. "Thematic Roles-Based Translation in MT Systems." In 3rd International Conference on Language and Education. Cihan University-Erbil, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/iclangedu2023/paper.939.
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The main purpose of this paper is to identify a particular thematic roles inventory that can improve the product of machine translation systems. Thematic role relations are among the semantic relations that can disambiguate the meaning of a considerable number of lexical items. Some verbs, for instance, are ambiguous for MT systems and hence are not accurately translated. The meaning of such verbs can be disambiguated by identifying the thematic role relations of their predicates. For example, ‘to express’ has two different meanings depending on its thematic role relations of its Predicate. When the verb assigns Patient <liquid> for its Object, it means ‘to squeeze out’, e.g., ‘Italians express coffee”. When it assigns Theme <letter> or <package> for its Object, it has the meaning of ‘sending by rapid transport’, e.g., ‘She expressed the letter to Florida’. The present research will focus only on a group of English verbs that convey a variety of meanings. It will show several problems in the translation of sample verbs due to the lack of thematic roles in the core of the system. The implementation is made on three MT systems: Al Wafi, Sakhr and Google. They all produce incorrect translations of the sample verbs. A suggested translation is proposed for each verb after analyzing its thematic roles and selectional restrictions.
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SANGHEUM, Yeon. "UNDERSTANDING OF UZBEK AND KOREAN AUXILIARY VERBS." In UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-28.
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Uzbek and Korean are characterized by agglutination. When comparing and contrasting the two languages, we can find quite a few similarities in the conjugation of verbs, especially auxiliary verbs, where the characteristics of the agglutinating language are most prominent. In the use of auxiliary verbs, the two languages are similar in semantically as well as in simple structural aspects, and there are many cases where the same meaning is expressed using the auxiliary verb. On the other hand, there are differences as well, but there is still a lack of comparative studies between the two languages on the corresponding grammar item. In addition, errors in the most common and widely used Google translator can also be found. Although there were no major problems in conveying simple meanings, sentence construction using auxiliary verbs was not performed properly. By briefly introducing these problems, it was found that the necessity for contrast study and corpus construction between the two languages was required.
Reports on the topic "Verbs"
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Pierce, Robert. Phrasal verbs in academic lectures. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6024.
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Cohen, Paul. Dynamic Maps as Representations of Verbs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada461176.
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Takizawa, Kumiko. Stance-taking: JFL Learners and Benefactive Verbs. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6365.
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Lebedenko, Nataliia. Комунікативні дієслова в текстах новинних повідомлень (за матеріалами інформаційного агентства «Укрінформ»). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11743.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of communicative verbs. Scientists analyzed communicative verbs in artistic texts, in biblical texts, and fairy tales. But there are no scientific works on verbs of speech in the language of the media. The Ukrainian language has all the means by which you can create a concrete and imaginative informational text. It is the verbs that make the text come alive. These are action words that improve the orality of the text. The research is based on the materials of the Ukrinform information agency. Speech verbs from 10 news reports for December 3, 2022 were analyzed. A total of 30 lexemes were recorded. They occur in the texts 73 times. And make up 31.2% of all verbs and 3.6% of all words. All verbs are divided into 22 groups according to semantics. The most common is the group with the meaning “to inform,”. Etymologically, 7 lexemes have borrowed roots, the rest are Proto-Slavic in origin. With the help of communicative verbs, journalists convey various shades of meaning and quality of someone else’s speech in the texts of news reports. The lexemes of oral speech penetrate into the written network text as well, creating new forms and platforms of communication. Prospects for further research are that there is a need to study communicative verbs in the language of traditional and new media, to make a comparative analysis of their use in different types of media, to trace the etymological connections between lexemes for more thorough conclusions. Key words: speech verbs, communicative verbs, news reports.
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Gordon, Andrew S., and Reid Swanson. Generalizing Semantic Role Annotations Across Syntactically Similar Verbs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada470421.
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McKoon, Gail, Steven B. Greene, and Roger Ratcliff. Discourse Models, Pronoun Resolution, and the Implicit Causality of Verbs. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada259740.
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Brady, Brock. The function of phrasal verbs and their lexical counterparts in technical manuals. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6065.
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Dreeva, Dzhanetta Murzabekovna, and Bella Uruzmagovna Farnieva. MODAL VERBS AS MEANS OF EXPRESSING THE CATEGORY OF MODALITY IN ENGLISH (BASED ON THE WORKS OF R. KIPLING). DOI СODE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/doicode-2022.033.
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Ripey, Mariya. Сполучуваність іменника кількість із дієсловами у газетних публікаціях (на матеріалі всеукраїнської газети «День»). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11741.
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The article a study of the standard aspect of vocabulary usage in modern Ukrainian newspaper publications. Based on the analysis of the reference literature, the article examines the cases of conjugation of the noun quantity with the verbs to increase and to grow, as well as to decrease, to lower, to shrink, to fall in the publications of the newspaper «Den’». This newspaper is one of the most popular publications in the rating of national media. There are a lot of doubts about the proper usage of these linguistic expressions in the editorial work. The research is predetermined by the need to establish word meanings (based on the editorial practice), which is not specifically delineated in the reference literature, and to give variants of their proper usage. It is accented that the noun quantity should be used with the verbs to increase/decrease. It is noted that to indicate the amount of someone or something, the word quantity should be written, not a number. The selected examples (about 40 sentence constructions) are given the correct answers. Linguistic literacy of an individual as well as of a society in general and opinion expression depends on the selection of linguistic expressions by journalists, since linguistic mistakes in periodical newspapers, radio or TV tend to spread through the language and are required subconsciously. It is emphasized that the accuracy of word usage depends on the availability, aesthetic impact and effectiveness of newspaper publications. Keywords: incorrect/correct usage, conjugation, dictionaries, editorial practice, newspaper publications.
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Бережна, Маргарита Василівна. Psycholinguistic Image of Joy (in the Computer-Animated Film Inside Out). Psycholinguistics in a Modern World, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/5827.
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The paper is focused on the correlation between the psychological archetype of a film character and the linguistic elements composing their speech. The Nurturer archetype is represented in the film Inside Out by the personalized emotion Joy. Joy is depicted as an antropomorphous female character, whose purpose is to keep her host, a young girl Riley, happy. As the Nurturer, Joy is completely focused on Riley’s happiness, which is expressed by lexico-semantic group ‘happy’, positive evaluative tokens, exclamatory sentences, promissive speech acts, and repetitions. She needs the feeling of connectedness with other members of her family, which is revealed by lexico-semantic groups ‘support’ and ‘help’. She is ready to sacrifice everything to save the girl in her care, which is demonstrated by modal verbs, frequent word-combination ‘for Riley’, and directives.