Relevant bibliographies by topics / Verbs of change of state

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Academic literature on the topic 'Verbs of change of state'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Verbs of change of state"

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THAM, SHIAO WEI. "Change of state verbs and result state adjectives in Mandarin Chinese." Journal of Linguistics 49, no. 3 (October 17, 2013): 647–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226713000261.

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This paper investigates the derivational relationship between adjectives and verbs in Mandarin Chinese describing related state, change of state (COS) and caused COS meanings. Such paradigms have been observed in various languages to fall into two categories: One in which a word naming a property concept state constitutes the derivational base for the related COS verbs, and another in which a COS verb forms the basis from which the stative word – a ‘result state’ predicate – is derived. I show that in Mandarin, the distinction between morphological paradigms based on property-concept words versus eventive verbs is also found, but the actual derivational relations between verbs and adjectives are influenced by language-particular morphological properties of Mandarin. Specifically, I argue that a gradable property concept adjective systematically alternates to a related COS verb. This alternation, which can be tapped by degree modification and negation contexts, distinguishes adjectives from stative verbs, which do not have consistent COS counterparts, and from underived intransitive COS verbs, which do not have systematic stative counterparts. That is, I show that COS verbs do not lend themselves to the systematic derivation of result state adjectives. Rather, I argue that result state adjectives in Mandarin arise from conceptual-pragmatic factors: The nominal modified by such a result state adjective should be understood as describing a culturally or contextually salient class of entities.
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Wright, Saundra K. "Transitivity and Change of State Verbs." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 28, no. 1 (August 14, 2002): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v28i1.3849.

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In this paper, I argue that semantic and pragmatic properties—as opposed to syntactic properties—are responsible for the variability found with transitive uses of change of state verbs. In particular, a variety of factors combine together to determine the argument expression options associated with an individual verb. These factors include controllability (the degree to which an event can be externally manipulated), causer type (whether the event is human driven or nonhuman driven), and subject-modification (whether the causer is in a modified or unmodified form). Finally, I argue that it is possible to predict how acceptable a verb sounds in a transitive construction by a statistical model that combines and weights these different factors.
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Norvik, Miina. "Change-of-state predicates and their use for expressing the future: the case of Livonian." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 5, no. 1 (July 1, 2014): 117–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2014.5.1.07.

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The present article considers change-of-state predicates in Livonian and their possible development into future copulas. The focus is on the verbs īedõ ‘remain, stay; become’, sǭdõ ‘get; become’, and līdõ (synchronically a future copula), but also the verbs tūlda ‘come’ and lǟdõ ‘go’ are included for comparative purposes. The results show that all five verbs can be used for expressing change of state, but it depends on the particular verb and underlying construction, whether conveying the sense ‘become’ is a central or only a marginal function. This study shows that Courland Livonian fits well to the general picture of Northern Europe where the present tense form of a verb with meaning ‘become’ can be used for marking the future time reference, and at least one verb – līdõ – also appears as a future copula.Kokkuvõte. Miina Norvik: Muutust väljendavad predikaadid liivi keeles ning nende kasutamine tuleviku väljendamisel. Siinne artikkel analüüsib muutust märkivaid verbe liivi keeles ning nende võimalikku arengut tulevikukoopulaks. Põhirõhk on verbidel līdõ (sünkrooniliselt tulevikukoopula), sǭdõ ‘saada’ ja īedõ ‘jääda, saada’, kuid võrdluseks on vaadeldud ka verbe tūlda ‘tulla’ ja lǟdõ ‘minna’. Artiklis näidatakse, et kuigi kõik need viis verbi võivad esineda muutust väljendavana, on verbiti ja ühtlasi konstruktsiooniti erinev, kas muutuse väljendamine on esmane või üksnes marginaalne funktsioon. Uurimusest selgub, et kõige rahvapärasem ning üldisema tähendusega muutusverb liivi keeles on īedõ ‘jääda, saada’, mis siseneb translatiivsesse muutuskonstruktsiooni. Teine sage muutusverb on sǭdõ ‘saada’, kuid selle kasutamises võib vähemalt osaliselt tunda kontaktkeelte mõju, näiteks eelistatakse verbi sǭdõ ‘saada’ tarvitada muutuse väljendamiseks usulistes tekstides. Edasist arengut tulevikoopulaks näitab siiski vaid līdõ, mis ennekõike väljendab tulevikus olemist, kuigi tagaplaanil on sageli tunda ka muutuse tähendust ning ajaline tähenduselement põimub üldjuhul modaalse tähenduselemendiga.Märksõnad: seisundimuutus, koopulad, tuleviku väljendamine, Kuramaa liivi keelKubbõvõttõks. Miina Norvik: Mȭitõksvärbõd līvõ kīelsõ ja nänt kȭlbatõmi tulbiz āiga ulzkītõmiz pierāst. Se kēra tuņšlõb mȭitõksvärbidi līvõ kīelsõ ja nänt tultõkst tulbiz āiga kopulaks. Pǟažālistõz um vaņţõltõd värbidi līdõ, sǭdõ ja īedõ. Nēḑi um tazāntõd värbõdõks tūlda ja lǟdõ. Amād vīž värbõ võibõd ulzkītõ mȭitõkst. Vȱldantõs värbstõ ja konstruktsijst, või se um pǟtǟtõks agā set kūorali tǟntõks. Tuņšlõks nägțõb, ku amā rovvīți mȭitõksvärb um īedõ, mis sōb kȭlbatõd konstruktsijs translatīvõks. Tuoi sagdi mȭitõksvärb um sǭdõ, bet se um lieudtõb emmit vaimližis tekstis. Võib vȱlda, ku se um kontaktkīeld mȯj. Kazāndõkst mȭitõks > tulbiz āiga kopula nägțõb set līdõ. Se kītõb pakāndim vȯlmizt, bet vel võib se kītõ mȭitõkst ja modālizt tǟntõkst.
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Gurevich, D. L. "Correlation of grammatical and semantic parameters in portuguese change-of-state verbs." Philology at MGIMO 7, no. 2 (July 6, 2021): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2410-2423-2021-2-26-38-52.

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Verbs denoting change of state are a semantic-syntactic universal as they share common patterns in languages of different types. One of such patterns is their ability to take part in causative-inchoative alternation when one and the same situation codified by certain language units can be seen both from the viewpoint of the actor vs recipient (transitive model) and from the viewpoint of the recipient only, provided that the recipient is the only agent in the verb’s structure (inchoative model), unlike in passive constructions. In causative-inchoative alternation situations these verbs choose one of the three alternation types: a) suppletive (matar – morrer), b) anticausative, when the inchoative meaning is codified morphologically with the help of the pronominal particle se (espantar – espantar-se) and c) labile, when the inchoative meaning is optionally marked by se without any change in grammaticality or semantics. The present paper argues that the choice of pronominal or non-pronominal form of the verb in the inchoative meaning with an inanimate subject (A janela (se) quebrou) depends on the parameter of animate / inanimate subject in the corresponding transitive construction and, to a certain extent, on the graduality inherent to the verb’s semantics (the acceptability of quantification). It is also shown that Brasilian Portuguese reveals the tendency to realize the labile type of alternation when the subject of the inchoative verb is inanimate; in Old Portuguese, on the contrary, the anticausative type (marked by se) was more frequent.
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Chen, Jidong. "“He killed a chicken, but it didn’t die”." Chinese Language and Discourse 9, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 136–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cld.17007.che.

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Abstract Mandarin contrasts typologically with English in its lexicalization of state change (Talmy 2000). The majority of Mandarin monomorphemic verbs is moot about or implies a state change, whereas English has many monomorphemic verbs (e.g. kill) that entail a state change. This study investigates empirically the nuanced lexicalization of state-change implicature in Mandarin monomorphemic verbs and its implications for the linguistic typology of encoding state change. Two experiments were conducted with adult native Mandarin speakers: a rating task about the acceptability of sentences that expressed a failure of fulfilment of a state-change (e.g. Zhangsan sha le ji, ke shi ji mei si ‘Zhangsan killed a chicken, but it didn’t die’) and a multiple-choice task that probed the preferred interpretation of monomorphemic state-change verbs. The results of both studies reveal a significant effect of verb types and post hoc comparisons show a cline of state-change implicature in the target verbs.
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Labelle, Marie. "Change of state and valency." Journal of Linguistics 28, no. 2 (September 1992): 375–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700015267.

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The goal of this article is twofold. First, I explore the hypothesis that a number of regularities in the distribution of the two types of inchoative constructions with verbs of change of state in French, the superficially intransitive construction and the reflexive construction (illustrated in (1)–(3)), can be captured by an analysis whereby monovalent verbs of change of state may project the Patient argument to the subject or to the object position. When the Patient argument is projected to the subject position (as in (1a) and (3a)), the construction is unergative. When it is projected to the object position, the construction is unaccusative (as in (1b)–(3b)). Verbs of change of state in French diner as to whether they may enter an intransitive inchoative construction (1), a reflexive inchoative construction (2) or both (3).
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Eddington, David. "Disambiguating Spanish Change of State Verbs." Hispania 85, no. 4 (December 2002): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4141261.

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Willim, Ewa. "On Scalarity in the Verbal Domain. The Case of Polish Psych Verbs. Part 1: Polish Perfective Psych Verbs and Their Prefixes." Studies in Polish Linguistics 15, no. 4 (December 22, 2020): 221–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23005920spl.20.010.13163.

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Polish perfective psych verbs are generally analyzed as inceptive predicates focusing the beginning of an emotional state holding of an experiencer. However, a perfective psych verb can also denote an event of gradual scalar change. In this paper, I argue that on the inceptive reading a perfective psych predicate denotes a transition from a state in which p does not hold to a state in which p holds of an experiencer. In events of gradual change, there is an increase in the degree on the scale of intensity of a given psych state or on the (abstract) extent scale contributed by a verb’s argument. As the internal temporal structure of the events denoted by perfective psych predicates can depend on elements of syntactic context outside the verb, the domain of aspectual composition in Polish is not the verb, pace Rothstein (2020), but VoiceP/vP.
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Norvik, Miina. "The expression of change-of-state in the Finnic languages." Open Linguistics 6, no. 1 (June 7, 2020): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opli-2020-0013.

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AbstractThe present article studies verbs that are used to convey change-of-state in the Finnic languages: “to come”, “to go”, “to remain/stay”, “to get”, “will be”, “to make/do”, and “to be born/give birth”. These are polysemous core verbs, which can be expected to be integrated in constructions with (new) generalized grammatical meaning. As will be shown, in order to convey change-of-state typically they occur in constructions that either mark the goal and the source or leave both unmarked. In addition, change can be associated with experiential, existential, and possessive constructions, which also enable to shed more light on the development of the above-mentioned verbs, including the possible development change-of-state → future. The article demonstrates that each Finnic language uses several verbs from the list presented above, but there are differences in what are the most commonly used ones and in what kind of constructions they occur. In some languages, there is a general change-of-state verb, which also appears as a future copula if there is no competing future copula. In the case of Estonian, Finnish, and Livonian, the results of previous studies on change-of-state predicates were used; for the other Finnic languages, a separate data set was compiled using various collections of texts.
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Harris, Alice C. "Light verbs as classifiers in Udi." Diachrony of Complex Predication 25, no. 2 (September 8, 2008): 213–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.25.2.05har.

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In Udi, most verbal lexemes are composed, in all tense-aspect-mood categories, of a light verb and an ‘initial’. It is argued here that in the first stage of this development, simplex verbs were juxtaposed with focused constituents. In the second stage, initials and verbs formed compounds, and this pattern spread beyond those that had once involved focus. In the third stage, the subject of this paper, light verbs become classifiers, classifying the verb type — inchoatives, other unaccusatives, unergatives, transitive verbs of inherently directed motion, transitive change-of-state verbs, other transitives. I argue also that the classes identified by (some of) the light verbs have not become less semantically motivated; rather the semantics has shifted from a relatively narrow meaning to one of the three major classes.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Verbs of change of state"

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Spalek, Alexandra Anna. "Verb meaning and combinatory semantics: a corpus based study of Spanish change of state verbs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/145476.

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Even though it is an intuitive and perhaps obvious idea that composition leads to non-trivial semantic interactions between words, and these interactions affect the contents of predication, there has still been little work done on how verbs restrict their arguments and how flexible these restrictions are. This dissertation thus starts out with the observation that verbs have very rich combinatorial paradigms and raises the question of what this wide combinatorial capacity of verbs means for the semantics of the verb and the process of composition. Distributed in three case studies, a rich data set of the Spanish change of state verbs congelar ‘freeze’, romper ‘break’ and cortar ‘cut’ is analysed and further discussed against the background of studies from theoretical linguistics. Tackling the question of the rich combinatorial paradigm of verbs leads to taking a position on the theoretical horizon of theories of predication as well as theories of lexicon, for which I turn to Modern Type Theories and an underspecified lexical meaning
Aunque es intuitiva y quizás obvia la idea de que la composición conduce a interacciones semánticas no triviales entre las palabras que afectan al contenido de una predicación, hay todavía pocos trabajos que analicen el modo como los verbos restringen sus argumentos y examinen si sus restricciones son muy amplias o más bien limitadas. Esta tesis parte de la observación de que los verbos tienen unos paradigmas combinatorios muy ricos, para plantear la pregunta acerca del papel que desempeña la combinatoria predicado-argumento tanto en el significado de los verbos como en el proceso de construcción del significado composicional. Se llevan a cabo tres estudios de caso correspondientes a otros tantos verbos de cambio de estado, congelar, romper y cortar, en los que se presenta una rica colección de datos que se discute a la luz del conocimiento que proporcionan los estudios de lingüística teórica. Abordar la cuestión del rico paradigma de combinatoria de los verbos conduce a tomar una posición en el horizonte de las teorías de la predicación, así como también en el de las teorías del léxico. La presente tesis se decanta en este sentido por la teoría de tipos moderna (Modern Type Theory) y un significado léxico subespecificado.
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Achab, Karim. "Internal structure of verb meaning: A study of verbs of (change of) state in Tamazight (Berber)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/29335.

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The dissertation investigates verbs of (change of) state in Tamazight (Berber) from the perspective of their internal structure and its syntactic corollary, which corresponds to predicate-argument structure. The verbs investigated include verbs of quality, unaccusatives, spatial configuration verbs, and causatives. Verbs of quality refer to a special class of intransitive verbs occurring with accusative clitics when they indicate a pure state, and with nominative clitics when they indicate change of state. In the latter situation verbs of quality are undistinguished from unaccusatives. I argue that while nominative clitics associated with verbs of quality surface in the subject position for EPP reasons, accusative clitics surfaces in the object position because the category T involved is defective, following an idea proposed by Chomsky (2001). This contradicts the view in Government and Binding Theory that intransitive verbs do not assign unaccusative Case. I sustain that the pure state form has a monadic structure of the type [VBE[√ROOT]], while the inchoative form, like unaccusatives, is associated with the dyadic structure of the type [VCOME[V BE[√ROOT]]]. To account for the two different interpretations associated with the inchoative form I argue that its syntactic structure contains a scope operator with two different positions. When the operator has scope over VCOME, it yields change of state interpretation; when the operator has scope over VBE, the interpretation is stative (resultative). Verbs of quality and unaccusatives are contrasted with verbs of spatial configuration which are analyzed as disguised reflexives, with a triadic structure of the type [VACT[VCOME[VBE([√ROOT])]]]. The reflexive interpretation results from the association of the internal argument with two thematic positions [Spec,VACT] and [Spec,V COME]. The structure postulated for causatives is of the type [VCAUSE [COME[VBE([√ROOT])]]]. I argue that lexical causatives have a basic structure while morphological causatives are derived by augmenting their unaccusative counterpart. Lexical causatives are of two types. I argue that those lacking the unaccusative alternate have their lexical root conflated with the verb CAUSE, while unaccusative-alternating causatives have their lexical root conflated with the lower verbs (BE)COME. This idea is extended to account for the difference between unaccusative-alternating and non-alternating languages.
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Malinga, Bongiwe Bernadette. "A semantic and syntactic analysis of break and bend verbs in Zulu." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52131.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2001.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The subject of this study is Break and Bend verbs in isiZulu, which can be classified as verbs of change of state. This study examines the semantic as well as the syntactic analysis of these verbs of change of state in Zulu. Semantically Bend verbs are divided into verbs denoting the bending of body parts, e.g: thoba, khothema, qomfa, bhena, guqa, vosho, and verbs that denote the bending of body parts as well as physical objects, e.g. goba, qethuka/qethula as shown in the sentences below: Indoda igobe ucingo The man bent the wire. Indoda ithe qethu ikhanda The man bent the head backwards. Inkosikazi igobe amadolo The woman bent the knees. Uthe qethu isigxobo He made the pole bend backwards. The study will demonstrate that Break verbs are semantically divided into verbs denoting break or fracture, e.g. aphula/aphuka; those denoting "break off" e.g. nqamuka/nqamula; a verb denoting "to smash", e.g. fahlaza/fahlaka; those denoting " crack", e.g. chachamba, verbs meaning "to tear", e.g. dabula/dabuka; verbs denoting "to demolish", e.g. bhidliza/bhidlika and verbs denoting "to break open", e.g. havuka I havula. Syntactically, Break predicates may occur as ideophones, which are ergative with transitive/intransitive alternation, e.g. aphulaj aphuka, In addition, Break predicates may consist of ideophones with verbal suffixes: [-k-] is the suffix of intransitive ideophone [-I-] or [-z-] is the suffix of transitive ideophone Intransitive ideophone: Intambo ithe nqamu The rope broke Intransitive verb with [-k-]: Intambo inqamukile The rope broke Transitive ideophone: Indoda ithe nqamu intambo The man broke the rope Transitive verb with [-1-]: Indoda inqamule intambo. The man broke a rope Transitive verb with [-z-]: Indoda iphoqoze intambo. The man broke a bone The study demonstrates that with Bend verbs there are two ergative verbs, namely thoba and goba. -- The study further demonstrates that Bend verbs are mostly intransitive with a shadow argument; there is an ideophone qethu, which takes the transitive / intransitive alternation with the suffix [-k-] for the intransitive and [-1-] for the transitive alternation, respectively. The study provides evidence that Break and Bend verbs are characterised by specific selection restrictions as well as event structures. Some alternations were also investigated in the study, such as the Possessive alternation and Instrument-Subject alternation. Lastly, the Lexical conceptual paradigm and the Lexical Inheritance Structure of each verb were examined.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderwerp van hierdie studie is Breek en Buig werkwoorde in isiZulu, wat geklassifiseerword as werkwoorde van toestandverandering. Hierdie studie ondersoek die semantiese en die sintaktiese analise van die werkwoordtipe van toestandverandering in isizulu. Buigwerkwoorde word semanties ingedeel in werkwoorde wat die buig van liggaamsdeleaandui, byvoorbeeld: thoba, khothema, qomfa, bhena, guqa, vosho, en werkwoorde wat die buig van liggaamsdele sowel as die fisiese objekte aandui, byvoorbeeld: goba, qethuka/qethula, soos aangedui word in die sinne hieronder: Indoda igobe ucingo Die man het die draad gebuig Indoda ithe qethu ikhanda Die man het sy kop agteroor gebuig Inkosikazi igobe amadolo Die vrou het (haar) knieë gebuig Uthe qethu isigxobo Hy het die paal agtertoe gebuig. Hierdie studie toon aan dat Breek-werkwoorde semanties ingedeel kan word in werkwoorde wat "breek" aandui, bv. aphula/aphuka: werkwoorde wat "afbreek" aandui, bv. nqamuka/nqamula; werkwoorde wat "flenters breek" aandui, bv. fahlaza/fahlaka; werkwoorde wat "bars" aandui, bv. chachamba, werkwoorde wat "skeur" aandui, bv. dabula/dabuka; werkwoorde wat "ruineer" aandui, bv. bhidliza/bhidlika en werkwoorde wat "oopbreek" aandui, bv. havuka/havula. Breek-predikate kan sintakties as ideofone verskyn, wat ergatief (ergative) is met 'n transitief/intransitief alternasie, bv.. aphula/aphuka. Voorts kan Breek-predikate ook verskyn as ideofone met werkwoordagtervoegsels: [-k-] is die suffiks van die intransitiewe ideofoon [-1-] of [-z-] is die suffiks van die transitiewe ideofoon Intransitiewe ideofoon: Intambo ithe nqamu Die tou het gebreek Intransitiewe werkwoord met [-k-]: Intambo inqamukile Die tou het gebreek Transitiewe ideofoon: Indoda ithe nqamu intambo Die man het die tou gebreek Transitiewe werkwoord met [-1-]: Indoda inqamule intambo. Die man het die tou gebreek Transitiewe werkwoord met l-e-l: Indoda iphoqoze umlenze Die man het die been gebreek Die studie toon aan dat met Buigwerkwoorde, twee ergatiewe werkwoorde gevind is, naamlik thoba en goba. Die studie toon ook aan dat Buigwerkwoorde meestal intransitiewe werkwoorde is wat met 'n skadu-argument verskyn. Daar is 'n ideofoon qethu, wat die transitief/intransitief alternasie vertoon met die suffiks [-k-] vir die intransitief en [-I-] vir die transitief alternasie, respektiewelik Die studie bied bewys daarvoor dat Breek- en Buigwerkwoorde gekenmerk word deur seleksiebeperkings en gebeure ('event') strukture. Sommige alternasies is ook ondersoek in die studie, byvoorbeeld die Possessief alternasie en Instrument-Subjek alternasie. Laastens, is die leksikaal-konseptuele paradigma en die Leksikale-erwingstruktuur van elke werkwoord ondersoek.
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Abrines, Llabrés Bartomeu. "Els verbs de canvi d'estat i l'alternança causativa en català." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399985.

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Aquesta tesi pretén analitzar el comportament sintàctic dels verbs de canvi d'estat en llengua catalana respecte de la participació en l'alternança causativa i oferir una proposta teòrica de les representacions sintàctiques de la variant causativa i de l'anticausativa, així com de les construccions que s'hi relacionen (passiva perifràstica, passiva pronominal i mitjana). La tesi pretén, doncs, donar resposta a diferents preguntes com ara, per exemple, quins són els verbs que participen de l'alternança causativa en català i quins són els factors que determinen que un verb de canvi d'estat alterni, si és que n'hi ha cap; quina és la relació estructural entre les dues construccions alternants, si és que una deriva de l'altra; quina és la relació amb les construccions de passiva i mitjana; quin és el paper del clític pronominal se que prenen les variants anticausatives de l'alternança en català, i quina és la representació sintàctica corresponent a les construccions analitzades i si aquestes mantenen un component de CAUSA en aquesta representació. El marc teòric adoptat és el de la Morfologia Distribuïda, i concretament partim de la proposta neoconstruccional, i no derivacional, d'Alexiadou, Anagnostopoulou & Schäfer (2015) per revisar-la lleugerament i fer una proposta que doni compte del comportament empíric dels verbs de canvi d'estat en català pel que fa a l'alternança. Així doncs, en primer lloc analitzem la participació en l'alternança dels verbs de canvi d'estat, a partir de les classificacions que s'han proposat per a aquest tipus de verbs. En l'anàlisi proposem que les construccions causatives amb un subjecte agentiu no alternen i que la corresponent construcció intransitiva s'ha d'entendre com de passiva pronominal. Així mateix, i de manera important, demostrem que els verbs de canvi de causa interna, contràriament al que s'ha mantingut tradicionalment, també alternen en català, tot i que amb restriccions pel que fa al subjecte de la variant causativa, fenomen que analitzem a partir de la Direct Causation Condition de Rappaport Hovav & Levin (2012) i Rappaport Hovav (2014). Posteriorment analitzem els tipus d'anticausatius en català: els que prenen sempre el clític pronominal en la variant anticausativa, el que no el prenen mai i els que el poden prendre o no. La conclusió és que hi ha molt pocs verbs en català que no prenen el clític o que el prenen opcionalment, i que la hipòtesi segons la qual és el grau d''espontaneïtat amb què el parlant concep un esdeveniment el que determina la participació en l'alternança i si es pren o no el clític (Alexiadou, 2014c; Haspelmath, 1993; Haspelmath et al., 2014; Heidinger, 2015, o Schäfer, 2008) només es pot adoptar com a tendència. A continuació analitzem el comportament dels verbs alternants respecte de la legitimació d'adjunts que indiquen causa, especialment de la legitimació de l'adjunt per si sol, i de les construccions anticausatives amb un datiu lliure. Totes dues anàlisis ens permeten concloure que tant la variant anticausativa com la causativa no tenen un component de CAUSA en la seva estructura sintàctica i que el significat causatiu és estructural. Pel que fa a la proposta teòrica indiquem sis estructures sintàctiques per donar compte de les construccions de l'alternança i de les que s'hi relacionen, a partir de la combinació dels nuclis Voice, Middle i Passive amb el nucli esdevenimental v i l'arrel. En aquest sentit, postulem que les arrels s'incrusten lliurement en aquestes estructures i que és postsintàcticament que el component enciclopèdic determina si les construccions són acceptables o fracassen. En aquest sentit indiquem la necessitat d'un principi cognitiu que doni compte de la legitimació de les construccions causatives amb verbs de canvi de causa interna.
This thesis intends basically to analyse the syntactic performance of the change of state verbs in Catalan language regarding the involvement in the causative alternation, and moreover to offer a theoretical approach of the syntactic representations of both the causative and the anticausative variation, as well as of their implicated constructions (periphrastic passive, pronominal passive, and middle). The thesis intends, then, to answer different questions such as which verbs take part in the causative alternation in Catalan, and which factors, if any, may determine that a change of state verb may alternate; which structural relation may exist between both alternative constructions, if one derives from the other one; what relation may be with the passive and middle constructions; what role may have the pronominal clitic se, and last but not least which is the syntactic representation related to the analysed constructions and whether these ones maintain a CAUSE component in this representation. The theoretical framework used is that of Distributed Morphology, and we take the neoconstructional proposal as the starting point, not the derivational one, by Alexiadou, Anagnostopoulou & Schäfer (2015), in order to slightly revise it and make a proposal which may consider the empirical behaviour of change of state verbs in Catalan in regards of alternation. Therefore, we will firstly analyse the participation in alternation of change of state verbs, from the classifications being proposed for this kind of verbs. In the analysis we propose that the causative constructions with an agent subject do not alternate, and that the corresponding intransitive construction has to be understood as a pronominal passive. Contrarily to what has been traditionally claimed, it is strongly demonstrated that change of state verbs of internal cause also alternate in Catalan, even though with some restrictions when it comes to the subject of the causative variation, a phenomena that we analyse from the Direct Causation Condition by Rappaprot Hovav & Levin (2012) and Rappaport Hovav (2014). Later on, we analyse the kinds of anticausatives in Catalan: those which always take the pronominal clitic in thecausative variant, those which mat take it ornot. The conclusion is that there are very few verbs in Catalan which do not take the clitic or take it optionally, and that the hypothesis according to which it is the degree of spontaneity with which the speaker conceives an event which determines the participation in the alternation and if it takes the clitic or not (Alexiadou, 2014c; Haspelmath, 1993; Haspelmath et al., 2014; Heidinger, 2015; Schäfer, 2008) can only be adopted as a trend. Next, we analyse the behaviour of the alternanting verbs in relation with the license of adjuncts which show cause; especially the license of the adjunct per si sol, and the anticausative construction with a free dative. Both analyses allow us to conclude that as the anticausative variant as the causative one do not have a CAUSE component in its structures, and that the causative meaning is in fact structural. As regards the theoretical approach, we point out six syntactic structures to account for the constructions of alternation and those related to them, from the combination of the nucleus Voice, Middle, and Passive with a little v and the root. In this sense, we postulate that the roots are freely embedded in these structures, and that that it is postsyntactically the fact that the encyclopaedic component determines if the constructions are accepted or fail. As a result, we show the need of a cognitive principle which accounts for license of the causative constructions with change of state verbs of internal cause.
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Lee, Juwon. "Change of State Verb and Syntax of Serial Verb Constructions in Korean: An HPSG Account." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/253420.

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The simple, canonical form of SVCs has been much studied (e.g. Lee, 1992; Chung, 1993; Kim 2010 for Korean, and Aikhenvald, 2006; Dixon, 2006 for various African languages). In this paper, I investigate a more complex form of SVCs (namely resultative SVCs) which are almost ignored in the literature. Specifically, I show that (i) the causing event and result state of a Korean change-of-state verb should be separately represented in the lexical information of the verb, (ii) the resultative SVCs are really a type of SVC by comparing the core concept of SVCs (i.e. serializing subevents and so non-cancellation of V1 result state or object) with the corresponding properties of the construction in question, and (iii) SVCs generally have the constraint that result state or object should be created after the event of V1 (with more evidence from light verb SVCs). Finally, I present an analysis of the resultative SVC and light verb SVC in Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard and Sag, 1994; Sag et al., 2003).
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Oshiro, Tokiko. "Aspects of semantic change in honorific verbs of the Okinawan language." Connect to resource, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1226942508.

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Goundry, Katrin. "Regional variation and change in the history of English strong verbs." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7764/.

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This thesis investigates how the strong verb system inherited from Old English evolved in the regional dialects of Middle English (ca. 1100-1500). Old English texts preserve a relatively complex system of strong verbs, in which traditionally seven different ablaut classes are distinguished. This system becomes seriously disrupted from the Late Old English and Early Middle English periods onwards. As a result, many strong verbs die out, or have their ablaut patterns affected by sound change and morphological analogy, or transfer to the weak conjugation. In my thesis, I study the beginnings of two of these developments in two strong verb classes to find out what the evidence from Middle English regional dialects can tell us about their origins and diffusion. Chapter 2 concentrates on the strong-to-weak shift in Class III verbs, and investigates to what extent strong, mixed and weak past tense and participle forms vary in Middle English dialects, and whether the variation is more pronounced in the paradigms of specific verbs or sub-classes. Chapter 3 analyses the regional distribution of ablaut levelling in strong Class IV verbs throughout the Middle English period. The Class III and IV data for the Early Middle English period are drawn from A Linguistic Atlas of Early Middle English, and the data for the Late Middle English period from a sub-corpus of files from The Penn-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Middle English and The Middle English Grammar Corpus. Furthermore, The English Dialect Dictionary and Grammar are consulted as an additional reference point to find out to what extent the Middle English developments are reflected in Late Modern English dialects. Finally, referring to modern insights into language variation and change and linguistic interference, Chapter 4 discusses to what extent intra- and extra-linguistc factors, such as token and type frequency, stem structure and language contact, might correlate with the strong-to-weak shift and ablaut levelling in Class III and IV verbs in the Middle English period. The thesis is accompanied by six appendices that contain further information about my distinction of Middle English dialect areas (Appendix A), historical Class III and IV verbs (B and C) and the text samples and linguistic data from the Middle English text corpora (D, E and F).
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Poortvliet, Marjolein. "Perception and predication : a synchronic and diachronic analysis of Dutch descriptive perception verbs as evidential copular verbs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2018. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:71136ea5-67a8-4a76-ad8d-e0c26e820c45.

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Descriptive perception verbs have failed to receive a uniform analysis in previous verb classifications (cf. Chomsky 1965, Rogers 1974, Hengeveld 1992, Levin 1993, Van Eynde et al. 2014). This thesis argues that the descriptive perception verbs in Dutch (i.e. eruitzien 'look', klinken 'sound', voelen 'feel', ruiken 'smell', and smaken 'taste') should be classified as copular verbs, much like lijken 'seem' and schijnen 'seem'. This classification is supported by both the synchronic and diachronic behaviour of these verbs in Dutch. Synchronically, proposing that Germanic copular verbs (as opposed to copulas) are defined by their syntax rather than their (empty) semantics, I discuss that the Dutch descriptive perception verbs behave like stereotypical copular verbs: they require a predicative complement, usually in the form of an adjective. Semantically, the Dutch descriptive perception verbs are much like the copular verbs blijken 'turn out', lijken 'seem' and schijnen 'seem' in terms of epistemicity and evidentiality. Diachronically, I hypothesize that the Dutch descriptive perception verbs have evolved from one of the following two origins: either from intransitive verbs (as is the case for klinken and ruiken), much like English remain, through grammaticalization processes of semantic bleaching and reanalysis; or from cognitive perception verbs (as is the case of eruitzien and voelen), as found in Latin, Japanese and Zulu, through the process of argument reordering. The origin of smaken is not clear, and is left for future research. I show that other Germanic evidential copular verbs (i.e. lijken, schijnen 'seem', scheinen 'seem', seem) have developed diachronically in a uniform fashion, suggesting the following grammaticalization path: from a lexical verb to a copular verb, to taking a that-complement, an infinitival complement or a like-complement, and eventually being used in parenthetical constructions. The results of this thesis indicate that the Dutch descriptive perception verbs are only at the beginning of this grammaticalization path, but are on their way to becoming grammaticalized evidential copular verbs.
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Wallerö, Emma. "Automatic morphological analysis of L-verbs in Palula." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-182528.

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This study is exploring the possibilities of automatic morphological analysis of L-verbs in the Palula language by the help from Finite-state technology and two-level morphology along with supervised machine learning. The type of machine learning used are neural Sequence to Sequence models. A morphological transducer is made with the Helsinki Finite-State Transducer Technology, HFST, toolkit covering the L-verbs of the Palula Language. Several Sequence to Sequence models are trained on sets of L-verbs along with morphological tagging annotation. One model is trained with a small amount of manually annotated data and four models are trained with different amounts of training examples generated by the Finite-State Transducer. The efficiency and accuracy of these methods are investigated. The Sequence to Sequence model trained on solely manually annotated data did not perform as well as the other models. A Sequence to Sequence model trained with training examples generated by the transducer performed the best recall, accuracy and F1-score, while the Finite-State Transducer performed the best precision score.
Denna studie undersöker möjligheterna för en automatisk morfologisk analys av L-verb i språket Palula med hjälp av finit tillståndsteknik och två-nivå-morfologi samt övervakad maskininlärning. Den typ av maskininlärning som används i studien är neurala Sekvens till Sekvens-modeller. En morfologisk transduktor är skapad med verktyget Helsinki Finite-State Transducer Technology, HFST, som täcker L-verben i Palula. Flera Sekvens till Sekvens-modeller tränas på set av L-verb med morfologisk taggningsannotation. En modell tränas på ett litet set av manuellt annoterade data och fyra modeller tränas på olika mängder träningsdata som genererats av den finita tillstånds-transduktorn. Effektiviteten och noggrannheten för dessa modeller undersöks. Sekvens till Sekvens-modellen som tränats med bara manuellt annoterade data presterade inte lika bra som de andra modellerna i studien. En Sekvens till Sekvens-modell tränad med träningsdata bestående av genereringar producerade av transduktorn gav bästa svarsfrekvens, noggrannhet och F1-poäng, medan den finita tillstånds-transduktorn gav bästa precision.
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AlBader, Yousuf B. "Semantic innovation and change in Kuwaiti Arabic : a study of the polysemy of verbs." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9696/.

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This thesis is a socio-historical study of semantic innovation and change of a contemporary dialect spoken in north-eastern Arabia known as Kuwaiti Arabic. I analyse the structure of polysemy of verbs and their uses by native speakers in Kuwait City. I particularly report on qualitative and ethnographic analyses of four motion verbs: dašš ‘enter’, xalla ‘leave’, miša ‘walk’, and rikað̣ ‘run’, with the aim of establishing whether and to what extent linguistic and social factors condition and constrain the emergence and development of new senses. The overarching research question is: How do we account for the patterns of polysemy of verbs in Kuwaiti Arabic? Local social gatherings generate more evidence of semantic innovation and change with respect to the key verbs than other kinds of contexts. The results of the semantic analysis indicate that meaning is both contextually and collocationally bound and that a verb’s meaning is activated in different contexts. In order to uncover the more local social meanings of this change, I also report that the use of innovative or well-attested senses relates to the community of practice of the speakers. The qualitative and ethnographic analyses demonstrate a number of differences between friendship communities of practice and familial communities of practice. The groups of people in these communities of practice can be distinguished in terms of their habits of speech, which are conditioned by the situation of use. The data for this research project are based primarily on field notes and more than twenty hours of audio recordings made between 2012 and 2013 and taken from the speech of thirty-one Kuwaitis representing two sets of social groups based on a particular set of tribal and sectarian allegiances. The overall findings of this research project lead to the conclusion that the factors responsible for semantic innovation and change are reflected in the social structure of a speech community. In summary, this thesis (i) contributes to the theoretical and empirical treatment of the relationship between polysemy and semantic change; (ii) examines the historical semantic treatment of the key verbs within Kuwait; and (iii) proposes that both the semantics and sociolinguistics disciplines can greatly benefit from using each other’s methodologies.
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Books on the topic "Verbs of change of state"

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Wittek, Angelika. Learning the meaning of change-of-state verbs: A case study of German child language. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 2002.

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Lexical template morphology: Change of state and the verbal prefixes in German. Amsterdam: Benjamins, 2002.

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Maylor, B. Roger. Lexical template morphology: Change of state and the verbal prefixes in German. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 2002.

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Bougnères, Alice. Au service de l'instruction pour tous: Vers une véritable refondation de l'école. Paris: L'Harmattan, 2015.

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Ohio State Mini-Conference on Serial Verbs (1990 Columbus, Ohio). When verbs collide: Papers from the 1990 Ohio State Mini-Conference on Serial Verbs. Columbus, Ohio: Ohio State University, Department of Linguistics, 1990.

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State of change. London: Doctor Who Books, 1994.

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Phillips, Melanie. The sex change state. London: Social Market Foundation, 1997.

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Gilliatt, Penelope. A state of change. London: Capuchin Classics, 2009.

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Cognitive linguistics and lexical change: Motion verbs from Latin to Romance. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015.

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State learning and international change. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Verbs of change of state"

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Lumsden, John S. "Cause, Manner and Means in Berber Change of State Verbs." In Research in Afroasiatic Grammar, 199–220. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.202.10lum.

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Fleischhauer, Jens. "Interaction of Telicity and Degree Gradation in Change of State Verbs." In Studies in the Composition and Decomposition of Event Predicates, 125–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5983-1_6.

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Barrajón López, Elisa. "The conceptualization of change of state in verbs coming from gentilicios." In IVITRA Research in Linguistics and Literature, 1–20. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ivitra.9.01bar.

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Riemer, Nicholas. "Meaning change in verbs." In Historical Linguistics 2001, 351–62. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.237.22rie.

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Keighley, H. J. P., F. R. McKim, A. Clark, and M. J. Harrison. "Change of State." In Mastering Physics, 105–12. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08849-2_12.

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Keighley, H. J. P., F. R. McKim, A. Clark, and M. J. Harrison. "Change of State." In Mastering Physics, 105–12. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-86062-3_12.

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Kelley, Braden. "Understanding the Current State." In Charting Change, 35–50. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137536976_3.

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Kelley, Braden. "Envisioning the Desired State." In Charting Change, 63–72. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137536976_5.

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Leclère, Christian. "The Lexicon-Grammar of French Verbs." In Linguistic Informatics – State of the Art and the Future, 29–45. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ubli.1.05lec.

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Close, Paul. "Citizenship, the State, the Nation-state and Nationality." In Citizenship, Europe and Change, 55–96. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-23780-7_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Verbs of change of state"

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Chowdhury, Ahmed, Lakshmi N. A. Venkatanarasimhan, and Chiradeep Sen. "A Formal Representation of Conjugate Verbs in Function Modeling." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22630.

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Abstract Many modern and innovative design problems require multi-modal, reconfigurable solutions. Function modeling is a common tool used to explore solutions in early stages of mechanical engineering design. Currently, function structure representations do not support the modeling of formally-defined reconfigurable function models. There is a well-established need in function modeling to dynamically capture the effects of state change of a flow property on the operating mode of the system. This paper presents a formal representation to capture the duality of specific functions, and illustrates it through three verbs that shift from one mode of operation to its logical and topological opposite, based on the existence of, or the value of a signal from, an input flow. Additionally, an approach to extend these functions to function features, in order to support physics-based reasoning on the interactions between flows is also presented. Through the example of a system-level model of a geothermal heat pump operating in its heating mode, the representation demonstrates the ability to support causal reasoning on functional modes of systems, provides quantitative reasoning on the efficiency of those modes, and illustrates the modeling efficacy of the extended representation.
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SANGHEUM, Yeon. "UNDERSTANDING OF UZBEK AND KOREAN AUXILIARY VERBS." In UZBEKISTAN-KOREA: CURRENT STATE AND PROSPECTS OF COOPERATION. OrientalConferences LTD, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ocl-01-28.

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Uzbek and Korean are characterized by agglutination. When comparing and contrasting the two languages, we can find quite a few similarities in the conjugation of verbs, especially auxiliary verbs, where the characteristics of the agglutinating language are most prominent. In the use of auxiliary verbs, the two languages ​​are similar in semantically as well as in simple structural aspects, and there are many cases where the same meaning is expressed using the auxiliary verb. On the other hand, there are differences as well, but there is still a lack of comparative studies between the two languages ​​on the corresponding grammar item. In addition, errors in the most common and widely used Google translator can also be found. Although there were no major problems in conveying simple meanings, sentence construction using auxiliary verbs was not performed properly. By briefly introducing these problems, it was found that the necessity for contrast study and corpus construction between the two languages was required.
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DELZ, MARISA, BENJAMIN LAYER, SARAH SCHULZ, and JOHANNES WAHLE. "OVERGENERALIZATION OF VERBS - THE CHANGE OF THE GERMAN VERB SYSTEM." In Proceedings of the 9th International Conference (EVOLANG9). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814401500_0013.

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Leseva, Svetlozara, and Ivelina Stoyanova. "SEMANTIC DESCRIPTION OF VERBS OF CHANGE: HIERARCHICAL ORGANISATION OF THE RELEVANT CONCEPTUAL FRAMES." In International Annual Conference of the Institute for Bulgarian Language (Sofia, 2021). Prof. Marin Drinov Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/confibl2021.ii.31.

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"Exploring motivations to change; change the state or change the value." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.g8.lynam2.

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Pinto, Roberto Enrique. "State Change Equation: Calculation formula." In 2012 Workshop on Engineering Applications (WEA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wea.2012.6220074.

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Wettstein, Hans E. "Polytropic Change of State Calculations." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36202.

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Polytropic change of state calculations are used within many thermodynamic cycle analysis tasks for turbomachinery like gas turbines or compressors. The typical approach is using formulas, which are theoretically valid for ideal gas conditions only. But often gases are used, which do certainly not behave like ideal gases. This is motivation to check how and which polytropic change of state algorithms can be used for real gases or corresponding mixtures. There is a vast experience on polytropic efficiencies achievable with existing turbomachinery. Manufacturers calibrate their performance analysis with real test results for compensating potential deviations from their analysis approach. But they normally do not disclose their approaches for the thermodynamic calculation and the corrections made based on their test results. But for investigations of new thermodynamic cycles before the stage of development with an available demonstrator a best possible prediction of the performance is desired. In this paper the assumptions and formulas for calculating polytropic changes of state and polytropic efficiencies are gathered from literature. The most fundamental assumption is based on a constant dissipation rate during the polytropic change of state. It could be tracked back to Zeuner, Stodola and Dzung. A numerically convenient approximation is the “polytropic exponent approach”. It fulfills the first assumption for an ideal gas but it is only an approximation for real gases. The temperature after a polytropic change of state is defined by its initial condition, the pressure ratio and the polytropic efficiency. Three different calculation algorithms are compared here: The recursive “constant dissipation rate algorithm” suggested by the author, the most used “ideal gas formula” and the “polytropic exponent formula” as the most used approximation for real gases. Numeric results for compression from 1bar to up to 100bar are shown for dry air, Argon, Neon, Nitrogen, Oxygen and CO2. The deviations of the different calculation approaches are considerable.
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Sunshine, Joshua, Karl Naden, Sven Stork, Jonathan Aldrich, and Éric Tanter. "First-class state change in plaid." In the 2011 ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2048066.2048122.

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Rezinold, Elsie, Ankit Kumar Singh, S. Balamurugan, K. Aroul, and R. Marimuthu. "Device state change by monitoring heartbeat." In 2017 Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (i-PACT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipact.2017.8244976.

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Chowdhury, Ahmed, Xiaoyang Mao, Lakshmi N. A. Venkatanarasimhan, and Chiradeep Sen. "Finite-State Automata-Based Representation of Device States for Function Modeling and Formal Definitions of Signal-Processing Functions." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98248.

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Abstract Graph-based function models used in early-stage systems design usually represent only one operational state and mode of the system. Currently, there is a need, but no rigorous formalism to model the different modes in the function model and logically predict the effects of the system transitioning between the modes. This paper presents a representation of operational modes and states of technical systems based on automata theory for both discrete and continuous state transitions. It then presents formal definitions of three signal-processing verbs that actuate or regulate energy flows: Actuate_E, Regulate_E_Discrete, and Regulate_E_Continuous. The graphical templates, definitions, and application of each verb in modeling is illustrated. Finally, a system-level model is used to illustrate the verbs’ modeling and reasoning ability, in terms of cause-and-effect propagation and the systems’ transition between operational modes.
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Reports on the topic "Verbs of change of state"

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Craig, S. L., J. A. Nolen, and D. Phillips. Change-state selector installed. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/166398.

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DeSanti, C., H. K. Vivek, K. McCloghrie, and S. Gai. Fibre Channel Registered State Change Notification (RSCN) MIB. RFC Editor, August 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc4983.

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Goulder, Lawrence, and Robert Stavins. Interactions between State and Federal Climate Change Policies. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16123.

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Benson, D. K., J. D. Webb, R. W. Burrows, J. D. O. McFadden, and C. Christensen. Materials research for passive solar systems: solid-state phase-change materials. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5923397.

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Colocousis, Chris. The state of Coos County: local perspectives on community and change. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.40.

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Harrison, Ann, Marshall Meyer, Peichun Wang, Linda Zhao, and Minyuan Zhao. Can a Tiger Change Its Stripes? Reform of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises in the Penumbra of the State. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25475.

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Kato, Kazuhito, and Satoshi Kitazaki. A Study of Change of Driver's State Due to Long-Term Driving. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-08-0620.

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McPherson, Guy R., and Jake F. Weltzin. Disturbance and climate change in United States/Mexico borderland plant communities: a state-of-the-knowledge review. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-gtr-50.

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Staley, Michael. Coverage Rates Stabilize for Children’s Health Insurance: State Policy Change May Be Needed to Address Remaining Children Without Insurance. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.232.

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Mohlenhoff, Kathryn. Tracking Fish and Human Response to Abrupt Environmental Change at Tse-whit-zen: A Large Native American Village on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1052.

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