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1
Ungermanová, Marta. "Préfixation des verbes de déplacement tchèques." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 289–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.24.2.10ung.
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Summary Prefixation of the Verbs of Movement in Czech Prefixed verbs constitute a major proportion of verbs of movement (as defined in 1.1. of the article) in Czech. We consider those formed by the prefixes : při-, od-, vy-, v-, do-, roz- and s-We examine their syntactic properties, especially their compatibility with different locative complements, trying to find typical properties or restrictions for each prefix. Whilst traditional grammar ascribes a meaning to prefixes, we defend the position that a prefix derives its meaning from its interaction with the other elements of the sentence (not only the root verb), and that all elements of the sentence contribute to create the meaning of a sentence.
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TOLSKAYA, INNA K. "Verbal prefixes in Russian: Conceptual structure versus syntax." Journal of Linguistics 51, no. 1 (June 9, 2014): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226714000206.
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At first glance, the variety of possible denotations of a given prefix in Russian might appear a chaotic set of idiomatic meanings, e.g. the prefix za- may refer to the beginning of an action, movement to a position behind an object, a brief deviation from a path, or completion of an action. I propose a unified analysis of Russian prefixes, where the differences in meaning are claimed to arise from different syntactic positions, while the lexical entry of a prefix remains the same. The main focus is on the verbs of motion due to the consistent duality displayed by the prefix meanings when added to directional and non-directional motion verbs. It turns out that prefixes modify path when added onto a directional motion verb and refer to movement in time with non-directional motion verbs. This semantic distinction corresponds to distinct sets of syntactic properties, characteristic of the lexical and superlexical prefixes. Furthermore, a tripartite division emerges in each set of prefixes, corresponding to goal, source and route of motion (TO, FROM, VIA, respectively) for lexical prefixes and to beginning, completion and duration for superlexical prefixes. This leads to the suggestion that the same prefix with a consistent conceptual meaning, shared with the corresponding preposition receives part of its denotation from its position in the syntactic representation. The separation of conceptual meaning from the structural meaning allows the polysemy to arise from position, rather than from arbitrary homophony. Thus, conceptual structure is unified with syntax.
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VIIMARANTA, JOHANNA. "The Russian prefix pod- from the viewpoint of lexical concepts." Language and Cognition 6, no. 4 (May 12, 2014): 462–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2014.11.
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abstractThe Russian prefix pod- has several meanings, both concrete ones having to do with approaching or being under or down, and a series of seemingly unrelated abstract meanings such as imitating, ingratiating, or doing in secret. This paper approaches the polysemy of pod- from the viewpoint of the Theory of Lexical Concepts and Conceptual Models (LCCM) that sees word meaning not as a permanent property of words, but as a dynamic process in which context and accessed non-linguistic knowledge representation play an important role. This approach uses the notion of lexical concepts to describe the mediating unit between concrete linguistic examples and cognitive models that these examples are connected to. The 505 verbs analyzed bring up the lexical concepts [UNDER], [VERTICAL MOVEMENT], [CLOSE], and [CONTACT]. The connection of these lexical concepts with certain metaphorical and metonymical models is also discussed. Twelve of the 505 verbs are examined more closely in different contexts with the help of twenty-nine illustrative examples from the spoken corpus of the Russian National Corpus.
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Cook, Eung-Do. "Athapaskan: a Structural Overview." section II 38, no. 1 (September 30, 2002): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/002365ar.
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Abstract In this structural overview, I will focus on the morphology with a brief discussion of phonology and syntax for the reason that Athapaskan, as a "polysynthetic" language, has a very complex morphological structure of the verb. In terms of the number of segments, Athapaskan is one of the richest in the inventory of the consonants, which include three series of obstruents (plain, aspirated, and glottalized). Particularly rich is the inventory of affricates, which include, for most Athapaskan languages, three sets (dental, lateral, and palatal). The major lexical categories include verbs, nouns, and postpositions. Minor categories include deictic-demonstratives, numerals, locatives, adverbials, etc. Nouns and postpositions are morphologically identical in that they inflect with the same set of personal prefixes, marking a possessor for nouns and object for postpositions. But nouns and postpositions are different syntactically because only nouns function as a subject or direct object, whereas postpositions play other syntactic functions often incorporated into the verb. The verb morphology is characterized by a complex prefix structure as well as stem variation marking not only tense /aspect I mode, but also such other features as number and what are known to be the characteristics of the so-called 'classificatory' verbs. Athapaskan verbs are known for more or less a dozen prefix positions, although not all of these positions are filled for a particular verb. The classificatory verb system, which includes half a dozen or more alternating stems, is the most interesting and intriguing morphosemantic characteristic of the Athapaskan language, which would be particularly interesting to interpreters and translators. The syntactic structures involving the third and fourth person pronominal prefixes have been the most lively theoretical issue. Athapaskan is a verb-final language and a verb alone often represents a sentence. Typically the subject noun phrase and verb phrase are the first and last constituents of the sentence where other constituents, e.g. adverb, a postpositional phrase (indirect object) and direct object noun phrase occur between these two constituents. Relative clause and direct I indirect discourse are the best known noun phrase and verb phrase complementations, whereas topicalization and extraposition are the two best known movement rules in Athapaskan.
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Sheehan, Michelle. "BASIC WORD ORDER IN BRAZILIAN PORTUGUESE: A HYBRID EXTENDED PROJECTION PRINCIPLE (EPP) | A ORDEM BÁSICA DE PALAVRAS NO PORTUGUÊS BRASILEIRO: UM PRINCÍPIO DA PROJEÇÃO ESTENDIDO (EPP) HÍBRIDO." Estudos Linguísticos e Literários, no. 58 (June 11, 2017): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ell.v0i58.26808.
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<p>This paper proposes a novel analysis of word order in Brazilian Portuguese (BP), based on a hybrid model of EPP satisfaction. It is proposed that the subject requirement or EPP is a [uD] feature on T which can be satisfied either by DP movement or by movement of an inflected verb bearing a [D] feature in BP. This, it is claimed, offers an explanatory account of basic word order patterns in BP. External argument DPs, merged above V, are closer to T than V, meaning that they must raise to satisfy the EPP, predicting SV(O) order with transitive and unergative predicates, including transitive psych-predicates. Internal arguments are merged below V, however, and so with unaccusatives, it is movement of the verb bearing a [uD] feature which satisfies the EPP, giving rise to VS order. With copular verbs which take small clause complements, a similar affect holds, as the copular verb can satisfy the EPP. Verb movement can also satisfy the EPP in impersonal contexts, hence the fact that BP lacks overt expletives.</p><p>Resumo: Este artigo propõe uma nova análise da ordem de palavras no Português Brasileiro (PB), baseada num modelo hibrido de satisfação do Princípio da Projeção Extendido (PPE). Propõe-se que o requisito de sujeito ou PPE é um rasgo [uD] no núcleo T, que se pode satisfazer ou por alçamento de um DP ou por movimento de um verbo flexionado com um traço [D] no PB. Esta abordagem oferece uma análise explanatória da ordem básica das palavras no PB. Os argumentos externos (dos verbos transitivos e inergativos) que originam acima do verbo, são mais perto de T, assim que devem mover para satisfazer o PPE, o que prediz corretamente a ordem SV(O) com estes verbos (incluso os predicados psicológicos transitivos). Os argumentos internos originam abaixo do verbo, assim que com os verbos inacusativos, e o verbo com um traco [D] que deve satisfazer o PPE, ocasionando a ordem VS. Com os verbos copulares com clausulas pequenas como complemento, observamos algo parecido porque a verbo copulativo também pode satisfazer o PPE. O alçamento do verbo também pode satisfazer o PPE em contextos impessoais, por isso a falta de expletivos no PB. </p><p> </p>
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Pearson, Matt. "Voice morphology, case, and argument structure in Malagasy." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 34 (January 1, 2004): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.34.2004.215.
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[V]oice in Malagasy is less like voice in English and more like wh-agreement, of the sort which Chung (1998) documents for Chamorro. In A' -extraction contexts in Chamorro, regular subject agreement […] is replaced by special morphology indicating whether the extracted element is a subject, object, or oblique […]. In Pearson (to appear) I suggested that Malagasy voice marking is a 'generalized' version of this type of marking: While in Chamorro wh-agreement is confined to questions, relative clauses, and the like, in Malagasy it appears in all clause types due to a requirement that the specifier of WhP be filled in every clause. [...]
In this paper I focus on the voice affixes themselves and propose an account of their distribution. Specifically, I argue that they are realizations of light verbs and Case-checking heads, which combine with the root through head-to-head movement. The distribution of the affixes is determined by the positions from which, and through which, the null operator […] moves on its way to the specifier of WhP. For example, the actor-topic prefix m- is treated as a nominative Casechecking head, which gets spelled out just in case the operator raises through its specifier. (My analysis is thus in the spirit of Guilfoyle, Hung, & Travis (1992), who also associate voice morphemes with Case licensing.)
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Richter, Evelyn. "The Acquisition of Prefix and Particle Verbs in German: Evidence from CHILDES." LSA Annual Meeting Extended Abstracts 1 (May 2, 2010): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/exabs.v0i0.525.
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German prefix and particle verbs differ in their morphological composition and morpho-syntactic behavior (see Zeller 2001). This project investigates errors children do (not) make in the acquisition of these verb types using semi-automatically extracted CHILDES data from one child (1.9 to 4.0). The results support our prediction that children distinguish prefix and particle verbs: Prefix verbs are not split. Perfective ge- is not inserted between prefix and root. ge- is not attached before the particle. Verb dropping only occurs with particle verbs. Contrasting stress patterns could be explored as the reason for the child’s ability to distinguish these verb types.
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Lyubeznova, Natalia. "The phenomenon of syntagmatic motivation in prefix verb derivation in the Russian language." Филология: научные исследования, no. 2 (February 2020): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0749.2020.2.29207.
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The subject of this research is the syntagmatic motivational linkages in prefix verb derivation of the Russian language, observed in the aspect of synchronic dynamics. The author examines such aspects of the topic as syntagma (combination of two verbal-cogitative components connected by hierarchical relations of the principal and explanatory) and syntagmatic motivation (substantiated by syntactic models). Special attention is given to the fact that the motivated verb derivative structure can correlate with the motivating components in either syntagmatic sphere or paradigmatic sphere. The scientific novelty is associated with determination of peculiarities of syntagmatic motivation of derived verbs, role of the verbal prefixes in syntagmatic motivation, stages of “derivational history” and varieties of syntagmatic motivation of prefix verbs. The following conclusions were made: 1) full structural-semantic syntagmatic motivation – prefix verbs are motivated by syntactic microstructures, including non-prefix verb and prepositional-nominal constructs, in which preposition is materially and semantically analogous to prefix; 2) semi syntagmatic motivation – prefix verbs are motivated by syntactic microstructures, including non-prefix verb and adverb or combination of noun with preposition, consonant with prefix semantically, but not formally.
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FUKUSHIMA, KAZUHIKO. "Morpho-semantic bracketing paradox and compositionality: The implications of the sized inalienable possession construction in Japanese." Journal of Linguistics 50, no. 1 (November 21, 2013): 91–141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226713000297.
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One challenge to lexical (or, more specifically, morphological) integrity – and more generally to compositionality of meaning – is bracketing paradox. Sized inalienable possession(SIP) in Japanese (e.g. ko-kubi‘small-neck’ in [VP[NPko-kubi-o]kasigeru] ‘small-neck-acctilt’) is an instance of bracketing paradox where morphological bracketing (such as above) and semantic bracketing (below) conflict with each other. Specifically, a prefix likeko- above acts as an adverbial modifier for a VP, not as a nominal modifier (i.e. [VPslightly (ko) [VPneck tilt]] ‘tilt one's neck slightly’). It is proposed that: (a) syntactically, an SIP expression and its ‘host’ verb are collocationally dependent, and (b) Semantically, either argument or adjunct SIP expressions are Montagovian functors. They take (or act upon) a predicate meaning as an argument to give rise to an appropriate interpretation. This has the effect of confining the unusual adverbial modification within SIP expressions. Without additional stipulations, the current proposal solves hitherto unnoticed empirical problems faced by previous syntactic accounts. In doing so, it avoids employing mechanisms contradicting morphological integrity, namely LF movement of a bound morpheme or co-indexing a word-internal element. Thus, at least in the domain of SIP, the current approach enables us to remain faithful to morphological integrity. A broader issue touched upon here is how compositional semantics is accomplished when it is superficially violated as above. This paper shows that strict adherence to iconicity between syntax and semantics is by no means a necessity for compositional semantics.
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Gjervold, Jonas. "Prefix Variation: A Comparison between Slang and Contemporary Standard Russian." Poljarnyj vestnik 16 (December 9, 2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.2807.
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This paper explores prefix variation in Russian occasional verbs. Occasional words are words that are produced in speech, but don't recur as consolidated units in the language. The main aim is to determine whether prefix variation behaves differently in occasional verbs than in standardized Russian.
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Monakhov, Sergei. "Russian prefixed verbs as constructional schemas." Russian Linguistics 45, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 45–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11185-021-09238-1.
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AbstractThis study tests the morphological gradience theory on Russian prefixed verbs. With the help of a specially designed experiment, in which participants were asked to evaluate the semantic transparency of a prefixed nonse verb given in minimal context, as well as to semanticise it by suggesting an existing Russian verb with the same prefix, we offer evidence that these verbs can be analysed as constructional schemas and that the degree of their morphological decomposition depends upon the different levels of activation of their sequential and lexical links. We prove that speakers of Russian are very sensitive to the etymological connection between verb prefixes and the prepositions they are related to. Thus, prefix-stem constructions with prefixes that correspond to prepositions are more likely to be morphologically decomposed, while prefix-stem constructions with prefixes that do not relate to prepositions tend to be regarded as single lexical units. Moreover, the general, highly abstract semantics of Russian prefix-stem constructions, especially of those that retain their ‘prepositional’ meaning, is undoubtedly accessible to language users, which is confirmed by the fact that the interpretability of these constructions is affected by priming.
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Sokolova, Svetlana. "«Засмотрите и зацените»: продуктивность приставки за- в современном русском языке(“Zasmotrite i zacenite”: Productivity of the Prefix ZA- in Modern Russian)." Poljarnyj vestnik 12 (January 1, 2009): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1291.
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This paper discusses the main tendencies in which the Russian prefix ZA- appears to be productive. Since the two major instantiations of its productivity, i.e. its inchoative use and the ability to form perfective counterparts of bi-aspectual verbs, are rather well described in the literature we place our focus on the usage of ZA- in modern slang. We analyze those cases where the prefix ZA- seems to replace other prefixes in aspectual pairs which are traditionally used and listed in dictionaries. Based on data from websites, the paper offers a detailed analysis of two groups of verbs: verbs like za-cenit' ‘to estimate, check something out' (instead of o-cenit') in youth slang and verbs like za-modelirovat' 'to model' (instead of s-modelirovat') in professional slang. Both groups of verbs show regularity and extensibility of the prefix ZA- and reflect the meanings of 'fixation' and 'excessiveness', which appear to be communicatively important for the prefx ZA-. We believe that by analyzing the productivity of a prefix and profiling its communicatively important meanings we may contribute to the description of its semantic network.
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Albuarabi, Saja. "A Linguistic History of Iraqi Arabic (Mesopotamian Arabic)." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN LINGUISTICS 9 (May 30, 2018): 1371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jal.v9i0.7391.
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The objective of this work is to investigate the linguistic structure of Iraqi Arabic or what is known as Mesopotamian Arabic. The paper presents an overview of some of the fundamental analyses of Iraqi Arabic - Mesopotamian Arabic. This article is concentrated on the most important parts of the language which are the phonological, morphological, and syntactical features. The paper not only examines the linguistic feature of Iraqi Arabic but it also, discusses how Iraqi Arabic dialect is different from Modern Standard Arabic with data that are not considered before and with certain new theoretical proposals. The researcher analysis the three dialects, which are Baghdadi, Southern, and Maslawi dialect and provides an important data for each dialect. Unlike Modern Standard Arabic, Iraqi Arabic went through many changes. Phonologically, Iraqi Arabic has more consonants than Modern Standard Arabic, and a few additional long vowels. Many sounds have been replaced with different sounds. In addition, the words in Iraqi Arabic does not end with vowels. Therefore, words end with consonants rather than vowels in Iraqi Arabic. Morphologically, Iraqi Arabic is different from Modern Standard Arabic in the present progressive tense. In Iraqi Arabic, the tenses are formed by adding a prefix to the conjugated stem of the verb, which cannot be found in Modern Standard Arabic. Syntactically, Iraqi Arabic differs from Modern Standard Arabic in two ways: first, there is no case marking; Iraqi Arabic does not show overt cases as it is found in Modern Standard Arabic. Second, Iraqi Arabic lacks agreement. Iraqi Arabic does not always follow the structure of verb-subject order as found in Modern Standard Arabic. The verb usually has full agreement with the subject in both orders, subject-verb, and verb-subject. Finally, Iraqi Arabic has an interesting feature which is head movement that cannot be found in Modern Standard Arabic as Soltan argues. This is can be shown in the following example: [The student seems that ____ he read the book.] Among the other issues that the author discusses in this study is the history of Iraqi Arabic. In addition to the features of Iraqi Arabic and the effects of other languages, such as Turkish and Semitic languages on Iraqi dialects.
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Sukhorukova, Y. A., and Y. V. Fil. "Prospective Semantics in Russian and Other Slavic Languages (Based on the Verbs with Prefix Pred-)." Rusin, no. 62 (2020): 176–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/62/10.
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This study continues the derivatological and aspectological traditions of studying verbal prefixes as semantic distributors of the verb, expanding its capabilities in the expression of an action. The article discusses the results of a study of prospective semantics based on the verbs with the prefix pred-. This prefix has an old Slavonic origin and is realized in several meanings, the most striking of which is an indication of a previously performed action (prospectivity). This meaning is not primary, as it derives from the spatial one (being ahead), which reflects the general picture of time representation through space, on the one hand, and the models of development of spatial meanings in other semantic spheres that have developed in the language, on the other. Prospective semantics proved to be in demand not only in old Slavonic, but also in other Slavic languages (despite the quantitative differences in the use of units in these languages). The analysis of verbs and units derived from verbs with prefix pred- and its analogues shows a significantly greater number of units with this prefix in Russian and other Slavic languages (Bulgarian, Rusin, Czech, Polish, etc.) in comparison with the old Slavonic language, as well as their constant growth and semantic diversity. The research reveals the semantic features of the prefix pred- in Russian with the background of other Slavic languages (less semantic diversity of prefix meanings and verbs with it in comparison with the Bulgarian and Czech languages; predominance of prospective prefix semantics in the verbal sphere and weakening of the spatial one; absence of the meaning of the preliminary action in relation to the main one), and examines the interaction of the spatial meaning of the prefix with the meanings of prospectivity and superiority.
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Magria, Vera, and Asridayani Asridayani. "Verb Formations in Muara Bungo Language: Morphological Review on Rantau Pandan Dialect." Soshum : Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/soshum.v8i1.771.
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A verb is a language element used by the community in communication. There are various verbs formation applied in Muara Bungo especially Rantau Pandan dialect, like adding affixes to the verb and the processes occurred to the verb itself. In this study, the authors focused on verbs formation derived from nouns and adjectives. The process of affixation includes derivative and inflective affixes. For the data collection, the author applied listening and interview methods. The process of verb formation occurred on nouns and adjectives in speech or lingual data obtained were then analyzed and determined by applying translational analysis method. The verb formation process would be clearer when classes of the words found had been classified. The researcher found the verbs formation was from the process that occurred at the time of the formation of the verb. The affixation process in this study includes derivative and inflective affixes. The affixes are functioned for forming nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numbers. The prefix ber- has form variations like ba- and be-. Prefix ma- has form variations like mang- and meny-. Prefix n- has form variations such as n- and ng- forms. The prefix te- has form variations such as ta-, tany-.
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Rahmawati and Mulyadi. "Transitive Word Order in Karonese Language." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 4, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.5.16.
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The research aims to look for word-formation from suffix -i and -pe and the prefix-ken. The problem of the research was whether the suffix -i and -ken and the prefix pe- can form transitive in sentences. This study used the qualitative approach. The complex predicate data were analyzed using the agih method which is part of the language itself which becomes the determining tool. This is an appropriate method of analyzing language. This study indicates that sentence formation in the Karo language initially uses the VOS word order. At the suffix-i, the transitive word order VOS is found, the suffix -ken used the VO word order and at the prefix pe- also used the VOS word order. The suffix -i was initially used with adjectives, intransitive verbs, and nouns to form a root word in the form of a locative transitive verb (referring to a place). If suffix –ken combined with a root word which is a group of adjectives, intransitive verbs, or nouns, the meaning becomes causative, making the sufferer become/do something. The prefix pe- functions to change adjectives, intransitive verbs, and nouns into transitive verbs. The derivative form produces a causative meaning.
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Nefedova, Elena A. "On the Specifics of Verbal Prefixation in Modern Russian Dialects." Izvestiia Rossiiskoi akademii nauk. Seriia literatury i iazyka 80, no. 4 (2021): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s241377150016298-0.
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The article focuses on the functioning of two-prefixed verbs, in which the second prefix element is the prefix za- (for-). The productivity of secondary verb prefixation in the dialects of the Arkhangelsk region is confirmed, word-forming models are identified, the effect of which leads to a complication of the ways of forming perfect verbs, to the appearance of synonymous pairs of perfect verbs (cover and cover), as well as to the formation of synonymous specific pairs of verbs (cover – cover and cover – cover). The factors contributing to the productivity of verbal prefixation are determined, and its connection with the communicative features of dialect speech is established.
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Tresbarats, Chantal. "Tone in Abidji morphology." Studies in African Linguistics 21, no. 1 (April 15, 1990): 107–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v21i1.107440.
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This article is a description of the morphology of the regular verbs in Abidji. It shows how segmental and tonal rules interact to produce the realization of 14 tense-aspect combinations in 2 different classes of verbs. Each tense or aspect is represented by a specific tone pattern on the verb root and causes the occurrence of a certain tone on the prefix. I start with the description of the verbal structure and the presentation of the various tense-aspect combinations and of the 3 classes of verbs. Then I describe the tonal realization of each tense-aspect combination on the stems of Class 1 and Class 2 verbs Oeaving out the third class of irregular verbs). Finally, I describe the phonological rules that create the tone-pattern found on the prefix.
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Łaziński, Marek. "Between ingressivity and resultativity: The prefix za- in contemporary Polish from a cross-Slavic perspective." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 65, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2020-0013.
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SummaryThe aim of this paper is to describe the submeanings of the prefix za- in its perfectivising function in Polish. The semantic meaning of this prefix deserves a reassessment given its high productivity in new, often colloquial verbal derivatives. In such derivatives, e. g. zagłosować ‘vote’, zawalczyć ‘struggle’ or zapozować ‘pose’, as well as in many other older verbs, the meaning of za- seems to be distinctly different from the traditionally assumed meanings: ingressive, allative, hiding, covering or damaging (a discussion of previous analyses of za- is presented in Section 2). This article proposes a new meaning of Polish za-: the segmentative meaning (see Section 3.4). The object of this analysis is za- in purely aspectual pairs of verbs consisting of an unprefixed imperfective (ipf.) and a perfective (pf.) with za- (for the definition of a purely aspectual pair of verbs and some modifications for motion verbs, see Sections 1 and 3.5). The paper is not concerned with Aktionsart meanings expressed by the prefix za- in lexical derivations from a simplex ipf. verb in which a pf. verb is paired with another derived imperfective. Such pairs of pf. and impf. verbs in za- are considered only as a background for the analysis of za- as a pure perfectiviser.
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Dudok, Anna. "MEANS AND METHODS OF EXPRESSING THE SENSES IN ENGLISH PREFIXAL VERBS." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 42, no. 5 (February 12, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/4202.
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The paper dwells upon the systematic description of English verbal prefixes. The verbal prefix is to be treated in the paradigmatic and syntagmatic plane of the language. It is asserted in this article that the meaning of a prefix is identical to that of the preposition – the relationship between two objects in space extrapolating on two consecutive states of the subject/object in time, and when generalized, form the two types of senses. Such prefix features as origin, transporting opportunity, negation and valency are considered, as well as semantic features (such as polysemy and chains of synonyms). In semantic analysis we deal with semes as the meaning constituents defining basic and secondary semes. The process of the formation of different senses has been distinguished by means of semantic opposition and combinations of semes that form the invariant meaning of the verbal prefix.
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Pozolotina, Tatiana. "Emptiness is not so empty: The meaning of the Russian prefix вы- in the natural perfective verbs." Poljarnyj vestnik 12 (January 1, 2009): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1296.
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This paper analyzes the meaning of the so-called "empty" prefix вы- (‘out-') of natural perfective verbs in the Russian language. It is argued that the prefix is not semantically empty, but displays meanings that can be analyzed as a radial category.
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Fista, Eva, Tita Kyriacopoulou, Claude Martineau, and Rania Voskaki. "Les verbes préfixés en grec moderne." Actes du «27e colloque international sur le lexique et la grammaire» (L'Aquila, 10-13 septembre 2008). Première partie 32, no. 2 (December 15, 2009): 176–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.32.2.02fis.
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In the present article we are studying the relation between the prefix sun- and the simple verbal basis of the Greek lexicon-grammar in order to find the regularities pertaining to the behavior of the prefix sun-, which will contribute to the semi-automatic enrichment of the electronic dictionary DELAGR. A series of observations on the syntactic structures containing these verbs reveal the fact that prefixation has to be considered in terms of predicative relations and arguments. The article is divided in three parts: 1. presentation of some particularities; 2. description of the inflection of prefixed verbs 3. presentation of data and restraints. In conclusion we are providing some statistic elements concerning the formation of prefixed verbs with sun-.
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Clark, Eve V., Kathie L. Carpenter, and Werner Deutsch. "Reference states and reversals: undoing actions with verbs." Journal of Child Language 22, no. 3 (October 1995): 633–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305000900009983.
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ABSTRACTThe purpose of these studies is to characterize children's conception of reversal and its relation to a reference state. A reversal is the move from one state to some prior state of affairs. For example, shoes that have been TIED can be UNTIED, parcels WRAPPED then UNWRAPPED, and dishes COVERED then UNCOVERED. The present studies were designed to find out how children (aged 1;0 to 5;0) describe reversals of action that restore objects to a prior, less constrained, state. In English, the prefix un- offers the most productive device for this, but, initially, children rely on a verb like open, on general purpose undo, and on particles like out and off, As they acquire un-, English-speaking children must learn that this prefix applies primarily to verbs for change-of-state, often for enclosing, covering and attaching. In German, there is no reversal prefix, but there are productive particles. German-speaking children also begin with a verb like open and then turn to verb particles on a course similar to that in English to express reversals.
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Luraghi, Silvia, Chiara Naccarato, and Erica Pinelli. "The u+gen construction in Modern Standard Russian." Cognitive Linguistics 31, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 149–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cog-2018-0001.
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AbstractIn Modern Standard Russian (MSR), the prefix/preposition pair u-/u is peculiar with respect to other similar pairs, due to the meaning mismatch between the two. While the prefix u- has an ablative meaning, as shown when it is prefixed to motion verbs, the prepositional phrase u+gen occurs in locative constructions, and other related constructions, such as predicative possession that is expressed via the cross-linguistically common Locative Schema. Etymological considerations show that the meaning preserved by the prefix is older. The only type of occurrence which, according to the literature, preserves the ablative meaning for the u+gen construction is found with verbs of requesting, removing, and buying. Notably, however, in other Slavic languages putative ablative contexts are limited to verbs of requesting. Data from MSR, Old Church Slavic, Polish and Czech lead to the conclusion that the extension of the u+gen construction to verbs of removing in MSR is based on its use for the encoding of predicative possession. Extension to verbs of buying is better explained through the locative meaning of the construction. As a result of different developments, the u+gen construction has become part of the argument structure of a group of verbs including verbs of asking and requesting, verbs of removing, and verbs of buying, which are characterized by the common feature of taking human non-recipient third arguments. We argue that the different usages of the u+gen construction in MSR constitute an instance of constructionalization based on the merger of originally different constructions. We further argue that accounting for this development in constructional terms offers better insights in the relation among the various different usages of u+gen than simply focusing on the meaning of the preposition and its polysemy pattern.
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Jensen, Cheryl. "Object-prefix incorporation in Proto Tupí-Guaraní verbs." Language Sciences 9, no. 1 (April 1987): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0388-0001(87)80008-6.
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Fenger, Paula, Ava Creemers, and Marlijn Meijer. "On the syntactic nature of the Dutch prefix." Linguistics in the Netherlands 32 (December 11, 2015): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/avt.32.04fen.
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This paper provides a novel syntactic analysis of the Dutch prefix be-. This prefix can derive new verbs by attaching to verbs (be-vindV-en ‘to be located’), nouns (be-dijkN-en ‘to dam up’) or adjectives (be-grootA-en ‘to economize’). It can also form new adpositions by combining with adjectives (be-needA-en, ‘below’) or prepositions (be-ove(r)P-(e)n ‘above’). We propose an analysis of be- based on Aboh’s (2010) account for complex locative expressions in typologically different languages, including Gungbe, Zina Kotoko, English and Dutch. We extend this analysis to Dutch verbal complexes, and argue that be- expresses a functional category (F°) that embeds a predicate phrase containing the element it attaches to, in both adpositions and verbs. Our analysis goes against Hoekstra, Lansu and Westerduin’s (1987) small clause account of be- in verbal complexes in which be- is the head of a predicate phrase (Pr°).
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Mattes, Veronika. "What do children know about German verb prefixes?" Mental Lexicon 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 274–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.00007.mat.
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Abstract Not much is known about how children cope with the task of acquiring the complex, polyfunctional, and often abstract and idiosyncratic system of German verbal prefixes. This paper presents an experimental study on children’s knowledge, i.e. their morphological and semantic awareness, of the five verbal prefixes be‑, ent‑, er‑, ver‑, and zer‑ in preschool age and early school age. The experiment combines a decision and a definition task involving canonical and novel prefix verbs, and it examines the influence of context on the recognition of the verbs. The results of the study show that, in general, the knowledge of prefix verbs increases significantly between 6 and 8 years. Preschoolers have preliminary, but still very labile representations of the five verbal prefixes, school children have established much more independent representations, however, the lexical knowledge they have about prefixes and prefixed verbs is still fragmentary. The five prefixes under investigation differ considerably with respect to their morpho-semantic transparency. Higher transparency results in good passive knowledge of the prefixes, even when they are rarely used by the children spontaneously, such as the infrequent, but semantically salient prefix ent- (ent-kommen ‘escape’), that is much better known to children than spontaneous speech data would suggest.
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Šarić, Ljiljana, and Svetlana Nedelcheva. "The verbal prefix u- in Croatian and Bulgarian." Languages in Contrast 18, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 252–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lic.16015.sar.
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Abstract This study compares the semantic networks of the verbal prefix u- in two South Slavic languages, Bulgarian (blg.) and Croatian (cro.), in a cognitive linguistics framework using two databases of prefixed verbs drawn from dictionaries and corpora. We point to similarities and overlapping categories in the semantic networks of u- in blg. and cro., as well as to differences. When accounting for the differences, we consider prefixes semantically similar to u- (within one language and in both languages) that combine with the same base verbs forming either prefixed near-synonyms (e.g., blg. uvehna, zavehna, izvehna ‘wither, fade’; cro. umastiti, omastiti, zamastiti ‘grease, stain’) or prefixed verbs that are only seemingly near-synonyms (e.g., blg. ukaža ‘indicate, show’, okaža se ‘turn out’; cro. ocrniti ‘denigrate, slander’, ucrniti (se) ‘color black, wear black’). We examine how the meaning networks of individual semantically related prefixes (e.g., u- and za-, iz-) overlap within one language and across the two languages, as well as how different construals of the same event affect the prefix choice.
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Damanik, Sisila Fitriany, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Ergativity Case-Marking in Batak Toba Language." Budapest International Research and Critics in Linguistics and Education (BirLE) Journal 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2020): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birle.v3i1.755.
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Batak Toba Language (BTL) is an accusative, ergative and split-S language. It is called accusative because BTL has an active diathesis basic construction. In the BTL, the active diathesis clause is morphologically marked on the verb (head marking) by adding the prefix /ma-/, /maN-/ or zero prefix (occurred in some verbs that can stand without affixes). BTL is categorized ergative, firstly, because in the basic S argument from the intransitive verbs in BTL can be semantically gets the most influence from the verb, and it is also applied as O of intransitive verbs. Secondly, By using treatment parameters S equal to O and different from A in nominal construction. BTL is also categorized as split-S language because the behavior is that the agent-like argument of intransitive verb (Sa) in transitive verbs can be nominalized with /par-/ affixes, while the patient-like arguments of other intransitive patients cannot be nominalized with /par-/ affixes
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Shishigin, K. A. "Hybrid Characteristics of Prefixed Verbs in Yiddish." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 1143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-1143-1151.
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The research objective was to show the hybrid characteristics of prefixed verbs in Yiddish caused by its contact with Semitic and Slavic languages. The Yiddish system of verb prefixes, in particular, those with hybrid polysemy, is a phenomenon when the German form and German content acquired a very similar Slavic meaning. As a result, such prefixes retained the features of their German equivalents, while modifying their semantic, morphosyntactic, and word-formation potential. This phenomenon affected some Yiddish verbs under the impact of contacts with adstratum languages and intralinguistic tendencies. The present research featured Yiddish verbs with the ariber- prefix. The analysis revealed that Slavic adstratum semantic characteristics caused the hybridization of the Yiddish system of verb prefixes. As a result, Yiddish prefixed verbs were able to describe and conceptualize situations left out by the German language, but indicated by Slavic languages. To describe the same situation, the same base word in Yiddish could be combined with a larger amount of prefixes than in German and Slavic languages. Thus, synonymous series of prefix verbs in Yiddish occurred as a result of the hybridization of its German-based system with elements borrowed from Semitic and Slavic languages.
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Shishigin, K. A. "Hybrid Characteristics of Prefixed Verbs in Yiddish." Bulletin of Kemerovo State University 22, no. 4 (January 5, 2021): 1143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2020-22-4-1143-1151.
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The research objective was to show the hybrid characteristics of prefixed verbs in Yiddish caused by its contact with Semitic and Slavic languages. The Yiddish system of verb prefixes, in particular, those with hybrid polysemy, is a phenomenon when the German form and German content acquired a very similar Slavic meaning. As a result, such prefixes retained the features of their German equivalents, while modifying their semantic, morphosyntactic, and word-formation potential. This phenomenon affected some Yiddish verbs under the impact of contacts with adstratum languages and intralinguistic tendencies. The present research featured Yiddish verbs with the ariber- prefix. The analysis revealed that Slavic adstratum semantic characteristics caused the hybridization of the Yiddish system of verb prefixes. As a result, Yiddish prefixed verbs were able to describe and conceptualize situations left out by the German language, but indicated by Slavic languages. To describe the same situation, the same base word in Yiddish could be combined with a larger amount of prefixes than in German and Slavic languages. Thus, synonymous series of prefix verbs in Yiddish occurred as a result of the hybridization of its German-based system with elements borrowed from Semitic and Slavic languages.
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Hill, Nathan W. "The prefix g- and -o- ablaut in Tibetan present verb stems." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 12, no. 2 (May 27, 2020): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-01202001.
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The prevailing internal reconstruction of the Classical Tibetan verbal system accounts for all ablaut phenomena as innovations triggered by erstwhile segmental affixes. The traditional account cannot be correct, because the paradigms of nine verbs show -o- in the present stem without g- and a further three verbs show g- in the present without -o-. 1
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Hemmauer, Roland. "On the Tupi-Guaranian prehistory of the siriono verb." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 2, no. 2 (August 2007): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-81222007000200004.
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This paper shows that the verbal morphosyntax of Siriono, which is synchronically highly divergent from that of other Tupi-Guaranian (TG) languages, can be derived from the reconstructed proto-TG (PTG) system. Arguments will be presented to show that the S A=A series of person markers (e.g. PTG 1sg *a-) has merged with the So=O series (e.g. PTG 1sg *če-) in the 1st and 2nd plural persons in Siriono. In spite of this partial merger of two series of person markers, morphological elements that appeared in PTG between the personal prefix and the stem of transitive verbs have been retained in Siriono with an identical distribution. The partial merger of the S A=A series with the So=O series is explained by a combination of phonological and syntactic motivations. Additional evidence is drawn from Siriono's closely related sister language Yuki. Apart from this, the prefix k- that occurs on third-person forms of 'comitative-causative' verbs in Siriono has retained a trace of the PTG third-person prefix *o- in spite of the emergence of an innovated third-person prefix e-. These facts are taken as evidence of a PTG origin of the Siriono system
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Сухорукова, Юлия Александровна. "FUNCTIONAL SPECIFICITY OF THE VERBS AND VERBAL PREFIXES IN RUSSIAN: CORPUS ANALYSIS (BASED ON MATERIAL OF VERBS WITH PREFIX PRED-)." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(216) (July 6, 2021): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2021-4-37-47.
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Введение. Современная корпусно-ориентированная лингвистика позволяет изучать явления языка, расширяя базу данных, на которой строятся исследования, привлекая для анализа широкие возможности текстовой и метатекстовой разметки корпусов. Цель – на основе данных Национального корпуса русского языка описать функциональное своеобразие русских глагольных префиксов (на материале глаголов с приставкой пред-), «отвечающих» за использование префиксального глагола в текстах определенной сферы функционирования и тематики. Материал и методы. Объектом данного исследования являются префикс пред- с проспективной семантикой «заранее совершить действие» и глаголы с ним, образованные по модели, привнесенной в русский язык из старославянского языка. Исходя из положения, что приставка, обладающая относительной самостоятельностью в структуре глагола по сравнению с суффиксом, способна не только модифицировать значение глагола, но и менять сферу его употребления, предлагается сравнительный анализ функционирования глагола с префиксом пред- и соответствующего ему бесприставочного глагола посредством анализа сферы функционирования и тематики текстов, в которых реализуются указанные единицы. Анализируются вхождения рассматриваемых глаголов в текстах девяти сфер функционирования (художественной, церковно-богословской, учебно-научной и т. д.) и 42 тематик (право, наука и технология, политика и общественная жизнь и т. д.). Результаты и обсуждение. Сделано предположение, что глаголы с приставкой пред- в силу ее старославянского происхождения и в современном русском языке оказываются задействованными в текстах церковно-религиозной сферы, а также в текстах тех сфер употребления, которые коррелируют с «прогнозирующей» функцией проспективных глаголов. Исходя из данного предположения рассматриваются пары единиц предсказать/сказать, предвидеть/видеть, предназначить/назначить, предшествовать/шествовать, предписать/писать; рассчитывается процент их употребления в текстах определенной сферы функционирования и тематики по отношению к количеству текстов в данной сфере и тематике; выявляются наиболее значимые для пред-единиц сферы функционирования (церковно-богословская, учебно-научная, художественная, производственно-техническая) и тематики текстов (философия, филология, астрономия, физика и т. п.), в которых зафиксированы исследуемые единицы. Заключение. Обращение к данным Национального корпуса русского языка позволило выявить изменение по сравнению с бесприставочными единицами сферы употребления глаголов с префиксом пред- (реже тематики текстов). Это позволяет утверждать, что приставка действительно способна влиять на употребление глаголов с ней. Introduction. Modern corpus-oriented linguistics allows us to study the phenomena of language, expanding the database on which research is based, attracting for analysis the wide possibilities of text and metatext markup of corpus. The aim of this work is to describe, based on the data of the Russian National Corpus, the functional peculiarity of Russian verb prefixes (based on the material of verbs with the prefix pred-), which are «responsible» for the use of the prefixal verb in texts of a certain sphere of functioning and subject matter. Material and methods. The object of this study is the prefix pred- with the prospective semantics «to do an action in advance» and verbs with it, formed according to the model introduced into the Russian language from the Old Slavic language. Based on the statement that the prefix, which has a relative independence in the structure of the verb in comparison with the suffix, is able not only to modify the meaning of the verb, but also to change the scope of its use, the article offers a comparative analysis of the functioning of the verb with the prefix pred- and the corresponding non-prepositional verb by analyzing the sphere of use and the subject of texts in which these units are realized. The article analyzes the occurrences of the verbs in the texts of 9 spheres of functioning (artistic, church-theological, educational-scientific, etc.) and 42 subjects (law, science and technology, politics and public life, etc.). Results and discussion. We suggest that verbs with the prefix pred-, due to its Old Slavic origin, are involved in the texts of the church-religious sphere in modern Russian, as well as in the texts of those spheres of use that correlate with the “predictive” function of prospective verbs. Based on this assumption, we consider pairs of units to predict/say, foresee/see, destine/assign, precede/march, prescribe/write; the percentage of their use in texts of a certain sphere of functioning and subject matter is calculated in relation to the number of texts in this sphere and subject matter; we identify the most significant areas of functioning (church-theological, educational-scientific, artistic, industrial-technical) and subjects of texts (philosophy, philology, astronomy, physics, etc.) in which the studied units are realized. Conclusion. The reference to the data of the Russian National Corpus revealed a change in the sphere of use of verbs with the prefix pred- (less often the subject of texts), which allows us to assert that the prefix is really able to influence the use of verbs with it.
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Štubňová, Silvia. "Where Syntax and Semantics Meet: A Typological Investigation of Old Egyptian Causatives." Lingua Aegyptia - Journal of Egyptian Language Studies 27 (2019): 183–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.37011/lingaeg.27.09.
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The earliest stage of the ancient Egyptian language attested in writing, i.e., Old Egyptian, had two productive causative mechanisms that increase the valency of verbs: morphological (mono-clausal) and periphrastic (bi-clausal). The former is characterized by the prefix s-, while the latter employs the lexical causative verb rḏj ‘give’ followed by a complement clause. Despite the fact that both causative strategies have been known to scholars since the inception of the study of the ancient Egyptian language, any systematic or comprehensive study of Egyptian causative verbs is lacking. This paper thus aims to provide a new insight into the Old Egyptian morphological and periphrastic causatives by examining their syntactic as well as semantic properties. The results of this analysis show which types of verbs have a preference for which of the two causative strategies and demonstrate the semantic differences between the morphological and periphrastic causative types. Furthermore, this paper clarifies the peculiar nature of the morphological causatives of transitive verbs, whose valency does not increase. I suggest a possible solution to this issue that lies in the function of the n-prefix in Old Egyptian.
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Jekl, Ágnes. "I prefissi verbali dal latino classico all'italiano: problemi di classificazione su base etimologica Il prefisso ad-." Acta Antiqua Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 59, no. 1-4 (September 25, 2020): 377–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/068.2019.59.1-4.33.
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Summary:I examine verbal prefixation analyzing the functional changes of the Latin ad- prefix from Classical Latin to Italian. In order to conduct the research properly I needed to separate the verbs in ety- mological groups directly derived from Latin (Classical, Vulgar or Late Latin) from the verbs created in the Romance period and the Latin loan verbs. The different origin of the verbs influences our expectation regarding the analyzability of a given verb (the recognisability of the prefix as an independent element and its semantic value - which can be different from that of its Latin origin). This division is not as clear cut as it seems to be, because, in the case of the Italian, phonetic evidence in favour of one group or another is often missing. I present the possible solutions I found for the grouping problems using semantic evidence, comparison with the other Romance languages, dating of the given verb, etc. Furthermore, I highlight the general and specific factors which determine the assignment of a certain verb to a certain group in order to obtain a precise but still flexible set of verbal categories.
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Kilpatrick, Eileen, and Leoma Gilley. "The importance of word order in explaining tone patterns in Avokaya verbs." Studies in African Linguistics 33, no. 2 (June 15, 2004): 235–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/sal.v33i2.107336.
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This paper presents a set of ordered rules accounting for tone changes that occur in Avokaya verbs. The most prevalent shape for Avokaya verbs is monosyllabic. Disyllabic verbs roots behave the same way as disyllabic verbs which are composed of a derivational prefix plus a monosyllabic verb root. The derivational prefixation process is the same for verbs in all grammatical constructions. Verbs in SVO constructions and SOV constructions are treated separately, since different rules apply for these two sets of constructions. Avokaya syllables may carry a high, mid, low or rising tone, but not a falling tone. In this analysis of Avokaya, we show that the expected HL tone pattern has merged to form a M tone in the verbal system.
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Nesset, Tore, Laura A. Janda, Julia Kuznetsova, Olga Lyashevskaya, Anastasia Makarova, and Svetlana Sokolova. "Why послушать, but услышать?" Poljarnyj vestnik 11 (January 1, 2008): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1300.
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This article provides a preliminary analysis of aspectual prefixation of Russian perception verbs. It is argued that the choice of prefix is not arbitrary, but depends on the meaning of the verb stem.
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Fatinah, S.Pd., M.Pd., Siti. "AFIKS VERBA DALAM BAHASA SALUAN." Multilingual 18, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26499/multilingual.v18i1.109.
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Affix verbs in the Saluan language can be added to basic word or basic form in the form of verbs, nouns, adjectives, and numerals. The affix has various forms and functions. This study examines the forms and function of verb affixes in the Saluan language. Related with that, this paper aims to describe the forms and function of verb affixes in the Saluan language. The data of this study were obtained using the litterary method. The data is processed using the intralingual equivalent method through a change technique. The results of this study indicate that there are five verb affixes in the Saluan language, namely prefix, suffix, confix, infix, and combinations of affixes. There are nine verb prefixes, namely moN-, pino-, i-, o-, ba-, po-, ko-, maha-, and mompo-. The moN prefix has four allomorphs, namely mom-, mong-, mo-, and mon-. There are two verb suffixes, namely -onon and-kon. There are four verb confixes, namely kino-an, kina-mo, kina-anmo, and maha-an. The verb infix is only one, namely -in-. Different case with a combination of affixes. The combination of verb affixes is nine, namely moN-akon, moN-kon, moN-i, i-akon, i-kon, pino-akon, pinokon, i-i, -in-an, -in-akon, and iin-kon. There are five functions of the affix form, namely changing the word category in its basic form, forming bitransitive verbs, forming transitive verbs, reciprocal verbs, and forming passive verbs.
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Tolstaya, Svetlana. "Proto-Slavic verbs with the prefix *ob-/o-: morphophonology, derivation, semantics." Slavic and Balkan Linguistics, no. 3 (2019): 333–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2658-3372.2019.3.10.
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The article examines Proto-Slavic verbs with the prefix *ob-/o-, which was reconstructed in the Etymological dictionary of the Slavic languages (issue 26– 31). The author comes to the conclusion that the original morphophonological principle of the prefix distribution (ob- before root vowels and sonorants, obefore obstruents) had already been defied in the Late Proto-Slavic language under the influence of two main factors: derivational and semantic ones. Words formed from nouns retained the original distribution more consistently than those derived form verbs. The deviation from the rule in the latter (in particular, the appearance of the allomorph ob- before obstruents) is associated with certain semantic types (the semantics of circular motion, whole coverage, distribution and others), which started taking the variant ob- in contrast to the variant oassociated with other semantic types.
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Singh, Rajdeep. "Albanian World-View: Co-Locativity as the Schematic Meaning of Albanian Verbal Prefix Bashke-." English Linguistics Research 7, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v7n4p28.
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The traditional approach to verb prefixes is to consider them as bound morphemes without a real emphasis and analysis of their cognitive meaning. In this paper we use the concept schematic meaning which gathers verbs with different meaning while they share the same prefix. In our case, the Albanian bashke-prefix was chosen and its allomorph bashka-. In order to appreciate the schematic meaning concept and its application in the Albanian case, we considered the schematic meaning as the super-schema of bashke-prefix (co-prefix). This super-schema characterizes the metaphorical reading of the same prefix with different meaning which plays an important role in the semantics of abstract notions. This cognitive model helps to build a rather clear image of how the trajector and landmark inter-act as the basic units of spatial relations; the schematic brings about diverse meaning in a strict spatial frame-work.
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Singh, Rajdeep. "Albanian World-View: Co-Locativity as the Schematic Meaning of Albanian Verbal Prefix Bashke-." English Linguistics Research 7, no. 4 (December 20, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/elr.v7n4p36.
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The traditional approach to verb prefixes is to consider them as bound morphemes without a real emphasis and analysis of their cognitive meaning. In this paper we use the concept schematic meaning which gathers verbs with different meaning while they share the same prefix. In our case, the Albanian bashke-prefix was chosen and its allomorph bashka-. In order to appreciate the schematic meaning concept and its application in the Albanian case, we considered the schematic meaning as the super-schema of bashke-prefix (co-prefix). This super-schema characterizes the metaphorical reading of the same prefix with different meaning which plays an important role in the semantics of abstract notions. This cognitive model helps to build a rather clear image of how the trajector and landmark inter-act as the basic units of spatial relations; the schematic brings about diverse meaning in a strict spatial frame-work.
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Pozolotina, Tatiana. "Are prefixes always or never “empty”?" Poljarnyj vestnik 13 (January 1, 2010): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1265.
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This article investigates the prefix vy- in so-called natural perfectives. On the basis of syntactic constructions where vy-verbs occur, it is argued that that even in natural perfectives vy- is not semantically empty.
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Derkevych, N. A. "SEMANTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF VERBS WITH A NON-SEPARABLE PREFIX VER-." Scientific notes of Taurida National V.I. Vernadsky University, series Philology. Social Communications 2, no. 2 (2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32838/2663-6069/2020.2-2/15.
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Вострова, Юлия Александровна, and Юлия Вадимовна Филь. "THE CORPUS RESEARCH OF THE RUSSIAN VERBAL PREFIXES (BASED ON THE VERBS WITH PREFIX PRED-)." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(210) (July 27, 2020): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2020-4-126-135.
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Введение. Представлено исследование функционально-семантического своеобразия русских глагольных префиксов на примере приставки ПРЕД- и глагола предвидеть. Материал и методы. Анализ смыслового содержания префикса ПРЕД- основан на данных лексикографических источников, описание его функционального своеобразия выполнено на материале Национального корпуса русского языка. Исследование построено на положениях, разработанных в рамках грамматических и дериватологических исследований русского глагола. В качестве основных теоретических установок приняты следующие: основная функция русских глагольных приставок – словообразовательная, приставка призвана модифицировать значение исходного глагола; в отличие от суффикса, приставка характеризуется большей структурной и смысловой автономностью, имеет способность выступать в качестве своеобразного стилистического маркера глагольной единицы. Результаты и обсуждение. Исходя из принятых установок исследования, высказана мысль о том, что некоторые из русских префиксов способны «программировать» глагольную единицу на ее использование в определенной речевой практике, так как значение префикса (и значение глаголов с данным префиксом в целом) отвечает коммуникативным интенциям данной дискурсивной практики. На основе проведенного анализа значений русских глагольных приставок выделены приставки с указанной способностью, ярким представителем которых является префикс ПРЕД- в проспективном значении – «заранее совершить (или совершать) действие». Охарактеризованы значения приставки в старославянском и современном русском языках, рассмотрен словообразовательный тип глаголов с ПРЕД-, частотность их употребления. С учетом старославянского происхождения исследуемого префикса и общей закрепленностью некоторых глаголов с ПРЕД- за религиозным дискурсом сформулирована рабочая гипотеза о том, что глаголы с ПРЕД- реализуются в церковно-богословской сфере функционирования, а также в других функциональных сферах, для которых характерно использование в соответствии с тематикой текстов единиц с проспективной семантикой. Анализ контекстов с глаголом предвидеть (на фоне контекстов с видеть) частично подтвердил выдвинутую гипотезу, продемонстрировав преимущественное использование приставочного глагола в текстах учебно-научной, художественной и публицистической функциональных сфер с тематикой «Политика и общественная жизнь», «Наука и технология», «Искусство и культура» и незначительный процент реализации глагола в церковно-богословской сфере. Заключение. Обращение к данным Национального корпуса русского языка позволило выявить спектр дискурсивных реализаций глагола с приставкой ПРЕД- на современном этапе; подтвердило наличие определенной корреляции между значением префикса и функциональной сферой и тематикой текста, в котором реализуется приставочный глагол; продемонстрировало необходимость дальнейшего изучения функциональных особенностей русских глагольных префиксов на материале корпусных данных. Introduction. The article presents a study of functional-semantic peculiarities of Russian verbal prefixes on the example of the prefix PRED- and the verb predvidet (to foresee). Material and methods. Analysis of the semantic meaning of the prefix PRED- is based on the data of lexicographic sources, the description of its functional distinctiveness is made on the material of the Russian National Corpus. The Study is made on the basic principles of the grammatical and derivatological research of the Russian verb. The main theoretical points of this article are: the main function of Russian verb prefixes is word-forming, prefix is to modify the meaning of the initial verb; in contrast to the suffix the prefix is characterized by greater structural and semantic autonomy, and has the capacity to act as a kind of stylistic marker of the of the verb unit. Results and discussion. Based on the accepted objectives of the study, it was suggested that some of the Russian prefixes are able to “program” a verb unit to use it in a particular speech practice, since the meaning of the prefix (and the meaning of verbs with this prefix as a whole) corresponds to the communicative intentions of this discursive practice. Based on the analysis of the meanings of Russian verbal prefixes, prefixes with the indicated ability are highlighted, the bright representative of which is the prefix PRED in the prospective meaning – “to perform (or perform) an action in advance”. The meanings which had this prefix in Old Slavic and has them in modern Russian are characterized, word-forming type of verbs with PRED- and frequency of their use are also considered. Taking into account the Old Slavonic origin of the studied prefix and the general fixation of some verbs with the PRE for religious discourse, a working hypothesis is formulated that the verbs with PRE-implemented in the churchtheological sphere of functioning, as well as in other functional areas, which are characterized by the use in accordance with subjects of texts of units with prospective semantics. An analysis of the contexts with the verb predvidet’ (to foresee) (against the background of contexts with videt’ (to see) partially confirmed the hypothesis put forward, demonstrating the predominant use of the prefix verb in the texts of educational, scientific, artistic and journalistic functional areas with the themes “Politics and Public Life”, “Science and Technology”, “Art and Culture” and a small percentage of the implementation of the verb in the church-theological sphere. Conclusion. Due to the data from the Russian National Corpus we could identify a range of discursive implementations of the verb with the prefix PRED- at the present stage, confirm the presence of a certain correlations between the prefix meaning, the functional sphere and subject of the text in which the prefix verb is implemented. Also it helps as to demonstrate the necessity for further study of the functional features of Russian verbal prefixes on the material of the corpus data.
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Yarmak, V. "ADDITIONAL MEANS OF ENHANCING THE EXPRESSIVENESS OF PRETERIT VERB FORMS IN THE SERBIAN LITERARY DISCOURSE." Comparative studies of Slavic languages and literatures. In memory of Academician Leonid Bulakhovsky, no. 35 (2019): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2075-437x.2019.35.16.
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The article deals with an outstanding role of secondary means of enhancing the stylistic expressiveness of preterit verb forms in the Serbian literary discourse on a large diachronic cut, which, along with explicit means, enrich their figurative potential. Such factors include the negative particle не; the negative amplifying particle ни; the particles ено, ето, год, ала; the conjunction junction и; the adverb баш; the preterit forms based on verbs with prefixes or polyprefixed verbs etc. Not only semantic and formal peculiarities of tense verb forms, but also their morphologic and word-formative features come into notice in this respect. In the first instance, negative particles and conjunctions as parts of reiterations act as expressive additional means of preterit semantics enhancing. B. Stancović and V. Ognjenović, R. Petrović often resort to this method’s use. Satirical works by E. Kosh abound with use of the intensifying negative particle «ни» and the conjunction «и» in masterfully built sentences with inverted word order. Various particles decorate not only prose and drama (S. Ranković, B. Nušić), but are also found in the discourse of literary criticism (L. Nedić). The Serbian literary works discourse of different historical periods witness that in general additional means of figurative expressiveness do not double but considerably complete, enrich and harmonize various semantic and expressive range plans of explicit means of past tense grammatical designation. The second prefix’s semantics is particularly interesting in this regard. The research illustrates, in particular, that the second prefix’s role does not come down just to perfectivization of imperfective verbs with prefix. The prefix, which is added to a verb that is already prefixed, modifies its meaning without changing the main verb’s meaning. However, sometimes, like the first prefix, the second prefix has both grammatical and lexical function.
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Zinova, Yulia, and Hana Filip. "Meaning components in the constitution of Russian verbs: Presuppositions or implicatures?" Semantics and Linguistic Theory 24 (April 5, 2015): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v24i0.2408.
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In this paper we discuss the inferences triggered by perfective accomplishments and two verbal prefixes (the completive prefix <em>do-</em> and the iterative prefix <em>pere-</em>) in Russian. Contrary to most works that attempt to analyze those inferences as presuppositions, we show that there is no ground for such a claim and argue that the inferences discussed here are better analyzed in terms of entailments and scalar implicatures. We use standard tests from the previous research on semantic and pragmatic presupposition. For those cases where the standard tests prove to be insufficient, the empirical data from the questionnaire we conducted is provided. The methodology used to construct the questionnaire is based on the results of an empirical study by Chemla (2009).
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Sadchenko, V. T. "Verbs with the Prefix za- in Russian dialects of the Amur Region." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2021-2-95-106.
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The article deals with verb derivatives with the prefix za- on the dialectal material that is poorly studied in this aspect — the Russian dialects of the Amur region. The derivational and grammatical meanings of the derived verbs with this formant are characterized in comparison with their literary counterparts. The peculiarities of semantics are revealed and a typology of dialectisms with this prefix is proposed. It is concluded that word formation in this group of dialects is a peculiar form of manifestation of specific and general Russian word-formation tendencies. The relevance and novelty of the work is due to both the general unresolved problem of describing the meanings of Russian verb prefixes, and insufficient knowledge of the specifics of verbal word formation in dialects. In addition, the study of this group of dialects in the derivational aspect is necessary for the construction of a typology of dialects of the Far East and the preparation of a monographic description of them. Turning to the study of prefix verb dialect lexicon can contribute to the introduction of new interesting facts into scientific circulation. Turning to dialects of secondary education, which are under the strongest influence of the literary language, can help to reveal the dynamics of transformations of prefixed meanings.
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Gitananda, W. A. Sindhu. "VERBA NASALISASI N- (ATAU NG-?) DALAM BAHASA BALI." Dharmasmrti: Jurnal Ilmu Agama dan Kebudayaan 17, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.32795/ds.v16i01.67.
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The Balinese has uniqueness concerning its verbs, especially those undergone the process of nasal- ization (using prefix N- (Ng-)). By this phenomenon, it is really interesting to analyze the variation of the nasalized verbs morphophonemically and their syntactic function in the Balinese sentences. Re- garding these concerns, the descriptive-qualitative method was applied. Therefore, it can be concluded that the nasalized verbs with N- (Ng-) are varied morphophonemically (having complementary distri- bution) through the allomorphs as /n-/, /m-/, /ng-/, and /ny-/. The distributions depend on the initi- ating phoneme of the stems that undergo the process of affixation. Then, the function of the nasalized verbs with N- (or Ng-) is as the nucleus of the cores or predicates to form active sentences that have maximally two arguments.
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Sólyom, Réka. "Semantic Features of Hungarian Neologisms With the Prefix Be: Analysis of Some Frequently Used Verbs (e.g., bevállal)." Hungarian Cultural Studies 7 (January 9, 2015): 358–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ahea.2014.148.
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The present paper deals with the semantic features of three Hungarian neologisms (becéloz, betámad, bevállal), and analyzes their semantic structures with the help of the Conceptual Integration Theory (Blending Theory). The words analyzed are verbs that have been used with the prefix be in recent years, although they are well-established with other prefix(es). As be is one of the oldest Hungarian prefixes, it has likely gained new function(s) in these cases. To substantiate this claim, data was gathered from two questionnaires (in 2010 and in 2014), and informants’ answers concerning meaning and style were analyzed. These data can help the survey in other fields too: firstly, they can help model the processes of understanding (or misunderstanding) of these neologisms, secondly, they can help model the semantic structures of the verbs within the framework of Blending Theory. Thirdly, these data can help indicate language use at a given point in time, from a synchronic viewpoint.