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Books on the topic 'Verbs of wish'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Argento, Dominick. Te Deum: (Verba Domini cum verbis populi) : for chorus and orchestra. [New York, N.Y.]: Boosey & Hawkes, 1991.

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2

Merino, José. English modal verbs with exercises =: Los verbos defectivos ingleses y sus ejercicios. 6th ed. Madrid: Anglo Didáctica, 2001.

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3

Moore, Dennis. Getting on with phrasal verbs. Oxford: Blackwell, 1985.

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4

Joan, Ashkenas, and Goldberg Richard A. ill, eds. Off-the-wall skits with phrasal verbs. Studio City, Calif: JAG Publications, 2003.

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5

Andor, Csaba. Madách Imre és Veres Pálné. Vanyarc: Vanyarci Önkormányzat, 1998.

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6

Ogura, Michiko. Verbs with the reflexive pronoun and constructions with self in old and early Middle English: English language -- Middle English, 1100-1500 -- Verb. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1989.

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7

Shay, Scott. Middle High German verbs: An in-depth look at Middle High German verbs, with tables of the most common verbs, fully conjugated. [Arlington, VA]: Wardja Press, 2006.

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8

101 English verbs with audio: With 101 videos for your iPod. Chicago, IL: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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9

Védrine, Emmanuel W. Dictionary of Haitian Creole verbs: With phrases and idioms. Cambridge, MA: Soup To Nuts Publishers, 1992.

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10

Machido, K. Hindu-Japanese dictionary of selected verbs: With selected sentences. Tokyo: Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, 1997.

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11

101 French verbs: With 101 videos for your iPod. Chicago, Ill: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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12

Ryder, Rory. 101 French verbs: With 101 videos for your iPod. Chicago, Ill: McGraw-Hill, 2010.

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13

Flower, John. Phrasal verb organiser with mini-dictionary. Edited by Hill Jimmie. Boston, Mass: Thomson Heinle, 2002.

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14

Verbs of motion with directional prepositions and prefixes in Xenophon's Anabasis. Lund: Centre for Languages and Literature, Lund University, 2011.

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15

A dictionary of common Persian & English verbs with Persian synonyms & examples. Bethesda, MD: Ibex Publishers, 2005.

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16

Vajda, Edward J. Polysynthesis in Ket. Edited by Michael Fortescue, Marianne Mithun, and Nicholas Evans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199683208.013.49.

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The Ket language isolate of Central Siberia differs morphologically from the surrounding languages in having a strongly prefixing polysynthetic verb. Grammatical markers are interdigitated between lexical morphemes, creating a discontinuous stem based on a template of eight prefixal positions, a base position and a single suffix position expressing plural agreement with animate-class subjects. Finite verb forms distinguish past from non-past indicative, as well as an imperative form. Verbs are strictly transitive or intransitive and express person, number, and noun class agreement with the subject and direct object. Although the language has accusative alignment, with subjects marked differently than objects, much of the verb’s linear complexity derives from lexically conditioned agreement strategies. There are three productive transitive configurations of agreement markers, and five productive intransitive configurations. Noun incorporation is productive for only a small number of stems. Some Ket verbs incorporate their object, others their instrument, and others their unaccusative subject.
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17

Mihas, Elena. Imperatives in Ashaninka Satipo (Kampa Arawak) of Peru. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803225.003.0004.

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This chapter’s goal is to survey Ashaninka Satipo (Arawak) commanding communicative moves. It argues that imperatives form a paradigm consisting of the first person cohortative construction with the discourse particle tsame ‘come on’, second person canonical imperative construction characterized by a special intonation, and the third person jussive construction formed either with the intentional =ta on the lexical verb or on the copula kant ‘be this way’. In positive commands, the verbs are inflected for irrealis. The canonical imperative has a negative counterpart, whereas the cohortative and jussive verb forms lack them. While commanding, conversationalists tend to select specific linguistic resources which reflect their group membership status. Social equals have recourse to the same linguistic means as conversationalists in superior roles, but they also use the ‘want’ and ‘wish’ constructions and counter-assertive pronouns. The basic second person imperative forms are employed irrespective of the social status.
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18

Hall, Eugene. Building English Sentences With Verbs and Verb Phrases. Natl Textbook Co, 1986.

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19

Glanville, Peter John. Reflexive marking. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 examines the semantics of Arabic reflexive verbs formed in pattern VII, which produces anticausative verbs, and pattern VIII, associated with the middle voice. It argues that these patterns result from the conversion of full reflexive pronouns into reflexive affixes, and considers the difference between them in the framework of an agency continuum. It then offers an analysis of reflexive verbs that do not participate in a verb alternation. The chapter argues that once a reflexive verb pattern comes about due to affixation, it becomes a morpheme paired with a reflexive semantic structure, and is then no longer restricted to producing verbs that alternate with an unmarked base verb. The chapter shows that verbs marked with this morpheme may be derived from a variety of base nouns and adjectives, or may not be derived at all, but simply marked because they construe a reflexive action.
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20

Glanville, Peter John. Repetition. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 is an analysis of Arabic verb patterns characterized by reduplication. It argues that the repetition of phonological material in a given verb is symbolic of repeated action in the event that the verb describes. The chapter examines verbs marked by gemination of the second root consonant, itself a type of reduplication, and verbs marked by identity of the first and second consonants. It considers the role of sound symbolism in accounting for the difference between these two verb patterns, and discusses the extent to which the notion of a biconsonantal etymon and the idea of a phonestheme are useful in establishing the origins of certain verbs and their derivational relationship to other verbs containing the same two consonants. The chapter concludes with an account of the shifting semantic function of these patterns over time.
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21

Strutz, Henry. 501 German Verbs with CD-ROM (501 Verb Series). 4th ed. Barron's Educational Series, 2007.

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22

Kageyama, Taro, Peter E. Hook, and Prashant Pardeshi, eds. Verb-Verb Complexes in Asian Languages. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759508.001.0001.

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This volume presents a detailed survey of the systems of verb-verb complexes in Asian languages from both a synchronic and a diachronic perspective. Many Asian languages share, to a greater or lesser extent, a unique class of compound verbs each consisting of a main verb and a quasi-auxiliary verb known as a ‘vector’ or ‘explicator’. These quasi-auxiliary verbs exhibit unique grammatical behavior that suggests that they have an intermediate status between full lexical verbs and wholly reduced auxiliaries. They are also semantically unique, in that when they are combined with main verbs, they can convey a rich variety of functional meanings beyond the traditional notions of tense, aspect, and modality, such as manner and intensity of action, benefaction for speaker or hearer, and polite or derogatory styles in speech. In this book, leading specialists in a range of Asian languages offer an in-depth analysis of the longstanding questions relating to the diachrony and geographical distribution of verb-verb complexes. The findings have implications for the general understanding of the grammaticalization of verb categories, complex predicate formation, aktionsart and event semantics, the morphology-syntax-semantics interface, areal linguistics, and typology.
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23

Beavers, John, and Andrew Koontz-Garboden. The Roots of Verbal Meaning. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855781.001.0001.

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This book explores possible and impossible word meanings, with a specific focus on the meanings of verbs. It adopts the now common view that verb meanings consist at least partly of an event structure, made up of an event template describing the verb’s broad temporal and causal contours that occurs across lots of verbs and groups them into semantic and grammatical classes, plus an idiosyncratic root describing specific, real world states and actions that distinguish verbs with the same template. While much work has focused on templates, less work has addressed the truth conditional contributions of roots, despite the importance of a theory of root meaning in fully defining the predictions event structural approaches make. This book addresses this lacuna, exploring two previously proposed constraints on root meaning: The Bifurcation Thesis of Roots, whereby roots never introduce the meanings introduced by templates, and Manner/Result Complementarity, which has as a component that roots can describe either a manner or a result state but never both at the same time. Two extended case studies, on change-of-state verbs and ditransitive verbs of caused possession, show that neither hypothesis holds, and that ultimately there may be no constraints on what a root can mean. Nonetheless, the book argues that event structures still have predictive value, and it presents a new theory of possible root meanings and how they interact with event templates that produces a new typology of possible verbs, albeit one where not just templates but also roots determine systematic semantic and grammatical properties.
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24

Jäger, Agnes. On the history of the IPP construction in German. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813545.003.0016.

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The chapter discusses the development and syntactic analysis of IPP (infinitivus pro participio), i.e. certain perfect tense constructions in which a verb embedding an infinitive appears in the form of an infinitive itself rather than in the expected form of a past participle. This effect is indicative of verb cluster formation and typically linked to a re-ordering of verbs at the right clausal periphery. It can be observed since the MHG period spreading to more verbs over time in accordance with the typological hierarchy of IPP verbs. IPP is argued to involve true infinitives from the beginning rather than originating in homophonous ge-less participles. Recent analyses of IPP as one repair strategy among others are supported by historical and dialectal data as several types of competing constructions are evidenced. These data further show that IPP is not inherently linked to the specific word order of verbs found in MSG.
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25

Mattes, Larry. Operating With Verbs. Academic Communications Assoc, 2000.

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26

Viau, Joshua, and Ann Bunger. Argument Structure. Edited by Jeffrey L. Lidz, William Snyder, and Joe Pater. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199601264.013.9.

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Children acquiring any language must develop an understanding both of how event components are encoded in verb meanings and of the argument structure of those verbs, that is, how the participants of the event that each verb describes map onto linguistic arguments. This chapter begins with an overview of the major issues in the study of argument structure, including a consideration of the balance of power between verbs and constructions as it pertains to the encoding of thematic relations and a comparison of theoretical approaches with an eye toward learnability. The core of the chapter consists of a comprehensive synthesis of the current state of developmental research on argument structure.
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27

Huber, Judith. General conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657802.003.0010.

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Chapter 10 offers a general conclusion of the findings of the book: Old and Middle English are strongly satellite-framing languages, whose intransitive motion construction can also accommodate verbs which inherently do not evoke a meaning of motion. The size of the manner verb lexicon in medieval English, as well as the use of manner verbs in the texts analysed, point to a similar degree of manner salience as in Present-Day English. The path verbs from French and Latin are shown to be borrowed initially not for expressing general literal motion events, but mostly in abstract or manner-enriched uses more peripheral to their meaning in the donor languages. The study also points out effects of the intertypological contact situation with Middle English on motion verb use in Anglo-Norman. Potential further effects yet to be investigated are suggested in this chapter.
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28

Huber, Judith. Latin and medieval French in the motion verb typology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657802.003.0007.

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Since Latin and medieval French are the contact languages from which the path verbs analysed in chapter 9 are borrowed, this chapter summarizes earlier research on Latin and medieval French in the motion verb typology and offers a case study on motion expression in the prose parts of the Old French Aucassin et Nicolette. It is shown that while medieval French can be called satellite-framing with respect to the structures used to talk about motion, which typically feature satellites (though less often in the form of adverbs than in medieval English), the use of path verbs is considerably higher than of manner verbs, and manner verbs are less frequently combined with satellites than are other motion verbs. This is related to narrative styles typical of medieval French romances and epics.
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29

Arakawa, Kiyohide, and Masaharu Mizumoto. Multiple Chinese Verbs Equivalent to the English Verb “Know”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865085.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the basic grammatical and semantic features of knowledge verbs in Chinese—renshi, zhidao, and liaojie—and compares them with their counterparts in English and Japanese. The comparison is mainly based on lexical aspects like being stative or nonstative, whether they express in their basic forms a state, or an event, and so on. The authors then examine whether these verbs allow uses in orders, combine with some auxiliary verbs like the counterparts of “decide to,” “want to,” and the like (which suggest the possibility or the degree of voluntary control). Finally, they propose a possible “order of activity implication” among zhidao, “know,” and two Japanese knowledge verbs.
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30

Huber, Judith. Problems with historical data. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657802.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 discusses the challenges presented by the historical data used in the study and how they are dealt with in the book: (a) the evidence, particularly for Old English, is limited and does not represent the genres and registers normally used in motion-encoding typology studies; (b) establishing the decontextualized meaning of verbs from earlier stages of a language can be problematic, including in view of the highly detailed entries in period dictionaries, which aim at listing all the contextualized meanings of a verb. Exemplary analyses illustrate how this problem is approached in the present study in comparison to previous works.
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31

Skow, Bradford. Causation, Explanation, and the Metaphysics of Aspect. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826965.001.0001.

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This book aims to answer the following questions: what is the difference between a cause and a background condition? What is it to manifest a disposition? Can dispositions be extrinsic? What is the most basic kind of causation? And, what might a structural explanation be? Each chapter takes up a subset of these questions; the chapters are written to be readable independently. The answers defended rely on three ideas. Two of those ideas use a distinction from the study of lexical aspect, namely the distinction between stative verbs and non-stative verbs. The first idea is that events go with non-stative verbs, in the sense that “If S, then an event occurred in virtue of the fact that S” is true when the main verb in the clause going in for “S” is non-stative. The second is that acting, doing something, goes with non-stative verbs, in the sense that “In Ving X did something” is true iff V is a non-stative verb. The third idea is about levels of explanation: “(A because B) because C” does not entail “A because C.”
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32

Schifano, Norma. Other Romance varieties. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804642.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 extends the investigation of verb placement to other Romance varieties, in order to expand the macro- and micro-typologies identified in Chapter 2. It starts with a description of the placement of the present indicative verb across a selection of varieties of French, Romanian, Spanish, Catalan, European Portuguese, and Brazilian Portuguese. Following the methodology of Chapter 2, the remainder of the discussion is devoted to the description of cases of microvariation attested across the varieties above, which emerge once a selection of structural and interpretative distinctions are considered, such as lexical and auxiliary verbs, ‘have’ and ‘be’ auxiliaries, finite and non-finite verbs (cf. participle and infinitive), as well as a selection of modally, temporally, and aspectually marked forms (e.g. subjunctive, conditional, past, future, imperfect).
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33

(Illustrator), Sue Heap, ed. Help with Phrasal Verbs. Macmillan Education Ltd, 1992.

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34

Goodey, Noel, and David Bolton. Trouble with Verbs? (Copycats). First Person Publishing, 1999.

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35

Miller, D. Gary. The Oxford Gothic Grammar. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813590.001.0001.

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This reference grammar of Gothic includes much history along with a description of Gothic grammar. Apart from runic inscriptions, Gothic is the earliest attested language of the Germanic family in Indo-European. Specifically, it is East Germanic. Most of the extant Gothic corpus is a 4th-century translation of the Bible, traditionally ascribed to Wulfila. This translation is historically important because it antedates Jerome’s Latin Vulgate. Gothic inflectional categories include nouns, adjectives, and verbs. Nouns are inflected for three genders, two numbers, and four cases. Adjectives also have weak and strong forms, as do verbs. Verbs are inflected for three persons and numbers, indicative and nonindicative mood (here called optative), past and nonpast tense, and voice. The mediopassive survives as a synthetic passive and syntactically in innovated periphrastic formations. Middle and anticausative functions were taken over by simple reflexive structures. Nonfinite are the infinitive, the imperative, and two participles. Gothic was a null subject language. Aspect was effected primarily by prefixes, relativization by relative pronouns built on demonstratives plus a complementizer. Complementizers were the norm with subordinated verbs in the indicative or optative. Switch to the optative was triggered by irrealis (the unreal), matrix verbs that do not permit a full range of subordinate tenses (e.g. hopes, wishes), potentiality, and alternate worlds. Many of these are also relevant to matrix clauses (independent optatives). Essentials of linearization include prepositional phrases, default postposed genitives and possessive adjectives, and preposed demonstratives. Verb-object order predominates, but there is considerable variation. Verb-auxiliary order is native Gothic.
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36

208 Irregular Verbs to Color and Remember: With 8 Easy-To-Learn Verb Lists. Independently Published, 2020.

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37

Anghelescu, Andrei, Joash J. Gambarage, Zoe Wai-Man Lam, and Douglas Pulleyblank. Nominal and Verbal Tone in Nata. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190256340.003.0005.

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This chapter examines core tonal properties of Nata, a Lacustrine Bantu language (Guthrie E-45) spoken in the Mara region of Tanzania. In most instances, both in nouns and verbs, a Nata word exhibits a single high tone, which is restricted to a small number of locations. Though Nata’s tone system might appear simple, close examination of nouns and verbs uncovers considerable complexity in the system. Nouns exhibit lexically encoded distinctions; verb roots exhibit no lexical distinctions, but inflected verbs differ tonally depending on tense/aspect/mood. The sparse distribution of high tones follows from simple edge effects whereby tones are located relative to well-motivated morphosyntactic boundaries. The analysis, framed in a lexical allomorphy approach, crucially depends on correct identification of the macrostem, with a novel aspect being the extension of the macrostem to nouns. This extension is adopted on the grounds that nouns and verbs share similar surface patterns, captured by reference to a common domain.
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38

Schifano, Norma. Microvariation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804642.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 investigates Spanish and Romanian marked orderings of verbs and adverbs, as well as the microvariation in verb placement emerging from the investigation of variously TAM-specified lexical vs functional and finite vs non-finite forms. First, the pragmatically marked orders of Romanian and Spanish present indicative verbs are considered. Second, the placements of the perfective auxiliary ‘have’ and of the active past participle are analysed and it is shown that the attested variation can be subsumed under the same licensing principle responsible for default movement. Subsequently, a unified analysis is provided to account for the high placement of infinitives and subjunctives. The chapter ends with the cases of Romanian and French, which seem to escape the proposed analyses, followed by a discussion about the role played by Tense and Aspect in verb movement and the residual patterns of microvariation exhibited by Brazilian Portuguese.
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39

Glanville, Peter John. Ground form verb patterns. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.003.0003.

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Chapter 3 considers the semantics of the three variants of Arabic ground form verb, distinguished by the quality of their second vowel, termed the theme vowel, in the perfective. The chapter illustrates that the theme vowel indicates the semantic role assigned to the subject of the verb. It relies on the notion of prototypical transitivity that encompasses an agent and a patient, expanding this to cover other related types of prototypical participant order. It argues that one ground form variant consists of verbs whose subject serves an initiator-type semantic role, a second variant is comprised of verbs with subjects assigned an endpoint role, and the third variant simply construes an entity in a state. The conclusion notes that in some cases all three variants containing the same consonantal root are attested, and considers the implications of this for a possible direction of derivation.
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40

Ringe, Don. The development of Proto-Germanic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792581.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses the reconstructable linguistic changes that occurred in the development from Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic. The first half of the chapter discusses regular sound changes, especially prominent changes including the elimination of laryngeals, Grimm’s Law, Verner’s Law, the remodelling of Sievers’ Law, the loss of intervocalic *j, and several changes of vowels. The second half discusses morphological changes. A long initial section deals with the wholesale morphological restructuring of the verb system, concentrating on preterite-present verbs, strong and weak past tense stems, and participles. Subsequent sections discuss less sweeping changes in the inflection of verbs and nominals.
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41

Group, Anglo-didactica Linguistics. Verbos Ingleses Combinados Con Particulas/ Phrasal Verbs in Use With Supplementary Exercises (Grammar & Reference Practice). 4th ed. Anglo-Didacto, 2002.

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42

Group, Anglo-didactica Linguistics. Los Verbos Irregulares Ingleses Y Sus Ejercicios/ English Irregular Verbs With Exercises (Grammar & Reference Practice). 9th ed. Anglo-Didacto, 2006.

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43

Chappell, Hilary, and Alain Peyraube. Modality and Mood in Sinitic. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.14.

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After defining auxiliary verbs as a grammatical category in Sinitic languages, this chapter sets out to analyze the notion of modality as expressed primarily by the Chinese modal verbs. Beginning with a brief sketch of their diachronic evolution, we proceed to treat this category in each of three major Sinitic languages, namely, Standard Mandarin, Hong Kong Cantonese, and Taiwanese Southern Min (Hokkien). It is shown that the main modal verbs possess different sets of polysemy in each of the three languages. Potential verb compounds are also considered, as well as clause-final modal particles coding speaker stance, both being characteristic of East and Southeast Asian languages in general. Although Sinitic languages do not mark mood inflectionally, an important discussion regarding this category is dedicated to sentence types and the role of negation, intimately connected with the expression of the irrealis, the interrogative and the imperative in Sinitic languages.
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44

Get Ahead with Phrasal Verbs. Prentice-Hall, 1998.

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45

Moore, D. Getting on with Phrasal Verbs. Addison Wesley Longman ELT Division (a Pearson Education company), 1989.

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46

Brogaard, Berit. The Semantics of ‘Appear’ Words. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190495251.003.0002.

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In this initial chapter, the author establishes her framework for discussion of perceptual verbs like ‘look’, ‘see’, ‘seem’. Perceptual reports are particular speech acts made by utterances of sentences that contain a perceptual verb. More specifically, they are assertions made by utterances of these sentences. Perceptual reports assert how objects in the world and their perceptible property instances are perceived by subjects. A subset of these reports purport to assert how objects in the world and their visually perceptible property instances are visually perceived by subjects. This chapter is primarily concerned with the semantics of ‘seem’ and ‘look’, which—it is argued—subject-raising verbs. Subject-raising verbs function as intensional operators at the level of logical form, just like ‘it is possible’, ‘it was the case’, and ‘it might be the case’. The author’s main argument for the representational view rests on this fact about ‘seem’ and ‘look’.
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47

Schifano, Norma. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804642.003.0001.

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Chapter 1 outlines the main research questions of the book, namely identifying a detailed map of verb movement across a wide selection of (non-)standard Romance varieties and showing that much more variation is attested than traditionally assumed. In order to achieve this goal, verb placement is tested with respect to a number of hierarchically ordered adverbs, as mapped by Cinque (1999), and taking into account not only present indicative lexical verbs, but also different verb typologies. Before proceeding with the investigation, a number of assumptions are presented, such as the methodological ones (e.g. the intonational and scope requirements of the tested adverbs), the theoretical ones (e.g. hybrid cartographic-minimalist framework), as well as some comments on the method of data collection (cf. guided translation task with native speakers).
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48

Maiden, Martin. Root allomorphy and conjugation class. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199660216.003.0009.

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This chapter considers the (limited) extent to which conjugation classes in the Romance verb interact with the morphomic patterns of root allomorphy discussed elsewhere. It is shown how, in Ibero-Romance, inflexion-class assignment shows a surprising sensitivity to the morphomic L-pattern. The general resistance (particularly with respect to palatalization) of first-conjugation verbs to morphomic patterns of root allomorphy in most Romance languages is also explored.
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49

Danckaert, Lieven. The Development of Latin Clause Structure. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759522.001.0001.

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The focus of this book is Latin word order, and in particular the relative ordering of direct objects and lexical verbs (OV vs. VO), and auxiliaries and non-finite verbs (VAux vs. AuxV). One aim of the book is to offer a first detailed, corpus-based description of these two word order alternations, with special emphasis on their diachronic development in the period from ca. 200 BC until 600 AD. The corpus data reveal that some received wisdom needs to be reconsidered. For one thing, there is no evidence for any major increase in productivity of the order VO during the eight centuries under investigation. In addition, the order AuxV only becomes more frequent in clauses with a modal verb and an infinitive, not in clauses with a BE-auxiliary and a past participle. A second goal is to answer a more fundamental question about Latin syntax, namely whether or not the language is ‘configurational’, in the sense that a phrase structure grammar (with ‘higher-order constituents’ such as verb phrases) is needed to describe and analyse facts of Latin word order. Four pieces of evidence are presented which suggest that Latin is indeed a fully configurational language, despite its high degree of word order flexibility. Specifically, it is shown that there is ample evidence for the existence of a verb phrase constituent. The book thus contributes to the ongoing debate whether configurationality (phrase structure) is a language universal or not.
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50

Medová, Lucie Taraldsen, and Bartosz Wiland. Functional Sequence Zones and Slavic L>T>N Participles. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876746.003.0012.

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This chapter makes a case for morphemes as zones of functional sequence (fseq zones) in nanosyntax. Under such an approach, morphemes that compete for insertion with each other form the same fseq zone, whereas morphemes that co-occur together form different fseq zones. We illustrate this on the basis of the participle zone that is projected on top of verb stems in Slavic languages. We argue that in Polish and Czech, this participle zone spells out as L, T, or N, depending on its size and internal constituent structure. The constituent structure of this zone provides a direct solution to a long-standing puzzle in Polish and Czech morphology, namely why only unaccusative verbs build adjectival L-passives whereas all types of verbs build active L-participles.
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