Academic literature on the topic 'Vermichar'

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Journal articles on the topic "Vermichar"

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Rommel, U. Sacramento. "Properties of vermichar derived from agricultural waste and its potential supplement for lowland rice." International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR) 24, no. 6 (2024): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14010822.

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This study evaluates the nutrient composition of vermichar and its impact on soil properties and rice crop productivity. Vermichar, a biochar produced from organic waste and vermicompost, demonstrates a nutrient profile with 11.86% organic matter, 0.59% nitrogen, 4.41% phosphorus, 0.45% potassium, and a combined NPK value of 5.33%, suggesting its potential as an effective soil amendment. The application of vermichar at 10 bags per hectare significantly influenced soil pH, increasing it to 7.69 from the control&rsquo;s 6.15, indicating its strong alkalinizing effect. Additionally, vermichar application enhanced soil organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium levels compared to the control, though less effectively than NPK fertilizers. The study also examined the effects on rice growth and yield parameters. Vermichar application improved plant height, number of tillers, panicle length, and grain filling, but these benefits were less pronounced compared to combined treatments of NPK fertilizers and vermichar. The highest plant height, tiller number, and panicle length were observed with treatments combining NPK and vermichar, underscoring the synergistic effects of integrated nutrient management. These findings highlight the potential of vermichar to improve soil health and crop productivity, particularly when used alongside traditional fertilizers. Vermichar represents a sustainable agricultural practice, enhancing soil fertility and promoting better crop yields. Further research is recommended to optimize application rates and combinations for various crops and soil types. published by the&nbsp;<strong> International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (IJAAR)</strong>
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Rex, Topinio Mendoza. "Growth response and changes of soil chemical properties with application of vermichar in bell pepper production." International Journal of Biosciences (IJB) 25, no. 1 (2024): 50–61. https://doi.org/10.12692/ijb/25.1.50-61.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of vermichar as organic soil amendment on bell pepper and its effect on soil chemical properties. The study was laid out using the Randomized Complete Block (RCB) design to test the following treatments: T1-Control, T2-90-60-30 kg NPK, T3-90-60-30 kg NPK plus 5 bags vermichar, T4-90-60-30 kg NPK plus 10 bags vermichar, T5-90-60-30 NPK plus 15 bags vermichar and T6-10 bags vermichar. The experiment was established at the College of Agriculture, Isabela State University, Echague, Isabela from November 2023 to March 2024. Result of the study shows that the application of vermichar improves soil pH, soil nitrogen (0.01-0.22%), soil P (160.14-519.24 ppm), K (214-310ppm), Co (2.71-6.40ppm), Zn (2.89-18.93ppm). In addition, no significant effect was also observed in terms of iron and manganese when soil was applied with 5 10 15 bags of vermichar. Growth of bell pepper was also affected by the increased rate of vermichar application due to the inherent nutrient present in the material. In terms of crop productivity, bell pepper applied with 10 to 15 bags plus the addition of recommended amount of NPK recorded the highest number of fruit and yield resulting also to have the highest return of investment compared to control plants. published by the&nbsp;<strong> International Journal of Biosciences (IJB)</strong> &nbsp;
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Boldyrev, Denis, Sergey Nefed’ev, Ruslan Amirov, and Alexandr Koldin. "Ductile iron with nodular and compact graphite as a rational alternative to malleable cast iron." E3S Web of Conferences 389 (2023): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202338902019.

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There is a need for cast irons with a combined combination of properties in modern conditions. Such properties can be provided by ductile cast iron with nodular and vermicular graphite, which is essentially a hybrid cast iron in terms of microstructure. The article found that ductile iron with nodular and vermicular graphite in terms of its mechanical properties is a rational alternative to malleable cast iron, namely the grade KCh45-6 (GOST 1215-79). Also, the ratio of nodular/vermicular graphite (70…95/5…30%) was determined, which provides the data of mechanical characteristics. Differences in pearlite/ferrite ratio and hardness for ductile iron with nodular and vermicular graphite and ductile iron are shown, providing grade KCh45-6.
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Kong, Jian, and Lin Che. "The Study of a New Type of Cast Iron Material Used in the Glass Mould." Applied Mechanics and Materials 727-728 (January 2015): 83–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.727-728.83.

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Develop a new type of alloy cast iron material.Design experimental scheme and research method, choose low tin vermicular cast iron as raw materials, to determine the main alloying element and trace alloying elements, formulate the necessary particularizing alloy. On the basis of strict technology and process, to complete the cast iron smelting, produce vermicular cast iron that has a good comprehensive performance. To observe the metallographic structure of cast iron under a microscope. Finally,test the stretchability of the developed vermicular cast
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Guo, Qiaoqin, Zhong Yang, Ding Guo, et al. "Research on the Oxidation Mechanism of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron." Materials 12, no. 19 (2019): 3130. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12193130.

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The oxidation mechanism of vermicular graphite cast iron was studied. The oxidation reaction starts from graphites and diffused slowly. Graphites in vermicular graphite are interconnected, coral-like clusters, providing the main oxidation core and channel. The worm-like graphites on the surface are mostly oxidized and form oxide affected zones. The oxide films are composed of a loose oxide layer with the phases of Fe3O4, Fe2O3, and FeO, and a dense passivation layer with FeO and Fe2SiO4. After oxidation, pearlites in the vermicular graphite cast iron are decomposed into ferrite and cementite at high temperatures.
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Kropivna, Alena, and Olexandr Kuzyk. "Analysis and Harmonization of National and International Quality Standards for Compacted Graphite Cast Irons." Central Ukrainian Scientific Bulletin. Technical Sciences, no. 3(34) (October 2020): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32515/2664-262x.2020.3(34).88-95.

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Ensuring and coordination of high quality indicators of materials in the foundry industry is necessary in the development of Ukraine's economy. High quality products need to be enshrined in new national standards, harmonized with international and European standards. Thus, the purpose of this work is to analyze national and international standards for quality indicators of vermicular graphite iron and their harmonization with each other. The foundry industry of Ukraine has developed mainly with the use of interstate standards - GOST, which differ significantly from European and international and requires coordination and other approaches to the development of new standards. Today there are a number of international standards: ISO, SAE, CEN, VDG, ASTM, JIS, GB, STAS, which regulate the properties of cast iron with vermicular graphite. Most standards define the range of permissible content of spherical graphite (0… 20%) in the structure of cast iron with vermicular graphite, as well as determine the shape of samples to determine the properties and provide for the determination of graphite on surfaces formed after machining castings. In accordance with the needs of the automotive industry, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has created the standard SAEJ1887 JUL2002 for cast iron with vermicular graphite. The DSTU standard in force in Ukraine regulates only the temporary resistance to tensile and elongation laid down in the brand designation. Thus, the improvement, provision and harmonization of the national standard at the vermicular graphite iron by achieving high quality indicators of materials in the foundry industry, will ensure the stability of the technological production process, and further entry into international and European markets and a qualitatively new level of domestic engineering. An analysis of the current standards in Ukraine DSTU for cast iron with vermicular graphite is given, as well as its regulated mechanical properties and recommended chemical composition. The properties of similar international and European standards for cast iron with vermicular graphite according to ISO, SAE, CEN, VDG, ASTM, JIS, GB, STAS standardization are analyzed, as well as cross-references to ISO 16112 to other standard brands of the vermicular graphite iron. The conformity of brands of materials, depending on their chemical composition and mechanical properties given in GOST, international and European indicators is found out.
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Gumienny, G., M. Dondzbach, and B. Kacprzyk. "Effect of Chromium on the Solidification Process and Microstructure of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron." Archives of Foundry Engineering 15, no. 3 (2015): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2015-0054.

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Abstract The paper presents the results of studies of the effect of chromium concentration on the solidification process, microstructure and selected properties of cast iron with vermicular graphite. The vermicular graphite cast iron was obtained by an Inmold process. Studies covered the cast iron containing chromium in a concentration at which graphite is still able to preserve its vermicular form. The effect of chromium on the temperature of eutectic crystallization and on the temperature of the start and end of austenite transformation was discussed. The conditions under which, at a predetermined chromium concentration, the vermicular graphite cast iron of a pearlitic matrix is obtained were presented, and the limit concentration of chromium was calculated starting from which partial solidification of the cast iron in a metastable system takes place. The effect of chromium on the hardness of cast iron, microhardness of individual phases and surface fraction of carbides was disclosed.
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Fragassa, Cristiano. "Material selection in machine design: The change of cast iron for improving the high-quality Iin woodworking." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 231, no. 1 (2016): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406216639996.

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This paper analyzes the possibility to substitute the gray iron, traditionally used for the production of relevant parts in woodworking machines, with ductile iron or vermicular iron. A large experimental campaign to determine the mechanical beavior of ductile and vermicular irons respect to tensile, fatigue, and fracture loads was conducted and the microstructures were also analyzed. Results show that ductile or vermicular cast iron in parts and components of machine tools could provide additional stiffness and resistance for the high precision woodworking respect to Gray Iron. A balanced utilization of these alternative irons would permit to take a full advantage by each specific property (as strength, hardness, weight, etc.).
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Ruangchai, Kittikhun, Amporn Wiengmoon, Monnapas Morakotjinda, et al. "Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Properties of Sintered Fe-Mo-Si-C Steels with Spheroidal Graphite Iron/Compacted Graphite Iron-Like." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.47.

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Sintered Fe-Mo-Si-C steels were prepared from pre-alloyed Fe-0.85Mo powder added with fixed 4wt.% silicon carbide powder and varied graphite powder contents. It was found that the graphite powder addition caused morphological change from black nodular to black vermicular particles and resulted in decrease of black nodular/vermicular particle fraction, increase of pearlite fraction and slight change of ferrite fraction. The black nodular particles were either graphite or Fe-Mo-Si-C/graphite core-shell particles whereas vermicular particles were totally composed of carbon. The microstructural features showed influence on mechanical property of the sintered Fe-Mo-Si-C alloys. Wear properties of the sintered steels were strongly affected by their microstructural components. The sintered Fe-0.85Mo+4wt.%SiC steels showed highest friction coefficient and volume loss. Addition of graphite to the sintered Fe-0.85Mo+4wt.%SiC steels, not only changed morphology and chemistry of black particles but also reduced friction coefficient and volume loss. The reduction of both determined wear properties were attributed to the presence of vermicular graphite particles.
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McMillan, Simon G. "The Microstructure of Vermicular Glaucony." Clays and Clay Minerals 42, no. 1 (1994): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1346/ccmn.1994.0420108.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vermichar"

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Alves, Roberto Rodrigues. "Análise do fresamento frontal de ferro fundido vermicular." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2010. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=990.

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Em todo momento novas tecnologias são desenvolvidas em diversas áreas de aplicação. Muitas destas novas tecnologias são focadas não só na resolução de problemas específicos, mas também na redução dos impactos causados ao meio ambiente. Os motores com combustão interna são comprovadamente grandes responsáveis por parte da poluição no meio ambiente, por isso são desenvolvidas pesquisas com o objetivo de melhorar seu rendimento e, ao mesmo tempo, reduzir os níveis de poluição gerados pelos mesmos. O ferro fundido vermicular (CGI) utilizado nos blocos de motores diesel é um recente desenvolvimento que permite a obtenção de melhor desempenho associado à menor emissão de poluentes e operação mais silenciosa. Em contra partida, o ferro fundido vermicular têm usinabilidade inferior aos materiais freqüentemente utilizados para esta finalidade. Por este motivo este trabalho foca no fresamento frontal de acabamento no ferro fundido vermicular, analisando tempo de vida de diferentes materiais de ferramentas de corte, como metal duro, cerâmica e CBN, e o acabamento superficial gerado por eles. Entre outros resultados encontrados neste trabalho, conclui-se o metal duro com ângulo de posição maior apresente maior tempo de vida para os parâmetros testados.
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Rosa, Sílvia do Nascimento 1980. "Influencia do teor de titanio no torneamento do ferro fundido vermicular." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/263052.

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Orientador: Anselmo Eduardo Diniz<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T09:54:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rosa_SilviadoNascimento_M.pdf: 9148933 bytes, checksum: ed1d0dab6ab664906da6aa500c2a2c94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: O ferro fundido vermicular, sigla inglesa CGI (Compacted Graphite Iron), devido às suas boas propriedades mecânicas, tem encontrado diversas aplicações na área automobilística. Uma das aplicações é a produção de blocos de motores diesel de alta potência, que devido ao aumento de resistência comparado com o ferro fundido cinzento, permite aumento de pressão no cilindro que induz a alta produção de potência. O resultado é a melhor queima do combustível que gera economia e, consequentemente, diminuição da emissão de poluentes, contribuindo com as exigências das leis ambientais. No entanto, boas propriedades dos materiais são conseguidas geralmente através de melhoramentos no processo de produção, como por exemplo, adição de elementos de liga. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estudar a influência do teor de titânio, elemento químico que melhora a resistência ao desgaste do ferro fundido, no desempenho do processo de torneamento, com ferramentas de metal duro e cerâmicas, utilizando duas velocidades de corte. Os resultados mostram que a liga com maior teor de titânio gera menor vida das ferramentas e que as ferramentas cerâmicas não são viáveis para a usinagem do vermicular estudado. Attrition, abrasão e difusão foram os principais mecanismos de desgaste de ferramenta verificados neste trabalho.<br>Abstract: Due to its good mechanical properties, the compacted (vermicular) graphite iron (CGI) has found a lot of applications in the automobilistic field. One of the applications is the production of high power diesel engine blocks that, due to the higher strength compared to the usual gray cast iron, allows the increase of the pressure inside the cylinder and, consequently, production of high level of energy. The result is the better fuel burning what decreases the fuel consumption and the pollutants' emission levels. However, good materials properties are obtained generally through improvements in the process of the production, for example, addition of alloy elements. Thus, the goal of this work is to study the influence of the titanium content, chemical element which improves the wear resistance of the cast iron, in the turning operation performance, with carbides and ceramics tools, using two cutting speeds. The results show that the alloy with the highest titanium content generated the shortest tool life and that ceramics tools are not suitable for turning of the vermicular alloys studied. Attrition, abrasion and diffusion were the main tool wear mechanisms verified in this work.<br>Mestrado<br>Materiais e Processos de Fabricação<br>Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Mocellin, Fabiano. "Avaliação da usinabilidade do ferro fundido vermicular em ensaios de furação." Florianópolis, SC, 2002. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/82301.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T13:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 183556.pdf: 3291255 bytes, checksum: 9b6a795c9ca57af566a4100e34f538c0 (MD5)<br>O ferro fundido vermicular, também conhecido como Compacted Graphite Iron - CGI, nos últimos anos tem se destacado na indústria automobilística mundial. Sua importância está relacionada principalmente à fabricação de blocos e cabeçotes de motores diesel, além de outras peças automotivas. Os motores diesel, que trabalham com elevadas taxas de compressão, necessitam de uma estrutura rígida para suportar os esforços. No entanto, seu rendimento e emissão de poluentes poderiam ser melhorados se picos de pressão de explosão ainda maiores pudessem ser alcançados. A resistência mecânica do ferro fundido cinzento, material atualmente utilizado na fabricação dos motores diesel, não permite atingir pressões maiores, no entanto, possui características particulares e indispensáveis, tais como boa condutividade térmica e amortecimento de vibrações. Paralelamente, o ferro fundido vermicular aparece como um bom substituto para tais aplicações, pois além de possuir propriedades de condutividade e de amortecimento semelhantes ao cinzento, tem propriedades mecânicas superiores, permitindo a fabricação de motores de melhor desempenho e menor peso. A utilização do ferro fundido vermicular apresenta como desvantagem a maior dificuldade para usiná-lo, isto é, pior usinabilidade em relação ao ferro fundido cinzento. Diante deste fato, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo pesquisar a influência dos parâmetros de fabricação deste ferro fundido vermicular em sua usinabilidade. Os parâmetros de fabricação em estudo são o teor de elementos formadores de perlita e o tempo de desmoldagem. Os materiais foram estudados através de ensaios de furação de longa duração, utilizando brocas helicoidais de metal-duro revestidas com TiAlN. A dissertação contempla ainda uma comparação com a usinabilidade do ferro fundido cinzento - FC-250, atualmente utilizado pela Tupy Fundições na fabricação de blocos e cabeçotes de motores diesel.
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Doré, Christian. "Influência da variação da nodularidade na usinabilidade do ferro fundido vermicular." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90164.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica, Florianópolis, 2007.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-23T06:46:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 273017.pdf: 4488937 bytes, checksum: 388c0f851737753ad3e42c94494314c3 (MD5)<br>Atualmente, fatores como: a redução das emissões de poluentes, redução do consumo de combustíveis dos veículos sem alterar a potência, são decisivos para corporações do ramo automobilístico ganhar o mercado consumidor. Neste contexto, o ferro fundido vermicular tem se apresentado como um material de uso potencial, em diversos componentes, bem como em motores diesel devido às suas propriedades superiores. Apesar das boas características mecânicas e dos seus vários benefícios para a indústria, sua microestrutura é de difícil usinabilidade o que se torna um fator limitante de sua aplicação. Um desses fatores é o limite de nodularidade que deve estar em uma faixa de 0 a 20%, pois quanto maior seu aumento, maior será a resistência a tração e a rigidez, diminuindo a condutividade térmica e usinabilidade do material. Ademais, comparado ao ferro fundido cinzento, a dificuldade na usinagem do vermicular está relacionada também a dois fatores: a sua alta resistência mecânica que acarreta grandes forças de corte, e a ausência de sulfeto de manganês em sua microestrutura, sempre presente no ferro fundido cinzento, e que deposita-se sobre a ferramenta de corte garantindo uma ação lubrificante local. Desse modo o presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a influência que a variação na nodularidade do ferro fundido vermicular tem sobre a sua usinabilidade. Os critérios utilizados para a análise foram os tempos de vida e os mecanismos de desgaste das ferramentas de metal-duro e de cerâmica na usinagem do ferro fundido vermicular em processo de corte contínuo. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a variação da microestrutura tem grande influência na usinabilidade do material e que as ferramentas de metal-duro se mostram as mais viáveis para a usinagem do ferro fundido vermicular em função dos bons resultados apresentados.<br>Nowadays, factors such as: the pollutants emission reductions, the fuel consumption reduction on vehicles without loosing power, are decisive to the automobile corporations to win the consumer market. Within this context, the compact graphite iron has showed itself as a material with a lot of potential to many components, as well as diesel engines due its superior properties. Despite its good mechanical characteristics and the many benefits that it can bring to the industry, its structure and the composition have a very hard machinability what become limiting factors to its application. One of these factors is the nodularity that should be between 0-20 percent, because how much increase the nodularity, bigger will be the stiffness and tensile strength, decreasing the machinability and thermal conductivity of the CGI. Furthermore comparing to the gray cast iron, the difficulty on machining the compact graphite iron is related on two factors: its high mechanical resistance which involves great cutting powers and the absence of manganese sulfide on its microstructure, which is always present on the gray cast iron that deposits on the cutting tool and guarantees a lubricant action locally. The present work has as purpose to analyze the influence of the nodularity variation on the machinability of compact graphite iron. The parameters consider for the analyses were the tool life and the wear mechanisms of the carbide and ceramics cutting tools. The results showed that the microstructure variation has great influence on the CGI machinability and that the carbides showed the most viable cutting tool for machining the compact graphite iron.
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Ferreira, Márcio Henrique. "Análise da vida em fadiga termomecânica de ferros fundidos cinzento e vermicular." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18158/tde-05092017-081625/.

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Motores de combustão interna são submetidos a carregamentos térmicos e mecânicos que podem resultar em trincas devido ao fenômeno de fadiga termomecânica, FTM. Ferros fundidos tem sido uma escolha comum para a fabricação de blocos e cabeçotes de motores a diesel. Para melhorar o desempenho dos motores é importante ter uma compreensão clara do comportamento em FTM destes materiais, permitindo a previsão de vida, melhorando as propriedades de novas ligas, bem como aumentar a confiabilidade desses componentes. Assim, este projeto teve como objetivo avaliar a vida em FTM de dois tipos de ferro fundido usado na fabricação de motores de combustão interna. Os testes foram realizados em um sistema de teste mecânico MTS 810, em controle de deformação com 100% de restrição (&Delta;&epsilon; = 0), utilizando um forno de indução de alta frequência para aquecimento e um dispositivo de resfriamento (condução e convecção), registrando as tensões e número de ciclos. Os ciclos térmicos aplicados simulam as condições de trabalho, em modo acelerado, de um motor de combustão interna, aplicando um ciclo térmico em forma de uma onda trapezoidal, com temperaturas mínimas e máximas de 50 e 420°C, respectivamente e um tempo de permanência de 180 s na temperatura máxima, e tempo de ciclo total de 300 s. Os resultados mostram que o ferro fundido vermicular apresenta uma vida em FTM maior que o ferro fundido cinzento porque a morfologia dos veios de grafita que atuam como concentradores de tensão no ferro fundido cinzento reduz acentuadamente a sua rigidez durante a tensão trativa, causando a formação de micro trincas em um número menor de ciclos.<br>Internal combustion engines are subjected to thermal and mechanical loads that may result in cracks due to thermomechanical fatigue phenomenon, TMF. Cast irons have been a common choice for the manufacture of blocks and cylinder heads of diesel engines. To improve the engines performance it is important to have a clear understanding of the FTM behavior of these materials, enabling life prediction, improving the properties of new alloys, as well as increase the reliability of these components. Thus, this project aims to evaluate the TMF life of two types of cast iron used in the manufacture of internal combustion engines. The tests were performed on a MTS 810 mechanical testing system, in displacement control and 100% restriction (&Delta;&epsilon; = 0), using a highfrequency induction furnace for heating and a cooling device (conduction and convection), recording the stresses, strains and number of cycles. The thermal cycles applied have heating and cooling cycles that simulate the work conditions, in accelerated mode, of an internal combustion engine, applying an trapezoidal wave shape, with minimum and maximum temperatures of 50 and 420°C respectively, and a 180 s dwell time at maximum temperature, and total cycle time of 300 s. The results showed that compact cast iron presents TMF life larger than the gray cast iron because the morphology of graphite flakes in the gray cast iron reduces markedly their rigidity during the traction portion of the tensile part of the cycle, causing the defects formation at smaller number of cycles. The thermomechanical behavior of these two types of cast irons are discussed in detail.
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Gabaldo, Sander. "Uma contribuição a melhoria do processo de fresamento de ferro fundido vermicular - CGI." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264179.

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Orientador: Anselmo Eduardo Diniz<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T07:22:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabaldo_Sander.pdf: 2762986 bytes, checksum: 9ee0f13e912c0dd2e61765aecf7ca689 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009<br>Resumo: Desde o início deste século, cada vez mais têm se intensificado as pesquisas no desenvolvimento dos motores diesel, procurando aumentar a sua eficiência energética e reduzir os níveis de emissão de poluentes. Uma das maneiras de aumentar esta eficiência é aumentar os picos de pressão de explosão do combustível na câmara de combustão. O ferro fundido cinzento é o material mais utilizado para a fabricação de blocos de motores diesel. Porém para aumentar as pressões na câmara de combustão quando se utiliza este tipo de liga, é necessário aumentar a espessura das paredes do bloco de motor o que eleva o seu peso, e consequentemente, não cumpre com as exigências especificadas. Assim, o ferro fundido vermicular (CGI) aparece como um material alternativo para tal aplicação. Ele possue características de condutividade térmica e amortecimento similar ao do ferro fundido cinzento, porém, com propriedades mecânicas superiores possibilitando a fabricação de motores menores e, consequentemente, mais leves e também com melhor desempenho, sem considerar a redução da poluição ambiental por gases e ruídos. Entretanto, a utilização do CGI apresenta como desvantagem sua pior usinabilidade quando comparado com o ferro fundido cinzento, incentivando pesquisas e aperfeiçoamento das técnicas de usinagem e desenvolvimento dos materiais de corte das ferramentas, no qual este trabalho está inserido. O objetivo deste trabalho é de analisar a influência da micro geometria da aresta de corte (testou-se geometria lisa e positiva), do material da ferramenta (testou-se metal duro, cerâmica a base de nitreto de silício com e sem coberturas) e da velocidade de corte na vida da ferramenta, na rugosidade da peça e no potência de corte no fresamento de uma superfície similar à usada na face de fogo do bloco do motor de ferro fundido vermicular. As principais conclusões foram: ferramentas com a geometria lisa sempre obtiveram vida mais longa que ferramentas positivas e a ferramenta de metal duro alcançou vida maior que as ferramentas de cerâmica (com ou sem cobertura), mesmo nas velocidades de corte usualmente utilizadas para a cerâmica.<br>Abstract: Since the beginning of this century, researches about the development of diesel engines have been intensified, aiming to increase its energy efficiency and to reduce the levels of emission of pollutants. One the way to increase this efficiency is to increase the peaks of pressure of fuel explosion in the combustion chamber. The grey casting iron material is the most common material used for the manufacturing of diesel engine blocks. However, to increase the pressures in the combustion chamber when this kind of alloy is used, it is necessary to increase the wall thickness of the blocks, what raises its weight and consequently, does not fulfill with the specified requirements. Thus, the compacted graphite iron (CGI) appears as an alternative material for such application. It has characteristics of heat conductivity and damping similar to the casting iron, however, with superior mechanical properties making possible the manufacturing of small and consequently, light engines and also with better performance, without considering the reduction of the environmental pollution for gases and noises. However the use of the CGI presents as disadvantage its worse machining when compared with the grey casting iron, stimulating research and development of machining techniques and, development of the cutting materials, where this thesis is inserted. The objective of this thesis is to analyze the influence of the micro geometries of the cutting edge (tested positive and flat geometry), cutting material (tested hard material, ceramic Si3N4 with or without coating) and cutting speed in the finishing operation of the fire face of the engine made of CGI. As output variables we used tool life, cutting power and surface roughness of the workpiece. Among the main result we could say that the most negative tool presented the longest tool life and carbide material is better than ceramic (with or without coating) in terms of tool life in the milling of this kind of workpiece.<br>Universidade Estadual de Campi<br>Materiais e Processos de Fabricação<br>Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Canale, Anderson Junior. "Estudo da soldagem de recuperação do ferro fundido vermicular através do processo oxiacetilênico." Florianópolis, SC, 2005. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/102926.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2013-07-16T02:21:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 224736.pdf: 5795804 bytes, checksum: 636ab69ce7a7882d1091e656625f762c (MD5)<br>Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o comportamento do ferro fundido vermicular frente ao processo de recuperação por soldagem oxiacetilênica, pois a literatura não comenta tal procedimento, bem como avaliar as microestruturas formadas na região da solda e explorar algumas variáveis de processo com o objetivo de minimizar a formação de componentes frágeis e grafita lamelar na região da solda. Para avaliar o processo de recuperação por soldagem foi elaborado um procedimento experimental, onde em primeiro momento foram realizados testes de simples deposição com ciclo térmico e metais de adição já utilizados para recuperação dos ferros fundidos cinzentos e nodulares e na seqüência foi avaliado a influência da composição química do metal de adição, espessura e número de passes e influência dos ciclos térmicos. Os resultados mostraram que o metal adição utilizado para a soldagem do ferro fundido nodular não pode ser utilizado, o número de passes influencia na forma da grafita e o ciclo térmico na formação de componentes frágeis e que o ferro fundido vermicular pode sofrer operações de soldagem de recuperação pelo processo oxiacetilênico resultando em grafita nodular e matriz ferrítica no cordão de solda. This work has for objective to evaluate the behavior of the compacted graphite iron front to the process of recovery for oxiacetilenic welding, there isn't any documentation about this procedure in the literature, as well as evaluating the microstructures formed in the region of the weld and exploring some variable of process with the objective to minimize the formation of fragile components and flake graphite in the region of the weld. To evaluate the process of recovery for welding an experimental procedure was elaborated, where in first tests of simple deposition with thermal cycle had been carried through and metal of addition already used for recovery of gray and ductile cast irons, in the sequence was evaluated the influence of the chemical composition of the addition metal, thickness and the number of thread and influence of the thermal cycles. The results had shown that the metal addition used for the welding of the ductile cast iron cannot be used, the number of thread influence in the form of the graphite and the thermal cycle in the formation of fragile components and the compacted graphite iron can suffer operations from welding of recovery for the oxiacetilenic process resulting in nodulus graphite and ferrític matrix in the weld region.
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Souza, José de. "Avaliação de fluidos de corte de base vegetal na furação de ferro fundido vermicular." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2009. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=849.

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Um bloco de motor reúne boa parte das operações clássicas de usinagem, e a operação de furação é uma das que apresentam o maior tempo efetivo de corte, apresenta grande influência sobre os custos finais obtenção de tal produto. Uma das formas de reduzir este custo é aumentando a longevidade da ferramenta de corte, pode ser obtido através do uso de fluidos de corte, permitindo controle da temperatura, aumento da refrigeração do sistema e da lubrificação na região de corte, além de auxiliar na remoção de cavacos e particulados. A partir de tais pressupostos, este estudo teve por objetivo, a comparação do desempenho de três fluidos de corte de base vegetal em um ensaio de furação com uma broca de metal duro, sendo usinado um bloco de ferro fundido vermicular utilizado na fabricação de blocos de motores. Para isto, do ponto de vista metodológico, foram realizados ensaios tradicionais do tempo de vida da ferramenta com a análise de tempo de vida da broca em furos contínuos. Os critérios aplicados nos ensaios foram: o tempo de vida da broca em furos contínuos com profundidade definida, em percurso de material removido, até atingir a marca de desgaste de flanco (VB) limítrofe; análise dos cavacos quanto à forma e coloração durante o ensaio; as análises das propriedades químicas e microbiológicas dos fluidos de corte durante o processo de usinagem, obtendo-se uma avaliação dos riscos à saúde humana e ao meio ambiente.
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Sousa, Taíse Azevedo de. "Usinagem de ferro fundido vermicular com ferramenta de corte à base de alumina magnésio /." Guaratinguetá, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192492.

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Orientador: Marcos Valerio Ribeiro<br>Resumo: The development of new materials is extremely important, due to the need to obtain materials with good properties and low cost. There is a continuing need to improve tools for machining materials that have high strength at elevated temperatures that meet the vermicular cast iron. Small advances in the development of new tools could mean important aspects in the field of machining, in addition to making the market more competitive. The set of production and application of ceramic cutting tools in the machining processes of vermicular cast iron (GJV450) needs further advances, being an object of great industrial interest. In this context, the present work determined the best application condition of the ceramic tools based on Alumina (Al2O3), doped with magnesium oxide (MgO) on a laboratory scale, in the machining without cutting fluid of the vermicular iron class GJV450 in comparison with a commercial carbide tool coated with alumina, based on the need for machining vermicular cast iron in industries and foundries. For turning vermicular cast iron with a ceramic tool, the parameters used were cutting speeds of 300-350-400-450-500-550-600-650 m / min; feed of 0.1-0.3 mm / rev and machining depth of 0.5 -1.0 mm and for the carbide tool, cutting speeds of 150-250-350-450 m / min; feed rate of 0.1-0.3 mm / rev and machining depth of 0.5 -1.0 mm. The previously defined input variables (Vc, f, ap), were correlated with the output variables such as roughness (Ra and Rt), power, acous... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Doutor
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Bagetti, João Henrique. "Análise da usinabilidade, deformação e temperatura no fresamento dos ferros fundidos vermicular e cinzento." Florianópolis, SC, 2009. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/92492.

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Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Mecânica.<br>Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T09:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 263757.pdf: 5020353 bytes, checksum: 4a64faa4faa8c0447518abdc42254e1e (MD5)<br>O ferro fundido cinzento é um material de intensa utilização na fabricação de blocos de motores. Nos anos recentes, o ferro fundido vermicular vem ganhando grande espaço na construção de blocos de motores diesel, em razão das recentes evoluções tecnológicas desses motores, tanto em desempenho quanto na redução da emissão de poluentes, baseados em maiores pressões e temperaturas de trabalho. O ferro fundido vermicular atende cada vez melhor a essa demanda, em virtude das suas propriedades mecânicas superiores às do ferro fundido cinzento. Entretanto, em conseqüência disso, esse material apresenta maior dificuldade na usinagem, o que acarreta custos maiores no processo de fabricação dos blocos. Dentro desse contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo da usinabilidade dos dois materiais, utilizando o processo de fresamento, que é um dos processos de grande aplicação na usinagem de blocos e cabeçotes de motores, ainda pouco estudado no Brasil com relação à usinabilidade do ferro fundido vermicular. Paralelamente, tem-se como objetivo avaliar a temperatura na peça durante a usinagem e também determinar as variações geométricas que podem ocorrer nas paredes da peça, tendo em vista o efeito térmico e os esforços da usinagem. Para tanto, houve a realização experimentos com insertos de metal-duro e de cerâmica, os quais são utilizados pela indústria para o fresamento de blocos de motores, fabricados `com ambos os materiais. Foram empregados três conjuntos de parâmetros de corte, um para a ferramenta de metal-duro e dois para a ferramenta cerâmica. Afim de medir a temperatura, foram utilizados termopares conectados ao corpo-de-prova e os sinais adquiridos e armazenados por meio de uma unidade de aquisição de dados. Com o propósito de caracterizar as variações geométricas nos corpos-de-prova, foi utilizada uma máquina de medição tridimensional. Os resultados de vida de ferramenta, avaliados pelo desgaste de flanco, permitiram evidenciar as dificuldades de usinagem do ferro fundido vermicular, comparativamente ao ferro fundido cinzento. Essas diferenças acentuam-se na usinagem com ferramenta de metal-duro e tornam-se menores com o uso de ferramentas cerâmicas. Os resultados referentes à temperatura demonstraram que o vermicular apresenta maior aquecimento durante a usinagem. Com relação às variações geométricas, não foi constado predominância de maior ou menor variação para um ou outro material. The gray cast iron is a material of intense utilization in the engine block's manufacture. In the last few years, the compacted graphite iron (CGI) is gaining a great space in the diesel engine block's construction, on account of the recent's technological evolutions of these engines, such as in the performance in the reduction of pollutant's emission, based on work's higher pressures and temperatures. The CGI provides each time in a better way this demand, in virtue of his mechanical properties that are superiors than the gray cast iron. Meantime, as consequence of that, this material present's bigger difficulty in the machining, what brings bigger costs in the block's manufactory process. Inside this context, this work has as the objective the machinability's study of two materials, using the milling process which is one of the process with a great utilization in the machining of block's and headstocks of engines, still not so studied in Brazil compared to machinability of the CGI. In parallel, the objective is to evaluate the temperature in the piece during the machining and also determinates the geometrics oscillation that can happen in the piece's wall, having in mind the thermal effect and the efforts of the machining. For that, there was the realization of experiments with carbide tool and ceramic tool, which are utilized by the milling of engine block's industry, manufactured with both materials. There were used three parameters sets of cut, one for the carbide tool and two for the ceramic tool. With the objective of check the temperature, there were used thermocouples connected to the pieces, was used a acquired sighs and stored through a acquisition unit of data. With the propose of characterize the geometric variation in the pieces, was used a three-dimensional measure machine. The results of tool's life, evaluated by the flank wear, allow showing up the difficulties in the CGI machining, comparatively to the gray cast iron. These differences get accented in the machining with carbide tools and become smaller with the ceramic tools use. The results referents to the temperature show that the CGI presents bigger heating during the machining. Regarding the geometrical variations, was not noted predominance of bigger or smaller variation for one or other material.
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Book chapters on the topic "Vermichar"

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Laneri, K., J. Desimoni, R. C. Mercader, R. W. Gregorutti, and J. L. Sarutti. "Austempering Transformation in 0.11wt% Mn Vermicular Cast Iron." In Hyperfine Interactions (C). Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0281-3_132.

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Wang, Changzhen. "Application of Rare Earths in Nodular and Vermicular Cast Iron." In Theory and Application of Rare Earth Materials. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4178-8_9.

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Jiménez-Morales, Francisco, Pedro Rivero-Antúnez, Manuela González-Sánchez, Laura Garrido-Regife, and Víctor Morales-Flórez. "The Evolution of Vermicular Structures and Sintering Behavior of Alumina." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14926-9_14.

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Radovic, Nenad, Grzegorz Lesiuk, and Rodoljub Vujanac. "Early Evidences on the Rotating Bending Fatigue Properties of Ductile and Vermicular Cast Irons." In Structural Integrity. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91847-7_3.

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"vermicular." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Interior Design. Fairchild Books, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365171.4144.

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"vermicular, adj. & n." In Oxford English Dictionary, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oed/1062559612.

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Zych, Jerzy, Marcin Myszka, and Janusz Postuła. "‘Vari-Morph’ (VM) Cast Iron with Several Forms of Graphite: Technology, Properties, Application." In Casting Processes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102045.

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Cast iron with mixed-shape graphite and controlled fractions of individual shapes, known as VM cast iron (‘Vari - Morph’), can become material for castings with special requirements. The name of the cast iron ‘Vari Morph’ (VM) was first proposed by the authors in 2018 at the World Congress of Foundries in Krakow. VM cast iron displays physical and mechanical properties, which cannot be achieved with homogeneously shaped graphite. Cast iron with (L – flake) + (V – vermicular) graphite is characterised by good thermal conductivity and better A5 (elongation) and Rm (tensile strength) (than grey cast iron. What is of particular interest is cast iron with a mixed form: (S – spheroidal) + (V – vermicular). Currently, research is being carried out to achieve cast iron with a high-quality index (QI) defined as Rm/HB. This paper presents the results of research of physical (thermal conductivity), mechanical (Rm and A5) and functional properties (thermal fatigue) of VM cast iron. The ultrasound technique was applied for assessing the graphite compactness degree (ξ): ultrasonic wave speed CL = f(ξ), damping factor α = f(ξ). The article also presents the correlations between the above-mentioned parameters, as well as describes the technology used to produce VM cast iron and possible areas of application of the material.
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Bresa, Naser. "VERMICA -TOURIST OASIS, CULTIVATOR AND SERVER OF TROUT." In CHALLENGES OF TOURISM AND BUSINESS LOGISTICS IN THE 21ST CENTURY. Универзитет "Гоце Делчев"-Штип, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46763/yfnts2141285b.

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Sikora, J. A., G. L. Rivera, and H. Biloni. "Metallographic study of the eutectic solidification of gray, vermicular and nodular cast iron." In F. Weinberg International Symposium on Solidification Processing. Elsevier, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-040413-4.50030-0.

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Vinten-Johansen, Peter, Howard Brody, Nigel Paneth, Stephen Rachman, and Michael Rip. "Introduction." In Cholera, Chloroform, and the Science of Medicine. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195135442.003.0001.

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Abstract Sometime Between 1839 and 1841, John Snow drowned a guinea pig. It died in two minutes. An hour after its death, Snow began dissecting. He observed that the heart was perfectly still and that the right side was swollen with blood while the left was nearly empty. As he proceeded he noted that the surface of the lungs changed color when exposed to air. Then, much to his surprise, the heart twitched in the form of “a slight vermicular motion in the right auricle.” He opened the trachea and began artificial respiration. The heart’s ventricles began to move, and through the coats of the left atrium (the chamber that receives blood from the lungs) he could see oxygen-rich, bright red blood. The heart continued to contract weakly, unable to expel blood from its chambers, but it kept beating rhythmically for forty-five minutes. What exactly was Snow up to in attempting to reactivate a guinea pigs’s dead tissue? This particular experiment took place in the course of his investigations into respiration and asphyxia, undertaken with the desire to establish the physiological basis for pulmonary resuscitation on infants. His efforts involved more unsettled questions than would William Kouwenhoven’s when he developed his cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques in the 1950s.
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Conference papers on the topic "Vermichar"

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Nascimento, Ivaldo Assis do, Assis Moura Nascimento, and André Luis de Brito Baptista. "TUBOS CENTRIFUGADOS DE FERRO FUNDIDO VERMICULAR: CARACTERÍSTICAS E PRODUÇÃO." In 62º Congresso anual da ABM. Editora Blucher, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5151/2594-5327-2005-14922-0119.

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Menendez, H., and T. M. Devine. "The Sensitization Behavior of 308 Duplex Stainless Steel Welds with Lathy Ferrite." In CORROSION 1987. NACE International, 1987. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1987-87099.

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Abstract The sensitization behavior of 5 autogenous T.I.G. welds with lathy ferrite microstructure was investigated by isothermally heat treating samples for various lengths of time at 550C and 600C and testing for intergranular corrosion resistance in ASTM-A262E. The welds were found to behave similarly to other welds of similar composition but which had interdendritic or vermicular ferrite. Considering the very large amounts of austenite-ferrite interfacial area present in the lathy ferrite welds, theoretical analysis predicted that such welds should be immune to sensitization. Although the welds were found to be highly resistant to sensitization, they were not immune. Reasons for this discrepancy are discussed.
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Nascimento, Ivaldo Assis do, Assis Moura Nascimento, and André Luís de Brito. "DESENVOLVIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE COMPONENTES HIDRÁULICOS EM FERRO FUNDIDO VERMICULAR DESTINADOS AO SANEAMENTO E IRRIGAÇÃO." In 62º Congresso anual da ABM. Editora Blucher, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5151/2594-5327-2005-14921-0118.

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Khan, Hayat Muhammad, Yang Jianhua, and Shaharyar Ahmed Khan Tareen. "Locomotion patterns of a vermicular robot." In 2016 2nd International Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (ICRAI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icrai.2016.7791245.

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Azevedo de Sousa, Taise. "USINAGEM DE FERRO FUNDIDO NODULAR E VERMICULAR UTILIZANDO FERRAMENTA DE ALUMINA." In Congresso Brasileiro de Engenharia de Fabricação. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobef2017.cof2017-1508.

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Шаехова, Ирина, Irina Shaehova, Алексей Панов, et al. "Problems of using computer control of vermicular graphite in the microstructure of cast iron." In 29th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Image Processing and Computer Vision, Visualization Systems and the Virtual Environment GraphiCon'2019. Bryansk State Technical University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30987/graphicon-2019-1-260-264.

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In recent decades, there has been an increase in industrial interest in compacted graphite iron, which has a very wide range of properties more depended on the graphite form. The same time, to date, there are no methods for controlling graphite in the microstructure of CGI necessary truth. In the present work, the automatic calculation error of the fraction of vermicular graphite is estimated, which is associated with the automatic identification error of the type of graphite inclusion. It is shown that automatic calculation without the metallographist increases accuracy in comparison with GOST 3443-87, but its error remains not acceptably high for materials science tasks and requires further improvement.
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Lin, Yongchuan. "Casting Process of Improving Cutting Machining Properties of Vermicular Graphite Cast Iron." In International Conference on Information System and Management Engineering. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006023102360239.

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Matheus Cortz, Vinicius Moreira Silva Bertolini, Carlos Henrique da Silva, and João Luiz do Vale. "AVALIAÇÃO TRIBOLÓGICA DOS FERROS FUNDIDOS CINZENTO E VERMICULAR EM ENSAIO DE RISCAMENTO." In IX Congresso Nacional de Engenharia Mecânica. ABCM Associação Brasileira de Engenharia e Ciências Mecânicas, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.20906/cps/con-2016-0680.

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Rustow de Paula, Fabio, Álisson Rocha Machado, Leonardo Rosa Ribeiro da Silva, Neider Oliveira Soares, and Renan Ednan Flores. "Estudo do comportamento da temperatura na furação de ferro fundido vermicular CGI 500." In 12th Brazilian Congress on Manufacturing Engineering. ABCM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobef2023.cof23-0128.

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Rustow de Paula, Fabio. "Furação de Ferro Fundido Vermicular CGI 450 com brocas de metal duro revestidas." In XXIV Colóquio de Usinagem. Even3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/usinagem.485941.

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