To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Vermiculite substrates.
Journal articles on the topic 'Vermiculite substrates'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Vermiculite substrates.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Faria, Ricardo Tadeu de, Luciana do Valle Rego, Anderson Bernardi, and Hugo Molinari. "Performance of Differents Genotyps of Brazilian Orchid Cultivation in Alternatives Substrates." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 44, no. 4 (December 2001): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132001000400003.
Full textAbstract:
Two native Brazilian orchid especies, Oncidium baueri and Maxillaria picta, were grown in different substrate mixtures. The plants were cultivated in ceramic pots in a greenhouse with 50% of shadind light and watered three times a week. The following substrates were used: 1) de-fibered xaxim; 2)xaxim cubes; 3) vermiculite; 4) carbonized rice husk; 5) charcoal; 6) charcoal + carbonized rice husk; 7) crocks; 8) vermiculite and charcoal; 9) vermiculite + carbonized rice husks; 10) extruded polystyrene + charcoal; 11) pine bark + charcoal + extruded polystyrene; 12) vermiculite + carbonized rice husks + extruded polystyrene + charcoal; 13) pine bark. The substrate ratio was 1:1 in the mixture. NPK 10-10-10 leaf fertilizer was applied every thirty days and castor bean cake and bone powder organic fertilizer were applied every ninety days. A randomized complete block design was used with 10 replications. Growth and rooting were assessed after eight months. The best alternative substrate to O. baueri was vermiculie and the best alternatives substrates to M. picta were vermiculite and charcoal and vermiculite + carbonized rice husks.
2
Dutra, Tiago Reis, Paulo Henrique Grazziotti, Reynaldo Campos Santana, and Marília Dutra Massad. "QUALIDADE DE MUDAS DE COPAÍBA PRODUZIDAS EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTO." FLORESTA 45, no. 3 (March 18, 2015): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v45i3.35686.
Full textAbstract:
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a influência de dois volumes de diferentes substratos e níveis de sombreamento sobre a qualidade de mudas de copaíba. O experimento foi conduzido por 130 dias em DBC casualizados no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo avaliados dois volumes (180 e 280 cm³) dos substratos Bioplant®; 70% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada; 40% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 30% fibra de côco; 50% vermiculita + 30% casca de arroz carbonizada + 20% areia; e 70% vermiculita + 15% casca de arroz carbonizada + 15% vermicomposto. Essas dez combinações foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro blocos com diferentes intensidades luminosas: 0, 30, 50 e 70% de sombreamento. O uso de 180 cm³ de substrato foi suficiente para produzir mudas de copaíba com bom desenvolvimento e índice de qualidade. Os substratos 70V+30CA, 40V+30CA+30FC, 50V+30CA+20A, 70V+15CA+15VC apresentaram-se superiores em relação ao Bioplant® para produção de mudas da espécie em estudo. Os resultados demonstraram que as mudas de copaíba comportaram-se de forma distinta em relação aos níveis de sombreamento avaliados, demonstrando possuírem grande plasticidade adaptativa.AbstractQuality of copaiba seedlings produced in two volumes of substrates and shading levels. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of two volumes of substrate and levels of shading on seedling quality of copaiba. The experiment was conducted for 130 days in a randomized block design in a 2 x 5 factorial scheme, we evaluated two volumes (180 e 280 cm³) of the five following substrates: Bioplant®, 70% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls, 40% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls + 30% coir, 50% vermiculite + 30% carbonized rice hulls + 20% sand and 70% vermiculite + 15% carbonized rice hulls + 15% vermicompost residue textiles. These ten combinations were randomly distributed in four blocks, accordingly to the following distinct brightness: 0, 30, 50 and 70 percentages of shading. The use of 180 cm³ substrate was enough to produce seedlings of copaiba with good development and quality index. The substrates 70V+30CA, 40V+30CA+30FC, 50V+30CA+20A, and 70V+15CA+15VC showed slight superiority over Bioplant® for seedlings of such species. The results revealed that the copaiba seedlings behaved differently in relation to shading levels evaluated, it demonstrates they have great adaptive plasticity.Keywords: Copaifera langsdorffii; production of seedlings; levels of brightness; containers.
3
Silva Araújo, Maria Elanne da, Mayara Leal de Negreiros, and Marilia Shibata. "BIOMETRIA, QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS, SUBSTRATOS E TEMPOS DE ARMAZENAMENTO DE SEMENTES DE PAU PRETO (Cenostigma tocantinum)." Nativa 10, no. 2 (June 9, 2022): 219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v10i2.13112.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivou-se analisar as características biométricas de frutos e sementes de Cenostigma tocantinum e a qualidade fisiológica em diferentes temperaturas, substratos e tempos de armazenamento. O comprimento, largura e espessura dos frutos e sementes foram mensurados e no teste de germinação utilizaram-se os substratos areia, papel e vermiculita nas temperaturas de 20, 25, 30 e 35 °C. As sementes foram armazenadas em refrigerador por 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias e, posteriormente, avaliadas pelo teste de germinação. Os frutos apresentaram comprimento de 9,76 cm, largura de 2,21 cm, espessura de 0,78 cm e 3 sementes por fruto. As sementes apresentaram 1,49 cm de comprimento, 1,34 cm de largura e 0,43 cm de espessura. Nas variáveis germinação, plântulas normais e IVG valores superiores foram observados a 25 °C nos substratos papel e vermiculita, 30 °C na vermiculita e 35 °C na areia. Durante o armazenamento, a germinação manteve-se estável até 30 dias com redução até os 120 dias de armazenamento. Conclui-se que as melhores condições para o processo germinativo das sementes de C. tocantinum foram papel à 25 ºC, vermiculita à 25 e 30 °C e areia à 35 °C. As sementes apresentaram perda precoce de viabilidade durante o armazenamento. Palavras-chave: conservação de sementes, morfometria, qualidade fisiológica, substrato, viabilidade. Biometry, physiological quality at different temperatures, substrates and storage times of pau preto seeds (Cenostigma tocantinum) ABSTRACT: The objective was to analyze the biometric characteristics of Cenostigma tocantinum fruits and seeds and the physiological quality at different temperatures, substrates and storage times. The length, width and thickness of the fruits and seeds were measured and, in the germination, test the substrates sand, paper and vermiculite were used at temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C. The seeds were stored in a refrigerator for 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 days and evaluated by the germination test. The fruits had a length of 9.76 cm, width of 2.21 cm, thickness of 0.78 cm and 3 seeds per fruit. The seeds were 1.49 cm length, 1.34 cm width and 0.43 cm thickness. In the germination, normal seedlings and GSI higher values were observed at 25 °C on paper and vermiculite substrates, 30 °C on vermiculite and 35 °C on sand. During storage, germination remained stable up to 30 days with a reduction up to 120 days of storage. It was concluded that the best conditions for the germination process of C. tocantinum seeds were paper at 25 °C, vermiculite at 25 and 30 °C and sand at 35 °C. The seeds showed early loss of viability during storage. Keywords: seed conservation; morphometry; physiological quality; substrate; viability.
4
Rickli, Helena Cristina, Antonio Carlos Nogueira, Henrique Soares Koehler, and Katia Christina Zuffellato-Ribas. "GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Vochysia bifalcata EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E TEMPERATURAS." FLORESTA 44, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v44i4.33688.
Full textAbstract:
Guaricica (Vochysia bifalcata) é uma espécie arbórea nativa do Brasil, presente na vegetação secundária da Floresta Ombrófila Densa dos estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais, sendo de grande importância na regeneração de áreas degradadas e para fins madeireiros. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de diferentes temperaturas (20, 25 e 30 °C) e substratos (rolo de papel, papel mata-borrão e vermiculita) na germinação de sementes de Vochysia bifalcata, as quais foram mantidas em germinadores sob luz constante. Foram realizadas avaliações diárias até o 20° dia após a semeadura, analisando-se as seguintes variáveis porcentagem de germinação, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e índice de sincronização. A temperatura de 25 °C, nos substratos papel mata-borrão e vermiculita apresentaram a maior germinação (70 e 73%, respectivamente) e maior índice de velocidade de germinação, porém com menor sincronismo. Assim, para o teste de germinação de guaricica, é recomendado o uso dos substratos papel mata-borrão ou vermiculita na temperatura de 25 °C.Palavras-chave: Vochysiaceae; guaricica; índice de sincronização; índice de velocidade de germinação. AbstractGermination of Vochysia bifalcata under different substrates and temperatures. Guaricica (Vochysia bifalcata) is a native Brazilian tree species, present in the secondary vegetation of the Ombrophilous Dense Forest in the States of Paraná, Santa Catarina, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, and Minas Gerais. It is of great importance in degraded areas regeneration and for timber production. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different temperatures (20, 25 and 30 ºC) and substrates (paper roll, blotting paper and vermiculite) during the germination of Vochysia bifalcata seeds. We conducted germination tests inside germination chambers under constant illumination. Until the 20th day after the installation, daily evaluations analyzed the following variables: germination percentage, germination speed index, average germination time, and synchronization index. The temperature of 25 °C in blotting paper and vermiculite substrate presented the highest germination (70 and 73%, respectively) and highest germination speed index, but with less synchronism. Therefore, it recommends use of blotting paper and vermiculite as substrates in a temperature of 25 ºC for the Vochysia bifalcata germination test.Keywords: Vochysiaceae; guaricica; index synchronization; germination speed index
5
Costa, Edilson, Letícia C. de Oliveira, Tiago L. do Espírito Santo, and Paulo A. M. Leal. "Production of baruzeiro seedling in different protected environments and substrates." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 4 (August 2012): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000400002.
Full textAbstract:
The high seedlings quality is essential for deployment of homogeneous orchards. This study evaluated the baruzeiro (Dipteryx alata Vog) seedlings formation on different substrates within protected environments. It was used substrates with100% of cattle manure; 100% of cassava stems; 100% of vermiculite; 50% of cattle manure + 50% of cassava stems; 50% of cattle manure + 50% of vermiculite; 50% of cassava stems + 50% of vermiculite; and + ⅓ of cattle manure + ⅓ of cassava stems + ⅓ of vermiculite. These substrates were tested in protected areas: greenhouse; black shade net of 50% shading; and aluminized thermo-reflective screen of 50% shading. A completely randomized experimental design with five replicates of four plants was adopted. Initially, data were submitted to analysis of individual variance of the substrates, in each environment of cultivation, then performing the evaluation of the residual mean square and the analysis of these environments together for comparison. The best substrate for baruzeiro seedlings was pure vermiculite. The substrates with 100% of manure and the substrate with 33.33% of the mixed studied materials can be used for seedlings formation. The environment with screen can be indicated for the production of baruzeiro seedlings, since it gave vigor to the seedlings.
6
Silva, Arthur P. da, Edilson Costa, Tiago L. do Espírito Santo, Luan E. da Silva, and Roberta F. Martins. "Coffee seedlings in different substrates and protected environments." Engenharia Agrícola 33, no. 4 (August 2013): 589–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162013000400001.
Full textAbstract:
The production of high-quality seedlings is a critical factor for successful implementation of a determined crop in the field. In order to evaluate the production of coffee seedlings, experiments were conducted with different substrates and in different protected environments. Treatments consisted of evaluation of the following substrates: 50% cattle manure + 50% commercial substrate, 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, 50% commercial substrate + 50% vermiculite, 1/3 cattle manure + 1/3 commercial substrate + 1/3 vermiculite, 50% cattle manure + 50% sand, 1/3 sand + 1/3 cattle manure + 1/3 commercial substrate and 50% commercial substrate + 50% sand. These substrates were tested in different protected environments: agricultural greenhouse, mesh screen with 50% shading, aluminized screen with 50% shading, black screen with 30% shading, black screen with 70% shading, nursery with a buriti straw roof and full sunlight. In each environment, the experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design with five replicates of four plants each followed by joint analysis. The substrates containing 50% cattle manure associated with vermiculite or the commercial substrate may be indicated for production of coffee seedlings. Screened environments with 30, 50 and 70% shading resulted in the highest quality seedlings.
7
Silva, Richardson B. G. da, Magali R. da Silva, and Danilo Simões. "Substrates and controlled-release fertilizations on the quality of eucalyptus cuttings." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 18, no. 11 (November 2014): 1124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v18n11p1124-1129.
Full textAbstract:
To produce cuttings with quality, the most appropriate nutritional management strategies should be sought to reduce wastage of fertilizer, while accounting for the characteristics of each substrate. This study evaluated the effect of substrates and doses of controlled-release fertilizer on the quality of Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden x Eucalyptus urophylla S. T. Blake cuttings. The substrates consisted of several mixtures: vermiculite+carbonized rice chaff+coconut fibre (1:1:1); vermiculite+coconut fibre (1:1); and vermiculite+carbonized rice chaff (1:1). These mixtures were added to 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg of controlled-release fertilizer per cubic meter of substrate. The substrates that do not support root development and have lower water retention, independently of the dose of controlled-release fertilizer, reduce the quality of the root system. For substrates with proper values of water retention, such as vermiculite+coconut fibre (1:1) and vermiculite+carbonised rice chaff+coconut fibre (1:1:1), the utilization of dose 2 kg of controlled-release fertilizer to each cubic meter is enough to promote cuttings with greater quality of the root systems and proper heights and stem diameters.
8
Nascimento, Augusto Vinicius de Souza, Ane Marcela das Chagas Mendonça, Joedna Alves Campos, Marlucia Cruz de Santana, and Paulo Augusto Almeida Santos. "Seed germination of Astronium urundeuva (M. Allemão) Engl. and Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan in different substrates." Colloquim Agrariae 18, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2022.v18.n1.a480.
Full textAbstract:
The present study evaluated the effect of different substrates on the germination and initial development of Astronium urundeuva and Anadenanthera colubrina. The substrates were: washed sand, vegetable soil, and vermiculite for A. urundeuva experiment; washed sand and vermiculite for A. colubrina experiment. The following variables were analyzed: percentage of emergence, emergence speed index, average emergence time, average emergence speed, synchronization index, first emergency count, and the relative frequency of emergence. For initial development, shoot and root length, number of leaves, and shoot, root and total dry mass were evaluated. The highest percentages of emergence for A. urundeuva (52%) and for A. colubrina (50.5%) were observed in vermiculite substrate. The use of vermiculite as substrate favored germination and initial development of A. urundeuva and A. colubrina.
9
Villa, Fabíola, Daniel Fernandes da Silva, Thiago Augusto Peron, and Éder Junior Mezzalira. "Initial development of Physalis seedlings in substrates and containers." Comunicata Scientiae 9, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v9i1.1313.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of Physalis peruviana and Physalis pubescens in containers and substrates, as well as the growth of transplanted P. pubescens seedlings into different containers and substrates. It was used for transplanting experiment (E1) plastic bags, disposable plastic glasses and plastic tubes containing four substrates: oxisol; commercial substrate; commercial substrate + fine washed sand; and commercial substrate + oxisol + fine washed sand. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E2) it was used polystyrene and polypropylene trays, both with 200 cells containing two substrates: vermiculite + commercial substrate and vermiculite + oxisol. For the experiment of containers x substrates (E3), it was used polystyrene trays with 128 and 200 cells and plastic tubes containing four substrates: commercial substrate, oxisol, fine washed sand, oxisol + fine washed sand and oxisol + fine washed sand + commercial substrate. The experimental design used in E1, E2 and E3 was randomized blocks in factorial 3x4, 2x2, and 3x5, respectively, containing 4 replicates and 10 plants per plot. The use of commercial substrate Húmus Fértil® for P. pubescens seedlings transplanted from seedbed to containers such as plastic glasses or plastic bags provides better seedling growth. For Physalis peruviana, better results are verified in the use of polypropylene tubes containing washed fine sand + commercial substrate Húmus Fértil® + oxisol or washed fine sand + oxisol. Better results for formation of P. pubescens seedlings were verified by using expanded polystyrene trays containing oxisol + vermiculite mixture.
10
Costa, Edilson, Taynara G. de Souza, Gleciane de L. Benteo, Katiane SS Benett, and Cleiton GS Benett. "Okra seedlings production in protected environment, testing substrates and producing fruits in field." Horticultura Brasileira 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 08–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-05362013000100002.
Full textAbstract:
The okra grows well in hot weather, finding favorable conditions for development in Brazil. We evaluated the production of okra seedlings and productivity. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, in Aquidauana. In the seedling phase we tested substrates (100% triturated cassava stems, 75% triturated cassava stems and 25% vermiculite, 50% triturated cassava stems and 50% vermiculite, 25% triturated cassava stems and 75% vermiculite and 100% vermiculite). These substrates were placed in two protected environments (nursery with black screen, 50% of shading, and aluminized screen, 50% of shading). Each environment was considered an experiment conducted in completely randomized design with eight replications. After that we realized joint analysis. In the field, a total of 10 treatments generated from combinations of environments and substrates (2 environments x 5 substrates) were distributed in a randomized block design with four replications. The average proportions of cassava stems and vermiculite may be suitable for okra seedlings. The results of shoot and total dry phytomass indicate that the aluminized screen can be recommended for okra seedlings production when the substrate with a 1:1 ratio is used. Seedlings grown on higher percentages of vermiculite anticipate production, while seedlings produced only in cassava stems tend to slow it down. The aluminized screen tends to increase the yield of okra seedlings. Average proportions of vermiculite and cassava stems for seedling production under aluminized screen, provide more fruits and yield of okra in Aquidauana.
11
Uliana, Marcelo Bortoli, Rubens Fey, Marlene Matos Malavasi, and Ubirajara Contro Malavasi. "PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Anadenanthera macrocarpa EM FUNÇÃO DE SUBSTRATOS ALTERNATIVOS E DA FREQUÊNCIA DE FERTIRRIGAÇÃO." FLORESTA 44, no. 2 (January 10, 2014): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v44i2.31412.
Full textAbstract:
Com o aumento da demanda de produtos da cana-de-açúcar, seu resíduo (bagaço), que possui baixo custo nas regiões produtoras e potencial de uso para produção de mudas, pode ser uma alternativa viável. Este ensaio objetivou quantificar o crescimento de mudas de angico-vermelho em função de substratos à base de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar decomposto e com diferentes intervalos de fertirrigação. O ensaio foi conduzido em um delineamento de blocos ao acaso e testou três frequências de fertirrigação (7, 14 e 21 dias), mais a testemunha (sem fertirrigação), e três substratos à base de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar decomposto com a adição de húmus, vermiculita, vermiculita e areia, e um substrato comercial isento de bagaço de cana (testemunha). As mensurações das mudas incluíram: altura, diâmetro do coleto, massa seca dos tecidos aéreos e radiculares aos 50, 80, 110 e 140 dias após a emergência. Os resultados indicaram maior desenvolvimento de mudas de angico-vermelho com o substrato bagaço de cana decomposto misturado com húmus na proporção 7:3 (v/v), enquanto as frequências de fertirrigação testadas pouco influenciaram o crescimento durante os períodos de avaliação.Palavras-chave: Viveiros florestais; morfometria de mudas; qualidade de mudas. AbstractSeedling production of Anadenanthera macrocarpa as a function of substrates and fertigation regimes. This essay evaluated the development of seedlings of Anadenanthera macrocarpa as a function of substrates made from decomposed sugarcane and fertigation frequency. The essay was conducted in a randomized block design with three fertigation frequencies (7, 14 or 21 days) plus a control (without fertigation) and three substrates from decomposed sugarcane mixed with humus, vermiculite, vermiculite and sand, and a commercial substrate (control). Measurements included seedling height, stem diameter, and shoot and root biomass at 50, 80, 110, and 140 days after seed emergence. The results revealed faster growth of Anadenanthera macrocarpa seedlings produced with decomposed sugarcane mixed with humus 7:3 (v/v), while fertigation frequency had little effect upon seedling growth.Keywords: Forest nurseries; seedling morphometry; seedling quality.
12
Sommer, Laura Reisdörfer, Samila Silva Camargo, Juliana Padilha da Silva, Mariana Larrondo Bicca, Zeni Fonseca Pinto Tomaz, and Marcia Wulff Schuch. "Substrates and indolbutyric acid in ex vitro rooting of blackberry and raspberry mini-cuttings." Agronomy Science and Biotechnology 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2016): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.33158/asb.2016v2i1p43.
Full textAbstract:
The objective of this work was to determine the most adequate substrate and indolbutyric acid (IBA) concentration for the ex vitro rooting of the “Xavante” and “Tupy” blackberry and the “Heritage” and “Fall Gold” raspberry mini-cuttings. Explants were transferred to a laminar flow chamber and placed in a MS nutrient medium, giving origin to mini-cuttings whose bases immersed in four different IAC concentrations (0 mg.L-1, 1000 mg.L-1, 2000 mg.L-1, 3000 mg.L-1). Next, they were placed in transparent and articulated Sampack® (10 x 13 x 20) plastic bags with two types of substrates (vermiculite and vermiculite + coconut fiber, in the proportion of 1:1 v/v). For the number of roots variable, vermiculite substrate associated with coconut fiber showed representative results for the Tupy cultivar. However, for the Heritage cultivar, satisfactory results were obtained for the same variable with vermiculite substrate. One point of maximum efficiency was observed with the 1800 mg.L-1 IBA concentration. Results showed that the ex vitro rooting of blackberry and raspberry mini-cuttings may be realized without immersion in an IBA solution. Therefore, the use of vermiculite associated with coconut fibber is the most recommended.
13
Zhang, Xiao Qian, Shu Biao Wu, Ying Hua Qu, Ren Jie Dong, and Chang Le Pang. "Use of Solid Digestate as a Growing Medium for Tomato Seedlings." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3001.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this investigation was to evaluate solid digestate as a growing substrate for plug seedlings. Four mediums prepared from solid digestate, vermiculite, perlite and activated carbon were used to determine optimum growing substrate for tomato seedlings (Zhongshu six). The substrate used in this study mixed as solid digestate: vermiculite: perlite: activated carbon were (m:m): 4:13:2:1, 8:9:2:1, 12:5:2:1 and 16:1:2:1, respectively. Besides, peat: vermiculite of 2:1 (v:v) was used as the control. Various seedling indices were measured to assess the quality of the substrates. Tomato seedlings grown in solid digestate: vermiculite: perlite: activated carbon of 16:1:2:1 (m:m) displayed the best quality compared with all the other treatments, due to a correct balance between the digestate nutrient supply and the physical properties provided by vermiculite, perlite and activated carbon. Solid digestate could be a potential alternative for plug seedlings.
14
Rickli-Horst, Helena Cristina, Manoela Mendes Duarte, Cacilda João Chirinzane, and Antonio Carlos Nogueira. "CARPOSEMINAL BIOMETRY AND GERMINATION OF Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart." FLORESTA 47, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 391. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v47i4.54128.
Full textAbstract:
Cabralea canjerana is a species that has ecological and economic importance for the Southern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the biometry of fruits and seeds as well as the C. canjerana germinative process submitted to different substrates and temperatures. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds were analyzed with the aid of digital caliper. In the germination test, the substrates blotting paper, sand and vermiculite, and the temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC were used. The germination percentage, mean germination rate (MGR), mean germination time (MGT), synchronization index (SI), fresh mass (FS) and dry mass (DM) of seedlings were assessed. The highest germination percentages occurred for vermiculite at three temperatures, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C. There was seedling formation in all treatments. The use of the sand substrate and the temperatures of 25 and 30 °C provided lower mean values of MGT and SI and higher mean values of MGR. The highest DM occurred with sand at the temperature of 20 ºC. The biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds varied. We recommend the use of vermiculite at temperatures of 20, 25 and 30 ºC, blotting paper at 25 °C and sand at 20 and 30 °C for germination tests.Keywords: Meliaceae, native species, germination potential, temperature, substrate. Resumo:Biometria carpo seminal e germinação de Cabralea canjerana (Vell.) Mart. Cabralea canjerana é uma espécie que possui importância ecológica e econômica para o Sul do Brasil. Este estudo objetivou caracterizar a biometria de frutos e sementes, assim como o processo germinativo de C. canjerana submetido a diferentes substratos e temperaturas. Analisaram-se as características biométricas de frutos e sementes com auxílio de paquímetro digital. No teste de germinação, foram utilizados os substratos papel mata-borrão, areia e vermiculita e as temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 ºC, avaliando-se a porcentagem de germinação, velocidade média de germinação (VMG), tempo médio de germinação (TMG), índice de sincronização (I), massa fresca (MF) e massa seca (MS) de plântulas. As maiores porcentagens de germinação ocorreram com vermiculita nas três temperaturas, papel mata-borrão a 25 °C e areia a 20 e 30 °C. Houve formação de plântulas em todos os tratamentos. O uso do substrato areia e das temperaturas de 25 e 30 ºC proporcionou menores médias de TMG e I e maiores médias de VMG. A maior MS ocorreu utilizando-se areia sob temperatura de 20 ºC. Ocorreu variação das características biométricas de frutos e sementes. Recomenda-se a utilização de vermiculita nas temperaturas de 20, 25 e 30 ºC, papel mata-borrão a 25 °C e areia a 20 e 30 °C para testes de germinação.Palavras-chave: Meliaceae, espécie nativa, potencial germinativo, temperatura, substrato.
15
Costa, Edilson, Roberta F. Martins, Tatiane A. C. Faria, Marçal H. A. Jorge, and Paulo A. M. Leal. "Seedlings of Acrocomia aculeata in diferent substrates and protected environments." Engenharia Agrícola 34, no. 3 (June 2014): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162014000300002.
Full textAbstract:
The seedling production stage is the key to achieve uniformity in tree breeding stage. This study evaluated "bocaiúva" (Acrocomia aculeata) seedling formation, with pre-germinated seeds in different substrates and protected environments, in the University of Mato Grosso do Sul State, Aquidauana, MS. As substrates, we used 100% cattle manure (M), 100% cassava branches (CB), 100% vermiculite (V), 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava branches, 50 % cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, 50% cassava branches + 50% vermiculite and ⅓ cattle manure + ⅓ cassava branches + ⅓ vermiculite. These substrates were tested in a greenhouse covered with 150 µm low density polyethylene (LDPE) film under thermo-reflective screen with 50% shading under film; black screen with 50% shading on the sides; black monofilament screen with 50% shading set on roof and sides; and aluminized thermo- reflective screen with 50% shading set on roof and sides. The completely randomized experimental design with 5 replications of 5 plants each was adopted. Initially, data were submitted to analysis of substrate individual variance in each growing environment, then performing the waste mean square evaluation and their environment joint analysis for comparison. The best growing environment is the thermo-reflective screen compared to LDPE greenhouse and black screen set. All substrates containing manure are recommended for bocaiúva seedlings formation. The pure cassava branch is not indicated for seedling, even using chemical fertilizer.
16
Bassaco, Marcos Vinícius, Antônio Carlos Nogueira, and Nelson Luis Cosmo. "AVALIAÇÃO DA GERMINAÇÃO EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS E SUBSTRATOS E MORFOLOGIA DO FRUTO, SEMENTE E PLÂNTULA DE Sebastiania brasiliensis." FLORESTA 44, no. 3 (February 10, 2014): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v44i3.32076.
Full textAbstract:
Em virtude da carência de trabalhos com sementes florestais nativas, este estudo objetivou conhecer as principais características morfológicas e germinativas de Sebastiania brasiliensis (Spreng.). Na descrição morfológica, foram observadas as características internas e externas dos frutos e sementes e o desenvolvimento inicial da plântula. Os testes de germinação foram realizados em dois substratos (areia e vermiculita) e sob três temperaturas (25 ºC, 30 ºC e 35 ºC). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, com cinco repetições, calculando-se a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e o tempo médio. No estudo da morfologia, observou-se que os frutos são do tipo cápsula com três cocas (uma semente/coca). A semente é endospérmica, a testa é do tipo glabra, possuindo uma coloração marrom com pequenas manchas claras. O embrião é axial, foliáceo e espatulado. As plântulas têm desenvolvimento fanerocotiledonar, epígeo, com cotilédones foliáceos fotossintetizantes. Nos testes de germinação, as sementes submetidas à temperatura de 30 ºC e em vermiculita germinaram 86%, com IVG de 7,05 e melhor tempo médio de 3,39 na temperatura de 25 ºC em substrato vermiculita. Conclui-se que a temperatura de 30 ºC no substrato vermiculita propiciou a melhor germinação, e a morfologia indica características típicas para o gênero.Palavras-chave: Branquilho-leiteiro; análise germinativa; caracterização morfológica. AbstractGermination evaluation in distinct temperatures and substrates, and morphology of fruit, seed and seedling of Sebastiania brasiliensis. Due the lack of surveys/researches regarding native forest seeds, this study aimed to identify the main morphological and germination features/patterns of Sebastiania brasiliensis (Spreng.). For the morphological description, it was observed the internal and external features of fruits and seeds and early seedling development. We tested germination in two substrates (sand and vermiculite) and three temperatures (25 ºC, 30 ºC and 35 ºC). The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial with five replications, aiming to calculate the percentage, rate index and average time of germination. The fruit is a capsule with three cokes (one seed per coke). The seed is endospermic; testa is glabrous, brown with small spots. The axial embryo is foliaceous and spatulate. Seedlings have phanerocotylar epigeal development with foliaceous photosynthetic cotyledons. Seeds planted in vermiculite under 30 ºC of temperature revealed the best germination (86%), and an IVG of 7.05; the best average time was 3.39 at 25 ºC in vermiculite. As conclusion, vermiculite with 30 ºC of temperature led to better germination, and the morphology indicates typical characteristics for the genus Sebastiania.Keywords: Branquilho-leiteiro; germination analysis; morphological characterization.
17
Pinto, Sheila Isabel do Carmo, and Marcelo Dumont Moura. "Enraizamento de estacas de mini-ixora (Ixora coccinea L. var. compacta) sob diferentes substratos e estimuladores de desenvolvimento radicular." ForScience 9, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): e00813. http://dx.doi.org/10.29069/forscience.2021v9n1.e813.
Full textAbstract:
A mini-ixora é uma planta ornamental propagada comercialmente por meio de estaquia e apreciada para uso em paisagismo. O enraizamento das estacas, no entanto, ocorre em baixa porcentagem, resultando em baixa produção de mudas nos viveiros. Visando otimizar a propagação vegetativa desta espécie, avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes estimuladores de desenvolvimento radicular e substratos sobre o enraizamento de estacas da mini-ixora. As estacas semi lenhosas com 10 cm de comprimento foram cultivadas em estufa climatizada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 6, sendo dois substratos (S1: 100% de areia lavada e S2: 50% de bagaço de cana + 50% de vermiculita) e seis estimuladores de enraizamento (água - testemunha; extrato de tiririca; hormônio comercial; AIB 1000 mg/L; AIB a 2000 mg/L e AIB a 4000 mg/L). Utilizaram-se quatro repetições e dez estacas por parcela experimental. Após 120 dias, foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros morfológicos: estacas enraizadas (%), mortalidade (%), comprimento do sistema radicular, qualidade do sistema radicular e número de brotos por estaca. A propagação vegetativa das estacas de mini-ixora utilizando como substrato a mistura de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar com vermiculita proporciona maior porcentagem de enraizamento, comprimento radicular e menor porcentagem de mortalidade das estacas. O cultivo das estacas de mini-ixora no substrato composto de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e vermiculita dispensa o uso de estimuladores de enraizamento para a obtenção de estacas com melhor qualidade do sistema radicular. Palavras-chave: Estaquia. AIB. Produção de mudas. Propagação vegetativa. Rooting of mini-ixora cuttings (Ixora coccinea l. var. compacta) under different substrates and stimulators of radicular development Abstract Mini-ixora is an ornamental plant commercially propagated by cuttings. It is a species appreciated for use in gardens. The rooting of the cuttings, however, occurs in a low percentage, which results in low production of plants. In order to optimize the vegetative propagation of this species was studied the effect of different stimulators and substrates on rooting of mini-ixora cuttings. Cuttings with 10 cm were grown under controlled conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a factorial scheme 2 x 6; two substrates (S1: 100% washed sand and S2: 50% sugarcane bagasse + 50% vermiculite) and six rooting stimulators (water; tiririca extract; commercial hormone; IBA 1000 mg/L; IAB 2000 mg/L and IBA 4000 mg/L). We used four replications and ten cuttings per experimental plot. After 120 days, we evaluated the following morphological parameters: percentage of rooted cuttings, percentage of mortality, length of the root system, root system quality and number of shoots per cutting. The vegetative propagation of the mini-ixora cuttings using as substrate a mixture of sugarcane bagasse with vermiculite provided the highest percentage of rooting, root length and lower percentage of mortality of the cuttings. The cultivation of mini-ixora cuttings on the substrate composed of sugarcane bagasse and vermiculite does not require the use of rooting stimulators to obtain cuttings with good quality of the root system. Keywords: Cuttings. IBA. Seedling production. Vegetative propagation.
18
Han, Lin Wei, Meng Xuan He, and Gang Wu. "Study on the Effect of Adding Substrates on the Quantitative Characteristics and Germination Dynamic of Soil Seed Banks." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 1254–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.1254.
Full textAbstract:
In order to study the effect of adding substrates on soil seed banks (SSBs) germination characteristics, vermiculite (inorganic substrates), rice husk char (organic substrates) and their mixed substrates were selected to be added to SSBs by different ratios. After the germination test, the results show that SSBs in different treatments present different germination characteristics. In this test, the nutrition of organic substrates is more important for promoting the rate of seeding emergence, while the inorganic substrates is better for greater density and seeding community diversity. T1(rice husk char: soil=1:9), T5(rice husk char: vermiculite: soil=2:1:7) and T4(vermiculite: soil=3:7) correspond the best promoting effect on these three aspects. Thus the substrates selection should be determined according to specific objectives during vegetation restoration. Mixed substrates combine the advantages of organic and inorganic substrates, which leads to comparative advantages in all aspects.
19
Costa, Edilson, Jaime CL Prado, Eliana D. Cardoso, and Flavio FS Binotti. "Substrate from vermiculite and cattle manure for ornamental pepper seedling production." Horticultura Brasileira 33, no. 2 (June 2015): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620150000200005.
Full textAbstract:
Substrates with a mixture of two or more materials have better conditions for root development of vegetables seedlings. This research aimed to evaluate the formation of ornamental pepper (cultivars Etna and Pyramid) seedlings in six different combinations between vermiculite (V) and cattle manure (M) (10%M + 90%V; 25%M + 75%V; 40%M + 60%V; 55%M + 45%V; 70%M + 30%V; 85%M + 15%V). The experiment was conducted at Universidade de Mato Grosso do Sul in a completely randomized design in a factorial scheme 6 x 2 (six substrates and two cultivars). The initial growth and emergence of ornamental pepper seedlings were evaluated. The highest amounts of vermiculite favored the emergence of pepper. The highest amounts of cattle manure in the substrate formed the best seedlings, especially the substrate with 30% vermiculite and 70% cattle manure. Cultivar Pirâmide showed more vigorous plants than Etna, being more suitable for the Cassilândia region. The most recommended substrate combination is composed of 30%V + 70%M for ornamental pepper, where the seedlings of the cultivar that best developed on the substrate was the Pirâmide.
20
Araújo, Ariana Veras de, Monalisa Alves Diniz da Silva, and André Pereira Freire Ferraz. "Germination and vigor of Encholirium spectabile seeds according to geographical region, substrate and sowing position." Research, Society and Development 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): e865986245. http://dx.doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i8.6245.
Full textAbstract:
Given the potential for commercial exploitation of E. spectabile and aiming to curb predatory extractivism, the development of researches that guide its cultivation becomes relevant. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different substrates and seed positions at sowing on the germination and vigor of seeds from two geographical regions. The experiment design was completely randomized in a 2 x 4 x 2 factorial design (seeds from two geographic regions: i.e., Serra Talhada-PE and Graça-CE, both in Brazil; four substrates: blotting paper, sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber: and two sowing positions: over and in between the substrate). Sowing on blotting paper, sand, vermiculite and coconut fiber, in general, was favorable to germination and germination speed index for seeds from both geographic regions. Sowing in between coconut fiber was detrimental to germination and root development regardless of the seed geographical region. However, sowing in between and over coconut fiber and in between sand favored shoot growth. The best combinations for dry matter production were sowing over paper and sand. The substrates blotting paper, sand, coconut fiber and vermiculite are favorable to E. spectabile seed germination regardless of geographic regions, provided that the sowing is made over the substrates.
21
Mayo-Prieto, Sara, Álvaro Rodríguez-González, Alicia Lorenzana, Santiago Gutiérrez, and Pedro A. Casquero. "Influence of Substrates in the Development of Bean and in Pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 15, 2020): 707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050707.
Full textAbstract:
The number of plants produced in horticultural substrates has increased over the last decade. These substrates are to have some physicochemical and phytosanitary characteristics that allow for optimal growth. Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn is one of the root and hypocotyl diseases that frequently develops in seedbeds causing severe economic losses worldwide. The aim of this work was to evaluate the substrates and additives used in bean plantlets and the R. solani disease severity. The use of vermiculite or peat did not affect bean germination percentage, but peat promoted the development of the aerial part and vermiculite improved the growth of the root system. R. solani reduced bean germination percentage and bean growth in both peat and vermiculite. The presence of additives (bentonite and/or cornmeal) in the substrates (vermiculite or peat) reduced bean germination and development, favouring the severity of R. solani. However, the addition of cornmeal improves bean dry weight of the aerial part. So, whenever it is necessary to add additives to the substrates to improve the installation and development of a biocontrol agent, such as Trichoderma harzianum, the mix of peat and cornmeal would improve the development of both bean and biocontrol agent.
22
Anjos, David Correia dos, Gabrielen De Maria Gomes Dias, Fernando Felipe Ferreyra Hernandez, and Josefa Diva Nogueira Diniz. "Regional Substrates of the Brazilian Northeast on Acclimatization and Development Morphological of Minirose." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 6 (May 6, 2018): 341. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n6p341.
Full textAbstract:
The transition from heterotrophism to autotrophism in acclimatization is a delicate process for most species. The objective of this work was to evaluate combinations of regional substrates of the Brazilian Northeast in the acclimatization and morphological development of minirose (Rosa chinensis ‘Minima’) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using seedlings with 30 days of in vitro culture. The treatments were constituted by: 1) dry coconut powder; 2) 75% dry coconut powder + 25% rice husk; 3) 50% dry coconut powder + 50% rice husk; 4) 75% dry coconut powder + 25% charcoal rice husk; 5) 50% dry coconut powder + 50% carbonized rice husk; 6) 100% vermiculite; 7) 50% vermiculite + 50% dry coconut powder; 8) commercial substrate; 9) 75% sand + 25% dry coconut powder and 10) 50% sand + 50% dry coconut powder. After 21 days, the following characteristics were evaluated: survival percentage, leaf number, shoot height, dry matter of shoot and root and total dry matter. The regional materials tested showed a good choice of substrates to be used in the acclimatization of minirose seedlings. The vermiculite presented the worst results in the characteristics evaluated. Dry coconut powder as substrate should be used in mixtures with other materials to provide better acclimatization conditions. The use of 50% dry coconut powder + 50% rice husk provided a best development and growth of minirose seedlings (Rosa chinensis ‘Minima’) than other tested substrates
23
Ferreira dos Santos, Patrick Luan, and Regina Maria Monteiro de Castilho. "Floriferous herbaceous and substrates for use on extensive green roofs." Ornamental Horticulture 24, no. 3 (October 9, 2018): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v24i3.1251.
Full textAbstract:
In general, extensive green roofs are defined as all cover covered with herbaceous vegetation and surface substratum, however, in Brazil there are few information regarding the materials for installation and maintenance of these systems, being essential the search for better species and substrates adapted to the tropical conditions. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the performance of floriferous herbaceous and substrates for use in extensive green roofs. The experiment was carried out in the field and in full sunlight, in black plastic containers (8.46 L and 15.5 cm high), elevated 90 cm from the ground, in a 3x2 factorial scheme. Being 3 herbaceous floriferous species (Torenia var. Kauai, Periwinkle var. Pacifica XP and Petunia var. Bacopa) and 2 substrates [S1-Charcoal + pine bark + peat + expanded vermiculite (1v:1v:1v:1v) and S2- Coconut fiber + carbonized rice husk + peat + expanded vermiculite (1v:1v:1v:1v)], with 3 replicates per treatment. It was evaluated in the substrates: pH, electrical conductivity, macro and microporosity, total porosity, density and water retention capacity. For the development of the species, 60 days after the experiment installation, were evaluated, chlorophyll content of leaves, number of flowers and vegetation surface temperature. It was observed that the substrate S2 presented the best results in the physico-chemical analyzes, and this possibly came to reflect on the performance of the species, and that Torenia when cultivated in this substrate had the highest chlorophyll content (42.67 SPAD). The number of flowers was statistically the same for Torenia and Periwinkle in both substrates, while the three floriferous herbaceous plants showed a decrease in surface temperature. Thus, it is recommended for use on extensive green roofs the substrate composed of coconut fiber + carbonized rice husk + peat + expanded vermiculite (1v:1v:1v:1v), and the floriferous herbaceous Torenia var. Kauai.
24
Blythe, Eugene K., Jeff L. Sibley, Ken M. Tilt, and Bertram Zinner. "Monolithic Slag as a Substrate for Rooting and Bare- Rooting Stem Cuttings." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.2.67.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Stem cuttings of Hydrangea paniculata Sieb., Rosa L. ‘Red Cascade’, Salvia leucantha Cav., and Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd ‘Roseo’ were inserted into six rooting substrates: monolithic slag, sand, perlite, vermiculite, Fafard 3B, or fine pine bark. Rooting, initial shoot growth, and ease of dislodging substrate particles from root systems upon bare-rooting by shaking and washing cuttings rooted in monolithic slag were compared to cuttings rooted in the five other substrates. Rooting percentage, number of primary roots per rooted cutting, and total root length per rooted cutting for cuttings rooted in monolithic slag were generally similar to the five other substrates. Particles of monolithic slag were dislodged more readily from root systems by shaking than were the other substrates. Gentle washing removed almost all particles of monolithic slag and sand from the root systems of all taxa and removed almost all particles of pine bark from all taxa except S. scutellarioides ‘Roseo’. Monolithic slag had a bulk density similar to sand, retained less water than the other substrates, and was similar to perlite, vermiculite, and pine bark in particle size distribution.
25
Pimentel, Nathalia, Dilson Antônio Bisognin, Paula Kielse, Kelen Haygert Lencina, and Uilian Stefanello Mello. "Shoot segment and substrate composition in rooting of juvenile ipe-roxo mini-cuttings." Ciência Rural 46, no. 6 (June 2016): 996–1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20140361.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the rooting capability of apical and nodal mini-cuttings of ipe-roxo ( Handroanthus heptaphyllus ) in different substrates. Shoots produced from mini-stumps were fractioned into mini-cuttings 2-cm long apical or nodal mini-cuttings and treated with 1000 mg L-1 of indolebutyric acid (IBA). Four substrate combinations were evaluated: commercial substrate composed of pine bark and vermiculite in proportions of 1:1, 2:1 and 1:2 (v /v) and commercial substrate, vermiculite and sand in the proportion of 1:1:1 (v/v). The factorial experiment utilized a completely random design, with five replicates of four mini-cuttings. Rooting, shooting and survival percentage, number and length of shoots and roots were evaluated at 60 and 90 days of growth. Commercial substrate and vermiculite are a good combination for rooting mini-cuttings of ipe-roxo. Apical and nodal mini-cuttings exhibit similar rooting behavior and both are feasible for production of ipe- roxo plantlets.
26
Dos Santos, Patrick Luan Ferreira, and Regina Maria Monteiro De Castilho. "Germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de girassol ornamental em substratos." Ornamental Horticulture 24, no. 4 (October 25, 2018): 303–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v24i4.1152.
Full textAbstract:
The ornamental sunflower is a growing crop in recent years due to its rapid return on investment and expressive representation in the flower market, and research on the ideal substrate for seedling production is essential to maximize information for the crop. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the germination and development of ornamental sunflower seedlings in different substrates compositions. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse, where they were put to germinate, seeds of sunflower type “Vincent’s Choice” in poliestileno trays on substrates with or without addition Slow Release Fertilizer (SRF) at the dose 2 g L-1. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 treatments [T1- Charcoal + pine bark + peat + expanded vermiculite (1:1:1:1), T2- Coconut fiber + carbonized rice hull + peat + expanded vermiculite (1:1:1:1), T3- Charcoal + pine bark + peat + expanded vermiculite (1:1:1:1) + SRF, T4- Coconut fiber + Carbonized rice hull + peat + expanded vermiculite (1:1:1:1) + SRF] with 8 replicates of 8 seeds, totaling 64 seeds per substrate. It was evaluated: the percentage, index and average germination time, chlorophyll content, length, fresh and dry mass of shoot and root. It was observed that there was no difference in the percentage of germination, but T2 and T4 promoted emergency in the lowest mean time (3.19 and 3.46 days, respectively) with a higher rate of velocity (2.43 and 2.25 respectively), still, T4 presented increments with more than 50% of fresh and dry mass. Thus, it is concluded that the T4 substrate is recommended for germination and development of ornamental sunflower type “Vicent’s Choice”.
27
Baron, Daniel, Gisela Ferreira, Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro, and Martha Maria Mischan. "Evaluation of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) Seedlings." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 2 (May 27, 2011): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011005000053.
Full textAbstract:
Choosing a substrate is the determinant factor for the seedling producer; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three treatments and five replicates of 72 seeds per plot. The treatments consisted of the following substrates: coconut fiber, vermiculite and Plantmax® Citrus. The number of emerged seedlings was weekly counted for 105 days. Data regarding seedling height were obtained, and the emergence velocity index and mean time, besides total emergence percentage and that over time were calculated. Results from total mean emergence percentage, seedling height, emergence velocity index (EVI), and mean emergence time (MET) were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey's test at 5% significance. The curves concerning the emergence percentage over time were fit by the logistic growth equation for each treatment and the means of each parameter (A, B, C) were compared by the Duncan's test at 5% significance. The substrates vermiculite led to the highest values of emergence percentage differing from the PlantMax® Citrus, but not of the coconut fiber, however the vermiculite promoted seedling height in a shorter time; therefore, this substrate is recommended for the initial development of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings.
28
Bozzolo, Arianna, and Michael R. Evans. "Efficacy of Cork Granulates as a Top Coat Substrate Component for Seed Germination as Compared to Vermiculite." HortTechnology 23, no. 1 (February 2013): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.1.114.
Full textAbstract:
A top coat is a lightweight substrate component used in seed germination. The seeds are typically placed on a substrate such as peat and then the seeds are covered with a layer of the top coating substrate. The top coat serves to maintain adequate moisture around the seeds and to exclude light. Vermiculite and cork granulates (1 mm) were used as top coat substrates for seed germination to determine if cork granulates could be successfully used as an alternative to vermiculite. The cork granulates had a bulk density of 0.16 g·cm−3, which was higher than that of vermiculite that had a bulk density of 0.12 g·cm−3. Cork granulates had an air-filled pore space of 22.7% (v/v), which was higher than vermiculite which was 13.2%. The water-holding capacity of vermiculite was 63.4% (v/v), which was higher than that of cork granulates that was 35.1%. Seeds of ‘Rutgers Select’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), ‘Dazzler Lilac Splash’ impatiens (Impatiens walleriana), ‘Orbital Cardinal Red’ geranium (Pelargonium ×hortorum), ‘Better Belle’ pepper (Capsicum annuum), and ‘Cooler Grape’ vinca (Catharanthus roseus) were placed on top of peat and covered with a 4-mm top coating of either vermiculite or cork granulates. For tomato, impatiens, and vinca, days to germination were similar between seeds germinated using vermiculite and granulated cork as a top coat. Days to germination of geranium and pepper were significantly different with geranium and pepper seeds coated with cork granulates germinating 0.7 and 1.5 days earlier than those coated with vermiculite. For tomato, impatiens, and geranium, the number of seeds germinating per plug tray was similar between the top coats. Number of seeds germinating per tray for pepper and vinca were significantly different. Pepper had an average of 2.8 more seeds germinating per tray, and vinca had an average of 2.4 more seeds germinating per tray if seeds were germinated using granulated cork vs. vermiculite. For all species, dry shoot and dry root weights were similar for seedlings germinated using cork and vermiculite top coats.
29
Johnson, C. N., D. J. Eakes, A. N. Wright, J. L. Sibley, and L. L. Bruner. "INFLUENCES OF SUBSTRATES ON ROOTING CLEMATIS SOCIALIS STEM CUTTINGS." HortScience 41, no. 3 (June 2006): 497D—497. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.3.497d.
Full textAbstract:
Clematis socialis Kral, commonly known as the Alabama Leatherflower, is an endangered species with only six known populations in northeast Alabama and northwest Georgia. Cutting propagation of the species will aid in establishing additional self-sustaining populations and provide genetic material for future hybridization and genetic preservation. Such research would also benefit growers, especially native nurseries, who wish to produce this species commercially for its ornamental value. Several experiments were performed to determine the effects of four non-amended substrates on root initiation, root growth, and survival of C. socialis stem cuttings. The four substrates tested included sand, perlite, vermiculite, and a 1 peat (P): 1 pine bark (PB): 1 sand (S) mix (by volume). Some of the best results in the preliminary experiments in 2000 were observed when 2 to 3 node cuttings kept under shade and treated with higher IBA/NAA concentrations were used. In 2004, there was a correlation between root growth and cutting survival and particle size of the substrates. Cuttings rooted in the finer-particle substrates sand and vermiculite had higher cutting survival, root growth, root number, and root quality than those rooted in perlite and the 1 P: 1 PB: 1 S mix. Sand, perlite and vermiculite consistently outperformed the 1 P: 1 PB: 1 S mix which had some of the lowest growth data means. Sand was among the highest performing substrates in all years and it is the most inexpensive and readily available making it the most logical substrate for rooting C. socialis stem cuttings.
30
Ribeiro, João Everthon da Silva, Arliston Pereira Leite, Jackson Silva Nóbrega, Edna Ursulino Alves, Riselane de Lucena Alcântara Bruno, and Manoel Bandeira de Albuquerque. "Temperatures and substrates for germination and vigor of Erythroxylum pauferrense Plowman seeds." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 41 (November 1, 2019): e46030. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v41i1.46030.
Full textAbstract:
Erythroxylum pauferrense is an endemic understory plant species of the Northeast Region of Brazil. The species is of great importance to the region and so ecophysiological studies are needed for its preservation. The objective of the present study was to determine the best substrates and temperatures for testing germination and seed vigor of E. pauferrense. An experiment was performed comprising a completely randomized design in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with five temperature regimes (20, 25, 30, 35°C constant and 20-30°C alternating) and four types of substrates (paper, vermiculite, sand and commercial substrate). The following characteristics were evaluated: germination percentage, first germination count, germination speed index, mean germination time, seedling length and dry mass (root and shoot). Paper and vermiculite substrates combined with constant temperatures of 20, 25, 30 and alternated between 20-30°C, provide greater seed germination and vigor while 35°C reduces seed physiological quality.
31
Rossetti, Cristina, Andreia Almeida, Nicolas da Conceição de Ávila, Natália Pedra Madruga, Adhlei Pires, Isabela da Rosa Bersch, and Lilian Vanussa Madruga de Tunes. "Germination test in carioca bean seeds chemically treated with the use of alternative substrates." Colloquim Agrariae 18, no. 1 (April 6, 2022): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2022.v18.n1.a476.
Full textAbstract:
The use of quality seeds is a key element for the success of carioca bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. To avoid or reduce various problems of importance to the crop, it facilitates the achievement of the cultivar's productive potential and the reduction of production costs. Thus, the objective of this work is to identify which conditions are suitable for evaluating germination in bean seeds using different substrates. The treatments were subjected to a temperature of 25 °C analyzing five substrates (germitest® paper; germitest® paper + sand; germitest® paper + soil; germitest® paper + charcoal and germitest® paper + vermiculite). The chemicals used were: Cruiser 350 FS, Fortenza 600 FS, Standak Top and Avicta complete. The most suitable substrate for installing the germination test in beans depends on the type of product and active ingredient of the seed treatment. Emphasizing the substrates germitest® + vermiculite and germitest®+soil, those that best performed positive characteristics when in contact with the chemical treatment.
32
Zhao, Pengfei, Jianfei Xing, Can Hu, Wensong Guo, Long Wang, Xiaowei He, Zhengxin Xu, and Xufeng Wang. "Feasibility of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy for Rapid Detection of Available Nitrogen in Vermiculite Substrates in Desert Facility Agriculture." Agriculture 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030411.
Full textAbstract:
Fast and precise estimation of the available nitrogen content in vermiculite substrates promotes prescription fertilization in desert facility agriculture. This study explored near-infrared spectroscopy for rapid detection of the available nitrogen content in vermiculite substrates in desert facility agriculture. The spectra of vermiculite matrices with different available nitrogen contents were collected through a self-assembled near-infrared spectrometer. Partial least squares expression (PLSR) established the available nitrogen spectrum prediction model optimized using different pretreatments. After pretreatment, the prediction model of the available nitrogen spectrum was simplified by adopting three feature extraction methods. A comprehensive comparison of the results of each prediction model showed that the prediction model combining the first derivative with SG smoothing pretreatment was the best. The correlation coefficients of the corresponding calibration and prediction sets were 0.9972 and 0.9968, respectively. The root mean square errors of the calibration and prediction sets were 149.98 and 159.65 mg/kg, respectively, with 12.57 RPD. These results provide a feasible method for rapidly detecting the available nitrogen content of vermiculite substrates in desert facility agriculture.
33
Johnson, C. N., D. J. Eakes, L. L. Bruner, A. N. Wright, and J. L. Sibley. "EFFECT OF SUBSTRATES ON ROOTING OF STEM CUTTINGS OF THE ENDANGERED SPECIES Clematis socialis." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 875d—875. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.875d.
Full textAbstract:
Clematis socialis Kral, also known as the Alabama Leatherflower, is an endangered species with only six known populations in northeast Alabama and northwest Georgia. Cutting propagation of the species would be beneficial for establishing additional self-sustaining populations and providing genetic material for future hybridization. A study conducted in 2000 and 2004 determined the effects of four nonamended substrates on root initiation and growth, as well as survival of C. socialis stem cuttings. Of the four substrates tested, including sand, perlite, vermiculite, and 1:1:1 (by volume) peat (P): pine bark (PB): sand (S), cutting survival was highest in sand in both 2000 and 2004. In 2000, sand also produced the longest roots and highest root quality. Vermiculite produced the longest and most roots and highest root quality in the 2004 study. In 2004, cuttings rooted in fine-particled substrates, such as sand and vermiculite, had higher cutting survival, root growth, root number, and root quality than those rooted in perlite and 1:1:1 (by volume) P:PB:S. The 1:1:1 P:PB:S substrate produced the lowest averages for all data collected in both the 2000 and 2004 studies. Sand was among the two highest performing media in both years, regardless of differences in IBA concentration, misting times, and environmental conditions, making it the overall best substrate for rooting C. socialis stem cuttings. Increasing the concentration of IBA in the rooting solution, providing a cooler environment, and decreasing the number and duration of misting cycles the cuttings received increased cutting survival, root length, root number, and root quality for all four substrates from 2000 to 2004.
34
Malcheva, Boyka. "MICROBIAL BIOMASS CARBON AND ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF CARBOHYDRATES BY APPLICATION OF VERMICULITE TO RECLAIMED SUBSTRATES." Proceedings of CBU in Natural Sciences and ICT 1 (November 16, 2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/pns.v1.120.
Full textAbstract:
A vegetation experiment was carried out with different amounts of vermiculite mixed with humus depot substrates, tailings pond and mine, in different proportions, and with an application of mineral fertilization and liming. Biomass carbon of microbial origin has the highest values after the addition of 10% vermiculite, simultaneous application of fertilization and liming, and alone fertilization, compared to controls, without ameliorants. The activity of the studied enzymes - cellulase, amylase, invertase and catalase increased with increasing concentration of vermiculite, as well as in the combined application of fertilization and liming. The values of microbial biomass carbon and enzymes are highest in the variants with substrates from the mine.
35
Barbosa-Andrade, C. L., F. J. Cividanes, S. T. S. Matos, and D. J. Andrade. "The life cycle of Neotropical ground beetle, Abaris basistriata (Coleoptera: Carabidae) reared on different substrates." Brazilian Journal of Biology 78, no. 3 (November 21, 2017): 457–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.169037.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Carabids are recognized worldwide as biological control agents of agricultural pests. The objective was to compare the life cycle of Abaris basistriata Chaudoir (Coleoptera: Carabidae) on three substrates: soil, fine vermiculite, or paper napkins. The biological cycle of A. basistriata presented different durations in soil and paper. The viability of eggs and larvae survival of the first and second instars were similar on all three substrates, while the third instar and pupa in the soil presented higher survival when compared with vermiculite and paper. The soil substrate was more favorable for the longevity of the carabid beetle. Abaris basistriata showed a shorter pre-oviposition period and a higher oviposition and post-oviposition period in the soil. Fecundity and fertility were higher when A. basistriata was reared on soil. The soil was most favorable substrate for rearing of A. basistriata in the laboratory. This information may make this species useful for the biological control.
36
BOBOC (OROS), Paula, Corina CATANA, Tincuta GOCAN, Gelu MOLDOVAN, Zsolt SZÉKELY-VARGA, and Maria CANTOR. "Influence of Culture Substrates and Biostimulators on Passiflora Rooting." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Horticulture 77, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-hort:2019.0013.
Full textAbstract:
Passiflora quadrangularis and Passiflora caerulea commonly known as passion flower are two voluble species appreciated for their impressive flowers and delicious fruits. The aim of the presented experiment was to compare the effect of different rooting substrates (vermiculite, peat+vermiculite, peat+pearlite, peat+sand) and biostimulators (Radistim-2; Incit-8, IBA 1000 ppm and control - untreated cuttings) on the rooting of stem cuttings from P. caerulea and P. quadrangularis. Stem cuttings of approximately 15 cm length were harvested from the medial portions of the shoots from mature plants. Regarding the rooting rate by species, it has been found that P.caerulea obtained a 79.78% cuttings rooting average compared to P. quadrangularis which had a rooting average of 74.57%. Vermiculite and the treatment with IBA 1000 ppm highly influence the length and number of roots. Establishing the most suitable measures for vegetative propagation by cuttings of Passiflora species studied could lead to the expansion of their culture in our country.
37
Pacheco, Mauro Vasconcelos, Vilmar Luciano Mattei, Valderez Pontes Matos, and Lucia Helena de Moura Sena. "Germination and vigor of Dimorphandra mollis benth. seeds under different temperatures and substrates." Revista Árvore 34, no. 2 (April 2010): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-67622010000200002.
Full textAbstract:
The Dimorphandra mollis Benth. - Caesalpiniaceae is a native forest species coming from the Cerrado and Caatinga due to its economical and ecological use, which justifies the studies on seed germination. In this work, germinative performance of D. mollis seeds were studied in different conditions of temperature regime and substrate. The experimental delineation used was completely randomized in factorial 4 x 4 (4 substrates -sand, coconut fiber, vermiculite and paper towel; and 4 temperatures: 25, 30, 35 and 20-30ºC), with four replications of 25 seeds each. The following parameters were evaluated: seed moisture content, final germination, first germination count, germination speed index, length and dry matter weight. The best germination and vigor is obtained at 30 and 35ºC. The substrates paper towel and vermiculite allow satisfactory germinative performance of seeds, being suitable to evaluate the physiological quality of D. mollis seeds.
38
Tonetto, Thaíse da Silva, Maristela Machado Araujo, Marlove Fátima Brião Muniz, Clair Walker, and Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti. "Storage and germination of seeds of Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Mart.) Mattos." Journal of Seed Science 37, no. 1 (April 2015): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v37n1141116.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to determine the substrate and the most suitable sowing method for germination, as well as the environment for storage of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds (ipê-roxo), and infer the health quality provided by different packaging. Experiment 1 has assessed the treatments (substrates - blotting paper, filter paper, vermiculite, sand, besides paper roll; and sowing methods - among and on the substrates). Experiment 2 has assessed storage in three environments (air conditioned room - 18 °C and 49% of relative humidity (RH); cold and wet chamber - 8 °C and 80% RH; and dry and cold chamber - 7.5 ºC and 55% RH) , for 300 days. Handroanthus heptaphyllus seed germination test can be performed using seeding among blotting paper, vermiculite, on sand, between sand, on vermiculite and between filter paper. The storage of the seeds in plastic bags kept in an air conditioned room and/or in a dry and cold chamber is suitable for the preservation of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds for a period of 300 days. The packaging in a dry and cold chamber environment has provided a lower incidence of fungi associated with the Handroanthus heptaphyllus seeds.
39
Secundino, Welington, Rodrigo Sobreira Alexandre, Edilson Romais Schmildt, Omar Schmildt, Kristhiano Chagas, and Helder Ivo Pandolf Marques. "Substrates on the cuttings rooting of black pepper genotypes." Comunicata Scientiae 9, no. 4 (January 4, 2019): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v9i4.2137.
Full textAbstract:
The soil in the production of clonal seedlings of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) contributes to fusarium and nematodes infestation in commercial crops, and thus the usage of alternative substrates might be a preventive control measure against these pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the rhizogenic behavior of the cultivars Bragantina, Iaçará and Guajarina of black pepper in different substrates. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a 3x4 factorial design (cultivars: Bragantina, Iaçará and Guajarina x substrates: soil + organic compound (18%), vermiculite, carbonized rice hulls and commercial substrate), with four replications of 16 cuttings each. The evaluated characteristics were: survival (%); rooting (basal or nodal) (%); nodal rooting (%); basal rooting (%); number of nodal roots; number of basal roots; total number of roots; length of the largest nodal root (cm); basal root length (cm); nodal root volume (cm3); basal root volume (cm3); Total root volume (cm3); nodal root dry mass (mg); basal root dry mass (mg) and the total root dry mass (mg). There are differences within black pepper cultivars as to the characteristics related to the root system. The vermiculite substrate was the most suitable, and carbonized rice hull is not recommended for the adventitious rooting of cuttings of cultivars Bragantina, Iaçará and Guajarina.
40
Oliveira, Ademir Kleber Morbeck, and Jose Carlos Pina. "SEED GERMINATION OF Pouteria torta (MART.) RADLK. SUBESP. torta IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS." FLORESTA 50, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v50i1.59051.
Full textAbstract:
Germination is considered a critical step in the seedling production process aiming the recovery of environments. Thus, understanding the germination behavior of native species with potential for economic use contributes to the development of the forest seed and seedling chain. Considering the limited information on the tree species Pouteria torta subesp. torta, this study aimed to evaluate its seed germination and formation of normal seedlings using different temperatures and substrates. The experiment was conducted in germination chamber in a research laboratory using two substrates (paper and vermiculite) and six temperatures (20, 25, 30, 35, 20-30 and 25-35 °C) in a completely randomized design in a 2x6 factorial arrangement. Daily evaluation was conducted to verify primary root emission, seed vigor, and seedling formation. The results indicated that the primary root protrusion process began after 20 days of testing under the best conditions, with germination time lasting longer than two months. The results obtained also showed that there was interaction between factors, with use of the vermiculite substrate and the temperatures of 35 and 25-35 °C producing the best germination rates and germination speed index, and use of the paper substrate and the temperatures of 30 and 35 °C showing the best mean germination time. Considering the analyzed variables (germination, germination speed index, and formation of normal seedlings), the temperatures of 35 and 25-35 °C and the vermiculite substrate are the most suitable for the production of Pouteria torta subesp. torta seedlings.
41
Ferriani, Aurea Portes, and Diones Krinski. "Propagation of pariparoba (Piperaceae) by different types of stem cuttings and substrates." Acta Biológica Catarinense 6, no. 3 (September 26, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v6i3.531.
Full textAbstract:
Piper cernuum Vell., a native species known as pariparoba, presents essential oil with potential properties and significant growth in clearings, being indicated for the recovery of degraded areas. Prospecting studies for new botanical matrices need the development of specific essays of plant propagation for future domestication of the species. This work aimed to evaluate the rooting of different types of cuttings using different substrates to develop a seedling production protocol. Stem cuttings with one or two nodes were installed on three types of substrates (medium sifted sand, vermiculite of medium granulometry and commercial substrate [Tropstrato HP®]) and maintained in greenhouse for 60 days to evaluation of the percentages of survival, mortality, sprouts, rooting, average number and average length of the roots. The results showed interaction between cutting types and substrates for rooting percentage and sprouting cuttings. The largest rooting percentages were observed in apical cuttings planted in sand and vermiculite (57.0 and 55.25%, respectively). Cuttings with two nodes presented higher performance than those with one node when compared for the analyzed variables.
42
Blythe, Eugene K., Jeff L. Sibley, and Ken M. Tilt. "(173) Monolithic Slag as a Substrate for Rooting and Production of Bare-root Cuttings." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1052A—1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1052a.
Full textAbstract:
Stem cuttings of Hydrangea paniculata Sieb., Rosa L. `Red Cascade', Salvia leucantha Cav., and Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd `Roseo' were inserted into six rooting substrates: monolithic slag [(MgFe)2Al4Si5O18], sand, perlite, vermiculite, Fafard 3B, or fine pine bark. Rooting, initial shoot growth, and ease of dislodging substrate particles from root systems upon bare-rooting by shaking and washing cuttings rooted in monolithic slag were compared to cuttings rooted in the five other substrates. Rooting percentage, number of primary roots per rooted cutting, and total root length per rooted cutting for cuttings rooted in monolithic slag were generally similar to the five other substrates. Particles of monolithic slag were dislodged more readily from root systems by shaking than were the other substrates. Gentle washing removed almost all particles of monolithic slag and sand from the root systems of all taxa and removed almost all particles of pine bark from all taxa except S. scutellarioides `Roseo'. Monolithic slag had a bulk density similar to sand, retained less water than the other substrates, and was similar to perlite, vermiculite, and pine bark in particle size distribution. Our studies indicate that monolithic slag, where regionally available, could provide a viable material for producing bare-root cuttings.
43
Hussain, Ibrar, Adriane Marinho de Assis, Lilian Yukari Yamamoto, Renata Koyama, and Sérgio Ruffo Roberto. "Indole butyric acid and substrates influence on multiplication of blackberry 'Xavante'." Ciência Rural 44, no. 10 (October 2014): 1761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131204.
Full textAbstract:
Blackberry is a shrubby plant specie which has a high economic importance among agriculture crops. Brazil is the major country of Latin America with the highest future scope for blackberries. For availability of good quality and maximum quantity of seedlings, the present study was carried out at the Universidade Estadual de Londrina,PR from January to March in 2013. The aim of the study was to evaluate the multiplication of blackberry 'Xavante' cuttings under different type of substrates treated with different levels of indole butyric acid (IBA). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with 2 factors, i.e., substrate (rice husk, vermiculite and coconut fiber) and IBA (0; 1,000; 2,000 and 3,000mg L-1), with 5 replications. Each replicate consisted of 10 cuttings. The variables studied were: cutting rooting, cutting survival, leaf retention, cuttings with new leaves, number of major roots, length of major roots and roots dry weight. Most of the variables were significantly affected by both substrate and IBA. Rice husk and vermiculite performed better than coconut fiber and provided the same results for most of the variables, while coconut fiber showed lower performance for all of the variables studied. IBA significantly affected the rooting and the number of major roots. It is concluded that for multiplication of blackberry 'Xavante', both rice husk and vermiculite can be used along 2,000mg L-1 of IBA
44
Sassaqui, Adriano Ribeiro, Tainara Ferreira da Silva Terena, and Edilson Costa. "Protected environments and substrates for production of genipap seedlings." Acta Amazonica 43, no. 2 (June 2013): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0044-59672013000200003.
Full textAbstract:
Genipap (Genipa americana L., Rubiaceae ) is a native Brazilian species and can be used in the recovery of degraded forest areas or for food supply. In order for the species to reach its potential, production of high quality seedlings is essential. The objective of this study was to evaluate genipap seedlings in protected environments and different substrates. The environments tested were: (1) a greenhouse with polyethylene film in the top, with aluminized screen (Aliminet®) of 50%-shading under this film, and lateral sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®), (2) a shaded hut, all sides covered with 50%-shading nylon net (Sombrite®), and (3) a nursery shelter, with all lateral sides uncovered and the roof covered with leaves of buriti (Mauritia flexuosa). In these environments the following substrates were tested: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage, 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde®, 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite, and 25% cattle manure + 25% vermiculite + 25% of cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®. Because there was no repetition of the growth environment, the effect of environment was examined using statistical procedures for analysis of combined experiments. Within environments a completely randomized design was used with five replications. All substrates are suitable for the formation of genipap seedlings, where the recommended substrates are: 50% cattle manure + 50% cassava foliage and 50% cattle manure + 50% Vida Verde® for the greenhouse and the substrates composed of 50% cattle manure + 50% vermiculite and 25% cattle manure + 25% cassava foliage + 25% Vida Verde®+ 25% vermiculite for the shaded hut. The buriti shelter is not recommended for production of genipap seedlings.
45
Silva, Abimael Gomes da, Edilson Costa, Talita Cristina Campos Pereira, Flávio Ferreira da Silva Binotti, Erivaldo José Scaloppi Junior, and Tiago Zoz. "Quality of rubber tree rootstock seedlings grown in protected environments and alternative substrates." Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy 42 (May 27, 2020): e43469. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actasciagron.v42i1.43469.
Full textAbstract:
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of Hevea brasiliensis seedlings, a GT1 clone, produced in protected environments in a variety of substrates. The treatments consisted of 13 substrates composed of combinations of cattle manure, soil from a ravine, medium vermiculite, superfine vermiculite and washed fine sand and two environments: a greenhouse with 50% shade using aluminized screen and a plant nursery with 50% shade using a Sombrite® screen. There were no replications of the environments; therefore, each one was considered an experiment. For each environment, a completely randomized experimental design with five replications was used to evaluate the substrates. Subsequently, the average squares of the residuals of individual variance analyses of these treatments (substrates) were evaluated, and because they did not exceed an approximate ratio of 7:1, a combined analysis of experiments was performed with Sisvar software. Two hundred eighty days after sowing, the dry weight, plant height, stem diameter, diameter at five centimeters above soil and the seedling quality indices were evaluated. Results indicated that substrates with a low amount of manure and sand and a high amount of vermiculite (S9 and S13) produced rubber tree seedlings of high-quality. The environment with greater radiation availability was better for the development of high-quality rubber tree seedlings.
46
Salles, Josiane S., Alexandre H. F. de Lima, Edilson Costa, Fábio Steiner, Bruna L. B. da Silva, Flávio F. da S. Binotti, Gustavo H. da C. Vieira, and Andreia F. G. O. de Souza. "Substrates and Protected Environments in the Formation of Mouriri elliptica Mart Seedlings." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 6 (May 15, 2019): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n6p281.
Full textAbstract:
The successful establishment of a forest restoration program depends of the seedling quality, and the choice of substrate and growing environment plays a significant role in the production of high-quality seedlings. A study was conducted to evaluate the production of croada seedlings (Mouriri elliptica Mart.) grown in thirteen substrate combinations and subjected to two production nurseries constructed with black shading screen (Sombrite®) and aluminized thermal-reflective screen (Aluminet®). The substrates were prepared from different proportions of bovine manure, soil, vermiculite, and sand. In each protected environment, the thirteen different substrate compositions were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replicates of the five seedlings each. Because there was no replication of the cultivation environments, the joint analysis was carried out, allowing the comparison of the environments in the factorial scheme 2 × 13 (two environments × thirteen substrates). Growth and quality of seedlings were measured at 188 days. Seedling production environment has no effect on the germination and emergence process of the seedlings, but the growth and quality of the seedlings can be improved when grown in the nursery with black shading screen. Substrates containing low proportion of bovine manure (from 10 to 30%) and high proportion of vermiculite (from 30 to 40%) resulted in high-quality croada seedlings.
47
Vinci, Giuliana, and Mattia Rapa. "Hydroponic cultivation: life cycle assessment of substrate choice." British Food Journal 121, no. 8 (August 5, 2019): 1801–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-02-2019-0112.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Nowadays, hydroponic cultivation represents a widely used agricultural methodology. The purpose of this paper is to study comparatively on hydroponic substrates. This study is highlighting the best substrate to be involved in hydroponic systems, considering its costs and its sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Seven substrates were evaluated: rock wool, perlite, vermiculite, peat, coconut fibres, bark and sand. Life cycle assessment (life cycle inventory, life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) and life cycle costing (LCC)) was applied to evaluate the environmental and economic impact. Through the results of the impacts, the carbon footprint of each substrate was calculated. Findings Perlite is the most impacting substrate, as highlighted by LCIA, followed by rock wool and vermiculite. The most sustainable ones, instead, are sand and bark. Sand has the lower carbon footprint (0.0121 kg CO2 eq.); instead, bark carbon footprint results in one of the highest (1.1197 kg CO2 eq.), while in the total impact analysis this substrate seems to be highly sustainable. Also for perlite the two results are in disagreement: it has a high total impact but very low carbon footprint (0.0209 kg CO2 eq.) compared to the other substrates. From the LCC analysis it appears that peat is the most expensive substrate (€6.67/1,000 cm3), while sand is the cheaper one (€0.26/1,000 cm3). Originality/value The LCA and carbon footprint methodologies were applied to a growing agriculture practice. This study has highlighted the economic and environmental sustainability of seven substrates examined. This analysis has shown that sand can be the best substrate to be involved in hydroponic systems by considering its costs and its sustainability.
48
Souza, Priscila F. de, Danielle C. F. S. Grazziotti, Paulo H. Grazziotti, Luiz A. Fernandes, Enilson de B. Silva, and Andrezza M. M. Gandini. "Growth of eucalyptus rooted cuttings in toxic organic waste compost of textile industry." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 19, no. 9 (September 2015): 829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v19n9p829-834.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTBiodegradation techniques may help contaminated organic wastes to become useful for plant production. The current study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of composting in the biodegradation of toxic residues from the textile industry and its use as substrate in saplings production. Cotton cloths contaminated with oil and grease, used in loom maintenance, were composted in a mixture with cattle manure. The composted material replaced coconut fiber in the substrate for the production of eucalyptus rooted cuttings: mixture of vermiculite, carbonized rice husk and coconut fiber in the ratio of 2:1:1 (v/v) and using it as control. Thus, the amount of rice husks remained unchanged and the amount of vermiculite and compost varied. The compost proportion in the tested substrates were 0, 19, 37, 56 and 75%. The compost produced from textile wastes showed high nutrient levels and low levels of heavy metals. In general, the survival, growth and some growth indices of rooted cuttings produced on substrates with 19 and 37% compost were similar to those of rooted cuttings grown in commercial substrate. Composting is efficient and the material is useful for rooted cuttings production.
49
Rodrigues, Daniele Brandstetter, Michele Carla Nadal, Samila Silva Camargo, Adriane Marinho de Assis, Márcia Wullf Schuch, Roberta Marins Nogueira Peil, and Ricardo Tadeu Faria. "Growth regulators and substrates for Oncidium baueri Lindl. micropropagation." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 37, no. 5 (October 26, 2016): 2901. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n5p2901.
Full textAbstract:
An adequate concentration of growth regulators as well as the replacement of agar by an alternative medium may be promising from practical and financial points of view to produce orchid plants by micropropagation. The objective of this work was to evaluate different concentrations of growth regulator and alternative substrates for agar replacement in culture medium for in vitro multiplication and rooting of Oncidium baueri. In the explant multiplication phase, two experimental factors were evaluated- various concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mg L-1) and substrates (agar, vermiculite, and coconut fiber) added to MS medium. In the rooting phase, different concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg L-1) were added to culture medium containing the same substrate. Six months after the experiments were initiated, the survival percentage, number of leaves, shoots, and roots and length of the aerial part and the major root were evaluated. The results suggested that addition of 1.0 mg L-1 BAP is necessary for the O. baueri in vitro multiplication phase, but IBA is not necessary in the rooting phase. For the substrate, vermiculite is not indicated as an agar replacement. In contrast, coconut fiber can be used in both multiplication and rooting phases of Oncidium baueri in vitro culture.
50
Kratz, Dagma, Ivar Wendling, Patrícia Pereira Pires, and Carlos André Stuepp. "PRODUÇÃO DE MUDAS DE ERVA-MATE POR MINIESTAQUIA EM SUBSTRATOS RENOVÁVEIS." FLORESTA 45, no. 3 (December 9, 2014): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v45i3.36531.
Full textAbstract:
Objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade técnica da utilização de casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC), fibra de coco (FC), vermiculita média (VM) e substrato comercial à base de casca de pínus semidecomposta (SC) como componentes para formulação de substratos para produção de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis por miniestaquia, bem como as respectivas propriedades físicas e químicas das composições formadas e sua relação com as variáveis biométricas das mudas. Para tanto, foram formulados nove substratos, os quais tiveram suas propriedades físicas e químicas analisadas. Nas miniestacas, avaliaram-se: 1) a sobrevivência, número de raízes e comprimento da maior raiz na saída da casa de vegetação aos 90 dias; e 2) a sobrevivência na saída da casa de sombra aos 105 dias e 135 dias. Os substratos avaliados não apresentaram diferenças quanto à sobrevivência aos 90, 105 e 135 dias, com médias de 75%, 62% e 59%, respectivamente. Para as características radiciais, os substratos com proporções balanceadas de fibra de coco e casca de arroz carbonizada propiciaram os melhores resultados. Todos os substratos testados mostraram-se favoráveis à produção de mudas de Ilex paraguariensis.AbstractYerba mate seedlings production by minicutting in renewable subtrates. We assess the technical viability of using carbonized rice husk (CAC), coconut fiber (CF), vermiculite (VM) and commercial substrate with semi-decomposed pine bark (SC) as components to formulate substrates for Ilex paraguariensis minicuttings production, as well as the physical and chemical properties of the formed compositions and its relation with biometric parameters of the formed plants. We formulated nine substrates, and analyzed their physical and chemical properties. In the minicuttings we evaluated: 1) survival, root number and length of roots in greenhouse at 90 days; 2) survival at the exit of shade house at 105 days and 135 days. The evaluated substrates showed no differences in survival at 90, 105 and 135 days, averaging 75%, 62% and 59%, respectively. For root characteristics, the substrates with balanced proportions of coconut fiber and carbonized rice hulls showed the best results. All evaluated substrates can be recommended for Ilex paraguariensis minicuttings production.Keywords: Cloning; adventitious rooting; Ilex paraguariensis; vegetative propagation.