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黃印武 and Yinwu Huang. "The logic of vernacular materials: the relationship of the vernacular materials of wood, earth, stone andlime in Shaxi's vernacular construction system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42182979.
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Huang, Yinwu. "The logic of vernacular materials the relationship of the vernacular materials of wood, earth, stone and lime in Shaxi's vernacular construction system /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42182979.
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Ying, Li. "Renovation of vernacular architecture in rural China." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406043.
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With the rapid progress of urbanization in China, a lot of villages face serious brain-drain. A serious problem of culture deterioration arises except in a few traditional villages. Most newly built rural homes are weak and unsafe due to a lack of professional support and building codes. Many large-scale rural reconstruction projects initiated by the government fail because of corruption and irresponsibility. The rural residents suffer from the lack of infrastructure and the quality of their homes.
Presently, there are a few grassroots, activists, architects, architectural critics, media and NGOs working for the renovation of Chinese vernacular architecture and rural settlement. Their works include architectural writing, installation artworks and projects in rural areas.
This paper is an attempt to propose sustainable approaches and alternative patterns to settle grounds for Chinese contemporary rural construction, regarding architecture, decorative arts, construction systems and user's organization for promotion, by investigating, analyzing and comparing theories and some represented samples of traditional villages, renovation projects and installation artworks from the standpoints of technology, sociology, politics, art, philosophy, history and sustainability.Con el rápido progreso de la urbanización en China, muchas aldeas se enfrentan a una seria fuga de cerebros. Existe un grave problema de deterioro de la cultura, excepto en algunas aldeas tradicionales. La mayoría de los hogares rurales de nueva construcción son frágiles e inseguros debido a la falta de apoyo profesional y códigos de construcción. Muchos proyectos de reconstrucción rural a gran escala iniciados por el gobierno fracasan debido a la corrupción y a la irresponsabilidad. Los residentes rurales sufren de la falta de infraestructuras y la baja calidad de sus hogares. En la actualidad, hay unas pocas personas de base, activistas, arquitectos, críticos arquitectónicos, medios de comunicación y ONGs que trabajan para la renovación de la arquitectura vernácula china y los asentamientos rurales. Sus obras incluyen teoría y crítica arquitectónica, instalaciones artísticas y proyectos en zonas rurales. Este trabajo es un intento de proponer enfoques sostenibles y modelos alternativos para sentar las bases de la construcción rural contemporánea china, con respecto a la arquitectura, las artes decorativas, los sistemas constructivos y la organización de los usuarios para la promoción. La investigación analiza y compara teorías y muestras representativas de aldeas tradicionales, Proyectos de renovación e instalaciones artísticas desde los puntos de vista de la tecnología, la sociología, la política, el arte, la filosofía, la historia y la sostenibilidad.
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Desai, Nitin. "Retrospecting vernacular : a journey into the timeless." CardinalScholar 1.0, 2009. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1499269.
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Access to abstract permanently restricted to Ball State community onlyHousing crisis in India -- What is vernacular? -- Vernacular as timeless -- Vernacular aesthetics : the legacy of craft -- Disengagement of vernacular from architectural practice in India -- Revisiting architectural academics -- Conclusion : applicability of vernacular studies -- Vernacular studies at Auroville Earth Institute, Auroville, India -- Low cost building technologies at Auroville Earth Institute, India -- Vernacular architecture : exemplary projects -- The joy of building.
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Accompanying CD-ROM contains additional copy of chapters 8-10.
Department of Architecture
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Koduveliparambil, Jacob Joseph. "Construction practices in traditional dwellings of Kerala, India." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ37246.pdf.
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Guo, Jing. "Freeform Rammed Earth Shell Construction." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491312964445038.
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Viar, Kristin D. "Rural vernacular building tradition: the design, construction, and use of springhouses in Montgomery County, Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41999.
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Hamard, Erwan. "Rediscovering of vernacular adaptative construction strategies for sustainable modern building : application to cob and rammed earth." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET011/document.
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L'utilisation de matériaux locaux, naturels et non transformés offre des solutions prometteuses de construction à faible impact environnemental. La grande variabilité spatiale de ces matériaux est cependant un obstacle à une utilisation à plus grande échelle. Les stratégies de construction développées par les anciens bâtisseurs ont été dictées par le climat local et la qualité ainsi que la quantité de matériaux de construction disponibles localement. Ces stratégies de construction peuvent être considérées comme une gestion optimisée des ressources locales, naturelles et variables et sont une source d'inspiration pour la construction durable moderne. Malheureusement, cette connaissance a été perdue dans les pays occidentaux au cours du 20ème siècle. La redécouverte des savoir-faire traditionnels requiert le développement de moyens rationnels d’analyse du patrimoine. Un autre problème concernant l'utilisation de matériaux de construction naturels et variables est leur conformité vis-à-vis de la réglementation du secteur du bâtiment. Le développement de procédures d’essais performantiels est proposé comme solution pour faciliter l'utilisation des techniques de construction en terre. Une approche multidisciplinaire est proposée, combinant micromorphologie, pédologie, géotechnique et étude du patrimoine pour analyser le bâti vernaculaire en terre. Cette approche fournit des outils complémentaires pour évaluer la source des matériaux de construction et identifier les caractéristiques géotechniques de la terre employées dans le patrimoine. Il fournit également une description détaillée des processus vernaculaires de construction. En utilisant ces résultats, il a été possible d'élaborer des cartes de ressources et d’estimer l’ordre de grandeur de la disponibilité des ressources à l'échelle d’une région. Deux procédures d’essais performantiels ont été proposées afin de tenir compte de la variabilité naturelle des terres dans le contexte réglementaire actuel. La construction en terre jouera un rôle important dans la construction durable du 21ème siècle si les acteurs du secteur adoptent des procédés de construction capables de répondre à la demande sociale, avec un faible impact environnemental et à un coût abordable. L'étude du patrimoine en terre a démontré la capacité des anciens bâtisseurs à innover afin de se conformer aux variations de la demande sociale et aux développements techniques. La construction en terre bénéficie d'un passé ancien et riche et il convient de tirer profit de ce retour d’expérience. L'analyse du patrimoine en terre et la redécouverte des techniques de construction vernaculaire est une source d'inspiration précieuse pour la construction contemporaine. La valorisation des connaissances vernaculaires permettra d’économiser du temps, de l'énergie et d'éviter de répéter les erreurs passées. L'avenir de la construction de la terre doit s’inscrire dans la continuité de la construction en terre vernaculaireThe use of local, natural and unprocessed materials offers promising low impact building solutions. The wide spatial variability of these materials is, however, an obstacle to a large-scale use. The construction strategies developed by past builders were dictated by the local climate and the quality and the amount of locally available construction materials. These construction strategies can be regarded as an optimized management of local, natural and variable resources and are a source of inspiration for modern sustainable building. Unfortunately, this knowledge was lost in Western countries during the 20th century. Vernacular earth construction know-how rediscovering requires the development of rational built heritage investigation means. Another issue regarding the use of natural and variable building material is their compliance with modern building regulation. The development of performance based testing procedures is proposed as a solution to facilitate the use of earth as a building material. A multidisciplinary approach is proposed, combining micromorphology, pedology, geotechnics and heritage disciplines to study vernacular earth heritage. It provides complementary tools to assess pedological sources of construction material and geotechnical characteristics of earth employed in vernacular earth heritage. It also provides a detailed description of the construction process of vernacular earth heritage. Using these results, it was possible to draw resource maps and provide a scale of magnitude of resource availability at regional scale. Two performance based testing procedures were proposed in order to take into account the natural variability of earth in a modern building context. Earth construction will play an important role in the modern sustainable building of the 21st century if the actors of the sector adopt earth construction processes able to meet social demand, with low environmental impact and at an affordable cost. The study of earth heritage demonstrated the ability of historical earth builders to innovate in order to comply with social demand variations and technical developments. Earth construction benefits of an old and rich past and it would be a non-sense to leave this past behind. The analysis of earth heritage and the rediscovering of vernacular construction techniques is a valuable source of inspiration for modern earth construction. The valorisation of vernacular knowledge will save time, energy and avoid repeating past mistakes. The future of earth construction should be a continuation of past vernacular earth construction
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Villanueva, Ponce Melita. "Arquitectura Vernácula en la Selva." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/650361.
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La arquitectura vernácula en la selva tiene mucho valor histórico, ya que son las primeras construcciones de los primeros pobladores que habitaron en esta zona del Perú.
En la región de Ucayali, las construcciones tradicionales están basadas en madera, bambú y hojas de palma, ya que son estos los materiales predominantes de la selva ucayalina. Así mismo, cabe recalcar que esta región era y es ocupada por la etnia Shipibo Conibo, quienes mantienen una cultura selvática con importancia a los dioses cósmicos, así también poseen mucha reverencia hacia la serpiente mítica el Yacumama. Pues, realizan ceremonias dirigido a estos personajes dentro de un ambiente con mucha importancia para estos, la cual es la maloca. Quien es una arquitectura de luz amplia con forma circular o rectangular y como concepto albergar a las principales autoridades de la etnia y/o todos los integrantes del grupo para realizar un evento; siendo este ambiente un espacio público.
Por otro lado, el sistema constructivo empleado en épocas iniciales para la región está siendo desvalorizadas por los mismos ciudadanos en la actualidad. Ya que, lo califican como construcciones precarias, sin valor y de poca duración; por lo que se puede deducir que esta arquitectura antigua está en extinción en la ciudad.
Por ese motivo se busca promover e incentivar; a través de arquitectura vernácula; a los ciudadanos, para que estos puedan usar materiales más accesibles y económico con un empleo de sistema constructivo reforzado, siendo la combinación de materiales industriales y naturales.Vernacular architecture in the jungle has a lot of historical value, since they are the first constructions of the first settlers that inhabit this area of Peru. In the Ucayali region, traditional buildings are based on wood, bamboo and palm leaves, since these are the predominant materials of the Ucayalina jungle. Likewise, it should be noted that this region was and is occupied by the Shipibo Conibo ethnic group, who have a jungle culture with importance to the cosmic gods, so we also have much reverence for the mythical serpent the Yacumama. Well, the ceremonies aimed at these characters in an environment that is very important for them, which is the maloca. Who is a wide light architecture with a circular or rectangular shape and as a concept to house the main authorities of the ethnic group and / or all the members of the group to carry out an event; this environment being a public space. On the other hand, the construction system used in early times for the region is currently being devalued by the same citizens. Since, what last as precarious constructions, without value and of short duration; so it can be deduced that this ancient architecture is in extinction in the city. For that reason it seeks to promote and encourage; through vernacular architecture; to citizens, so that they can use more accessible and economical materials with a use of reinforced construction system, being the combination of industrial and natural materials.
Trabajo de investigación
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Daher, Rania. "L’architecture en terre crue dans la vallée du Jourdain ; une filière en reconstruction…temporaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV003/document.
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Le but de ce travail de recherche est de démontrer que la ré-exploitation des matériaux locaux de construction dans la vallée du Jourdain, peut contribuer à une autonomie des communautés rurales palestiniennes. Pour ce faire, cette thèse questionne le développement de la filière terre dans ces territoires. Nous posons l’hypothèse qu’il existe un lien étroit entre les transformations de la société rurale, de sa structure économique et politique, et les transformations de la filière constructive en terre. ‘Trois temps’ de cette filière ont été relevés et ont permis de vérifier cette hypothèse. Le cas de la Palestine avant 1920, l’habitat en terre crue entre 1920 et 1970 et finalement la situation actuelle. Ces évolutions nous ont permis de comprendre que la ré-exploitation des matériaux locaux permet une véritable autonomie lorsque la filière est intégrée aux pratiques économiques et sociales en cours. Cette idée a été vérifiée par l’étude du contexte actuel où la filière est en reconstruction temporaire car déconnectée des pratiques sociales et économiques. Ce travail de recherche se divise en trois parties, à l’image de ces ‘trois temps’. La première détaille la relation entre la filière terre et la notion de développement durable pour faire le lien ensuite au cas de la Palestine avant 1920. La seconde précise le changement de valeurs qui s’est opéré entre 1920 et 1970 dans la société rurale et les transformations de l’habitat qui y sont liées. Enfin, la dernière partie tente d’évaluer la reconstruction de cette filière en détaillant le contexte politique et économique actuel pour le confronter ensuite aux actions des nouveaux acteurs sur le terrainThis research aims to demonstrate that the re-use of local building materials in the Jordan Valley can contribute to the autonomy of rural Palestinian communities. To achieve this, we question the evolution of the earthen building sector in these territories. We assume that there is a close link between the transformations of the rural society, its economic and political structure and the transformations that appeared in the earthen building sector. Three historical periods have been identified and have verified this hypothesis: the case of Palestine before 1920, the period between 1920 and 1970 and finally the current situation. Through these evolutions, we understood that the re-use of local materials allows real autonomy when the earthen building sector is integrated to the ongoing social and economic practices. This idea was verified by studying the current context where this building sector knows a temporary reconstruction. This research is divided into three parts. The first part details the relation that exists between earthen architecture and the concept of sustainable development; we will be explaining the case of Palestine before 1920. The second part specifies the changing values of rural society that have taken place between 1920 and 1970 and the transformations of the habitat linked to it. Finally, the last section attempts to assess the reconstruction of this building sector by detailing the current political and economic context and confronting it with the projects led by the “new actors” on the ground
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Zamudio, Reyes Rodrigo Enrique. "Escuela Ashaninka de uso comunitario." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625933.
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La escuela de la cosmovisión Ashaninka surge por una necesidad de la comunidad el Milagro para recuperar el conocimiento ancestral que se está perdiendo, como la textilería, la recolección y la curandería; donde la educación tradicional no recopila la importancia de estos saberes. Asimismo, el proyecto está diseñado para que la misma comunidad pueda construirlo y adaptarlo a sus necesidades.
El proyecto surge de la cosmovisión ashaninka, donde todas las partes pertenecen a un todo y actúan juntas de una manera armoniosa creando sistemas espaciales, en donde las actividades ancestales convergen con las educativas; sistemas ambientales, en donde se aprovechan las lluvias, rayos solares, los vientos y compost; y sistemas constructivos, en la cual se desarrolla una estructura modular flexible y adaptable para los diversos usos de la escuela. De esta manera, mejorar las técnicas constructivas tradicionales y los materiales como la madera y fibras vegetales.
Con ello propiciar una construir rápida y sencilla tomando en cuenta expresiones materiales y espaciales para estimular una cohesión educativa ancestral.The school of the Ashaninka Cosmovision arises from a need of the community “El Milagro” to recover the ancestral knowledge that is being lost, such as textiles, gathering and healing; where traditional education does not gather the importance of this knowledge. Also, the project is designed so that the community can build it and adapt it to their needs. The project arises from the Ashaninka Cosmovision, where all the parts belong to a whole unit and act together in a harmonious way creating spatial systems, where the ancestral activities converge with the educational ones; environmental systems, where rain, solar rays, winds and compost are used; and construction systems, in which a flexible and adaptable modular structure is developed for the different uses of the school. In this way, improve traditional construction techniques and materials such as wood and natural fibers. Therefore, design promote a quick and simple construction taking into account material and spatial expressions to stimulate ancestral educational cohesion.
Tesis
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Laureau, Vincent. "La ville et la terre, apprendre de Bamako : le cas de Bozobuguni, un quartier autoconstruit." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100018/document.
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La construction en terre devient un sujet d’actualité pour l’architecture contemporaine occidentale. En revanche, au Mali, le matériau terre est aujourd’hui délaissé. Ce paradoxe invite à porter notre attention sur le territoire malien, afin d’apprendre du terrain les implications du matériau terre, notamment à l’échelle urbaine. Au Mali, la ville en terre est aujourd’hui essentiellement synonyme de patrimoine figé. Il existe pourtant un secteur urbain bien vivant : l’urbanisation informelle, qui, stimulée par les énergies de survie, génère une dynamique spatiale spécifique. C’est à partir de cette réflexion générale que l’étude s’est resserrée sur un petit quartier informel essentiellement construit par des pêcheurs Bozo de la ville de Bamako, capitale du Mali. Le filtre employé pour analyser le terrain utilise la triade d’Henri Lefebvre : Temps, Espace, Energie. La posture du narrateur consiste ici à profiter du regard décalé du voyageur pour dévoiler ce qui renvoie à des questions universelles. Le statut d’étranger permet, en effet, de voir la réalité du terrain informel sous un jour nouveau. L’écriture opère ici comme un révélateur du terrain, elle élabore un « point de vue » qui modifie en profondeur les représentations urbaines. L’essence de cette recherche porte sur la mise en lumière d’une logique urbaine enfouie et dissimulée dans l’espace informel. Ce travail consiste à monter en théorie des processus qui font émerger une culture constructive et urbaine particulière au contexte du quartier. L’enseignement ainsi issu du terrain suggère un potentiel d’exploitation sur le lieu lui-même (valorisation), et sur d’autres contextes (déterritorialisation)Earth construction is becoming a popular topic in Western architecture, yet in the context of traditional Malian construction techniques earth has largely been abandoned. This paradox asks us to turn our attention to the reality on the ground in West Africa, in order to understand the implications of using earth as a building material, especially on an urban scale. Today the earthen city is essentially synonymous with cultural heritage, but there is one place where it is alive and well— informal urbanization. This sector is stimulated by the necessities of survival, which generate remarkable spatial dynamics. From this general observation, this study was narrowed to a small informal fishing district in the city of Bamako. The ultimate purpose of this research is to highlight an urban logic buried and hidden in informal space. This work consists in writing a theory of informal urbanization that is contextually and culturally specific, according to a "bottom-up" principle. The narrator takes advantage of the peculiar perspective of the traveler in order to shed light on more universal questions. Indeed, the position of the stranger allows us to see the reality of informal spaces in a new light. The act of writing makes explicit certain processes that animate the site; it develops a "point of view" that fundamentally changes urban representations. Lessons learned as well as derived from the field pave the way for certain vernacular principles to be reused on site. At the same time, such a vernacular theory allows us to transfer these principles to other sites by means of deterritorialization
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Lopes, Ferreira Thiago. "Architectures vernaculaires et processus de production contemporains : formation, expérimentation et construction dans une communauté rurale au Brésil." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH037/document.
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Ce travail de thèse propose d’examiner les relations entre les processus historiques de production des cultures constructives traditionnelles, les processus de production des technologies au cœur du système industriel capitaliste et les nouveaux processus de production de technologies - collectives, solidaires, conscientes et soutenables - dans la production de l’habitat rural brésilien, de façon à nous fournir des pistes sur le développement de processus embryonnaires de production de nouvelles « cultures constructives contemporaines ». Notre question principale cherche à analyser dans quelles circonstances les processus de production de « nouvelles technologies » se présentent comme alternatives au déterminisme historique du processus de production industriel/capitaliste, favorisant des mécanismes de développement local, au sein de communautés rurales, principalement dans la production de leur habitat. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons de tisser une réflexion sur les notions de cultures constructives, en cherchant à relever des éléments qui nous fournissent des supports pour mieux comprendre comment certaines sociétés ont pu produire des « technologies » à un moment historique précis, adaptées à leur propre contexte culturel et environnemental, que les gens se sont appropriées et qui ont évolué, étant de ce fait légitimées et reproduites par les générations successives. Dans un deuxième temps, nous traiterons de la mutation de ce processus en un nouveau modèle de production, désormais convenu et hégémonique, fondé sur la rationalisation technique des systèmes de production, l'accentuation de la division sociale du travail, la fragmentation et spécialisation des processus productifs, entre autres facteurs, et de ses conséquences et implications. Enfin, dans un troisième moment, nous essaierons de nourrir la réflexion existante qui cherche à favoriser de nouveaux processus de production de technologies, ne pouvant pas être simplement considérées ou développées en tant qu’alternatives, basées dans la négation ou l’opposition aux caractéristiques présentes dans les technologies dites “conventionnelles”, mais qui peuvent contenir des principes, valeurs et caractéristiques autrefois présents dans les cultures constructives traditionnelles. A partir du dialogue réflexif entre ces différentes mais complémentaires bases de recherche, nous analyserons quelques expériences réalisées dans des communautés rurales brésiliennes, en tissant des réflexions critiques sur les processus de production de leur habitatThis thesis takes as its analytical perspective the contemporary manifestations of vernacular architecture production and building cultures within the complex correlation of forces and interests that shape and determine the phenomena of capitalist production of popular housing.The analytic framework is delineated from a series of reflections of theoretical and conceptual order, in relation to the analysis of a popular housing building site within an agrarian reform rural settlement in Brazil. This assumes the form of a field school in loco on the building site and is projected as a stage for experiments and experiences, where the proposal is to combine pedagogy and production in the same space. The processes of knowledge formation and construction occur simultaneously and complementarily to practical achievements and development of technologies.This building site is thus transformed into a tool for the constitution of a dialectical space of social work, where the orientation of its productive experimenting is focused on the challenge of designing a house from the local generation of social technologies, through the use of natural materials and reuse of discarded resources. A theoretical work, presented in the initial of the thesis, provides the framework for this fieldwork, which feeds back our reflection on processes of production and development of new vernacular architectures, integrated into their territories
Esta tese possui como perspectiva de análise as manifestações contemporâneas de produção das arquiteturas vernáculas e culturas construtivas, dentro da complexa correlação de forças e interesses que formatam e determinam os fenômenos de produção capitalista das habitações populares. Seu contorno analítico está delineado a partir de uma série de reflexões de ordem teórico-conceituais relacionadas com as análises de um canteiro habitacional dentro de um assentamento rural de reforma agrária. Este, assume a forma de um canteiro-escola e se projeta como palco de experimentações e vivências, onde se propõe como prática o exercício de conjugar pedagogia e produção no mesmo espaço. Os processos de formação e construção dos conhecimentos ocorrem de maneira complementar e simultânea às realizações práticas e ao desenvolvimento das tecnologias. Tal canteiro se transforma, assim, em ferramenta para constituição de um espaço dialético de trabalho social, onde o experimentar produtivo está focado no desafio de conceber uma habitação a partir da geração local de tecnologias sociais, por meio do uso de materiais naturais e da reutilização de recursos descartados. O trabalho teórico, apresentado nas primeiras partes da tese, define o quadro de sua práxis, que por sua vez, realimenta a reflexão sobre os processos de produção e desenvolvimento de novas formas de arquiteturas vernáculas, integradas aos seus territórios
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Carabbio, Raffaele. "Semi-engineered earthquake-resistant structures: one-storey buildings made with Bhatar construction technique." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12584/.
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After the 2005 M7.6 Kashmir earthquake (Pakistan), field observations reported that several buildings manufactured with traditional techniques well resisted to this strong seismic event. Nonetheless, these techniques have never been deeply studied from a structural engineering point of view yet.
This thesis reports a full analytical study on the static and seismic behavior of simple one-storey buildings made with a typical construction technique commonly named as “Bhatar” system, used for several centuries and widely diffused in rather remote areas of the Himalayan regions like India, Nepal and Pakistan.
The Bhatar system consists of load-bearing walls made of common dry-stacked rubble stone masonry held together by horizontal wooden bands disposed at several levels (spaced at intervals of about 60 cm). It is widely adopted in developing countries due to its advantages from both economical and constructive point of view with respect to the conventional constructions techniques (i.e. brick masonry and concrete structures).
In the present work, analytical analyses are conducted with reference to a one-storey building modulus characterized by a 3.6 m x 3.6 m square plan covered by an heavy wooden roof with 20 cm thick earth coverage, in order to investigate its response under both gravity and seismic inertial loadings. In detail, in-plane and out-of-plane response of a single wall under horizontal actions is discussed and particular attention is focused on the connections between the timber elements, which are fundamental for the transmission of the horizontal actions and for preventing overturning and other failure mechanisms.
The main aim is twofold: (i) to provide a first insight into the actual seismic response of such construction technique, as a basis for the specific design of ad-hoc laboratory tests on full-scale models, and (ii) to give some rules of thumb for a proper dimensioning and construction of this kind of structures.
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Cabral, Maria Inês Rodrigues de Macedo. "A certificação ambiental de edifícios em Portugal. O caso da reabilitação da arquitectura vernácula em áreas protegidas." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2984.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Arquitectura, especialidade Tecnologias da ArquitecturaO impacte ambiental da construção e operação dos edifícios é hoje significativo. Para mitigar esse impacte surgiu o conceito de certificação ambiental de edifícios. Dos inúmeros sistemas que existem no mundo nenhum se especializou em áreas protegidas onde o ambiente é mais vulnerável. No caso de Portugal onde o território classificado é extenso (23%), e a arquitectura vernácula está muitas vezes associada aos parques naturais, procurou-se nesta tese perceber as sinergias entre a reabilitação do património nas AP`s, o turismo de natureza e a certificação ambiental. Depois de aplicado um sistema existente a dois estudos de caso, determinou-se que uma adaptação ao sistema usado seria necessária para responder aos requisitos específicos em causa. Assim o objectivo desta tese é criar um novo método de certificação especifico da reabilitação de edifícios vernáculos em áreas protegidas, para fins de turismo de natureza. A tese desenvolve-se em três partes: na primeira parte foi colocada a hipótese e feita a revisão da literatura sobre sistemas de certificação ambiental de edificios. Na segunda parte dois casos de estudo foram depois avaliados pelo sistema LiderA. Na terceira parte é apresentado um outro nível de certificação chamado CAAAP que deriva do LiderA onde a maioria dos critérios foram modificados ou complementados. Seguidamente os dois estudos de caso são analisados numa perspectiva CAAAP. A concretização deste sistema depende da elaboração de fichas de análise e ferramentas que serão alvo de futura investigação. Pretende-se que o sistema CAAAP seja aplicado por arquitectos em várias áreas protegidas onde deverá contribuir para o incentivo do mercado de reabilitação da arquitectura vernácula e em último caso do turismo sustentável.
The environmental impact of construction of buildings is now quite significant. In order to mitigate that impact a new concept was born and named environmental assessment of buildings. Of all the environmental building assessment systems there are in the world, none is specialized on protected areas where the environment is more sensitive. In Portugal, where 23% of the territory is classified and where vernacular architecture is well represented namely in natural parks, there is an opportunity to create sinergies between, rehabilitation, vernacular architecture, protected areas and nature tourism by using a building environmental assessment tool. After applying an existing environmental tool to two case studies, it was determined that an adaptation was needed in order to consider the specific requisites at stake. Therefore this thesis goal is to create a new environmental assessment tool for Portugal for the specific case of rehabilitation of vernacular architecture in protected areas and for sustainable tourism purposes. The thesis is divided in 3 parts: in the first one an hipothesis is stated and a literature review on certification tools is presented. In the second part two study cases are assessed by LiderA. In the third part another level of assessment called CAAAP (Environnmental assessment method for architecture in protected areas) is proposed that derives from LiderA. The tool was then applied to the case studies. It will be further developed and tested in the future. New complemetary tools and further research are also proposed. The ultimate goal is that the CAAAP tool will be applied by architects in several other protected areas, in order to promote sustainable rehabilitation and sustainable tourism.
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Korčáková, Alžběta. "Zhodnocení objektů Kurialova archivu na Uherskohradišťsku /rozšířené o památkově chráněné objekty/." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233263.
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The goal of this doctoral thesis is to map and evaluate the current situation of folk architecture in the region around the city of Uherské Hradiště on the example of selected villages. Later, these findings will be compared with the archive of prof. Antonin Kurial. The text has been extended to include currently listed buildings and output of this work is a new catalogue of buildings of folk architecture in the above mentioned region.
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Araújo, Ana Filipa Verol de. "Des-sub-urbanizar. O papel do arquitecto como mediador entre a cidade formal e a cidade informal." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Arquitectura de Lisboa, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/2929.
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Tese de Mestrado em ArquitecturaNesta breve reflexão proponho-me entender e dissertar sobre conceitos que me apoiarão no desenvolvimento do projecto final de mestrado, que se debruçará sobre o tema da habitação evolutiva no bairro da Cova da Moura. Este é um bairro informal que se desenvolve na periferia da cidade de Lisboa e apresenta características singulares evidenciadas na sua dimensão espácio-temporal, caracterizada por espaços complexos e diversos, com identidade cultural própria, dos quais a comunidade local se apropria vivendo-os harmoniosamente. A elevada densidade populacional, a prática da auto-construção e a espontaneidade da distribuição das actividades são, assim, pontos cruciais que criam uma imagem pouco usual do bairro e que define um gosto associado a uma estética singular, produto da arquitectura popular que se adapta às condições do local, promovendo a reciclagem urbana. Proponho, para concluir, que olhemos a cidade informal como exemplo potenciador de sociabilidades e que, ao invés de destruirmos o seu tecido urbano original submetendo-o a transformações urbanísticas que não favorecem a apropriação pela comunidade, estimulemos a contaminação da cidade formal por essas relações sócio espaciais que se desenvolvem na cidade informal. Penso que esta é uma solução ao alcance de todos que permite suturar a ruptura entre as partes e encher de vida a cidade.
In this brief discussion I propose to understand and develop concepts that will support the final draft of the Master, that will look into the issue of housing in the evolutionary neighborhood of Cova da Moura. This is an informal neighborhood that develops in the outskirts of Lisbon and has unique features in its spatial-temporal dimension, characterized by complex and diverse spaces, with its own cultural identity, of which the local community appropriates them harmoniously. The high population density, the practice of self-construction and spontaneity of the distribution of activities are crucial points that create an unusual image of the neighborhood and that defines a like associated with a unique aesthetic, a product of popular architecture that fits site conditions, promoting urban recycling. In conclusion, we look the informal city as an example of sociability and that instead of destroying the original urban tissue by subjecting it to urban transformations that do not favor ownership by the community, nurture the contamination of the city by these relationships developed in the informal city. This is an affordable solution that allows all suturing the rupture between the parties and fill the city with life.
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Rodriguez, Gonzalo. "Modélisation de la réponse de l'architecture au climat local." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR15226/document.
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Dans le contexte actuel de crise énergétique mondial, la consommation d'énergie et l'empreinte carbone, prennent une influence inévitable dés la conception architectonique,premier maillon du processus de construction. Les nouvelles contraintes associées aux accords internationaux tels que, le Sommet de Rio (1992), le protocole de Kyoto (1997) et,spécifiquement en France, le Grenelle Environnement (2007), diversifient le nombre des intervenants dans la conception architecturale, réservée traditionnellement aux architectes.La course pour diviser par deux la consommation énergétique des bâtiments (RT 2012),ainsi que lʼobjectif de diviser par quatre les émissions de gaz à effet serre à l'horizon 2050,mettent en péril la liberté du processus créatif architecturale. Des exigences si fortes dérivent vers des solutions techniques banalisantes et amènent à la standardisation et à la délocalisation des éléments architecturaux. L'objectif de cette recherche est de placer la démarche architectonique de nouveau au centre de la conception durable. Ceci devient possible en validant la performance de la forme de la maison en tant que réponse efficace face à des contraintes environnementales. Pour cela nous nous intéressons à la maison vernaculaire, toujours caractérisée par des formes simples et adaptées à leur contextes socioculturel et géo-climatique. Cet habitat, qui est le résultat d'une optimisation sur du long terme, est forcément durable. L'habitat vernaculaire est analysé ici à la recherche des motivations qui l'ont façonné. Pour cela sont considérés des circonstances géographiques et climatiques qui peuvent déterminer la forme de ces maisons. Nous estimons qu'il est possible d'obtenir de l'information sur l'environnement géoclimatique à partir de l'analyse de déterminants architectoniques visibles, et d'identifier des relations d'influence qui les lient. Ces relations d'influence sont modélisées suivant une approche qui s'appuie sur une représentation qualitative de la connaissance. L'établissement d'un modèle construit à partir de fonctions qualitatives, permet d'effectuer un raisonnement automatique, à partir de la connaissance recueillie sur l'environnement géo-climatique, pour établir les déterminants architectoniques visibles correspondants. Finalement l'outil proposé a une double vocation : permettre d'évaluer la performance de la forme des nouvelles constructions et structurer une démarche de conception d'habitations adaptées à un contexte localIn the context of the current energy crisis, energy consumption and the carbon trace have become a mayor influence in the architectonic conception, the first link in the construction process. Recent constrains associated with international agreements such as the Rio Summit (1992), the Kyoto Protocole and, specifically in France, Grenelle delʼEnvironnement Round Table (2007), have diversified the number of stakeholders in the architectural conception, traditionally reserved to architects. The race to reduce by hal fenergy consumption in buildings (RT 2012) as well as the goal to cut by four greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 (Grenelle de lʼEnvironnement), puts the architectural creative process in jeopardy. Such demanding requirements favor trivial technical solutions and encourage standardization and off shoring of architectural elements.This researchʼs purpose is to place the architectural approach at the center of the sustainable conception. This allows the validation of the performance of a houseʼs shape as an effective response to environmental constrains. For this, we have placed our interest in the vernacular house, usually characterized by simple forms and adapted to their sociocultural and geo-climatic context. This habitat, which has resulted from a long term optimization, is inevitably sustainable. The vernacular habitat is analyzed herein in the search of the motivations that have shaped it. In consequence, geographical and climate circumstances that could have determined the shape of houses have been considered. We claim that from the analysis of visible architectural features it is possible to obtain information on the geo-climatic environment as well as the influence relationships that connect them.These influence relationships are modeled following a qualitative approach supported by a qualitative representation of knowledge. The representation, based upon qualitative functions, enables automatic reasoning, starting from gathered awareness of geo-climatic environment, for establishing corresponding architectural features. Finally, the modeled result both allows the evaluation of the form of new houses and assist the conception of houses adapted to their local context
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Teixeira, Josemar Alberto da Silva dos Santos. "Arquitectura vernacular da Cidade Velha - Casos de estudo." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/27839.
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A presente dissertação visa adquirir e aprofundar conhecimentos teóricos das antigas técnicas
e materiais, utilizadas pelos remotos construtores, da arquitetura vernacular em Cabo Verde,
especificamente, Cidade Velha, em memória da conservação do seu conjunto arquitetónico.
Considerou-se indispensável o uso de materiais naturais, como um dos elementos principais da
arquitectura vernacular para o estudo das casas mais características da Cidade Velha, antes da
introdução de cimento e os seus derivados: betão; bloco de cimento e ainda outros materiais
compostos pré-fabricados.
Depois de aplicados os questionários do Inquérito elaborado para tal, pôde confirmar-se que as
reabilitações das arquiteturas vernaculares não têm correspondido às recomendações e objetivos
da UNESCO/IPC/CMRGS.
Foram observadas as características das casas vernaculares e as influências de novos materiais
contemporâneos, que participam da transformação/destruição sistemática das habitações originais.
Nas considerações finais partilhou-se uma solução urbanística através da CMRG, respeitando
as “Guias de Normas Urbanísticas da Cidade Velha”, publicada em 04/04/2019; .
Abstract: Vernacular Architecture of the Cidade Velha - Study cases The present dissertation intends to acquire and deepen theoretical and practical knowledge of
the ancient techniques and materials used by remote builders of vernacular architecture in Cape
Verde. Specifically, Cidade Velha, in memory of the conservation of its vernacular architectural
set. It was considered indispensable the use of natural materials, as one of the main elements of
vernacular architecture for the study of the most characteristic houses of Cidade Velha, before the
introduction of cement and its derivatives.
After applying the Survey questionnaires prepared for this purpose, it was confirmed that the
rehabilitations of the Cidade Velha’s vernacular architectures has not met the recommendations
and objectives of UNESCO / IPC / CMRGS.
The characteristics of the vernacular houses and the influences of new contemporary materials
that participate in the systematic transformation / destruction of the original dwellings were
observed.
In the final considerations, an urban solution was shared through the CMRG, respecting the
“Cidade Velha Urbanization Guidelines”, published on 04/04/2019.
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Gansach, Ada. "Social constructions : a comparative study of architectures in the high Himalaya of North West Nepal; Lessons from : Nyimathang, Humla District - Togkhyu, Dolpo District - Braga, Manang District." Thesis, Open University, 1999. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323623.
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Iglesias, Ponce de León María Josefa. "L'ardoise en Espagne : histoire et économie : un témoin de changements socio-culturels." Rennes 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996REN20001.
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A partir de ses connaissances des ressources naturelles minérales de la péninsule libérique, l'auteur tente de mettre la géologie au service d'autres disciplines telles que la linguistique, l'économie, l'architecture populaire ou monumentale, ou l'histoire de l'utilisation de ce matériau en Espagne depuis la préhistoire jusqu'à nos jours. Ainsi, il est montré comment l'association de la toponymie et de la géologie est un élément à prendre en compte pour avancer dans les recherches linguistiques qui concernent les termes ayant trait a des formes de relief ou a la nature du sol. Si ce matériau entre dans la panoplie des ressources minérales utilisées par l'homme à partir de la fin du néolithique, ce n'est qu'à partir du siècle que l'usage sur les couvertures s'étend dans les contrées ardoisières de l'Espagne sous l'influence romaine. Le premier édifice couvert avec ce matériau en péninsule libérique est mis en évidence en Galice. Un modèle d'utilisation de l'ardoise dans l'architecture populaire est proposé ; il tient compte des contraintes climatologiques orographiques et géologiques. Les caractéristiques de cette architecture sont définies, faisant apparaître les éléments spécifiques et les invariants. L'utilisation de l'ardoise dans l'architecture monumentale en dehors des zones de production est également analysée, et le rôle de Philippe II pour l'introduction en Espagne de ce matériau de construction est mis en évidence. Les contraintes économiques qui permettent l'utilisation de l'ardoise dans les sites royaux apparaissent : la rareté de la ressource, les difficultés de transport et la rareté des artisans couvreurs. Les ressources géologiques, la production et le marché sont analysés ensuite. L'histoire de la production de l'ardoise est divisée en deux périodes, fondées sur l'évolution de son mode de production : la période pré-industrielle et la période industrielle, la limite étant située en 1968, date de construction du premier atelier industriel en Galice ; à son tour la période pré-industrielle est subdivisée en pré-artisanale et artisanale, la limite étant située en 1559, date d'arrivée en Espagne des premiers artisans travaillant pour Philippe IIThe author uses his knowledge of geology to throw light on linguistic, architectural and economics aspects of the state industry in Spain. This approach also includes an archaeological and historical study of the uses of state. The relationship between geology and toponymy are analysed. Is only from the 1st. Century a. D. Onwards that the use for roofing begant to extend, under roman influence, across the state-bearing areas of Spain. Vestiges of the first building in the liberian peninsula to be covered by slate are identified in Galicia. A model is proposed to splain the utilisation of slate in popular architecture which takes account of the climatological, orographic and geological constraints. The use of slate in monumental architecture is also analysed in areas outside the slate-producing regions, and king Philip II is shown to have played a role in the introduction of this construction material to Spain. The economics constrains which controlled the use of slate in royal buildings appear to have been scarcity of the resource, the difficulties of transport and the shortage of skilled slaters. -An analysis is presented of the geological resources, the economic production base and the market. The history of slate production is subdivised into two periods based on the mode of working. The limit between the pre-industrial and the industrial periods is placed at 1968, being the date of construction of the first industrial plant in Galicia. The pre-industrial period is itself subdivided into the pre-artisanal ad artisanal phases, the limit being situated in 1559 with the arrival of the first craftsmen working for Philip II. The explosive growth of slate production, being a consequence of an spanding external market, now places Spain in the forefront of producer countries. As a result, this has led to a decline of the traditional slate industries in european countries. In conclusion, the uses of slate over two thousand years bear witness to the social and cultural history of Spain
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Mullane, Fidelma. "La cabane revisitée : réhabilitation de l'architecture vernaculaire irlandaise (XVIIe-XIXe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040200.
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Tout au long de l’histoire coloniale, les habitations des classes irlandaises les plus modestes, les cabanes, furent décrites par les étrangers, Anglais pour la plupart, comme étant des constructions plus que médiocres, preuves de la nature « sauvage » et « barbare » des indigènes. Le caractère enfumé, le toit de chaume, le tas de fumier, et la cohabitation entre humains et animaux, ont été interprétés à partir de préjugés et de stéréotypes raciaux et non pas explicités en tant qu’expressions de conditions économiques, sociales, politiques ou environnementales. La thèse démontre que ces techniques vernaculaires observées au sein des habitations et autres constructions, telles que, l'enfumage et l'imprégnation de suie au niveau des murs en tourbe et des toits, avaient une raison d’être : ces pratiques étaient destinées à créer des matériaux capables d’enrichir le sol. La façon dont les matériaux étaient utilisés, le savoir-faire et la qualité de la transmission, désignés dans cette thèse sous le terme de « métis », ne fait que mettre en valeur la sagesse des autochtones capables de susciter des stratégies nécessaires à la survie. La réorientation des modèles architecturaux vernaculaires permettra d’établir une nouvelle définition de la construction traditionnelle pour aboutir à une approche reconfigurée et plus inclusive ainsi qu'à une meilleure compréhension de ses dimensions historiques et ethnographiques. Cette reconfiguration des études interdisciplinaires, ouverte aux différents paradigmes, inclurait la sagesse de la tradition. Ceci changerait la manière dont l’architecture vernaculaire pourrait être étudiée, gérée et réévaluéeTaking the Irish cabin as object, this thesis deconstructs the outsider accounts and their contribution to a negative interpretation of such, particularly within the context of postcolonial scholarly literature. Such outsider accounts have an added significance in scholarship in so far as they retained a strict uniformity even while other formal studies changed perspective. This reveals certain ideological assumptions which are examined. The collision between the imposition of a dominating knowledge and practices drawn from indigenous wisdom is examined through the prism of descriptions and interpretations of materials and labour in specific ecological and economic contexts. A case study in the Claddagh village in the West of Ireland examines these contradictions in detail. The survival of such outsider accounts has had its consequence in contemporary constructions as to the meaning and function of the vernacular house. The recovery of the Irish cabin as an object of study within vernacular architecture must be achieved within a context of examining clearance, changes in housing and the major restructuring of economy and society occasioned by the Great Famine. The recovery of a proper account of their function as perceived by those who lived in such habitations in the rural economy is central to this thesis
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Létourneau, Marie-Claude. "Penser l'espace en philosophie de l’éducation : l'exemple de l'architecture scolaire." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69509.
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L’architecture scolaire au Québec est un domaine en plein essor : les nombreuses recherches récentes et les budgets ministériels s’y consacrant en font état. Malheureusement, les réflexions philosophiques d’envergure alliant espace et éducation demeurent à ce jour à constituer. Cela, malgré des besoins d’analyse criants, en raison des défis sociétaux, culturels, sociaux et éthiques portés par l’école et son espace. Notre objectif est donc de documenter le sujet dans une perspective philosophique, afin de préciser les éléments sur lesquels la réflexion liée à l’architecture scolaire doit s’appuyer. Pour ce faire, nous considérons certains encadrements ministériels, soit les compétences professionnelles, les obligations des enseignants et les missions de l’école. Afin de structurer un sujet vaste et pour l’instant « squelettique », nous avons choisi d’organiser notre propos à l’aide de quatre niveaux d’espace (de même qu’un type d’espace supplémentaire). Le premier niveau, l’espace conçu, a une fonction herméneutique : l’espace scolaire doit contenir des éléments significatifs, intégrés dès la conception architecturale de bâtiments « logogéniques ». Ce niveau d’espace contient également des impératifs éthiques : les préoccupations environnementales doivent enjoindre à la création d’espaces durables, qui procèdent d’une architecture située, « ménageant » le site et respectant l’écoumène. Le recours à une forme d’architecture vernaculaire, qui implique les habitants dans le processus de création, permet un nouage favorisant la collaboration, cruciale entre l’architecte et les différents acteurs (enseignants, élèves, familles, communauté, etc.). Cette proximité permet d’envisager l’architecte comme pédagogue, par son implication face aux compétences professionnelles ciblées (culturelle et éthique). Le deuxième niveau, l’espace représenté, concerne la constitution de la topogenèse, qui implique le corps, mais aussi une représentation occidentale tristement généralisée. Ce phénomène nécessite une décentration qui permet « d’appréhender » l’espace scolaire grâce à des éléments permettant de le libérer, soit le langage et le jeu. Cela nous encourage à proposer une forme de « nomadisme pédagogique », c’est-à-dire la présence de pratiques plus informelles et dynamiques. Le troisième niveau, l’espace vécu, s’appuie sur des distinctions bergsoniennes opposant la vision mathématique de l’espace à la notion de lieu. Cela nous permet de rendre compte de l’aspect qualitatif du lieu qu’est l’école, concourant au respect des sept obligations des enseignants, de même que des trois missions de l’école québécoise. Ce lieu, ni tout à fait privé, ni tout à fait public, doit être entrevu comme espace de socialisation. Le quatrième niveau, l’espace habité, vise les déterminations humaines fondamentalement ontologiques. Ce plus haut niveau d’espace est rendu possible par la faculté d’intuition, qui implique un rapport d’immédiateté à l’espace. L’aspect esthétique inspiré de Hölderlin, pour qui « l’homme habite en poète », nous permet de proposer l’école comme œuvre d’art, par transposition des quatre qualités de l’œuvre musicale, à savoir : la beauté, la pérennité, l’enseignement et la sincérité. Le dernier type d’espace présenté s’adjoint aux quatre niveaux proposés : il s’agit d’un espace partiellement transversal. Il est constitué par l’espace vicarial (non-lieu), qui engendre la déterritorialisation de l’école. Il importe donc que l’on prenne conscience des spécificités de l’espace scolaire, à savoir notamment la dimension critique, qui ne peut être accomplie par cet espace virtuel.School architecture in Quebec is a soaring field: several recent researches and large governmental budgets can confirm it. Unfortunately, the major philosophical reflection needed about space and education still remain to be constituted. This, considering its possible societal, cultural, social and ethical impacts. My purpose is to document the subject in a philosophical way, with the intention of precising which elements have to be considered in order to think about school architecture. To do so, I analyze some governmental rules such as professional competencies, teachers’ obligations and school missions. To structure this huge subject, still “skeletal”, I chose to organize my work with four levels of space (and another type of space). The first level, designed space, has a hermeneutical function: school space must include significant elements and be designed “logogenically”. This level of space also includes ethical obligations: environmental concerns engage us to create sustainable spaces, which are built with a situated architecture, protecting sites and ecumene. Vernacular architecture, which involves dwellers in the creation process, allows a knotworking collaboration that is essential between the architect and all the actors (teachers, students, families, community, etc.). This close relation leads to consider the architect as a pedagogue, and to give him some responsibilities related to the targeted professional competencies (cultural and ethical). The second level, represented space, is about construction of a topogenesis, which uses body, but also an occidental representation of space sadly generalized. This phenomenon requires decentration to “apprehend” school space, liberating it with language and game. With this, I dare to propose a sort of “pedagogical nomadism”, that is to say more informal and dynamic practices. The third level, lived space, uses the bergsonian distinction that opposes the mathematical vision of space to that of a place. I can then consider the qualitative aspect of school as a place, respecting the seven teachers’ obligations and the three missions of Quebec schools. This place, neither completely private, nor completely public, can be seen as a space of socialization. The fourth level, dwelling, is about fundamentally ontological human determinations. This highest level of space is possible using intuition, which creates an immediate relation to space. The esthetical aspect, inspired by Hölderlin, who considers that “man dwells poetically”, leads me to propose school as an artwork, by transposing the four qualities of the musical work, namely beauty, sustainability, teaching and sincerity. The last type of space (vicarial space or nonplace) completes the four precedent levels. It is a partially transversal space, which causes deterritorialization of school. This means that specificities of physical school space, such as critical dimension (which cannot be accomplished by virtual space), have to be recognized.
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Fournigault, Pascal. "Lauzes une approche plastique de l'analyse architecturale par l'étude d'un système constructif dans l'architecture vernaculaire rurale du Sardalais /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605192b.
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Fournigault, Pascal. ""Lauzes" : une approche plastique de l'analyse architecturale par l'étude d'un système constructif dans l'architecture vernaculaire rurale du Sarladais." Paris 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA010647.
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Le caractere pluridisciplinaire de l'architecture et de son analyse suppose que celle-ci puisse etre abordee de diverses facons. Bien qu'assez peripherique, la position du plasticien est envisagee avec une analyse des temoins d'une architecture guidee et organisee suivant les caracteristiques plastiques qu'ils auront revelees et avec pour acteur principal : le materiau. "lauzes" designe le materiau de couverture dans l'architecture rurale de cette partie sud-est du departement de la dordogne : le sarladais. Le premier chapitre de cette etude presente sa nature, sa forme, sa mise en oeuvre, sa representation. Il s'en degage un principe : l'accumulation. L'apprehension de l'espace "paysage", le choix et l'analyse particuliere des batiments determinent pour le deuxieme chapitre un autre postulat: le chemine- ment. La troisieme partie, avec les additions, les metamorphoses et la combinatoire des batiments choisis, montre l'existence possible d'autres lieux, imaginaires cette fois. Apres dessins, peintures et maquettes, l'analyse aboutit avec une quatrieme partie par la realisation grandeur nature d'un abri individuelThe multipartite aspect of architecture and of architectural analysis implies a multifarial approach to them. - however peripherical it may be, the artistic approach will be considered through the analyses given by the witnesses of an architecture that has been achieved according to certain characteristics, the main role being played by the raw ma- terial. - "lauzes" refers to the roofing material used in the rural architecture of that particular south-east zone of the dordogne departement : the sarlat area. - chapter one of the study is an introduction to its nature, shape, usage and featuring. A rule can be drawn : the principle of accumulation. - the way the surroundings are captured, the choice and particular analysis of the building induce a new postulate for chapter two : "en route". Compiling, metamorphosing and combining the selected buildings may lead us to other places - imaginary places. That's for part three. - after drawings, paintings and rough models, the analysis comes to an end in part four, with the construction of a life-size personal shelter
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Šmardová, Kateřina. "Hliněné povrchy v současné architektuře." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233241.
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The theme of this thesis are surfaces made of unburned earth and used in architecture. The thesis focuses mainly on detailed mapping and analysis of the present state. However, it does not omit the historical roots of earthen surfaces in the area of today`s Czech Republic. In these roots it looks for connections with contemporary practice. The thesis deduces conclusions from thorough evaluation of the present situation – it shows perspectives and possible drift of the future development of earthen surfaces. Both in the field of architecture and in areas broadening this field.
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Akhavan, Bahram. "L'habitat rural et son architecture traditionnelle et moderne dans quelques regions iraniennes." Caen, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CAEN1021.
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Cette etude propose une analyse globale et detaillee (au niveau de l'architecture) de la facon dont les paysans iraniens ont traditionnellement construit leurs habitations dans leur environnement : essentiellement en fonction du cadre physique, mais aussi de leurs structures et de leurs activites. Apres une vue d'ensemble de l'iran et des grandes lignes et classifications de son habitat rural trois regions, retenues sur la base des conditions climatiques, sont etudiees l'une apres l'autre : - le guilan, representant les regions temperees et humides; - le yazd, representant les regions desertiques, chaudes et seches; - l'azerbaidjan oriental, representant les regions froides et montagneuses. L'accent est egalement mis sur les difficultes rencontrees en cours de recherche. Une comparaison schematique de l'architecture rurale dans les trois regions est ensuite etablie. Enfin, a partir des constatations qui se sont degagees, des propositions concretes pour le developpement des villages iraniens sont faitesThis study is a detailed and global analysis of architectural trends and patterns in rural areas of iran. These trends and patterns vary essentially according to the physical environment, but also affected by socio-cultural, demographic and economic structures. After a general geographical overview of iran and of the main features of its rural settlements, three regions chosen on a climatic basis are successively analysed : - guilan, representative of the humid temperate zone; - yazd, representative of hot, arid or desert regions; - eastern azerbaidjan, representative of cold and mountainous regions. The study brings out the difficulties encountered during the field research phase of this work and then establishes a schematic comparison of rural architectural characteristics in the three selected regions. Finally, on the basis of the issues raised and remarks brought out in the work, concrete proposals for the development of rural settlements in iran are put forward
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Yusta, Garcia Ferran. "La méthode des saisons climatiques : stratégie passive de conception architecturale de bâtiments basse consommation énergétique en climat très chaud." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0146/document.
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Si un concepteur, architecte ou ingénieur, veut concevoir un logement de basse consommation et le site du projet se trouve dans une région au climat froid, les réponses sont nombreuses et la littérature scientifique très abondante. Si le site de notre projet se situe en climat chaud, voir très chaud, le nombre de méthodes simples pour concevoir une maison de basse consommation diminue drastiquement. La solution la plus habituelle des concepteurs non initiés à la basse consommation est de faire appel à un ingénieur d’un bureau d’études énergétiques, qui saura proposer des simulations à partir d’un modèle thermique-dynamique et anticiper la consommation du modèle. La mission d’un bureau d’études a un certain coût, et ses services ne peuvent pas être accessibles à tous les projets. Ainsi, des milliers d’architectes en climat chaud proposent des projets inspirés des références lointaines ou des réalisations non adaptées sans les conseils d’un spécialiste de l’énergie du bâtiment. Ces projets, très énergivores, continuent à croître sans cesse. Pour tous ces concepteurs des projets de taille modeste nous proposons dans cette étude une méthode facile, efficace et accessible à tous permettant de prendre conscience des enjeux bioclimatiques et les options architecturales qui existent pour réussir un projet de basse consommation, puis de le défendre auprès de ses commanditaires. En nous appuyant sur les informations en ligne accessibles à tous, nous proposons une méthode basée sur l’utilisation des degrés-jour de refroidissement et de chauffage. Une série de simulations robustes sur un modèle thermique dynamique générique fourni des résultats qui pourront être interprétables par les concepteurs et projetés sur leurs propres conceptions.La première partie de ce document analyse la construction et la culture en climat chaud: méthodes de classification climatique, les phénomènes physiques les plus significatifs en lien avec la basse consommation,et les notions de confort et température ressentie. En suite, nous proposons un outil d’aide à la conception : la Méthode des Saisons Climatiques, une méthode basée sur un concept très simple : l’ouverture ou fermeture de la maison à l’extérieur en fonction des conditions extérieures quantifiée par les degrés-jour du site. Elle permet de faire une classification climatique du site très orientée vers la conception bioclimatique. Elle base le classement d’un site selon des journées types, S1 à S6, selon jour/nuit froid/froide, tempéré/froide, tempéré/tempérée, chaud/froide, chaud/tempérée et chaud/chaude respectivement. Cette nouvelle classification peu ts’appliquer à tous les climats de la Planète. Une période de l’année continue avec une même journée type donne lieu a une Saison Climatique. Chaque Saison climatique aura des spécificités architecturales propres,et parfois contradictoires entre deux saisons climatiques différentes. L’objectif est de trouver la combinaison architecturale la plus efficace pour une période annuelle complète.Des modélisations Energy+ seront faites pour ces 6 journées types ainsi que pour une période annuelle dans une ville au climat très chaud : Dubaï. Des actions architecturales sont évaluées avec un modèle thermique dynamique.Les actions architecturales seront classées par efficacité énergétique et par temps de retour surinvestissement . Deux maisons idéales par journée type seront proposées : la maison la plus performante et la maison la plus rentable. Une méthode de combinaison d’actions architecturales permettra de trouver une combinaison cohérente d’actions en fonction du climat annuel d’un site. Ensuite nous proposerons les caractéristiques communes, un socle commun, de la maison en climat très chaud de la région du Moyen OrientThe last 25 years have been ground-breaking in architectural design on low energy consumption in cold climate, mainly in north-western cultures. For an architect today, the method to design a passive house in cold weather and the choice of the Architectural Actions (AA), are clearly established. When the question comes to how to build a passive house in warmer, hot, and very hot climates, the strategies arepoor and often results of a combination of western strategies with a local relook. From several visits in MiddleEast countries, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Oman, Palestine, Qatar, we concluded that the strategy for low consumption houses is not established yet and poorly grasped. The lack of training on low energy consumption in hot climate and the low price of energy, force designers and owners to rely on over usage of air-conditioning systems as measures to catch up on poor bioclimatic design. This method proposes a new approach on bioclimatic designfor hot climates from an architect point of view. It is based on a Cooling Degrees Days (CDD) and Heating Degrees Days (HDD) approach, a state of art of contemporary architecture and professional experience. Localclimates are classified according to the energy-hunger of six situations of the exterior temperature during night/day : cold/cold, cold/cool, cool/warm, cold/hot, cool/hot, and hot/hot as CDD and HDD of the twelve month ofthe year. A group of days on one of those situations will be called “climatic season”. In parallel we will create two main “climatic situations”: people keep the house closed to the exterior or opened to the exterior. We will associate passive strategies to these two differents ways to live in the house: “cold” and “hot” to a closed houseand “cool” and “warm” to a house opened up to the exterior. This method allows classifying any climate in theworld under these six climatic seasons. Our climate classification can now be associated to different strategies that we will call “architectural actions” as house is closed or opened. We could already start to design a house from here, but to better understand the influence of each action we have created an Energy+ model to analyze individually the effect of a single AA. The performance of each action is evaluated under the situations of six representative journeys as well as a year round on a very hot city: Dubai. The result of the effect good or badof action during each different season situation allows us to create the best combination of AA that are best fora year round climate resulting of the combination of several climatic seasons. This low-tech method will help usto find the common features of the houses of different hot climates of a big region and find the best typology. We have carried in parallel a cost study of the base house and the financial incidence of each single action to evaluate also the payback period by action
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Wadi, Abid Ali. "Les applications de l'énergie solaire a l'habitat rural irakien : adaptation en fonction des variations climatiques journalières et saisonnières dans les régions marécageuses." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA077232.
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Le travail que nous avons réalisé a pour objectif le développement d'un habitat climatique moderne dans les régions marécageuses irakiennes. L'étude comporte dans le premier chapitre une description détaillée du milieu physique et des constructions traditionnelles en roseau et en argile, et constitue une contribution majeure à la connaissance d'un mode de vie et d'un habitat hérité de la civilisation sumérienne. L'analyse des conditions climatiques sur tout le territoire irakien présentée dans le deuxième chapitre définit clairement 3 grandes zones climatiques. Dans chacune de ces zones, les calcus du rayonnement solaire, réalisés en utilisant les méthodes préconisées par Monsieur Perrin de Brichambaut, donnent des résultats très satisfaisants.
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Cividino, Hervé. "Les édifices quotidiens de l’agriculture, 1945-1999 : de la modernisation des fermes traditionnelles à l’inscription des nouveaux ateliers de production dans l’environnement." Brest, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BRES1005.
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La révolution agricole de la seconde partie du XXe siècle s’est traduite par une transformation profonde de l’architecture des bâtiments d’exploitation. Dans le mouvement d’intensification des pratiques de culture et d’élevage, des constructions industrialisées ont remplacé les édifices traditionnels. Cette thèse interroge le surprenant divorce entre architecture et agriculture qui intervint alors. Il s’agit d’établir comment s’est opérée la mutation des constructions rurales et de comprendre les modalités de diffusion des innovations en identifiant les moments de progression et de rupture ainsi que leurs acteurs. Ces interrogations ont pour objet de démontrer que les nouvelles formules constructives ne furent pas seulement le résultat d’une évolution des techniques et des programmes, mais aussi de la volonté du monde agricole de conduire lui-même la modernisation à une époque où, encore majoritaire dans les campagnes, il présidait à la gestion et à l’économie du monde ruralThe agricultural revolution of the second part of the 2Oth century has led to a deep change in the architecture of farm buildings. During the intensification and modernisation of farming practices, traditional edifices have been replaced by industrial buildings. This thesis deals with the incredible split that happened between architecture and farming at that time. How did the gradual transformation of rural buildings take place? What were the main periods of progression and breakdown? How has innovation spread? Who were the main actors of this story? The aim of these questions is to show that the new architectural forms that arose did not only result from the evolution of building techniques and farming programs. Indeed, they are also due to the desire of farmers, who had the economical and political lead role in rural areas to be the driving force of modernization
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Perrau, Antoine. ""Influence de la ventilation naturelle dans l'évolution de l'architecture tropicale". "Évaluation de cette influence au travers un regard d'architecte et d'urbaniste exerçant à La Réunion"." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LARE0045.
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Cette thèse propose une approche axée sur l’étude de l’influence de la ventilation naturelle dans l’évolution de l’architecture tropicale, d’hier, aujourd’hui et demain. Ce travail part des constats liés à la crise énergétique et ses conséquences, le réchauffement climatique et l’usage immodéré de la climatisation. Il se focalise sur le milieu tropical en pleine croissance démographique, économique et donc énergétique. Dans un premier temps elle répond à la question : Un climat commun, tropical humide, a-t-il pu produire des typologies architecturales originales et communes, malgré une forte dispersion géographique et temporelle, à une époque où la physique des bâtiments n’avait pas cours. ? Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons tenté de caractériser le confort thermique et par quels dispositifs (architecturaux et techniques) il est obtenu pour une « case » traditionnelle Réunionnaise représentative. Dans un troisième temps, nous nous sommes demandés : Comment transposer ces concepts anciens dans des projets contemporains, en respectant quels principes, avec quels outils et pour obtenir quels résultats ? Ceci à partir d’une évaluation de deux études de cas, L’Ilet du Centre et le collège Bouéni, des outils utilisés, de leur contexte d’emploi et l’efficience de ces dispositifs. Enfin dans un dernier temps nous avons pris conscience de la nécessité d’un changement d’échelle. Nous avons, au travers une étude de cas, la ZAC Cœur de ville de La Possession, étudié comment proposer la transcription et assurer la pérennité de la chaine de ventilation naturelle, étudiée dans les trois premières parties, afin de rendre le concept de ville éolienne applicable, opposable, et donc reproductible. Résultats : En termes de résultats, l’étude de ces exemples a montré l’importance de la ventilation naturelle dans la zone tropicale, l’impact sur les formes bâties, les solutions permettant l’obtention du confort dans une case traditionnelle réunionnaise, mis en évidence le rôle du contexte lointain et proche, le risque de dysfonctionnement en cas de modification de celui-ci, l’intérêt de l’usage approprié de nouveaux outils de conception, dont l’ingénierie aéraulique et de les adapter au contexte géographique, climatique et programmatique. Nous avons alors proposé d’assurer la pérennité de ces dispositifs à l’échelle du bâtiment en passant à l’échelle urbaine. Ce travail de thèse a permis notamment de faire des propositions sur une transposition règlementaire de ces règles dans le PLU. Pour cela, nous avons établis des règles de constructibilité, dans le projet Cœur de ville de La Possession préservant un potentiel de ventilation naturelle aux bâtiments dans la trame urbaine grâce à une approche en ingénierie aéraulique intégrée. La transposition règlementaire de ces règles dans le PLU a enfin permis de définir un droit à la ventilation naturelle. Ceci constitue un premier exemple appliqué d’urbanisme éolien réglementaire tout en mettant en évidence la nécessité d’effectuer un suivi opérationnel rigoureux pour en assurer le succès completThis thesis proposes an approach based on the study of the influence of natural ventilation in the evolution of tropical architecture, past, present and future. This work starts from the observations related to the energy crisis and its consequences, global warming and the excessive use of air conditioning. It focuses on the tropical environment, which is experiencing rapid demographic, economic and therefore energy growth. First, it answers the question: Could a common, humid tropical climate have produced original and common architectural typologies, despite a strong geographical and temporal dispersion, at a time when the physics of buildings was not in use? In a second step, we tried to characterize thermal comfort and by which devices (architectural and technical) it is obtained for a traditional representative Reunionese "hut". Thirdly, we asked ourselves: How can we transpose these old concepts into contemporary projects, respecting which principles, with which tools and to obtain which results? This is based on an evaluation of two case studies, L'Ilet du Centre and Collège Bouéni, the tools used, their context of use and the efficiency of these devices. Finally, we have recently become aware of the need for a change of scale. Through a case study, we studied the ZAC Cœur de ville de La Possession, how to propose the transcription and ensure the sustainability of the natural ventilation chain, studied in the first three parts, in order to make the concept of a wind city applicable, enforceable, and therefore reproducible. Results: In terms of results, the study of these examples showed the importance of natural ventilation in the tropical zone, the impact on built forms, the solutions allowing comfort to be obtained in a traditional Reunionese hut, the role of the distant and nearby context, the risk of dysfunction in the event of modification of it, the interest of the appropriate use of new design tools, including aerothermal engineering and their adaptation to the geographical, climatic and programming context. We then proposed to ensure the sustainability of these devices on a building scale by moving to an urban scale. This thesis work made it possible in particular to make proposals for the regulatory transposition of these rules into the PLU. To this end, we have established constructability rules in the Cœur de ville project of La Possession, which preserves the potential for natural ventilation of buildings in the urban fabric through an integrated airflow engineering approach. The regulatory transposition of these rules into the PLU has finally made it possible to define a right to natural ventilation. This is a first applied example of regulatory wind energy planning while highlighting the need for rigorous operational monitoring to ensure its complete success
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Le, Pabic Christophe. "La demeure privée rurale en Bretagne aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles : modernité et historicité." Paris 8, 2004. http://portaildocumentaire.citechaillot.fr/search.aspx?SC=theses&QUERY=cour+ouverte#/Detail/%28query:%28Id:%270_OFFSET_0%27,Index:1,NBResults:1,PageRange:3,SearchQuery:%28CloudTerms:!%28%29,ForceSearch:!t,Page:0,PageRange:3,QueryString:pabic,ResultSize:10,ScenarioCode:theses,ScenarioDisplayMode:display-standard,SearchLabel:%27%27,SearchTerms:pabic,SortField:!n,SortOrder:0,TemplateParams:%28Scenario:%27%27,Scope:%27%27,Size:!n,Source:%27%27,Support:%27%27%29%29%29%29.
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Souvent considérée comme a-historique, la demeure privée rurale émerge pourtant aux siècles modernes, où les manières de civilité se renouvellent, où s’écrivent les traités d’architecture et où l’essor urbain est réel. Avec le centre Bretagne pour terrain où le corpus d’édifices anciens et d’archives est abondant, la recherche tente d’inscrire la demeure privée rurale dans une perspective historique aux XVII et XVIIIe s. L’étude des plans montre l’existence de dispositifs architecturaux établissant des lieux et des itinéraires sélectifs selon le statut des occupants. Les facteurs techniques liés à l’organisation hiérarchique de la société limitent l’évolution des formes. Les rapports entre la sphère rurale et la sphère savante/urbaine permettent d’établir des influences ou des discours normatifs émanant d’ institutions étatiques ayant marqué la construction rurale. Dès le XVIIIe s. , l’habitation privée rurale intègre un champ de préoccupations techniques et morales, propre d’ une société désormais moderneConsidered as an -historical subject, rural private dwelling can be integrated into the sphere of modernity due to its emergence in recent centuries, marked by the spread of new social manners, the appearance of architecture treatises and the urban development. With the help of archives and a corpus of 17th-and 18th - centuries breton buildings, the method is combining history and social science allow to study the relations between inhabitants and their habitations. The internal organization results from the existence of architectural devices permitting some selected areas and passages according to the occupant’s status. The technical factors related to the hierarchical organization of the society limit the evolution of forms. The relations between the rural community and the urban/learned community define the factors that influenced rural construction and some normative views of state institutions. Since the 18th c. , the private habitation has been part and parcel of technical and moral concerns
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Bernard, Marie. "Roadtown : la genèse d'une forme d'urbanisation du territoire : États-Unis, 1914-1955." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010512.
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Roadtown est le produit d'une forme d'urbanisation le long de la route, une conquête de la nature par l'urbain, un mouvement sauvage qui ne semble avoir été ni planifié par les urbanistes, ni dessiné par les architectes. Intertown, Interurbia, Suburbia, Subtopia, Sprawl, Strip City sont autant de thèmes et de termes qui renvoient à ce paysage urbain de bord de route qui tend à recouvrir le territoire américain. En tant que phénomène urbain, ayant produit des objets architecturaux, la Roadtown tangente l'histoire de l'architecture sans en être un sujet parlant. Elle est un paysage vu, un espace traversé, un lieu fréquenté, une expérience vécue. Ses caractéristiques formelles et fonctionnelles, sur lesquelles influent les dynamiques économiques, sociales ou culturelles, demandent à être examinées. En s'appuyant sur l'abondante iconographie produite par la critique architecturale dans les années cinquante, et en explorant les revues commerciales depuis les années dix, la thèse propose au travers de l'urbanisation routière - l'infrastructure structurant le territoire - et de ses manifestations commerciales - autant d'objets architecturaux - de retracer l'histoire de la Roadtown depuis son origine.
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Gandreau, David. "Patrimoines archéologiques en terre et développement local : enjeux interdisciplinaires et perspectives de formation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAH024/document.
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Très présents sur les sites archéologiques, les vestiges d’architecture de terre suscitent un intérêt grandissant, pour la communauté scientifique, pour les autorités en charge de la protection du patrimoine, pour les populations locales et pour le grand public, amateur de tourisme culturel. De plus en plus de projets d’étude, conservation et mise en valeur des vestiges en terre sur les sites archéologiques voient le jour dans le monde, dans une perspective d’apport du patrimoine au développement local et territorial. Ces projets font appel à des compétences multiples, empruntant notamment aux disciplines de l’archéologie, de l’architecture, de la conservation, et au domaine de la valorisation patrimoniale. Des acteurs aux profils variés sont ainsi amenés à collaborer sur des projets à la fois plus nombreux et plus complexes, intégrant les apports et attentes de parties prenantes très diversifiées, dans une approche holistique et contextualisée de gestion du patrimoine (Agnew et Bridgland 2006).Les modalités de ces nouvelles collaborations sont étudiées en profondeur dans cette thèse, afin d’analyser les enjeux interdisciplinaires et les enjeux de formation qui en résultent. Nous faisons l’hypothèse que les rapprochements entre les différents acteurs concernés par le patrimoine archéologique génèrent des perspectives de formations plus spécifiques, voire l’émergence de nouveaux métiers au carrefour des disciplines, qui seraient en mesure de mieux répondre aux attentes actuelles vis-à-vis de ce patrimoine.La recherche est fondée sur des enquêtes de terrain et des rencontres d’acteurs menées sur le long terme (quinze années d’exercice scientifique et professionnel), sur cinq sites principaux et douze sites de référence, principalement en Asie, mais aussi en Afrique et en Amérique Latine. Une grille d’analyse permet de confronter les pratiques observées sur ces terrains d’étude aux recommandations internationales en termes d’étude, conservation et valorisation du patrimoine archéologique en terre. Ces recommandations sont issues d’un corpus composé de publications de référence, de chartes et déclarations internationales, de conférences sur l’architecture de terre et de programmes internationaux sur cette thématique. Les résultats de l’analyse comparative nous amènent à faire des propositions méthodologiques et à énoncer des lignes directrices de programmes de formations plus spécifiques. Nous souhaitons ainsi contribuer aux dynamiques de recherche et d’enseignement qui se mettent en place autour du patrimoine archéologique en terre et de son apport au développement localVery present on archaeological sites, the vestiges of earthen architecture are arousing a growing interest, for the scientific community, for the authorities in charge of heritage protection, for the local populations and for the general public, fan of cultural tourism. More and more projects for study, conservation and enhancement of earthen architecture in archaeological context are emerging in the world, with a view to contributing to local and territorial development. These projects involve multiple skills, borrowing in particular from the disciplines of archeology, of architecture, of heritage conservation, and from the field of heritage valorisation. Specialists in each field are invited to collaborate on projects that are more numerous and more complex, integrating the inputs and expectations of very diverse stakeholders, in a holistic and contextualized approach to heritage management (Agnew, Bridgland 2006).The conditions governing these new collaborations are studied in depth in this thesis, in order to analyze the interdisciplinary challenges and the resulting training issues. We make the hypothesis that the links between the various actors involved in the archaeological heritage generate more specific training prospects, and even the emergence of new trades at the crossroads and interfaces of the disciplines, which would better meet current expectations with regard to this heritage.The research is based on field surveys and stakeholder meetings realized over the long term (fifteen years of scientific and professional practice), at five main sites and twelve reference sites, mainly in Asia, but also in Africa and in Latin America. An analysis grid allows to compare the practices observed on the field with the international recommendations in terms of study, conservation and valorisation of the archaeological heritage built with earth. These recommendations are based on a corpus of reference publications, international charters and declarations, conferences on earthen architecture and international programs on this theme. The results of the comparative analysis lead us to make methodological proposals and to formulate guidelines for more specific training programs. In this way, we wish to contribute to the new research and training dynamics that are set up around the earthen archaeological heritage and its contribution to local development
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Abidi, Syeda Raaeha Tuz Zahra. "Socio-cultural characteristics and policies vis-à-vis seismic risk reduction throught post-quake rural reconstruction : a case study of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979304.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is aimed at exploring the relation of socio-cultural characteristics and policies with post-quake reconstruction of rural areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan. The primary concern of the study is limited to examine the traditional architectural practice ; dhajji-dewari and social composition of the community during and after reconstruction. It is analyzed that how the socio-cultural aspects of rural communities are affected by the policies, how policies are affected by the socio-cultural aspects of the community and how both of these can influence the final product. The thesis was rooted in the fact that 80% of the 600,000 damaged/destroyed buildings during 8th October, 2005 Kashmir earthquake were rural temporary (Katcha) houses. It was hence to be investigated that how far the Rural Housing Reconstruction Program (RHRP) has reduced (or increased) the vulnerability of the area for future. The impact of any policy launched during this program was not limited to few housing units rather more than 0.1 million dhajji houses could be affected through this. The rural Kashmir reconstruction was commenced with the in-hand knowledge of several previous post-quake reconstruction programs and was appreciated widely by experts. It was yet to be explored that which mistakes were committed/repeated by the stakeholders during policy making, delivery, implementation and post implementation phases. Covering the phases of policy making, delivery and implementation, the major findings of the thesis are categorized into three sections ; the sustainability generating aspects of reconstruction, vulnerability enhancing dimensions of reconstruction, and, those outcomes of reconstruction which are not yet categorized under "sustainability" or "vulnerability" by the experts focusing particularly rural Kashmir. Community satisfaction is given primary focus to rate different outcomes.The study concludes that ignoring socio-cultural aspects of the community during reconstruction may lead to vulnerability in post-reconstruction scenario. Considering the post implementation phase, the current trends are observed by examining under-construction houses. By pictorially presenting the architectural details of these houses it is examined that deviations from guidelines are in practice. People start forgetting the disaster impacts after few years and their immediate needs drive their decision priorities. It is suggested that after reconstruction program ends up, some authorities must be present in the reconstructed area to guide people for their current requirements and future needs and also to control the spread of non compliant construction.
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Fernandes, Jorge Emanuel Pereira. "O contributo da arquitectura vernacular portuguesa para a sustentabilidade dos edifícios." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/24769.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Construção e Reabilitação SustentáveisThe vernacular architecture features, in a particular way, a plurality of constraints — geographical, geological, economical and cultural — from the places where it is. The constraints of each region were materialized in unique and diverse ways of building between them. In common they have the fact that they were parsimonious evolutions, empirically refined over generations. In its long evolution, and inserted in a context of scarcity, tpeoplehey developed pragmatic strategies of adaptation to the environment and of profound rationalization of the available resources. Nothing was preferred, passed over or ignored because communities had the empiric notion that their welfare depended intrinsically from the balance with their surroundings. However, these architectural approaches were abandoned, and the inherent knowledge lost, driven by the pejorative connotations that relate it with underdevelopment, both in materials as in lifestyles. Industrialization homogenized the different ways to build and propelled the spread of a universal architecture, disconnected from its environment, heavily dependent on energy and resource consumption. In this sense, at the moment when society seeks for cleaner energy and more sustainable buildings, it is pertinent to revisit vernacular buildings in order to develop and adapt their strategies to the current construction context, contributing to their sustainability. The knowledge inherent to this type of constructions will contribute to reduce waste and energy consumption through the use of local materials and traditional techniques, developed on the need of adaptation to a specific climate and territory. Portugal is no exception, and despite its small size, is profuse in these manifestations of architecture. Based on several surveys of Portuguese popular architecture this research identifies, organizes and classifies the main building systems and architectural strategies according to sustainability principles. To complement the study, are explored are exposed considerations about their potential for integration in contemporary construction. The building systems and strategies presented in this paper are characterized by being passive measures and by having low embodied energy, being simple and pragmatic. In this sense, they feature a great potential to be considered both in the design of new buildings as in refurbishment interventions.
A arquitetura vernacular materializa de forma particular uma pluralidade de condicionalismos geográficos, geológicos, económicos e culturais _ dos locais onde se insere. Os condicionalismos de cada região materializaram-se em modos de construir ímpares e díspares entre si. Em comum têm o facto de serem evoluções parcimoniosas, aprimoradas empiricamente ao longo de gerações. Na sua longa evolução, e inseridas num contexto de escassez, as construções vernaculares desenvolveram estratégias pragmáticas de adaptação ao meio envolvente e de profunda racionalização dos recursos disponíveis. Nada era preferido, preterido ou ignorado porque as comunidades tinham a noção, por via empírica, que o seu bem-estar dependia intrinsecamente do equilíbrio com o meio envolvente. No entanto, assistiu-se ao abandono destas abordagens arquitetónicas, e à perda do conhecimento a si inerente, impulsionado por conotações pejorativas que as relacionam com subdesenvolvimento, quer a nível dos materiais como no quer do modo de habitar. A industrialização homogeneizou os modos de construir e impulsionou a disseminação de uma arquitetura universal, desarraigada do seu meio, muito dependente de energia e predadora de recursos. Nesse sentido, num momento de viragem, em que se procuram formas de energia mais limpas e edifícios mais eficientes, é pertinente voltar a estudar as construções vernaculares no intuito de desenvolver e adaptar as suas estratégias ao contexto actual da construção, contribuindo para a sua sustentabilidade. O conhecimento inerente a este tipo de construções contribuirá para a redução do desperdício e dos consumos energéticos através da utilização de técnicas tradicionais e materiais locais, desenvolvidos na necessidade de adaptação a um território e clima específicos. Portugal não é excepção, e apesar da sua reduzida dimensão, é profuso no número de exemplos deste tipo de construções. Tomando como base os diversos inquéritos realizados ã arquitetura popular em Portugal esta investigação identifica, organiza e classifica os principais sistemas construtivos e estratégias arquitectónicas segundo princípios de sustentabilidade. Para complementar o estudo tecem-se considerações sobre o seu potencial de integração na construção contemporânea. As estratégias e sistemas construtivos apresentados neste trabalho caracterizam-se por terem um funcionamento passivo e por possuírem baixa energia incorporada, pautando-se pela simplicidade e pragmatismo, pelo que possuem um grande potencial para serem consideradas, tanto na concepção de novos edifícios como em operações de reabilitação.
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Pereira, Henrique José Vasconcelos Rodrigues. "CINFÃES: Dialética entre o passado e um futuro AO ENCONTRO DOS AGLOMERADOS VERNACULARES." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/81598.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e TecnologiaEntre a Serra do Montemuro e a margem sul do Rio Douro encontra-se Cinfães, concelho de grande diversidade de paisagens e identidades, o que se deve muito à variedade de materiais de construção – colmo, ardósia, granito e xisto, mas também aos usos e costumes. Para além desta diversidade, o concelho caracteriza-se também por um conjunto de núcleos rurais que se mantiveram no esquecimento devido, essencialmente, às dificuldades de acessibilidade. Embora tal esquecimento tenha ajudado a conservação da arquitetura vernacular – mencionadas já no Inquérito à Arquitetura Portuguesa dos anos 50, tanto as entidades locais como os proprietários têm descurado o seu valor patrimonial e identitário, contribuindo assim para a descaracterização e perda da harmonia espacial entre o sistema Homem-Meio-Casa.Hoje, o abandono da população e a consequente degradação dos edifícios torna urgente a definição de uma estratégia de valorização e reabilitação destes núcleos, bem como de sensibilização da população local para potenciar e incutir a importância de salvaguardar o que é deles, mas também de todos nós.Esta investigação, apresenta, assim, uma estratégia de reabilitação elaborada no âmbito de uma dissertação de mestrado em arquitetura. Esta estratégia foi desenvolvida em torno de dois conjuntos de aglomerados rurais tendo como objetivo a valorização das suas caraterísticas endógenas. A partir dum conjunto de ações, desenvolvidas com o envolvimento da população, pretendemos valorizar a identidade local de cada núcleo, aumentar a qualidade de vida, contribuir para a fixação da população e fomentar o turismo. Este último objetivo deseja-se que aconteça de uma forma natural, possibilitando ao turista experienciar as vivências e as atividades locais, não podendo o turismo ser um fim em si mesmo, mas antes uma consequência da promoção dos elementos locais, da preservação e fomentação da sua originalidade, envolvendo o Homem com a sua História numa dialética intergeracional que se quer socialmente inclusiva.
Cinfães is situated between Serra do Montemuro and the south bank of the Douro River. It is a county with a great diversity of landscapes and identities, due to the variety of construction materials - thatch, slate, granite and shale, but also to the customs and traditions. Beyond this diversity, the county is also characterized by a group of rural centres that have remained in oblivion due, essentially, to accessibility difficulties. Although such oblivion has helped to preserve these forms of vernacular architecture - already mentioned in the survey on Portuguese Architecture of the 1950s, both local entities and owners have neglected their patrimonial and identity value, thus contributing to the decharacterization and loss of spatial harmony between the Man-Environment-House system. Today, the abandonment of the population and, consequently, the degradation of buildings makes it urgent to define a strategy for the valorization and rehabilitation of such centres, as well as to raise the awareness of the local population in order to promote and instill the importance of safeguarding what is theirs, as well as of all of us.Thereby this research presents a rehabilitation strategy elaborated within the scope of a master's degree dissertation in architecture. This strategy was developed around two sets of rural clusters with the goal of valuing their endogenous features. Based on a set of actions, developed with the population involvement, we intend to value the local identity of each centre, increase the quality of life, contribute to the establishment of the population and promote tourism. This last goal is intended to happen in a natural way, enabling the tourist to experience local experiences and activities, and tourism can not be an end in itself, but rather a consequence of promoting local elements, preserving and fostering its originality, involving Man with his History in an intergenerational dialectic that one wishes to be socially inclusive.
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Carlos, Arlindo Elber Marques. "Arquitetura de terra : Escola Primária em Kingoma." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/8333.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: António José Marques Vieira de Santa-RitaIntitulada Arquitetura de Terra: Escola Primária em Kingoma, esta dissertação insere-se na temática da sustentabilidade, do vernáculo e que com a terra crua a Arquitetura ganhou vida. Obedece-se ao mito vernáculo e aos diversos materiais presentes nessa arquitetura até se chegar ao material de eleição, a terra crua, que é abundante no nosso planeta de uma forma geral, mas sempre aplicada de forma local, neste caso em Angola. O local possui uma rica arquitetura em terra nos meios rural e urbano, onde são utilizadas diversas técnicas de construção de terra, o adobe, cuja utilização foi, tem sido e será ainda muito recorrida para se contruir objetivo rentável numa vertente ambiental e econômica, necessários para Angola. Esta dissertação é o resultado de diversas análises, sendo elas absorvidas de fontes literárias físicas ou virtuais, e é ainda o culminar de entrevistas e de conversas com profissionais ligados ao ramo da arquitetura de terra e ainda de pessoas na sua maioria residentes no meio rural que adquiriram esse conhecimento dos seus antepassados, dando assim à dissertação bagagem necessária para provar ou servir de incentivo à sociedade, que com o uso da terra independentemente da técnica a ser aplicada, estaria o ser humano a regressar às sua origens e aproveitar o que de nela há de melhor, poder construir de uma forma mais sustentável o seu teto. A dissertação, tem ainda uma outra intenção, a de melhorar o sistema de ensino em Angola, propondo-se uma escola primária com a utilização de materiais vernáculos, proposta para implantação e construção numa área rural, a aldeia Kingoma, pertencente ao município da Damba, província do Uíge.
Entitled Earth Architecture: Primary School in Kingoma, this research is inserted in the subject of sustainability, vernacular architecture and that with the earth the Architecture came to life. It is obeyed to the vernacular myth and to the diverse materials present in this architecture until arriving at the material of election, the earth crude, that is abundant in our planet of a general form, but always applied of local form, in this case in Angola. The site has a rich architecture on land in the rural and urban environments, where various techniques of land construction are used, the adobe, whose use has been, has been and will be much used to build a profitable objective in an environmental and economic aspect, necessary to Angola. This dissertation is the result of several analyzes, being absorbed from physical or virtual literary sources, and it is also the culmination of interviews and conversations with professionals related to the land architecture branch and also of people mostly residing in the rural area who Acquired this knowledge of their ancestors, thus giving the dissertation baggage necessary to prove or serve as an incentive to society, that with the use of land regardless of the technique to be applied, would be the human being to return to its origins and take advantage of that It is better to be able to construct a more sustainable roof. The dissertation also has another intention to improve the education system in Angola, proposing a primary school with the use of vernacular materials, proposal for implantation and construction in a rural area, the village Kingoma, belonging to the municipality of Damba, Province of Uíge.
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"Experimental studies thermally of ecological building in Loess Plateau areas of China." 2006. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896466.
Full textAbstract:
Mu Jun.Thesis submitted in: December 2005.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 181-183).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2. --- Issues and Background --- p.5
Chapter 2.1. --- Why Ecological Architecture? --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.1. --- Fossil Fuels and Environmental Issues --- p.5
Chapter 2.1.2. --- The Buildings' Role in the Issues --- p.9
Chapter 2.2. --- Knowledge in Ecological Design --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.1. --- About Ecological Architecture --- p.11
Chapter 2.2.2. --- Thermal Study ~ A Significant Way to Ecological Architecture --- p.13
Chapter 2.2.3. --- What is Suitable Ecological Architecture for Loess Plateau areas of China --- p.16
Chapter 3. --- Defining the Future Ecological Architecture in Loess Plateau Areas --- p.20
Chapter 3.1. --- Economy for Building --- p.20
Chapter 3.1.1. --- Situation --- p.20
Chapter 3.1.2. --- Technological Strategies towards a Cost-effective Ecological Approach --- p.22
Chapter 3.1.3. --- Alternative-Technological Approach --- p.24
Chapter 3.2. --- Climate --- p.25
Chapter 3.2.1. --- Climatic Characteristics --- p.25
Chapter 3.2.2. --- A climatically Responsive Approach ~ Selective Environmental Design --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.3. --- Climatic Response of Thermal Design Guidelines --- p.33
Chapter 3.2.3.1. --- Minimizing Heat loss through Building Fabrics --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.3.2. --- Utilization of Available Natural Energy --- p.37
Chapter 3.3. --- Benefits from Vernacular Architecture --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.1. --- Earth ArchitecturéؤVernacular Architecture on Loess Plateau --- p.45
Chapter 3.3.1.1. --- Classification --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.1.2. --- Environmental Performance --- p.53
Chapter 3.3.2. --- Literature Review of Studies on Earth Architecture --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.2.1. --- Properties of Earth-based Materials --- p.58
Chapter 3.3.2.2. --- Literature on Earth Architecture --- p.60
Chapter 3.3.3. --- Issues and Development --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.3.1. --- Limitation in Existing Earth Architecture of Loess Plateau --- p.76
Chapter 3.3.3.2. --- Recent Research on Developing Earth Architecture in Loess Plateau Areas --- p.77
Chapter 3.3.3.3. --- Considerations --- p.81
Chapter 3.4. --- Conclusion --- p.82
Chapter 4. --- Making of the Classroom as Designed for the Thermal Study --- p.84
Chapter 4.1. --- Why a Classroom? --- p.84
Chapter 4.2. --- The School Project and the Classroom Simulated --- p.85
Chapter 5. --- Thermal Study by Simulating Experiments --- p.88
Chapter 5.1. --- Research Methodology --- p.88
Chapter 5.2. --- Program Validation --- p.89
Chapter 5.3. --- Experimental Series of Simulation and Model Setup --- p.93
Chapter 5.4. --- Thermal Mass and Insulation --- p.95
Chapter 5.4.1. --- External Wall --- p.95
Chapter 5.4.2. --- Roof Study --- p.97
Chapter 5.4.3. --- "Windows, Doors and Glazing" --- p.100
Chapter 5.4.4. --- Incorporated Performance --- p.103
Chapter 5.5. --- Passive system for natural energy use --- p.106
Chapter 5.5.1. --- Passive Solar System Study --- p.106
Chapter 5.5.1.1. --- Wall-based Passive Solar System --- p.106
Chapter 5.5.1.2. --- Roof-based Passive Solar System --- p.125
Chapter 5.5.1.3. --- System Comparison in Thermal Performance --- p.135
Chapter 5.5.2. --- Natural Ventilation System with the Heat Exchanger --- p.137
Chapter 5.5.2.1. --- Pre-warming Effect of the Solar Space --- p.139
Chapter 5.5.2.2. --- Effect of the Earth-air-tunnel --- p.142
Chapter 5.5.2.3. --- Incorporation with the Chimney --- p.153
Chapter 5.5.2.4. --- Comparison in Performance --- p.158
Chapter 5.6. --- Summary --- p.159
Chapter 6. --- Design Improvement and Performance Prediction --- p.162
Chapter 6.1. --- System Incorporation and Design Improvement --- p.161
Chapter 6.2. --- Thermal Performance Prediction --- p.167
Chapter 7. --- Conclusion --- p.174
Appendix --- p.179
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Gonçalves, Marcelino Pereira. "Construções elementares de planta circular da Serra do Caldeirão : refúgios de turismo cultural e de natureza." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9235.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Ana María Moya Pellitero ; co-orientação: Clara Germana Ramalho Moutinho GonçalvesA presente dissertação de Mestrado desenvolve-se no objectivo de estudar as construções elementares de planta circular existentes na Serra do Caldeirão, no intuito de explorar um conceito base para desenvolver um projecto de arquitectura contemporânea vernacular. E contribuir com ideias programáticas para ajudar no desenvolvimento cultural e económico de um território desfavorecido existente no Algarve. Estas construções de planta circular são elementos arquitectónicos singulares na paisagem da Serra do Caldeirão, para as quais existe interesse na divulgação, na reabilitação, na protecção, e na preservação, pois remontam aos princípios base da construção, revelam parte das origens da nossa arquitectura vernacular e são fragmentos valiosíssimos do nosso património histórico rural, testemunhos e herança do nosso passado em vias de desaparecimento. É surpreendente a forma como integram o local e a paisagem envolvente, como são ecologicamente sustentáveis na construção e durante a sua existência, recorrendo sempre a materiais naturais e locais. Notavelmente satisfazendo a utilização para que são concebidas e aferindo, no caso das que podem constituir abrigo humano, um conforto térmico interior único sem recorrer a tecnologias e materiais mais recentes. Neste âmbito e para um estudo completo conjugou-se o trabalho de pesquisa bibliográfica com um inédito e exaustivo levantamento no território, que analisa e pesquisa os exemplares originais existentes. Em sistemática interacção com as populações locais, no intuído de absorver a herança e o conhecimento de pessoas ainda capazes de construir, restaurar e conservar este tipo de edificações, bem como recolher informação sobre antecedentes históricos relevantes. A dissertação estrutura-se em duas partes. A primeira parte de investigação e análise contextual, incide na teoria da arquitectura, com uma breve investigação sobre o mito da “cabana primitiva” e os protótipos da arquitectura, mais concretamente no modelo puro do tholos e sua evolução no tempo. Direccionando-se depois para o estudo do território seleccionado, a Serra do Caldeirão e naturalmente ao pormenor as construções elementares de planta circular, que são classificadas em quatro tipos. Consoante os materiais aplicados na sua construção: as edificações erigidas inteiramente em pedra, em materiais vegetais, num conceito híbrido utilizando as duas técnicas anteriores e finalmente as edificações em pedra e cobertura em telha artesanal. Como trabalho conclusivo desta primeira parte, apresenta-se a catalogação do levantamento e investigação de campo. Na segunda parte, implementa-se o conhecimento arquitectónico destas construções de planta circular, num conjunto edificado de nova planta na aldeia do Barranco do Velho. Inicia-se o trabalho com uma breve análise sobre a localidade onde se integra o projecto, seguindo à apresentação do programa e do conceito para desenvolvimento de um empreendimento de turismo em espaço rural, mais concretamente na inovadora tipologia de refúgios de turismo cultural e de natureza. Finalizando com apresentação da proposta de requalificação da paisagem e arquitectónica.
The present dissertation unfolds with the aims to study the basic constructions of circular plan, as it exists in the 'Serra do Caldeirão', in an effort to explore the fundamental concept in order to develop a project of contemporary and vernacular architecture; and to contribute with programmatic ideas to enable the cultural and economic development of a depressed area of the Algarve. These constructions of circular plan are exceptional architectonic elements in the landscape of the 'Serra do Caldeirão'. There is an interest in the marketing, the rehabilitation, the protection and the preservation of this mentioned area, as these elements date back to the basic origins of construction and architecture. They reveal, in part, the origins of our native architecture and they are extremely valuable fragments of our rustic history; evidence and legacy of our past, in danger of extinction. It is surprising the way in which they integrate in the area and the compelling landscape, and how they are ecologically sustainable in their construction and durability, always using natural and local materials. They remarkably fulfil the application for which they were created, in the case of those which constitute human shelters, provide unique and comfortable warm interior without turning to more recent technologies and materials. To this extent and for a more complete study, the task of bibliographic research is combined with an inedited and exhaustive survey of the region, in order to analyze and investigate the existing original constructions. There is a systematic interaction with the local population, with the aim of absorbing the heritage and the knowledge of individuals still capable of building, restoring and conserving these types of construction, as well as gathering information about relevant historical records. This dissertation is structured in two parts. The first part consists of research and contextual analysis, relating to the theory of architecture, with a brief study of the myth of the 'primitive hut' and the prototypes of architecture, more precisely, in the pure example of the tholos and its histórica evolution. Later it leads to the study of the selected area of the 'Serra do Caldeirão' and, in greater detail, the elementary circular plan constructions, which are classified in four types, depending on the materials used in their construction: buildings completely made of stone; vegetable matter; a hybrid concept using both of these techniques; and finally, the constructions in stone with craft tiles on the roof. This first part concludes with a catalogue of the research and field work. The second part comprises the architectural cognition of these circular building plans, in an ensemble made out of new plans in the village of 'Barranco do Velho'. The task begins with a brief analysis of the area where the project takes place, followed by the presentation of the programme and the concept for the development of a rural tourism enterprise. In other words, the innovative typology of nature and cultural tourism refuges. It concludes with the presentation of the proposal of architectonic reassesment of the landscape.
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Leopoldo, João Pedro Vasques. "Projecto de reabilitação de edifícios rurais em xisto, no Parque Natural de Montesinho: o caso de Quintanilha." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10437/9206.
Full textAbstract:
Orientação: Luís Filipe Pires ConceiçãoEntende-se que a riqueza natural e paisagística do maciço Montanhoso Transmontano Português e os valiosos elementos culturais das comunidades humanas que ali se estabelecem justificam que urgentemente se iniciem acções com vista à salvaguarda do património e à animação sóciocultural das populações. A presente Dissertação tem como principal problemática a reabilitação de edifícios em Pedra Xisto no espaço Rural do Nordeste Transmontano de Portugal, pretendendo-se assim produzir matéria capaz levar á melhoria dos processos de construção e de reabilitação destes espaços, cujo estado de conservação é, em grande parte dos casos, preocupante, e tudo devido ao seu estado de degradação ou a más intervenções de reabilitação sofridas. Sendo o autor da presente Dissertação natural da cidade de Bragança e com fortes ligações à aldeia de Quintanilha, surgiu como foco de preocupação principal a escolha de um tema de projecto que se identificasse com o próprio e com as suas raízes, e que servisse em simultâneo de exemplo para intervenções futuras por parte de outros em casos de reabilitações em aldeias de xisto em Portugal. Assim sendo e para efeitos de estudo e execução de projecto, foi escolhida a aldeia de Quintanilha situada no conselho de Bragança, Nordeste Transmontano Português, inserida no Parque Natural de Montesinho. Procura-se assim, enaltecer as características e técnicas construtivas deste tipo de arquitectura vernacular, procurando contribuir para a salvaguarda das mesmas e por meio da proposta de projecto, a criação de espaços destinados a Turismo de habitação e de Albergue, espaços que visam dinamizar e melhorar a qualidade de acolhimento a todos aqueles que procuram pelas mais variadas razoes visitar a aldeia de Quintanilha.
It is understood that the natural and rich Portuguese landscape of massive mountainous Tramontane and valuable cultural elements of human communities that are established there, justify that the actions to safeguard the heritage and the socio-cultural activities of the population will bi urgently initiated. the main problematic issue of this dissertation is the rehabilitation of buildings in Schist Stone in the Rural area of the northeastern Tramontane of Portugal, intending thus to produce matter that is capable to bring the improvement in the construction processes and rehabilitation of these areas, whose condition is in most cases, a matter quite concerning, and all because of its poor state of repair or the bad rehabilitation interventions it undergone. Being the autor of these dissertation and also being native from the city of Bragança and with strong bonds to the Village of Quintanilha, it became as the focus of major concern to choose a project theme that is identified with itself and with its roots, and simultaneously serving as an example for future interventions by others in cases of rehabilitation in shale villages in Portugal. therefore and for the purpose of study an project management, the village of Quintanilha located on the council of Bragança was chosen, Northeast Tramontane Portuguese, inserted in the Natural Park of Montesinho. Thus looking to extol the construction features and techniques of this type of vernacular architecture, seeking to contribute to the protection thereof and though the project proposal, create spaces for Tourism housing an Hostel, spaces that aim to streamline and improve the quality of hosting to all those looking for a variety of reasons to visit the village of Quintanilha.
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Štefaniková, Jana. "České středohoří - kulturní krajina." Doctoral thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-352241.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis "The České Středohoří Mountains - Cultural Landscape" deals with the territory of the České Středohoří Mountains' Protected Area as the landscape of settlements, namely settlements of rural character. Based on the field research, the basic characteristics of vernacular architecture in that territory are described and selected influences, that completed local villages' rural construction, are depicted. The thesis also provides evidence of regional interest in the national history and geography of the České Středohoří Mountains, especially in rural construction and urbanism. This interest in the national history and geography is discussed in the context of the development of Czech and German national emancipation. The entire work put emphasis on the period from the mid-19th century to the mid-20th century. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Baumgartner, Maria Elizabeth. "Constructing meaning - a model for hospice design in rural Manitoba." 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/3956.
Full textAbstract:
This practicum focuses on end-of-life care for older adults in rural
Canada. Specifically, it addresses links between domesticity and terminal
illness amongst adults within the building typology of hospice.
The objective of the practicum is the creation of a model for hospice
design in rural Manitoba. The hospice will be supported in pre-fabricated
housing. The practicum will address contemporary issues arising from
publicly-funded healthcare, the aging Canadian population, and cultural
issues surrounding dying, death, and grieving.
The main goals to be achieved with this project were the creation of
care facilities that encourage dialogue, education, and wellbeing for all
users. Additionally, the facilities will be designed as multi-sensory
environments where all human senses can be stimulated, expanding
beyond typical visual stimuli.
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JHANG, JYUN-FONG, and 張峻峯. "A Study in Vernacular Architectural Concept from the Building Construction Types in Liudui Hakka Traditional Dwellings of conˇco vugˋ(穿鑿屋) and tuˋzonˇvugˋ(土磚屋) in the Ciandui Region." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/dspyrk.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄大學
創意設計與建築學系碩士班
106
After studying many comprehensive surveys in nowadays researches about the building construction of the Hakka Traditional Dwellings. Most of them included too many aspect that lead to many of the construction types and the construction methods can’t not be discussed particularly. General speaking, the difference between the building construction types and the building material that can be seen in the different area or even a village which makes them being more important to be studied. Ciandui, at the spring belt of the apex of an alluvial fan that formed at the Ailio River in the Pingtung Plains, has not only various interaction of ethnic phenomenon but also the environment which are suit for agriculture development. Besides, it provides abundant material and resources that were used for the building construction which you can see at the traditional dwelling that was built at the different era with this developing condition. In the following, I will make this study be primary concerned with Ciandui area by using Document method, Interview method, and Field research to make the documentary and the interview from the local resident an arrangement. Let’s start from three topics: the past history of the migrating patterns of Hakka, the regional space development, and the regionally natural environment to do analyzing and statement by narrowing down the area, analyzing the development of the building construction types in Liudui, and discussing the construction material, construction methods, and construction procedure of the traditional dwelling conˇco vugˋ(穿鑿屋) and tuˋzonˇvugˋ(土磚屋). By doing the Field research and gathering the interview from the residents and artisans, we can do a recording in detail and doing analyzing to compare it. By discussing the construction material, construction type and the interaction of the local environment that we can understand its vernacular traits and gathering the vernacular material, construction element, constructer structure so that we can apply it on modern design, therefore we can bring up the discourse of vernacular conception for Conˇco vugˋ(穿鑿屋) , Tuˋzonˇvugˋ(土磚屋). By doing the comprehensive analyzing which I’ve referred before, we can realize the life of Hakka ethnic in Liudui in the past and the original cultural element in the architectures. This report can be used as reference at the building rehabilitation in the future. In addition, by compare with the epoch meaning and the construction element of this two research objects, it inspires more possibilities on modern design of architectures. In the analysis of architecture structure, I’ll take 9 conˇco vugˋ(穿鑿屋) and 10 tuˋzonˇvugˋ(土磚屋)as the research objections. By analyzing the information and the documents from the field research and the interview of the residents and the artisans, we can have a discourse of the architecture structure procedure to making sure the relationship of conˇco vugˋˋ(穿鑿屋) and tuˋzonˇvugˋ(土磚屋) in Ciandui. Furthermore, I found that the spatial composition of a traditional dwelling maybe influenced by the regional temperature and humidity. Therefore, the Hakka traditional dwelling in Liudui has a unique structure and spatial composition. Besides, although there are little difference between the construction method and the building type of the architecture in the study area, the building type are not the same. The building type was influenced by the different conditions, like soil or environment, and by using the different element in the building construction which formed the unique vernacular building feature. The original culture feature of the Hakka ethnic in Liudui can be easily observed from the evolvement of the building style and space arrangement.With the room that be add into the space arrangement for worship, the evolvement from “liauˇ”(藔) to “vugˋ”(屋) and the expending of a ”vangˇ vugˋ”(橫屋) can present the formation of the original building “Wei Long Wu”. In addition, the method of constructing twin ridge beams and the Fungshui facility ”ban ngiad ciiˇ”(半月池) and “fa toiˊ”(化胎) would be simplified, reduced its scale or even replaced by other facilities to express how does the Hakka ethnic in Liudui feel to the original culture. conˇco vugˋ(穿鑿屋) and tuˋzonˇvugˋ(土磚屋), the study object, were the most prevalent building style for the Hakka emigrant who would choose to build in early days. They witnessed the society change of Liudui organization from the beginning of its organized to the days after it disintegrated. The architecture style and construction methods have difference according from how their owner can afford which has its epoch significance. This study found out that there are many construction materials, construction components, and construction types can be used for environment-regulation and sustained development in the analysis of the effect of vernacular conception toward the local resource and the physical environment. What we need in nowadays society is to get rid of the stereotype of the traditional construction material are not easy to use and drop behind the generation. After making an adjustment and go with a proper designing plan, it can not only meet the conception of the sustainable architecture, but reducing the impact to the environment to raise the micro-climate regulation of architecture itself, and improve the quality of housing.