Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Verre aluminosilicate'
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Le, Gac Alexandre. "Comportement sous irradiation des verres d'aluminosilicate." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLX047/document.
Full textThe understanding of radiation effects in oxide glasses is important in nuclear waste conditioning field and requires the evaluation of the role of the glass formers, mainly silicon, boron and aluminum, but also of the alkali and alkali-earth elements that can act either as modifier elements or charge compensators. Aluminoborosilicate glasses were highly studied and the role of boron coordination changes on structural evolution under irradiation was highlighted. However, there are only few studies on aluminosilicate glasses and almost no information about the influence of aluminum and its charge compensators on the glassy network evolution under irradiation. The goal of this work is therefore to determine the effects of aluminum content and type of charge compensators (here, Na and Ca cations) on the aluminosilicate glass structure evolution under irradiation. To understand the different phenomena in complex oxide glasses, 13 simplified glasses, composed of SiO2, Al2O3, Na2O and CaO oxides, were elaborated. Hence, the influence of Na2O/CaO and Al2O3/SiO2 ratios, and Al2O3 content, were investigated. To simulate alpha decays and compare electronic and ballistic damage, external irradiations at room temperature with 5 MeV He2+ and 7 MeV Au4+ were performed on glasses. 2.5 MeV electron irradiations were also done to obtain bulk samples irradiated by electronic collisions at low stopping power
Hiet, Julien. "Motifs structuraux dans des verres modèles pour le stockage des actinides." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00454383.
Full textLaguta, Oleksii. "Magneto-optical investigations of Bismuth-doped silica glasses." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10082/document.
Full textBismuth-doped silica glasses are interesting due to the promising applications in fiber lasers and amplifiers for the communication purposes. Unfortunately, the nature of the optical active centre(s) in such glasses is still a subject of intense debuts.Magneto-optical methods of spectroscopy are very powerful tools for the investigation of paramagnetic centres in condensed matters. In this thesis, the magnetic circular dichroism, magnetic circular polarization of luminescence and optically detected magnetic resonance techniques were implemented to investigate Bi-doped silica glasses. Together with the methods of the conventional optical spectroscopy, we demonstrate the coexistence of at least two types of optical centres in a Bi-doped silica glass without other co-dopants and three types in a Bi-doped aluminosilicate glass. The analysis of experimental data revealed that all centres originate from systems with an even number of electrons (or holes). Two centres were identified as Bi+ ion and some defect in the glass network that interact via the energy transfer processes. The third centre is assigned to the clusters of Bi ions and it was observed only in the highly doped aluminosilicate sample. For the first time, we showed experimentally that the lasing related near-infrared luminescence is caused by a forbidden transition from the first excited state of the defect centre
Balaguer, Pascual Ana. "Élaboration de nouveaux liants minéraux pour la formulation de bétons écologiques et durables." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5414.
Full textAl, Saghir Kholoud. "Céramiques transparentes par cristallisation complète du verre : application aux aluminosilicates de strontium." Thesis, Orléans, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ORLE2023/document.
Full textTransparent polycrystalline ceramics elaborated by full crystallization from glass are an emerging class of photonicquality materials competing with single crystal technology, especially for optical applications. This approach provides considerable advantages over single crystals and polycrystalline sintered ceramics represented by cost effectiveness, large scale production, wide range of accessible chemical compositions, easy shaping and high doping level hosting structure. In this work, we show the preparation of transparent cubic Sr3Al2O6 and Sr3Ga2O6 polycrystalline ceramics by full crystallization from the parent strontium aluminate (75SrO-25Al2O3) and strontium gallate (75SrO-25Ga2O3) glasses elaborated by aerodynamic levitation coupled to laser heating system. The transparency of the obtained Sr3Al2O6 ceramics is explained by their optical isotropy, thin grain boundaries and highly dense (non-porous) microstructure. We also show a series of novel Sr1+x/2Al2+xSi2-xO8 (0
Pukhkaya, Vera. "Influence of Yb3+ and Er3+ ions environment on the evolution of its' luminescent properties in oxide glasses under ionizing irradiation." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/93/92/32/PDF/ThA_se_Pukhkaya_Vera.pdf.
Full textWe have investigated the effects of ionizing irradiation (e¯- and γ-) on the Yb3+ and Er3+ luminescent properties in aluminosilicate (AS) and phosphate glasses by trying to understand the impact of initial Yb3+ environment and mostly the role of Yb cluster. For that, AS and phosphate glasses containing different amount of Yb clusters were irradiated in 104-2∙109 Gy dose range. At first, we have shown that the point defect fading is slow down by a clustering effect in the glass. We have obtained a 2-step dependence of point defects quantity versus lg(dose). The cluster presence limits the defect production in the high dose range, whatever the glass composition (AS or phosphate). Consequently, we observed the same two-regions trends for the 2F5/2 lifetime as a function of the lg(dose). But for high content of cluster, the lifetimes value decreases linearly within lg(dose). This result does not depend on the glass type nor on the rare earth element (Er3+), implying a more general mechanism that implying one type of defect in particular. Secondly, we have interpreted the strong variation of the complex EPR signal in phosphate glasses within glass composition, dose and time with the formation of at least 8 point defects. In addition, the origin of the luminescent diamagnetic defect is discussed
Chevreux, Pierrick. "Comportement de l’uranium et de ses simulants dans les verres d’aluminosilicates en contact avec des métaux fondus." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORR0257/document.
Full textThis study concerns an innovative process used for conditioning nuclear waste that contain metallic parts contaminated with actinides. High actinides concentrations are expected to be incorporated in the glass melt in contact with the molten metals. Among these metals, aluminum and/or stainless steel impose a strongly reducing environment to the glass melt involving redox reactions. These reactions modify actinides oxidation states and therefore change their solubilities in the glass and could also reduce them into the metallic form. In this work, we focus on the behavior of uranium and its surrogates, namely hafnium and neodymium, in aluminosilicate glasses from the Na2O-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 system melted in highly reducing conditions. The first step consists in comparing the hafnium and uranium solubilities in the glass as functions of redox conditions and glass composition. A methodology has been set up and a specific device has been used to control the oxygen fugacity and the alkali content of the glass. The results show that uranium is far less soluble in the glass than hafnium (HfIV) in reducing conditions. The uranium solubility ranges from 4 to 7 wt% UO2 for an oxygen fugacity below 10-14 atm at 1250°C-1400°C. Uranium oxidation states have been investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES). It has been pointed out that UIV is the main form in the glass for such imposed oxygen fugacities. The second step of this work is to identify the glass-metal interaction mechanisms in order to determine the localization of uranium and its surrogates (Nd, Hf) in the glass-metal system. Mechanisms are mostly ruled by the presence of metallic aluminum and are similar for uranium, neodymium and hafnium. Glass-metal interaction kinetics demonstrate that uranium and its surrogates can temporarily be reduced into the metallic form for particular conditions. A re-oxidation occurs with time which is in good agreement with thermodynamics. Regarding uranium, the re-oxidation process must be corroborated. Finally, the formation and dissolution processes of the different crystalline phases observed during these glass-metal interactions have been studied using a thermodynamic approach based on phase diagrams
Diallo, Babacar. "Etude structurale des phénomènes de séparation de phases dans des verres d'oxydes aluminosilicatés et borosilicatés : application à la synthèse de vitrocéramiques." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE3014.
Full textPhase separation phenomena in glasses correspond to the formation of heterogeneities during melting,quenching, or any other heat treatment. These heterogeneities modifies the homogeneity and thephysicochemical properties of glasses in the liquid state and can affect shaping operation of glasses. Thus,phase separation study is particularly interesting in the context of glasses formulation and glass-ceramicssynthesis. Indeed, the microstructures induced by the phase separation often lead to regularly distributedvitreous domains in a vitreous matrix, which can be crystallized under an appropriate heat treatment. So, thestructural modifications generated by the phase separation in ternary lanthanum aluminosilicate LaAS,lanthanum borosilicate LaBS and barium borosilicate BaBS is studied by using high resolution solid state NMRto understand the structural changes caused by the phase separation for glass ceramics synthesis
Novikov, Alexey. "Structure and dynamics of aluminosilicate glasses and melts." Thesis, Orléans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ORLE2041/document.
Full textThree ternary systems (SAS, BAS and ZAS) have been investigated within the framework of the PhD thesis. The main goals were the elaboration and characterization of previously poorly studied Sr, Ba and Zn aluminosilicate glasses. A systematic study has been carried out on glasses and in some cases on melts with various MO/Al₂O₃ (M = Sr, Ba, Zn) and SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratios. The compositions studied cover a significant part of the ternary diagrams (from silicates to peraluminous glasses, from silica-poor to silica-rich compositions). This allowed expanding our knowledge of the vitrification domains in these systems. In order to obtain information on the structure and macroscopic properties of SAS, BAS and ZAS glasses, a multi-technique approach has been implemented. Such approach allows having a broad view on the systems and finding nano- to microscopic origins of macroscopic properties. The techniques used during the thesis probe short- (NMR, ND) to medium-range (Raman) scale and among the properties studied were density, viscosity and glass transition temperature. The data resulting from this thesis provides a better understanding of the changes in the structure and macroscopic properties of the aluminosilicate glasses produced by variations in MO/Al₂O₃ or SiO₂/Al₂O₃, or by the nature of non-network forming cation
Podda, Olivier. "Solubilité et spéciation de l’uranium dans les liquides aluminosilicatés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0052.
Full textIn the frame of the development of new nuclear waste vitrification processes, solid waste with actinides contaminated metals are under interest. Whatever the objective is; waste conditioning or decontamination, this is necessary to solubilize actinides in the molten glass. However, during the high temperature vitrification process, the metallic phase nature modifies the reducing conditions imposed to the molten glass and its redox potential. Such conditions have a strong impact on uranium solubility directly related to its oxidation state. The present study aims to provide important data on the uranium behavior (behavior in the glass melt, crystallization, proportion and structure of oxidation states) over a wide redox range. An approach coupling the determination of the uranium solubility with that of its oxidation states as a function of the conditions of elaboration was set up for the first time. For this purpose, several aluminosilicate glasses belonging to the ternary systems CAS (CaO-Al2O3-SiO2) and MAS (MgO-Al2O3-SiO2) were elaborated and doped with 20%wt of UO2, then the redox conditions were imposed by a CO(g)/CO2(g) gas mixture. The results indicate that the uranium solubility in glasses is dependent on the redox conditions imposed and on the composition of the glass. The study of uranium speciation by high-resolution X-ray absorption spectroscopy (HERFD-XANES) allowed the modelization of the evolution of the proportion of uranium oxidation states as a function of glass melt redox. The structure of the oxidation states was determined by coupling two complementary methods of EXAFS spectra analysis. The results obtained indicate that the structures of UVI and UIV are similar to those determined by different authors in the literature. However, the structure of UV seems to be dependent on the redox conditions
Pukhkaya, V. "Influence de l'environnement des ions Yb3+ et Er3+ sur l'évolution de leurs propriétés de luminescence dans des verres d'oxydes sous l'irradiation ionisante." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00939232.
Full textLambert, Julien. "Etude structurale d’aluminosilicates de calcium : application à la valorisation de déchets amiantés pour le stockage thermique d’énergie solaire." Thesis, Orléans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ORLE2012.
Full textThe aim of this work is to establish relationships between structural properties and production conditions of a vitrified asbestos-containing wastes ceramics (commercially named Cofalit®), with the goal of elaborating a prototype for thermal energy storage of solar energy. Despite various waste sources, the variations of composition observed for this material are limited. On the contrary, the production conditions (cooling stage in particular) induce important differences in the material microstructure. The analysis of a Cofalit core sample allowed us to determine the crystallisation mechanisms during its fabrication process (uncontrolled cooling), leading to a mixture of vitreous and crystalline phases. We propose a structural study (by XRD and NMR) and crystallization properties analyses of synthetic samples, representative of the industrial material. Observed variations of composition on the latter are simulated by additions of silica and lime. The influence of iron oxide content on radiative, structural and crystallization properties (of both glass and ceramic samples) have also been investigated. The following of the sequential crystallisation of ceramic samples has finally been performed using in situ high temperature XRD, from glassy state and during cooling from liquid state. These tests show that the Cofalit crystallizes completely for rates lower than 10 K/min. The high temperature stability on a structural level has also been demonstrated during annealings
Richaud, Dominique. "Optimisation des caractéristiques des résidus vitreux obtenus à l'issue du traitement de déchets radioactifs par torche à plasma." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPG0183.
Full textChoulet, Anne. "Influence du fer sur la cristallisation de verres aluminosilicatés." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066655.
Full textGlatz, Pauline. "Influence de P2O5 sur la structure et la nucléation de verres d'aluminosilicates d'alcalins." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS302.
Full textGlass-ceramics are materials obtained by partial and controlled crystallization of parent glasses. They have the advantages of the glass, easiness of glass shaping, and new properties compare to glasses and crystals. Nucleation is the first step of the crystallization process, and its control is a key step to optimize materials properties. In commercial materials, nucleating agents are added to promote volume crystallization of the phase of interest. Nevertheless, their action mechanisms are not well-understood.The aim of this PhD thesis is to have a better understanding of the role of a nucleating agent, P2O5, in two alkali aluminosilicate systems as a function of composition : P2O5 and Al2O3 contents, nature of alkali (lithium or sodium). We study the influence of P2O5 on the glass structure and the local environment of phosphorus. Addition of P2O5 results in a polymeri- zation of the network and its local environment depends on alumina content. Two compositions with different crystallization behaviors are studied : a correlation exists between the local en- vironment of phosphorus in the glass and its nucleating role. P2O5 favors volume nucleation when phosphate species are isolated and surrounded by alkali and when they are in a sufficient amount. Modifications of the local environment of phosphorus with heat treatments are linked to modifications at a larger scale. The first nuclei are related to the clusterization of these phos- phate species
Bouhadja, Mohammed. "Modélisation des verres d 'aluminosilmicates de calcium par dynamique moléculaire : Structure et dynamique." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961955.
Full textBouchouicha, Hamed. "Élaboration, caractérisation structurale et étude des propriétés de luminescence des verres et des vitrocéramiques alumino-silicatés de calcium dopés à l'europium." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1035/document.
Full textThis work concerns the study of calcium aluminosilicate glass doped with europium and their process of crystallization as glass-ceramics as part of the search for new phosphors for white LED application. We studied three glass samples with different silica contents and have elaborated crystallized glass-ceramics. Characterization of glasses and glass-ceramics was performed by different experimental techniques: thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The spectroscopic properties of the europium ion in the glass and glass-ceramic synthesized were studied.Control of crystallization of GC34 and GC50 glass-ceramics by X-ray diffraction have been identified two phases, melilite and anorthite. In the case of the GC7 glass-ceramic, a single aluminum calcium phase, mayenite which crystallized predominantly. The study by Raman spectroscopy allowed to follow the evolution of the crystallization during heat treatment in the surface and of glass-ceramics. We have shown that the crystallization process initiate at the surface of the samples and corresponds typically to a heterogeneous nucleation. On the other hand, a comparison with similar natural samples allowed us to validate all the identifications.In the case of GC34 and GC50 glass-ceramics, emission spectra and lifetimes of Eu3+ ion clearly show its incorporation into the new-formed crystalline phases. The Eu3+ ion occupy the Ca2+ sites (CN = 8) in the major mélilite phase of the the GC34 glass-ceramic while, it incorporates the Ca2+ sites (CN = 6 and 7) and Ca2+ (CN = 8) of anorthite and mélilite phases formed in the GC50 glass-ceramic, respectively. These results were confirmed by Fluorescence Line Narrowing (FLN) measurements. The study of emission spectra of the Eu2+ ion allowed highlighting changes during crystallization associated with the reduction of the Eu3+ ions during annealing. In the case of the low silicate GC7 glass-ceramic, emission spectra and lifetimes measurements of the Eu3+ ion show that the Eu3+ ions are incorporated into the mayenite phase. In terms of application, the analyses of the trichromatic coordinates suggest that the glass devitrification appears to be an efficient technique to achieve new white LED phosphor materials with intensified (mainly for GC34 and G50 glass-ceramics) and tunable emission by varying composition and/or excitation
Daniel, Isabelle. "Aluminosilicates à haute pression et haute température : amorphes, verres, liquides et cristaux : étude par spectroscopie Raman." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10279.
Full textPAROT-RAJAONA, TIANA. "Approche structurale des verres aluminosilicates au lithium par les spectroscopies : infrarouge, raman, brillouin et resonance magnetique nucleaire." Orléans, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ORLE2028.
Full textLe, Cornec Domitille. "Étude de la structure des laitiers vitrifiés de hauts-fourneaux et de leur réactivité à l'eau en milieu basique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS556.
Full textBlast-furnace slag is a by-product of steel industry used as a supplementary cementitious material. This calcium (Ca)-rich aluminosilicate glass has latent hydraulic properties. It can be used to make slag cements with low-carbon footprints and high resistances to aggressive environments.The objective of this thesis is, first, to study the glassy structure of slags and its impact on the properties of the material. We use chemically selective techniques (XANES and EXAFS), medium-range analysis (SEM, EPR, PDF) and complete these results with a simulation. The hydration of slag is based on a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism in which Ca plays a significant role. This element is in complex environments and is not randomly distributed in the glassy structure. The Ca sites form a modifier sublattice which could make the dissolution of the slag easier.We, then, study the speciation of titanium (Ti) in the slags. This element is minimally present in the composition but according to industrial reports, it lowers the mechanical resistance of mortars containing slag cements. Ti is mainly five-fold coordinated and stabilizes the glassy structure. This could lead to a loss of reactivity of the material and cause the industrially observed performance deterioration. Compressive strength tests are performed on micro-mortars
Gruener, Gisèle. "Proprietes de transport dans des aluminosilicates du systeme cao-sio 2-al 2o 3 : du liquide au verre : application a la stabilisation des dechets." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE2043.
Full textLe, Losq Charles. "Rôle des éléments alcalins et de l'eau sur les propriétés et la structure des aluminosilicates fondus et vitreux : implications volcanologiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923471.
Full textGANSTER, Patrick. "Modélisation de verres intervenant dans le conditionnement des déchets radioactifs par dynamiques moléculaires classique et ab initio." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007894.
Full textL'étude des effets de taille, en DM classique, montre que les systèmes de 100 atomes présentent un caractère plus ordonné par rapport à des systèmes de plus grande taille. L'effet observé est principalement lié à l'utilisation de termes de potentiels 3-corps. Non observable sur les facteurs de structure neutronique, le facteur calculé à partir d'une structure modélisée est en bonne adéquation avec une mesure expérimentale et valide le modèle classique. Les structures modélisées présentent un excès d'atomes d'oxygènes non pontants qui peuvent être compensés par des atomes d'oxygène tricoordonnés. L'exclusion non totale des atomes aluminium est aussi mis en évidence.
La poursuite de la dynamique en DM ab initio de systèmes de 100 et 200 atomes fabriqué en DM classique permet d'affiner localement les structures (distances interatomiques, angles). Une description plus réaliste des vibrations est obtenue.
La modélisation de films minces en DM classique montre une zone enrichie en calcium en sub-surface où l'on observe une dépolymérisation du réseau vitreux. L'aluminium s'étend le plus en surface et s'y trouve tricoordonné. La distribution atomique des films et les entités AlO_3 sont confirmés par un ajustement en DM ab initio. En DM classique, les atomes d'aluminium produisent un fort champ électrique au dessus de la surface et ils constituent, avec les sites NBO-Ca, des zones réactives avec H_2O.
Alahraché, Salaheddine. "Vitrocéramiques transparentes d'aluminates : mécanismes de cristallisation et étude structurale." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00831691.
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