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Academic literature on the topic 'Verres de phosphate – Fissuration'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Verres de phosphate – Fissuration"
Etter, Stéphanie. "Etude de la corrosion sous contrainte de certains verres d'aluminophosphates de calcium : effet de la teneur en alumine." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20234.
Full textOugier-Simonin, Audrey. "Propriétés mécaniques et de transport des verres fissurés." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077187.
Full textGlass is an ideal elastic-brittle material. Although cracking in glass has been much investigated, going back to the pioneer work of Griffith, investigations under confining pressure have not been done so far. Besides, as glass results of the solidification of variable fused silicate mix, the impact of thermal cracking in this material cannot be neglected. This is particularly significant when considering the study of the vitrified nuclear waste packages in geological storage condition where, in the worst case, fluid flow could be expected over a long time. Our study aims at investigating thermo-mechanical cracking effects on elastic wave velocities, mechanical strength and permeability under pressure to document damage evolution on SON68 glasses (original samples and thermally cracked - following a reproducible method - samples). The experimental setup enabled to monitor and vary independently confining pressure, axial stress and pore pressure at room temperature. An optimized set of sensors allowed us to perform measurements during the experiments of the local strain evolution and elastic wave velocities. We mainly observed that: (i) the original glass exhibits a linear and reversible mechanical behavior and isotropic elastic velocities, (ii) the thermal treatment has a strong influence on the glass mechanical résistance but (iii) a variable influence on the glass elastic properties Our results also exhibit the crack closure under confining pressure. As a consequence, the permeability decreased as a function of the cubic crack aperture up to interatomic diffusion level
Chabauty, Anne-Lise. "Conditionnement de l’iode radioactif dans des verres de phosphate d’argent." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R034/document.
Full textIodine 129 is a radioactive waste coming from the nuclear industry, which is currently handled by isotopic dilution. As a part of the assessment of alternative solutions, this work focuses on the study of the feasibility of iodine conditioning using a glass matrix aiming at a long-term storage in a geological repository. Silver phosphate glasses, which can incorporate high amounts of iodine and can be synthesized at low temperature, were chosen for this study. In order to increase their chemical durability, theses glasses were crosslinked by niobium and bismuth oxides. Phospho-molybdenum glasses, crosslinked by niobium, were also synthesized. Niobium and bismuth incorporation limits were determined for an iodine amount of 12 wt% and range from 1.6 mol% to 4.0 mol%, depending on the Ag2O/P2O5 ratio and the amount of MoO3. Structural investigations show that the introduction of those crosslinking reagents induces a significant increase of the polymerization degree of the glasses. Despite this higher connectivity, the two crosslinking reagents have a low impact on the thermal properties of iodine-containing silver phosphate glasses, as well as on their resistance to alteration in aqueous medium. However, phospho-molybdenum glasses containing iodine and crosslinked by niobium display an increase of their glass transition temperature and of their chemical durability. Indeed, the alteration rate decreases from a factor 100 for a phospo-molybdenum glass containing 4.0 mol% of Nb2O5 in comparison to a pure phosphate glass, with the apparition of a residual alteration regime. In clay-equilibrated water, however, this tendency is not verified
Donze, Sébastien. "Conversion des chlorures de métaux lourds en verres de phosphate." Compiègne, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999COMP1222.
Full textDuring fly ash vitrification processes, heavy metals volatilize and are recovered into chlorinated salts, called secondary ashes. Due to the volatility of heavy metal chloride compounds, the thermal treatment of these secondary ashes must involve first the conversion of the toxic chlorinated salts into a thermaly stable form. Therefore, we propose a method for the stabilisation of heavy metal wastes generated in fly ashes vitrification processes, based on the batch conversion of çhlorinated species (heavy metal chlorides and alkali chlorides) with ammonium dihydrogenphosphate, that produces phosphate glasses. Our approach of the problem is dual. First, we have stated, thanks to elemental analyses, the different chemical reactions of the conversion mechanism as a fonction of the batch composition. Secondly, the structural study of the phosphate glasses obtained by the thermal conversion process have been achieved using NMR spectroscopy. To set about this study, we have prepared synthetic mixtures to be converted. The first one is a simplified batch, containing PbC12 and CdCl2 only. The second one contains also also sodium chloride and potassium chloride and the batch compositions are choosen so that they correspond to an average secondary ash composition. Finally, some results about the chemical durability of the phosphate glasses obtained by the conversion process are presented and the improvement of the chemical durability of these phosphate glasses with iron oxide addition is discussed
Mallet, Céline. "Etude de la fissuration des verres de stockage : comportement en condition de stockage géologique." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENSU0001/document.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is the study of crack behavior in glass. In particular, the long term effects ofcompressive stresses are observed through creep tests. The used experimental apparatus is a triaxial celldesigned to investigate the mechanical and physical properties of rocks under conditions of effective pressure,deviatoric stress, pore pressure and temperature. A set of sensors allows to measure radial and axialstrain, elastic wave velocities and acoustic emissions. The original boro-silicate glass samples are producedby the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA). We observe that original glass has an elastic-brittlebehavior and a high mechanical strength. Then, the studied crack network is introduced with a thermalshock. The microstructural study of the initial crack network reveals that the thermal shock induces tensilestresses at sample edges which nucleate cracks. The network is homogeneous and has a transverseisotropic symmetry. The crack density can be measured from Scanning Electron Microscopy images andcan also be inferred from elastic wave velocities. Creep experiments evidenced the sub-critical crack propagation.A theoretical model, that links a crack propagation law to a “wing-crack” geometry, describesthe experimental behavior. A last point is reported that investigates the fluid role in crack behavior. Weobserve that the crack propagation is enhanced by the presence of a pore fluid. Chemical corrosion canalso be measured at our laboratory scale
Le, Houérou Vincent. "Rayabilité des verres silico-sodo-calciques." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S067.
Full textHin, Sovannara. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de plasticité et de fissuration de verres métalliques massifs." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS402/document.
Full textAmorphous alloys or metallic glasses are relatively new materials, dating back to over fifty years. They exhibit exceptional mechanical properties (strength, hardness, toughness, stored elastic energy …), compared to those of most crystalline metallic alloys. Their apparent brittleness in uniaxial loading, however, is a major obstacle to their wide application and thus their industrialization. Studies on the cracking and fracture of these materials have so far been sparse and relatively contradictory in their results. The objectives of this PhD thesis work on zirconium base metallic glasses are therefore twofold. The first objective is to study their plastic deformation mechanisms by means of heterogeneous tests, namely instrumented indentation and diametral compression. The Brazilian test (or diametrical compression test) is shown, in this context, to be effective in achieving high levels of plastic deformation at the macroscopic scale. This test also allows to study, at a smaller scale, the formation and the propagation of shear bands and to quantify the strain fields during loading by digital image correlation techniques. The results show good reproducibility at these two scales and provide a better estimation of intense deformations occurring in the shear bands. In addition, a reverse analysis based on this test coupled with another heterogeneous test (nanoindentation) is carried out to identify elastoplastic parameters. This procedure shows that a von Mises yield criterion is not relevant for this material and that a Drucker-Prager model is capable of predicting the response. The second objective of this work is to characterize the influence of crystalline defects, linked to different casting processes, present in the amorphous matrix of our metallic glasses, on the initiation and propagation of cracks and on their fracture toughness. The measured fracture toughness and the fractographic analyses of the specimens show that these defects facilitate the pre-cracking, but result in an embrittlement. This latter property, i.e. the resistance to crack propagation or fracture toughness, then proves a good way to distinguish the different synthesis qualities of these amorphous alloys
Obaton, Anne-Françoise. "Nouveaux verres de phosphate codopés Yb3+-Er3+ pour laser à sécurité oculaire." La Rochelle, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LAROS027.
Full textDériano, Sébastien. "Conception chimique de verres silicatés à hautes performances mécaniques." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10154.
Full textFarano, Vincenzo. "An investigation into different phosphate glass processing routes and the role of phosphate glass in dental collagen-based scaffolds." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1192/document.
Full textThis thesis concerns the development of a new series of Sr-doped phosphate-based glasses for biomedical applications. Such glasses in powder form are envisaged to have applications in novel composite restorations where the following is achievable: dentin cell-mediated bioremineralization, dental pulp regeneration and as carrier for therapeutics or antibacterial ions.The initial aim was to produce soluble porous phosphate glasses using the sol-gel method (phosphate-alkoxide based sol-gel process). Knowing the effect that the variation of Ca content has on the dissolution properties of the glass, a series of glasses where Ca was progressively increased at the expense of Na was produced. The structure of the prepared samples was probed by XRD, XRF and FTIR to confirm the successful synthesis of the target phosphate-based glass compositions. After that a promising methodology was established, attempts were made to replace Ca with Sr. Different Sr sources were used without success due to the difficulty to fully dissolve those precursors in the sol-gel mixture. Subsequently, the issue of the toxicity of some precursors and solvents used in the sol-gel procedure was recognised. To overcome this obstacle, efforts were made to replace the toxic precursor chemicals with safer ones. Nevertheless, due to the low solubility of some new precursors and the low reactivity of others, the sol-gel process did not proceed in a predictable and reproducible fashion. At this stage, the sol-gel route was put aside, and two alternative soft and water-based chemical approaches were experimented: the precipitation method and the coacervation process. The first one was found to be unsuitable for our needs for two main reasons: 1) the presence of Na in the composition generated a crystalline material (instead of a glassy amorphous one); 2) the Ca/P ratio of our composition fell in the range of crystalline phase by using this method. In addition, the yield was really low. The second method (coacervation process) was a complete success. The glassy nature of the materials obtained was proved by XRD and XRF and the surface features were tested by BET and SEM. The process was retained for a while as the preferred synthesis route and both the scale-up effect and the possibility to add Sr were analysed. The production scale of the material was increased by 5 times and different Sr sources were tested to find the best one. XRD and XRF analysis proved both the success of the scale-up and the incorporation of the Sr in glass composition