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1

Hunter, John P. "Evolution at All Scales in the Vertebrate Fossil Record." Paleontological Society Special Publications 11 (2002): 165–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200009898.

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The fossil record of vertebrates provides abundant evidence for both the fact and the theory of evolution (Carroll, 1997; Prothero and Schoch, 1994). In support of the fact that evolution has indeed occurred, the vertebrate fossil record clearly documents evolutionary change along lineages, that is, along direct lines of ancestors and descendents. The fossil record also shows step-wise evolutionary changes resulting in the emergence of new kinds of vertebrates from pre-existing kinds—for example, the origin of mammals from the “mammal-like” reptiles. In support of the theory that natural selec
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2

Hunter, John P. "Evolution at all Scales in the Vertebrate Fossil Record." Paleontological Society Special Publications 9 (1999): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s247526220001409x.

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The fossil record of vertebrates provides abundant evidence for both the fact and the theory of evolution (Carroll, 1997; Prothero and Schoch, 1994). In support of the fact that evolution has indeed occurred, the vertebrate fossil record clearly documents evolutionary change along lineages, that is, along direct lines of ancestors and descendents. The fossil record also shows step-wise evolutionary changes resulting in the emergence of new kinds of vertebrates from pre-existing kinds, for example, the origin of mammals from the “mammal-like” reptiles. In support of the theory that natural sele
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3

Joyce, Walter G., Norbert Micklich, Stephan F. K. Schaal, and Torsten M. Scheyer. "Caught in the act: the first record of copulating fossil vertebrates." Biology Letters 8, no. 5 (2012): 846–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0361.

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The behaviour of fossil organisms can typically be inferred only indirectly, but rare fossil finds can provide surprising insights. Here, we report from the Eocene Messel Pit Fossil Site between Darmstadt and Frankfurt, Germany numerous pairs of the fossil carettochelyid turtle Allaeochelys crassesculpta that represent for the first time among fossil vertebrates couples that perished during copulation. Females of this taxon can be distinguished from males by their relatively shorter tails and development of plastral kinesis. The preservation of mating pairs has important taphonomic implication
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4

Steward, Donald I. "CING 54. Leicestershire Museum and Art Gallery, Leicester." Geological Curator 5, no. 1 (1988): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc562.

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Geological public service: permanent display, two galleries; access to reserve collection by appointment; five geological staff; identification service; NSGSD record centre for Leicestershire. Geological collections: c.85,000 specimens; good local and general coverage of rocks, minerals and fossils, also maps, manuscripts, personalia and photographs; condition 90% good; systematically stored and most of collection registered; major strengths in Precambrian fossils and Jurassic vertebrates; type, figured and cited material. July 1986....
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5

Burney, David A., Haingoson Andriamialison, Radosoa A. Andrianaivoarivelo, et al. "Subfossil lemur discoveries from the Beanka Protected Area in western Madagascar." Quaternary Research 93 (October 2, 2019): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.54.

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AbstractA new fossil site in a previously unexplored part of western Madagascar (the Beanka Protected Area) has yielded remains of many recently extinct vertebrates, including giant lemurs (Babakotia radofilai, Palaeopropithecus kelyus, Pachylemur sp., and Archaeolemur edwardsi), carnivores (Cryptoprocta spelea), the aardvark-like Plesiorycteropus sp., and giant ground cuckoos (Coua). Many of these represent considerable range extensions. Extant species that were extirpated from the region (e.g., Prolemur simus) are also present. Calibrated radiocarbon ages for 10 bones from extinct primates s
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6

Novacek, Michael J. "The Radiation of Placental Mammals." Short Courses in Paleontology 7 (1994): 220–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001331.

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The placental or eutherian mammals comprise about twenty living orders and several extinct ones. The morphological and adaptive range of this group is extraordinary; diversification has produced lineages as varied as humans and their primate relatives, flying bats, swimming whales, ant-eating anteaters, pangolins and aardvarks, a baroque extravagance of horned, antlered, and trunk-nosed herbivores (ungulates), as well as the supremely diverse rats, mice, beavers and porcupines of the order Rodentia. Such adaptive diversity, and the emergence of thousands of living and fossil species, apparentl
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7

MacFadden, Bruce J., and Richard C. Hulbert. "Calibration of mammoth (Mammuthus) dispersal into North America using rare earth elements of Plio-Pleistocene mammals from Florida." Quaternary Research 71, no. 1 (2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2008.04.008.

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AbstractThe first appearance of mammoth (Mammuthus) is currently used to define the beginning of the Irvingtonian North American Land Mammal Age at about 1.4 Ma. Thereafter, mammoth fossils are common and widespread in North America until the end of the Pleistocene. In contrast to this generally accepted biochronology, recent reports have asserted that mammoth occurs in late Pliocene (ca. 2.5 Ma) alluvium from the Santa Fe River of northern Florida. The supposedly contemporaneous late Pliocene fossil assemblage from the Santa Fe River that produced the mammoth specimens actually consists of a
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8

Sertich, Joseph J. W., Richard K. Stucky, H. Gregory McDonald, et al. "High-elevation late Pleistocene (MIS 6–5) vertebrate faunas from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado." Quaternary Research 82, no. 3 (2014): 504–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.08.002.

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AbstractThe vertebrate record at the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site (ZRFS) near Snowmass Village, Colorado ranges from ~140 to 77 ka, spanning all of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5. The site contains at least 52 taxa of macro- and microvertebrates, including one fish, three amphibian, four reptile, ten bird, and 34 mammal taxa. The most common vertebrate is Ambystoma tigrinum (tiger salamander), which is represented by >22,000 elements representing the entire life cycle. The mastodon, Mammut americanum, is the most common mammal, and is documented by >1800 skeletal elements making th
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9

Pilny, Jerry J., and Alan V. Morgan. "Paleoentomology and Paleoecology of a Possible Sangamonian Site Near Innerkip, Ontario." Quaternary Research 28, no. 1 (1987): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(87)90040-8.

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AbstractA stream section near Innerkip, Ontario, exposes several meters of organic silts and peaty detritus beneath two late Wisconsinan tills. Radiocarbon dates provide a minimal middle Wisconsinan age of >50,000 yr B.P. A 250-kg bulk sample from the peat stratum was processed for vertebrates, plant macrofossils, and insects. Vertebrate remains include teeth from deer, muskrat, and vole as well as plates from a turtle shell. At least 6000 insect fragments from a minimum of 19 Coleoptera families were identified. The most common groups are hydrophilids and dytiscids (water beetles), curculi
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10

Hamilton, Thomas D., Gail M. Ashley, Katherine M. Reed, and Charles E. Schweger. "Late Pleistocene Vertebrates and Other Fossils from Epiguruk, Northwestern Alaska." Quaternary Research 39, no. 3 (1993): 381–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1045.

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AbstractSediments exposed at Epiguruk, a large cutbank on the Kobuk River about 170 km inland from Kotzebue Sound, record multiple episodes of glacial-age alluviation followed by interstadial downcutting and formation of paleosols. Vertebrate remains from Epiguruk include mammoth, bison, caribou, an equid, a canid, arctic ground squirrel, lemmings, and voles. Radiocarbon ages of bone validated by concordant ages of peat and wood span the interval between about 37,000 and 14,000 yr B.P. The late Pleistocene pollen record is dominated by Cyperaceae, with Artemisia, Salix, Betula, and Gramineae a
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11

Brennan, Ian G., and J. Scott Keogh. "Miocene biome turnover drove conservative body size evolution across Australian vertebrates." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1889 (2018): 20181474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1474.

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On deep time scales, changing climatic trends can have a predictable influence on macroevolution. From evidence of mass extinctions, we know that rapid climatic oscillations can indirectly open niche space and precipitate adaptive radiation, changing the course of ecological diversification. These dramatic shifts in the global climate, however, are rare events relative to extended periods of protracted climate change and biome turnover. It remains unclear whether during gradually changing periods, shifting habitats may instead promote non-adaptive speciation by facilitating allopatry and pheno
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12

Johnson, Kirk R., Ian M. Miller, and Jeffrey S. Pigati. "Introduction to the Snowmastodon Project Special Volume The Snowmastodon Project." Quaternary Research 82, no. 3 (2014): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2013.12.010.

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Studies of terrestrial biotic and environmental dynamics of Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage (MIS) 5, also called the Last Interglacial Period, provide insight into the effects of long-term climate change on Pleistocene ecosystems. In North America, however, there are relatively few fossil sites that definitively date to MIS 5. Even fewer contain multiple ecosystem components (vertebrates, invertebrates, plants) that have been studied in detail, and none are located at high elevation. Thus, our view of North American ecosystems during MIS 5 is, at best, an incomplete composite view, and alpine ecos
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13

Lipps, Jere H., and Karen L. Wetmore. "Transfers of algal, microfossil, plant, and vertebrate materials to the University of California Museum of Paleontology." Journal of Paleontology 67, no. 5 (1993): 894–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000037161.

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The university of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP), located on the Berkeley Campus, is a major repository of fossils and paleontological materials. The collection, one of the largest in the nation, originated in 1873 and has been added to continuously since then. In 1921, the Museum of Paleontology was officially initiated with an endowment though the generosity of Annie Alexander of Oakland, California (Grinnell, 1958). The UCMP collections are divided into four specimen collection management units and one collection of paleontological materials, such as rock, sediment, and amber samp
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14

Monge-Nájera, Julián. "Evaluation of the hypothesis of the Monster of Troy vase as the earliest artistic record of a vertebrate fossil." Uniciencia 34, no. 1 (2020): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ru.34-1.9.

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The Monster of Troy, depicted in a 6th Century BC Corinthian vase, has been proposed to be the earliest artistic record of a vertebrate fossil, possibly a Miocene giraffe (Samotherium sp.). The purpose of the paper was to analyze the giraffe hypothesis using four approaches: a double-blind random design in which 78 biologists compared the vase skull with Samotherium and several reptiles; an informed survey of 30 art and science students who critically assessed the hypothesis based on images of candidate species; an objective computerized mathematical comparison of the images; and a detailed mo
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15

Monge-Nájera, J. "Evaluation of the hypothesis of the Monster of Troy vase as the earliest artistic record of a vertebrate fossil." Uniciencia 34, no. 1 (2020): 147–51. https://doi.org/10.15359/ru.34-1.9.

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The Monster of Troy, depicted in a 6th Century BC Corinthian vase, has been proposed to be the earliest artistic record of a vertebrate fossil, possibly a Miocene giraffe (Samotherium sp.). The purpose of the paper was to analyze the giraffe hypothesis using four approaches: a double-blind random design in which 78 biologists compared the vase skull with Samotherium and several reptiles; an informed survey of 30 art and science students who critically assessed the hypothesis based on images of candidate species; an objective computerized mathematical comparison of the images; and a detailed mo
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16

Emslie, Steven D., and David J. Meltzer. "Late Quaternary vertebrates from the Upper Gunnison Basin, Colorado, and small-mammal community resilience to climate change since the last glacial maximum." Quaternary Research 92, no. 2 (2019): 388–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2019.26.

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AbstractThe Upper Gunnison Basin (UGB), Colorado, is a montane region characterized by unusual physiography and topographic isolation. Excavations of three caves in the UGB provide one of the most diverse records of high-elevation late Quaternary vertebrates in North America. The localities, Haystack Cave (2450 m above sea level [m asl]), Cement Creek Cave (2860 m asl), and Signature Cave (3055 m asl), together provide a near-continuous record of vertebrate communities that extends from before the last glacial maximum to the present. These communities largely represent a sagebrush (Artemisiasp
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17

Harris, Arthur H. "Wisconsinan Pre-Pleniglacial Biotic Change in Southeastern New Mexico." Quaternary Research 40, no. 1 (1993): 127–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1063.

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AbstractInterpretation of a 1.5-m mid- to late- Wisconsinan stratigraphic sequence containing fossil vertebrates from the Animal Fair Site in Dry Cave, Eddy County, New Mexico, suggests a progression of habitats, all cooler and moister than today. Mid-Wisconsinan semiarid, moderately warm grasslands or grassy woodlands initially were replaced by cooler, more mesic, grassy woodlands; these were followed by cool, relatively dense sagebrush-grassland-woodland with elements from mixed-coniferous forest. A minor reversal of trend toward earlier, warmer conditions appears at the top of the section.
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18

Bradley, Lawrence. "Dinosaurs and Indians: Fossil Resource Dispossession of Sioux Lands, 1846-1875." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 38, no. 3 (2014): 55–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicr.38.3.w4l1q51m13442202.

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The emergence of vertebrate paleontology as an established, scientific discipline can in part be attributed to large vertebrate fossils found on land dispossessed from indigenous populations from around the world. Specifically, geographic locations of the North American continental interior are known to yield fossiliferous stratagraphic sequences. I argue that vertebrate fossils are another natural resource dispossessed from Native peoples within the historical boundaries of Sioux lands. This body of research discusses the physical and geographical evidence of the first quarter-century of foss
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19

Koch, Paul L., and Ralph F. Stearley. "Fossil Vertebrates." Rocks & Minerals 62, no. 3 (1987): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00357529.1987.11762649.

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20

Williams, John W., Eric C. Grimm, Jessica L. Blois, et al. "The Neotoma Paleoecology Database, a multiproxy, international, community-curated data resource." Quaternary Research 89, no. 1 (2018): 156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.105.

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AbstractThe Neotoma Paleoecology Database is a community-curated data resource that supports interdisciplinary global change research by enabling broad-scale studies of taxon and community diversity, distributions, and dynamics during the large environmental changes of the past. By consolidating many kinds of data into a common repository, Neotoma lowers costs of paleodata management, makes paleoecological data openly available, and offers a high-quality, curated resource. Neotoma’s distributed scientific governance model is flexible and scalable, with many open pathways for participation by n
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21

CROUCHER, RON. "Mounting fossil vertebrates." Geology Today 2, no. 2 (1986): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2451.1986.tb01017.x.

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22

IULIIS, GERARDO DE. "Bolivian fossil vertebrates." Lethaia 28, no. 2 (1995): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3931.1995.tb01607.x.

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23

Milner, Andrew. "Cretaceous fossil vertebrates." Cretaceous Research 20, no. 5 (1999): 659–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cres.1999.0174.

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24

McNEILL ALEXANDER, R. "Mechanics of fossil vertebrates." Journal of the Geological Society 146, no. 1 (1989): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.146.1.0041.

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25

Maisey, John G. "Gnathostomes (Jawed Vertebrates)." Short Courses in Paleontology 7 (1994): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475263000001252.

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All living organisms possess mechanisms for obtaining nutrition. Many invertebrates also possess movable mouthparts capable of capturing prey or particulate food (e.g., polychaetes, cephalopods, arthropods and echinoderms). All living vertebrates have specialized mouthparts, and as far as we know all fossil agnathans had them also, but movable jaws supported by an internal skeleton are absent in living and fossil agnathans.
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26

Dollo, Louis. "THE FOSSIL VERTEBRATES OF BELGIUM." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 19, no. 1 (2008): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1909.tb56913.x.

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27

Lucas, Spencer G. "Fossil vertebrates, biostratigraphy, biochronology and chronostratigraphy." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 667 (June 2025): 112890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2025.112890.

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28

Sansom, Robert S., Emma Randle, and Philip C. J. Donoghue. "Discriminating signal from noise in the fossil record of early vertebrates reveals cryptic evolutionary history." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 282, no. 1800 (2015): 20142245. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2245.

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The fossil record of early vertebrates has been influential in elucidating the evolutionary assembly of the gnathostome bodyplan. Understanding of the timing and tempo of vertebrate innovations remains, however, mired in a literal reading of the fossil record. Early jawless vertebrates (ostracoderms) exhibit restriction to shallow-water environments. The distribution of their stratigraphic occurrences therefore reflects not only flux in diversity, but also secular variation in facies representation of the rock record. Using stratigraphic, phylogenetic and palaeoenvironmental data, we assessed
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29

Bao, H., P. L. Koch, and R. P. Hepple. "Hematite and calcite coatings on fossil vertebrates." Journal of Sedimentary Research 68, no. 5 (1998): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.68.727.

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30

Young, C. C. "Fossil Vertebrates from Kuangyuan, N. Szechuan, China*." Bulletin of the Geological Society of China 22, no. 3-4 (2009): 293–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6724.1942.mp223-4016.x.

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31

Heidt, Amanda. "Rare fossil implies deep roots for vertebrates." Science 381, no. 6653 (2023): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.adj5605.

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32

Chin, Karen. "Analyses of Coprolites Produced by Carnivorous Vertebrates." Paleontological Society Papers 8 (October 2002): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1089332600001042.

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The fossil record contains far more coprolites produced by carnivorous animals than by herbivores. This inequity reflects the fact that feces generated by diets of flesh and bone (and other skeletal materials) contain chemical constituents that may precipitate out under certain conditions as permineralizing phosphates. Thus, although coprolites are usually less common than fossil bones, they provide a significant source of information about ancient patterns of predation. The identity of a coprolite producer often remains unresolved, but fossil feces can provide new perspectives on prey selecti
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33

Whitelaw, Michael John. "Age Constraints on the Duck Ponds and Limeburner's Point Mammalian Faunas Based on Magnetic Polarity Stratigraphy in the Geelong Area (Victoria), Australia." Quaternary Research 39, no. 1 (1993): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1993.1014.

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AbstractNew magnetostratigraphic results may be used to determine the age of two locally important fossil vertebrate faunas near Geelong (Victoria), Australia. Paleomagnetic samples collected from sections located at Limeburner's Point and Limeburner's Bay, together with previously suggested stratigraphic correlations, now constrain the age of the Duck Ponds Local Fauna to be younger than 1.66 myr (and probably greater than 0.98 myr) and the age of the Limeburner's Point Local Fauna to be younger than 0.98 myr. These age determinations enhance the biostratigraphic importance of both local faun
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34

Randle, Emma, and Robert S. Sansom. "Bite marks and predation of fossil jawless fish during the rise of jawed vertebrates." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 286, no. 1917 (2019): 20191596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.1596.

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Although modern vertebrate diversity is dominated by jawed vertebrates, early vertebrate assemblages were predominantly composed of jawless fishes. Hypotheses for this faunal shift and the Devonian decline of jawless vertebrates include predation and competitive replacement. The nature and prevalence of ecological interactions between jawed and jawless vertebrates are highly relevant to both hypotheses, but direct evidence is limited. Here, we use the occurrence and distribution of bite mark type traces in fossil jawless armoured heterostracans to infer predation interactions. A total of 41 pr
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Nikolov, Vladimir, Lubomir Metodiev, Docho Dochev, Dimitar Dimitrov, and Latinka Hristova. "New Middle Triassic fossil site with remains of fish and marine reptiles near the village of Tserovo, western Stara Planina Mountain, Bulgaria." Review of the Bulgarian Geological Society 85, no. 3 (2024): 69–72. https://doi.org/10.52215/rev.bgs.2024.85.3.69.

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The fossil record of Triassic jawed vertebrates in Bulgaria, marine reptiles in particular, is still notoriously scarce and understudied. We report on a newly discovered fish and sauropterygian material from an otherwise well-studied part of the Middle Triassic Mogila Formation near the village of Tserovo, Svoge Municipality. Some preliminary data on the fossil content of this new vertebrate fossil site is provided.
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Rainger, Ronald. "W. D. Matthew, Fossil Vertebrates and Geological Time." Earth Sciences History 8, no. 2 (1989): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.8.2.t85652q274073676.

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William Diller Matthew (1871-1930) was one of the leading vertebrate paleontologists of the early twentieth century. His taxonomic and phylogenetic researches significantly changed the understanding of evolution of many families and orders of mammals. In addition, Matthew was much concerned with geological questions. His biostratigraphic studies considerably refined understanding of the localities and ranges of Tertiary vertebrate fauna in the western United States, and he extended those interpretations to define correlations between American stratigraphic units and those in other areas of the
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Trinajstic, K., S. Sanchez, V. Dupret, et al. "Fossil Musculature of the Most Primitive Jawed Vertebrates." Science 341, no. 6142 (2013): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1237275.

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38

Martin-Silverstone, Elizabeth, Michael B. Habib, and David W. E. Hone. "Volant Fossil Vertebrates: Potential for Bioinspired Flight Technology." Trends in Ecology & Evolution 35, no. 7 (2020): 618–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2020.03.005.

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39

Landucci, Francesco, Roberto Pini, Salvatore Siano, Renzo Salimbeni, and Elena Pecchioni. "Laser cleaning of fossil vertebrates: a preliminary report." Journal of Cultural Heritage 1 (August 2000): S263—S267. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1296-2074(00)00141-2.

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40

Rayner, Jeremy M. V. "Mechanics and physiology of flight in fossil vertebrates." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 80, no. 3-4 (1989): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300028753.

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ABSTRACTFlight—defined as the ability to produce useful aerodynamic forces by flapping wings—is one of the most demanding adaptations in vertebrates. The mechanical problems of flight ensure considerable external morphological homogeneity and behavioural similarity in extant fliers. Observations of the vortex wakes and wingbeat geometry of modern birds and bats confirm that the two groups are mechanically very similar, despite differences in phylogeny, anatomy and physiology. With this background it is possible to attack two problems: the evolution of flight in vertebrates, and the flight perf
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41

Rossi, Valentina, Maria E. McNamara, Sam M. Webb, Shosuke Ito, and Kazumasa Wakamatsu. "Tissue-specific geometry and chemistry of modern and fossilized melanosomes reveal internal anatomy of extinct vertebrates." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 36 (2019): 17880–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1820285116.

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Recent discoveries of nonintegumentary melanosomes in extant and fossil amphibians offer potential insights into the physiological functions of melanin not directly related to color production, but the phylogenetic distribution and evolutionary history of these internal melanosomes has not been characterized systematically. Here, we present a holistic method to discriminate among melanized tissues by analyzing the anatomical distribution, morphology, and chemistry of melanosomes in various tissues in a phylogenetically broad sample of extant and fossil vertebrates. Our results show that intern
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Bennett, S. Christopher. "Inferring Stratigraphic Position of Fossil Vertebrates from the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas." Bulletin (Kansas Geological Survey), no. 244 (September 28, 2000): 1–26. https://doi.org/10.17161/kgsbulletin.no.244.20396.

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The stratigraphy of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member of the Niobrara Chalk of western Kansas is well understood as a result of the work of Hattin (1982) and Stewart (1988). Marker units identified by Hattin (1982) allow quick determination of the stratigraphic position of a specific outcrop. This study demonstrates that it is now possible to determine the stratigraphic positions of specimens from locality data, thus permitting one to infer stratigraphic position of specimens collected long ago. This technique is particularly useful in the upper half of the Smoky Hill Chalk Member, where biostratigr
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Hayashi, Ryota. "A checklist of turtle and whale barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Coronuloidea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 93, no. 1 (2012): 143–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315412000847.

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A checklist of published records of coronuloid barnacles (Cirripedia: Thoracica: Coronuloidea) attached to marine vertebrates is presented, with 44 species (including 15 fossil species) belonging to 14 genera (including 3 fossil genera) and 3 families recorded. Also included is information on their geographical distribution and the hosts with which they occur.
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Donovan, Stephen K., Daryl P. Domning, Frank A. Garcia, and Harold L. Dixon. "A bone bed in the Eocene of Jamaica." Journal of Paleontology 64, no. 4 (1990): 660–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000042700.

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Pre-pleistocene fossil vertebrates are rare fossils in the Antillean region. The majority of vertebrate deposits found in the West Indies are of Late Pleistocene age, usually, but not always (MacPhee et al., 1989), dating from after the last interglacial. These faunas are cave and fissure accumulations of disarticulated bones of small terrestrial vertebrates, particularly rodents, birds, and lizards. In contrast, pre-Quaternary vertebrates of the Caribbean islands are particularly poorly known. For example, Jamaica, which has one of the most extensively studied fossil records in the region, ha
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Sassoon, J. "The second Westbury Pliosaur: excavation, collection and preparation." Geological Curator 9, no. 3 (2010): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55468/gc218.

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The Lafarge cement works at Westbury, Wiltshire is an important exposure if the Lower Kimmeridge Clay and yields a variety of marine vertebrate fossils. This paper describes the excavation, preparation and taphonomy of a remarkable pliosaurian skeleton discovered in the quarry during the summer of 1994. The find includes a skull, crushed dorso-ventrally, with a well preserved palate and a complete mandible, as well as postcranial material. The specimen, housed in the Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery (BRSMG Cd6172), is currently undergoing a detailed study
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Mahan, Shannon A., Harrison J. Gray, Jeffrey S. Pigati, et al. "A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado." Quaternary Research 82, no. 3 (2014): 490–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2014.03.004.

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AbstractThe Ziegler Reservoir fossil site near Snowmass Village, Colorado (USA), provides a unique opportunity to reconstruct high-altitude paleoenvironmental conditions in the Rocky Mountains during the Last Interglacial Period. We used four different techniques to establish a chronological framework for the site. Radiocarbon dating of lake organics, bone collagen, and shell carbonate, and in situ cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al ages on a boulder on the crest of a moraine that impounded the lake suggest that the ages of the sediments that hosted the fossils are between ~140 ka and >45 ka. Uranium
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Gao, Taiping, Chungkun Shih, and Dong Ren. "Behaviors and Interactions of Insects in Mid-Mesozoic Ecosystems of Northeastern China." Annual Review of Entomology 66, no. 1 (2021): 337–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-072720-095043.

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During the past 20 years, more than 1,600 species of well-preserved fossil insects, including members of over 270 families within 24 orders, have been described from the Middle Jurassic Yanliao Entomofauna and Early Cretaceous Jehol Entomofauna in Northeastern China. Diversified fossil insects not only document the origin, systematics, and early evolution of many lineages, but also reveal these lineages’ behaviors and interactions with coexisting plants, vertebrates, and other insects in their ecosystems. Fossil evidence has been documented, for example, regarding insects’ feeding and pollinat
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Wings, Oliver. "A review of gastrolith function with implications for fossil vertebrates and a revised classification." Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52, no. 1 (2007): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13271846.

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McMillan, R. "The Discovery of Fossil Vertebrates on Missouri's Western Frontier." Earth Sciences History 29, no. 1 (2010): 26–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.29.1.j034662534721751.

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Fossil-bearing sites containing predominantly mastodon, Mammut americanum, remains were discovered west of the Mississippi River on the Osage River in Upper Louisiana only a few decades after the discovery by Longueuil of similar remains at Big Bone Lick in Kentucky. The first excavations were conducted in the 1790s by Pierre Chouteau, a fur trader and member of the founding family of St Louis. Chouteau's work was documented by several early travelers, including Georges-Henri-Victor Collot and later by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, among others. It was from Chouteau's excavation that the
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Janvier, Philippe. "Facts and fancies about early fossil chordates and vertebrates." Nature 520, no. 7548 (2015): 483–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature14437.

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