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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical closed-loop pulsating heat pipe'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

J., Venkata Suresh, Bhramara P., and Nagasri K. "Effect of Pure and Binary Fluids on Thermal Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 1761–21. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.C5612.029320.

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Pulsating heat pipe is the raising methodology of cooling systems in many areas. CLPHP is a passive mode of phase change heat transfer device having potential to transfer heat from source to sink in less span. Heat transfer performance of this method is improving day by day as giving less thermal resistance. Number of experimentations are conducting to increase the efficiency of pulsating heat pipes in many aspects i.e. varying lengths, working fluids, number of turns, different fill ratios, heat inputs and orientation. As taking part of these research a five turn closed loop pulsating heat pi

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2

Sakulchangsatjatai, Phrut, Niti Kammuang-Lue, Kritsada On-Ai, and Pradit Terdtoon. "Correlations to predict thermal performance affected by working fluid’s properties of vertical and horizontal closed-loop pulsating heat pipe." Thermal Science 20, no. 5 (2016): 1555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci140503105s.

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Objectives of this paper are to investigate the effects of dimensionless numbers on the thermal performance, and to establish correlations to predict the thermal performance of the vertical and a horizontal closed-loop pulsating heat pipe. The heat pipes were made of long copper capillary tubes with 26 meandering turns and both the ends were connected together to form a loop. R123, R141b, acetone, ethanol, and water were chosen as variable working fluids with a constant filling ratio of 50% by total volume. The inlet temperature of the heating medium and the adiabatic section temperature were

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3

Kammuang-Lue, Niti, Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai, Pradit Terdtoon, and D. Joseph Mook. "Correlation to Predict the Maximum Heat Flux of a Vertical Closed-Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." Heat Transfer Engineering 30, no. 12 (2009): 961–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457630902837442.

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4

N, Santhi Sree, Bhramara P, Veerabhadra Rao Medidi, Kamala Priya Anthani, Avinash G, and Sindhu K. "Flow Visualization In Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (CLPHP) Using Deep Learning Techniques." E3S Web of Conferences 616 (2025): 02011. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202561602011.

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The present work describes an alternative method for recognizing and tracking the flow in PHP which is based on visualization to address the issue of examining individual flows graphically. For this an experimental analysis which was already carried out on an 8-turn Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe (CLPHP) with copper tube capillary dimensions with 50% fill ratio in vertical mode changing the range of heat inputs by using water as the working fluid is taken as reference. The time and cost required for experimentation and simulation is significantly reduced by using deep learning method. YOLOv5

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5

Pradeep, G. V., and K. Rama Narasimha. "Thermal performance of a vertical closed loop pulsating heat pipe and analysis using dimensionless numbers." JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND SCIENCES 11, no. 4 (2017): 3240–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.11.4.2017.26.0292.

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6

Dixit, T., G. Authelet, C. Mailleret, F. Gouit, and B. Baudouy. "Experimental investigation of vertical neon pulsating heat pipe for superconducting magnet cooling application." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (2022): 012076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012076.

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Abstract Pulsating heat pipes (PHPs) are two-phase flow, thermal transport carriers characterized by ease of fabrication, flexibility of compactness and variable heat transfer capability. Conventionally, cooling of superconducting magnets is realized by using cryogen cooling system. Cryogenic PHPs are emerging as the new-age economical alternative that can passively contribute in efficient transport of generated heat to active cryocoolers. Nevertheless, a number of challenges must be addressed to materialize this union. For this objective, a multipurpose experimental test-rig has been develope

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7

Harne, Shreyas R., and Prof R. S. Mohod. "Experimental Study on Thermal Performance of Dual Diameter Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe Using ZnO/water Nanofluid." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 10 (2022): 1253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47165.

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Abstract: In this paper, experimental study on the thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) with single diameter and dual-diameter structure is investigated. The CLPHP with dual-diameter configuration is made of copper capillary tubes with two diameters; greater in the condenser section (inner diameter of 3mm) and smaller in the evaporator and adiabatic sections (inner diameter of 2mm). Experiment was conducted in vertical orientation with bottom heating mode having two-turns and 50% filling ratio (FR). The water and zinc oxide (ZnO/water) nanofluid with 0.25% and 0.5% w/

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8

Xing, Meibo, Jianlin Yu, and Ruixiang Wang. "Performance of a vertical closed pulsating heat pipe with hydroxylated MWNTs nanofluid." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 112 (September 2017): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.04.112.

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9

Kammuang-Lue, Niti, Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai, and Pradit Terdtoon. "Effect of working fluids and internal diameters on thermal performance of vertical and horizontal closed-loop pulsating heat pipes with multiple heat sources." Thermal Science 20, no. 1 (2016): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci140904141k.

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Some electrical applications have a number of heat sources. The closed-loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) is applied to transfer heat from these devices. Since the CLPHP primarily transfers heat by means of the working fluid?s phase change in a capillary tube, the thermal performance of the CLPHP significantly depends on the working fluid type and the tube?s internal diameter. In order to provide the fundamental information for manufacturers of heat exchangers, this study on the effect of working fluids and internal diameters has been conducted. Three electrical plate heaters were installed on t

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10

Riehl, Roger R. "ADVANCED TWO-PHASE PASSIVE THERMAL CONTROL DEVICES: LOOP HEAT PIPES AND PULSATING HEAT PIPES." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 5, no. 1 (2006): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v5i1.61661.

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This paper presents the development of two-phase passive thermal control devices that can be used at both ground and space applications. These devices operate by acquiring heat through their evaporation section and rejecting through their condensation section, keeping a tight control on the heat source temperature without the presence of moving parts. Recent researches with loop heat pipes (LHPs) have showed the great capability of such a device in managing high levels of heat while keeping the source temperature within certain levels. For this case, experimental tests of a LHP are presented,

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11

Kammuang-Lue, Niti, Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai, Chansin Sriwiset, and Pradit Terdtoon. "Investigation and predictation of optimum meandering turn number of vertical and horizontal closed-loop pulsating heat pipes." Thermal Science 22, no. 1 Part A (2018): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci150707161k.

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12

Wang, Xuehui, Bo Li, Yuying Yan, Neng Gao, and Guangming Chen. "Predicting of thermal resistances of closed vertical meandering pulsating heat pipe using artificial neural network model." Applied Thermal Engineering 149 (February 2019): 1134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.12.142.

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13

Tong, B. Y., T. N. Wong, and K. T. Ooi. "Closed-loop pulsating heat pipe." Applied Thermal Engineering 21, no. 18 (2001): 1845–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-4311(01)00063-1.

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14

N. Santhi Sree et al.,, N. Santhi Sree et al ,. "Thermal Analysis of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 8, no. 2 (2018): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdapr20183.

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15

Verma, Bhawna, V. L. Yadav, and K. K. Srivastava. "HEAT TRANSFER STUDIES IN A CLOSED LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE." Heat Pipe Science and Technology, An International Journal 5, no. 1-4 (2014): 449–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heatpipescietech.v5.i1-4.510.

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16

Giri, K. C. "Study of Thermal Performance of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe using Computational Fluid Dynamics." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (2021): 1384–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38088.

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Abstract: Pulsating heat pipe is a heat transfer device which works on two principles that is phase transition and thermal conductivity which transfer heat effectively at different temperatures. Different factors affect the thermal performance of pulsating heat pipe. So, various researchers tried to enhance thermal conductivity by changing parameters such as working fluids, filling ratio, etc. Analysis of heat transfer characteristics of closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) is to be carried out by using Computational Fluid Dynamics. The CLPHP is to be modelled on ANSYS Workbench, the flow o

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17

Karthikeyan, V. K., Sameer Khandekar, and B. C. Pillai. "INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY OF A CLOSED LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE." Heat Pipe Science and Technology, An International Journal 5, no. 1-4 (2014): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heatpipescietech.v5.i1-4.400.

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18

suresh, J. Venkata, and P. Bhramara. "CFD Analysis of Copper Closed Loop Pulsating Heat pipe." Materials Today: Proceedings 5, no. 2 (2018): 5487–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2017.12.138.

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19

Spinato, Giulia, Navid Borhani, and John R. Thome. "Operational regimes in a closed loop pulsating heat pipe." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 102 (April 2016): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2015.11.006.

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20

Bhagwat, Adhikari, and Sanjeev Maharjan Dr. "Numerical Simulation of Helically Coiled Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 9, no. 2 (2019): 206–12. https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.2.26.

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This paper addresses the numerical simulation of helically coiled closed loop pulsating heat pipe which is carried in ANSYS Fluent. The values of thermal resistance for constant heat fluxes vs. transient heat fluxes are analyzed. Phase change visualization after the end of simulation is carried out to observe the phenomenon in liquid at its saturation temperature and pressure. Finally, helical heat pipes are found to have thermal resistance less by 2.7K/W, 0.56 K/W, and 0.227 K/W for 8W, 40W and 80W heat inputs than circular pipes. Helical heat pipes are found more efficient than circular heat

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21

Tiwari, Monika, and Nilesh Diwakar. "A REVIEW OF EXPERIMENTAL STUDY AND CFD BASED SIMULATION OF CLOSED LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 4, no. 7 (2016): 265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v4.i7.2016.2619.

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Closed loop pulsating heat pipe is very effective tool for removal of heat from very small electronic devices. In this study various literature related to CLPHP are studied and various parameters that effect the performance of CLPHP. It was found from literature that length of pipe, Number of turns, cooling fluid effect the performance of pipe.

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22

Singh, Ashutosh Kr, Ashok Kumar Satapathy, and Pooja Jhunjhunwala. "NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE OF CLOSED-LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE." Heat Pipe Science and Technology, An International Journal 5, no. 1-4 (2014): 433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heatpipescietech.v5.i1-4.490.

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23

Jamshidi, Hamed, Sajad Arabnejad, M. Behshad Shafii, and Yadollah Saboohi. "THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CLOSED LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE WITH NANOFLUIDS." Journal of Enhanced Heat Transfer 18, no. 3 (2011): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/jenhheattransf.v18.i3.40.

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24

Adhikari, Bhagwat, and Sanjeev Maharjan. "Numerical Simulation of Helically Coiled Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 9, no. 2 (2019): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.9.2.26.

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25

Srikrishna, P., N. Siddharth, S. U. M. Reddy, and G. S. V. L. Narasimham. "Experimental investigation of flat plate closed loop pulsating heat pipe." Heat and Mass Transfer 55, no. 9 (2019): 2637–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-019-02607-z.

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26

Babu, N. Narendra, and Rudra Naik. "Experimental Investigation and Performance Evaluation of a Multi Turn Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1554–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1554.

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Pulsating heat pipe (PHP) is a passive heat transfer device, which transfers heat from one region to another with exceptional heat transfer capacity. It utilizes the latent heat of vaporization of the working fluid as well as the sensible heat. As a result, the effective thermal conductivity is higher than that of the conductors. An experimental study on three turn closed loop pulsating heat pipe with three different working fluids viz., Acetone, Methanol, Heptane and distilled water were employed. The PHP is made up of brass material with an inner diameter of 1.95mm, with a total length of 11

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27

Khandekar, Sameer, Anant Prasad Gautam, and Pavan K. Sharma. "Multiple quasi-steady states in a closed loop pulsating heat pipe." International Journal of Thermal Sciences 48, no. 3 (2009): 535–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2008.04.004.

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28

Chen, Ping-Hei, Ya-Wei Lee, and Tien-Li Chang. "Predicting thermal instability in a closed loop pulsating heat pipe system." Applied Thermal Engineering 29, no. 8-9 (2009): 1566–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2008.07.007.

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29

Xu, J. L., Y. X. Li, and T. N. Wong. "High speed flow visualization of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 48, no. 16 (2005): 3338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.02.034.

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30

Saha, Manabendra, C. M. Feroz, F. Ahmed, and T. Mujib. "Thermal performance of an open loop closed end pulsating heat pipe." Heat and Mass Transfer 48, no. 2 (2011): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-011-0882-9.

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31

Pachghare, Pramod R., and Ashish M. Mahalle. "Thermo-hydrodynamics of closed loop pulsating heat pipe: an experimental study." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 28, no. 8 (2014): 3387–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-014-0751-9.

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32

Haque, Md Shahidul, Antara Majumdar, Md Faisal Kader, and Md Mahbubur Razzaq. "Thermal characteristics of an ammonia-charged closed-loop pulsating heat pipe." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 33, no. 4 (2019): 1907–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-018-0545-6.

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33

Kammuang-Lue, Niti, Phrut Sakulchangsatjatai, and Pradit Terdtoon. "Thermal Performance of a Closed-Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe With Multiple Heat Sources." Heat Transfer Engineering 35, no. 13 (2014): 1161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2013.870000.

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34

Chidambaranathan, Sriram. "Numerical analysis of closed loop pulsating heat pipe with varying condenser temperatures." Thermal Science and Engineering 8, no. 1 (2025): 9883. https://doi.org/10.24294/tse9883.

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A numerical investigation utilizing water as the working fluid was conducted on a 2D closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) using the CFD software AnsysFluent19.0. This computational fluid dynamics (CFD) investigation explores three instances where there is a consistent input of heat flux in the evaporator region, but the temperatures in the condenser region differ across the cases. In each case, the condenser temperatures are set at 10 ℃, 20 ℃, and 30 ℃ respectively. The transient simulation is conducted with uniform time steps of 10 s. Generally, the heat rejection medium operated at a lowe

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35

Wu, Qingping, Rongji Xu, Ruixiang Wang, and Yanzhong Li. "The Influence of Pipe Types on The Thermal Performance of Flat-plat Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." E3S Web of Conferences 194 (2020): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019401014.

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Flat-plat pulsating heat pipes (FCLPHPs) have a great potentiality in electronic cooling field and space application. In this investigation, three FCLPHPs (L1, L2, and L3) were built to study the influence of cross section shapes on the heat transfer performance of FCLPHP. One (L1) of them has asymmetric pipe, the others (L2, L3) have symmetric pipes. The results indicate that the FCLPHP L1 has the best heat transfer performance. Compared with the FCLPHPs L2 and L3, the start-up time reduces by 64% and the thermal resistance reduces by at most half respectively.

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36

Jithendra, Sai Raja Chada, and Ram Deepak Akella Sri. "Computational study on the thermal properties of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe." i-manager's Journal on Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 3 (2023): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jme.13.3.19312.

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Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHPs) are passive heat transfer devices, where heat transfer is higher than that in common heat transfer devices such as metal fins and heat pipes. The main reason for this is the two-phase phenomenon occurring inside the PHPs with oscillatory motion of the bubbles. The flow in the pipe is a multiphase flow, where vapor plugs and liquid slugs are created in PHPs due to capillary action. In this study, a CFD analysis was conducted on a two-turn PHP using the Analysis of Systems (ANSYS) Fluent software. The adiabatic section and overall height of the pipe were kept constant

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37

Saha, Nandan, P. K. Sharma, and P. K. Das. "AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CLOSED LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE." Heat Pipe Science and Technology, An International Journal 5, no. 1-4 (2014): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heatpipescietech.v5.i1-4.450.

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38

Wang, Jiansheng, Jinyuan Xie, and Xueling Liu. "Investigation on the performance of closed-loop pulsating heat pipe with surfactant." Applied Thermal Engineering 160 (September 2019): 113998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.113998.

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39

Karthikeyan, V. K., K. Ramachandran, B. C. Pillai, and A. Brusly Solomon. "Effect of nanofluids on thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe." Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 54 (April 2014): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2014.02.007.

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40

Aboutalebi, M., A. M. Nikravan Moghaddam, N. Mohammadi, and M. B. Shafii. "Experimental investigation on performance of a rotating closed loop pulsating heat pipe." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 45 (July 2013): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2013.04.008.

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41

ul Haque, Mr Mohd Aijaz, Dr Md Azizuddin, and Mr Md Khalid Rehman. "CFD and Volume Fraction Analysis of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe(CLPHP)." IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering 13, no. 05 (2016): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/1684-1305048894.

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42

Wang, Yu. "Experimental investigations on operating characteristics of a closed loop pulsating heat pipe." Frontiers in Energy 9, no. 2 (2015): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11708-015-0354-x.

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43

Nerella, Santhi Sree, Sudheer V. V. S. Nakka, and Bhramara Panitapu. "Mathematical Modeling of Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe by Using Artificial Neural Networks." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 3 (2021): 955–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390332.

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Pulsating heat pipe is one of the prominent technology for thermal management of electronic devices. It consists of three sections namely evaporator, adiabatic and condenser section. PHP is a two phase passive device having efficient and quick ability of transferring heat from evaporator section to condenser section. At first an 8 turn pulsating heat pipe of closed loop ends (CLPHP) with copper tube capillary dimensions is investigated experimentally for different fill ratios and for different inclinations by varying range of heat inputs. Different working fluids viz Water, Acetone, Ethanol an

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44

Javvadi, Venkata Suresh, Bhramara Panitapu, Rajith Gangam, and Hrishikesh Kulkarni. "A review on Mechanism of fluid flow and Transfer of Heat in Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401056.

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Now-a-days the researchers and people are moving towards such an innovation which meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In such innovations Pulsating heat pipe is one of the technology which started in 1990 by Akachi. Pulsating heat pipe is a heat transfer device which has an effective heat transfer capability. The researchers had done many experimental and theoretical investigations, but they haven’t got the complete knowledge about it because of its complex operational mechanism which consists of hydrodynamic and thermod

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45

Shi, Wei Xiu, Wei Yi Li, and Li Sheng Pan. "Experiment Study on Improved Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe with Silver/Water Nanofluid." Advanced Materials Research 732-733 (August 2013): 462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.732-733.462.

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Start up and heat transfer performances of improved closed loop pulsating heat pipe (ICLPHP) charged with water and silver/water nanofluid, respectively, were investigated experimentally with angles of 90° and 60°. Both the average evaporator wall temperature and the overall thermal resistance of the ICLPHP with different working fluids and at the volume filling ratio of 35% were tested and compared. Experimental results showed that nanofluid caused different thermal performances of ICLPHP. Within the experiment range, silver/water nanofluid can improve operation stability and heat transfer li

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46

Wang, Yu, and Wei Yi Li. "Experimental Investigations on Thermal Performance of a Multi-Turn Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 5854–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.5854.

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Closed loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) is a relatively new two-phase passive heat transfer device to suit present requirement of high heat flux dissipation in modern electronic components. The operating mechanism of CLPHP is not well understood and the present state of the technology cannot predict required design parameters for a given task. The aim of research work presented in this paper is to better understand thermal performance of CLPHP. A series of experimental investigation were conducted on a multi-turn CLPHP made of copper capillary tube of 2-mm inner diameter. Two kinds of working

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47

Wu, Qing Ping, Rui Xiang Wang, Ya Jun Li, Rong Ji Xu, and Yan Zhong Li. "Influence of Working Fluid Thermophysical Property on Thermal Performance of Flat-Plate Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 1799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1799.

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Pulsating heat pipes are high efficiency heat transfer components having a great potential application in the field of electronic cooling and space applications. In this investigation, an experiment was conducted to study the influence of working fluid thermophysical properties on the thermal performance of flat-plate closed loop pulsating heat pipes (FCLPHP). The analysis of the forces acting on the liquid-vapor mixture shows that the surface tension, viscosity and latent heat of vaporization have important impact on the thermal performance of FCLPHP. The overall thermal resistance decreases

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48

Ahmed, Israa S., Hussain S. Abd, and Ayad M. Al Jubori. "Characterization of a Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipe Using Ethanol with Different Angles." International Journal of Heat and Technology 39, no. 4 (2021): 1365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijht.390437.

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In low-temperature difference, a closed-loop pulsating heat pipe (CLPHP) can be used as a cooling device due to its capability to transfer heat. The thermal performance of the CLPHP is affected by the working fluids. In this work, the effects of some operating parameters such as using ethanol as working fluid with 0.5 filling ratio, orientation, and power inputs are offered based on experimental study. Where the CLPHP was constructed and tested to achieve a better vision into the effect of orientation of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 90°, and power input of 50 W, 115 W, 215 W, and 450 W on the heat t

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49

Pachghare, Pramod R., and Ashish M. Mahalle. "THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF CLOSED LOOP PULSATING HEAT PIPE: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY WITH VISUALIZATION." Heat Pipe Science and Technology, An International Journal 5, no. 1-4 (2014): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/heatpipescietech.v5.i1-4.500.

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Babu, E. R., Nagaraja Reddy, H. N. Reddappa, Murthy Shivananda, Reddy Gnanendra, and P. G. Koppad. "Influence of Al2O3 nanoparticles on thermal performance of closed loop pulsating heat pipe." FME Transactions 48, no. 2 (2020): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/fmet2001143b.

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