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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical cup disc ratio'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Hakimzadeh, Naseh, Sakineh Kadivar, and Mohammad Reza Panjtan Panah. "Relationship between central corneal thickness and optic nerve head parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma." Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation in optometry 5, no. 3 (2025): 119–26. https://doi.org/10.51329/mehdioptometry206.

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Background: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is an ocular entity that causes optic neuropathy. Thin central corneal thickness (CCT) in patients with POAG correlates with changes in various optic nerve head structural parameters. Additionally, racial differences exist in CCT and optic disc parameters. Herein, we assessed the potential relationship between CCT and optic nerve head parameters in treatment-naive patients of Persian ethnicity who were diagnosed with POAG of varying severity levels. Methods: This hospital-based analytical cross-sectional study recruited patients of Persian ethnici

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BARR, D. B., D. J. NOLAN;, D. F. GARWAY-HEATH, and R. A. HITCHINGS. "Vertical cup/disc ratio in relation to optic disc size." British Journal of Ophthalmology 83, no. 8 (1999): 994a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.83.8.994a.

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Qhisthana Pratika, Alva Rischa, Rita Magdalena, and R. Yunendah Nur Fuadah. "Klasifikasi Glaukoma Menggunakan Artificial Neural Network." Jurnal Ilmiah FIFO 12, no. 2 (2020): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/fifo.2020.v12i2.007.

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Abstract Glaucoma is an eye disease caused by increased eyeball pressure resulting in damage to the optic nerve and the second leading cause of blindness after cataracts. Nerve damage often occurs without symptoms so that an early examination can reduce the risk of glaucoma. Therefore, the authors designed a glaucoma detection system through eye fundal images that can facilitate the detection of glaucomaby extracting various features like Rim to Disc Ratio, Cup to Disc Ratio (CDR), Vertical Cup to Disc Ratio (VCDR), Horizontal Cup to Disc Ratio (HCDR), and Horizontal to Vertical CDR (H-V CDR)

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4

Manju, K., and R. S. Sabeenian. "Cup and Disc Ratio and Inferior, Superior, Temporal and Nasal Calculation for Glaucoma Identification." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 9, no. 6 (2019): 1316–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2019.2720.

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Glaucoma is the deadliest eye disease that steals the vision. Glaucoma is recorded as the second reason for vision loss. When identified it would have created 25% damage to the tissues and 50% vision loss. This has been so successful in stealing the vision because early detection of this eye disease is very difficult. This has catered the researchers. Early detection of glaucoma has always been challenging. In this paper, glaucoma is identified by checking two conditions namely Cup and Disc Ratio (CDR) and ISTN (Inferior, Superior, Temporal and Nasal) criterion. Both conditions must be satisfi

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Lao, Ji-Meng, Yi-Jing Chen, Jian-Bo Mao, and Li-Jun Shen. "Optic disc changes in patients less than 3 years of age with congenital cataract." International Journal of Ophthalmology 18, no. 3 (2025): 404–8. https://doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2025.03.05.

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AIM: To compare the cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) and optic disc morphology between eyes with congenital cataract and eyes without cataract in children under 3 years old. METHODS: This study included 63 patients with bilateral congenital cataract (mean age of 55.72±46.50wk, 44 were male), 33 patients with unilateral cataract (mean age of 56.63±33.23wk, 16 were male), and 31 age-matched healthy children (mean age of 55.80±29.29wk, 17 were male). Fundus photographs were taken with the RetCam 3 system. The horizontal-to-vertical disc diameter ratio (HVDR) was used as an index to describe the oval form

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Gong, Weifen, Xuehui Lu, and Geng Wang. "Asymmetry of Optic Nerve Head Parameters Measured by Confocal Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy in Myopic Anisometropic Eyes." Applied Sciences 12, no. 8 (2022): 4047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12084047.

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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the asymmetry of optic nerve head parameters measured by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) in myopic anisometropic eyes. Methods: A total of 36 eyes of 18 healthy myopic anisometropic subjects, defined as cases in which the difference in spherical equivalent (SE) between both eyes is ≥1.5D, were recruited. The optic nerve heads were measured using the Heidelberg retina tomograph II (Heidelberg Engineering, GmBH, Heidelberg, Germany). Differences in optic nerve head parameters between more myopic eyes and fellow eyes were evaluated using the

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Chidi, Gift Nwokocha, N. Pedro-Egbe C., O. Adio A., and D. Komolafe R. "Correlation between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Cup-to- Disc Ratio in Glaucoma Suspects Using Optical Coherence Tomography at University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria." British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 21, no. 7 (2017): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/32918.

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<strong>Aim: </strong>To determine the correlation between retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and vertical cup disc ratio in glaucoma suspects in the University of Port Harcourt teaching hospital, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. <strong>Study Design:</strong> Hospital-based observational study conducted between October 2<sup>nd</sup>, 2012 and January 31<sup>st</sup> 2013. <strong>Methodology: </strong>Participants were selected using consecutive allocation of glaucoma suspects as they presented to the glaucoma clinic. Observations were done using the Optical Coherence Tomography machine. Data was an

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Sharma, Sweety, Alok Ranjan, and Tathagata Roy. "Profile and Clinical Characteristics of Newly Diagnosed Glaucoma in Tertiary Eye Hospital in North India." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 14, no. 12 (2024): 127–35. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20241215.

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PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the clinical profile and characteristics of newly diagnosed glaucoma in tertiary eye hospital in North India. METHODS: All the newly diagnosed glaucoma patients were enrolled in this study who came for the routine eye examination at our tertiary eye Hospital, Dr Shroff’s Charity Eye Hospital, New Delhi between November 2021 and October 2022. A detailed history was obtained and all the glaucoma investigations were performed including best corrected visual acuity, Van Herrick grading, gonioscopy, optic disc assessment with 90D lens, applanation tonometry, Cirru

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9

Ramrattan, R. "Age and gender differences in optic disc area, cup area and vertical cup-to-disc ratio? The Rotterdam study." Vision Research 35, no. 1 (1995): S156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(95)98584-v.

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Civcic-Kalinic, Natasa, Miroslav Stamenkovic, Nada Civcic, and Stefan Brunet. "Relationship between optic nerve head topography and nerve fiber layer thickness with central corneal thickness in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, no. 00 (2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh191126066c.

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Introduction/Objective. In patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) we explored the relationship between optic nerve head (ONH) topography parameters and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness with central corneal thickness (CCT). Methods. This retrospective study included 97 patients (97 eyes) with primary open-angle glaucoma. Patients were divided into a thin CCT<540?m (45 eyes) and a thick CCT?540?m (52 eyes) group, using ultrasonic pachymeter. Topographic measurements of the ONH parameters and RNFL thickness was performed using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The outcome

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Arda, Hatice, Ozge Temizyurek, Hatice Kubra Sonmez, et al. "Automated evaluation of parapapillary choroidal microvasculature in crowded optic discs: a controlled, optical coherence tomography angiography study." International Journal of Ophthalmology 17, no. 1 (2024): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18240/ijo.2024.01.15.

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AIM: To compare superficial and deep vascular properties of optic discs between crowded discs and controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A). METHODS: Thirty patients with crowded discs, and 47 control subjects were enrolled in the study. One eye of each individual was included and OCT-A scans of optic discs were obtained in a 4.5×4.5 mm2 rectangular area. Radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, cup volume, rim area, disc area, cup-to-disc (c/d) area ratio, and vertical c/d ratio were obtained automatically u

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Addis, Victoria, Min Chen, Richard Zorger, et al. "A Precise Method to Evaluate 360 Degree Measures of Optic Cup and Disc Morphology in an African American Cohort and Its Genetic Applications." Genes 12, no. 12 (2021): 1961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12121961.

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(1) Background: Vertical cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) is an important measure for evaluating damage to the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma patients. However, this measure often does not fully capture the irregular cupping observed in glaucomatous nerves. We developed and evaluated a method to measure cup-to-disc ratio (CDR) at all 360 degrees of the ONH. (2) Methods: Non-physician graders from the Scheie Reading Center outlined the cup and disc on digital stereo color disc images from African American patients enrolled in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study.

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Komkova, S. V. "Method of Diagnosis of Glaucoma Based on Human Fundus Images." Proceedings of the Southwest State University. Series: IT Management, Computer Science, Computer Engineering. Medical Equipment Engineering 13, no. 4 (2024): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1536-2023-13-4-99-114.

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The purpose of the research to develop a technique for detecting glaucoma, which is based on calculating the size ratio of the optical cup and optical disc and the "four quadrants" rule. Their use increases the accuracy of glaucoma detection in human retina images.Methods. A glaucoma detection technique is proposed that uses the ratio of the vertical diameter of the cup to the vertical diameter of the disc and the "four quadrants" rule as the two main parameters for the detection of glaucoma. The optic nerve disc (OD), the ocular cup (OCH) are segmented using the area extension method and the

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E., A. Awoyesuku, O. Adio A., and E. Chinawa N. "The Port Harcourt Hospital Glaucoma Study." British Journal of Medicine & Medical Research 21, no. 9 (2017): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJMMR/2017/33743.

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<strong>A</strong><strong>im</strong><strong>:</strong> To study the prevalence and risk factors of glaucoma in a health setting. <strong>M</strong><strong>ethods:</strong> The study was descriptive cross sectional study in which all the staff of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital were recruited through proper mobilization during world glaucoma week. Subjects’ intraocular pressures were assessed with Perkins applanation tonometer. Fundoscopy was done by direct ophthalmoscopy using Welch Allynes ophthalmoscope. The criteria for a case were subjects who had a typical glaucomatous

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Yuan, Tianyi, Minna Cheng, Yingyan Ma, et al. "PM2.5 Exposure as a Risk Factor for Optic Nerve Health in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Toxics 12, no. 11 (2024): 767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics12110767.

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(1) Objective: This study investigated the relationship between long-term particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure and optic disc parameters—vertical cup-to-disc ratio (vCDR), vertical optic disc diameter (vDD), and vertical optic cup diameter (vCD)—in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (2) Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 65,750 T2DM patients in the 2017–2018 Shanghai Cohort Study of Diabetic Eye Disease (SCODE). Optic disc parameters were extracted from fundus images, and PM2.5 exposure was estimated using a random forest model incorporating satellite

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Vandewalle, E., K. Willekens, K. Van Keer, L. Abegao Pinto, and I. Stalmans. "Subjective versus objective vertical cup-disc-ratio assessment in open angle glaucoma patients." Acta Ophthalmologica 93 (September 23, 2015): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0626.

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17

Mariacher, Siegfried, Stephanie Hipp, Robert Wirthky, et al. "Morphometric Optic Nerve Head Analysis in Glaucoma Patients: A Comparison between the Simultaneous Nonmydriatic Stereoscopic Fundus Camera (Kowa Nonmyd WX3D) and the Heidelberg Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope (HRT III)." Journal of Ophthalmology 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4764857.

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Purpose.To investigate the agreement between morphometric optic nerve head parameters assessed with the confocal laser ophthalmoscope HRT III and the stereoscopic fundus camera Kowa nonmyd WX3D retrospectively.Methods.Morphometric optic nerve head parameters of 40 eyes of 40 patients with primary open angle glaucoma were analyzed regarding their vertical cup-to-disc-ratio (CDR). Vertical CDR, disc area, cup volume, rim volume, and maximum cup depth were assessed with both devices by one examiner. Mean bias and limits of agreement (95% CI) were obtained using scatter plots and Bland-Altman anal

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Tirsi, Andrew, Vasiliki Gliagias, Julie Moehringer, et al. "Pattern Electroretinogram Parameters Are Associated with Optic Nerve Morphology in Preperimetric Glaucoma after Adjusting for Disc Area." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (October 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8025337.

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Purpose. We examined the relationships between pattern electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography derived optic nerve head measurements, after controlling for disc area. Methods. Thirty-two eyes from 20 subjects with preperimetric glaucoma underwent pattern electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography. Pattern electroretinogram parameters (Magnitude, MagnitudeD, and MagnitudeD/Magnitude ratio) and optic nerve head measurements (rim area, average cup to disc ratio, vertical cup to disc ratio, cup volume, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness sectors, and Bruch’s membrane opening-min

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Tirsi, Andrew, Vasiliki Gliagias, Julie Moehringer, et al. "Pattern Electroretinogram Parameters Are Associated with Optic Nerve Morphology in Preperimetric Glaucoma after Adjusting for Disc Area." Journal of Ophthalmology 2021 (October 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8025337.

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Purpose. We examined the relationships between pattern electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography derived optic nerve head measurements, after controlling for disc area. Methods. Thirty-two eyes from 20 subjects with preperimetric glaucoma underwent pattern electroretinogram and optical coherence tomography. Pattern electroretinogram parameters (Magnitude, MagnitudeD, and MagnitudeD/Magnitude ratio) and optic nerve head measurements (rim area, average cup to disc ratio, vertical cup to disc ratio, cup volume, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness sectors, and Bruch’s membrane opening-min

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Hefny, Mostafa M., Mohamed A. Abd-Elshafik, Hesham M. Gharib, and Yasmine M. Shabaan. "Evaluation of the different methods of optic disc examination in glaucomatous patients." Journal of the Egyptian Ophthalmological Society 117, no. 4 (2024): 279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejos.ejos_21_24.

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Background Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Many patients discover glaucoma accidentally during regular checkups. Purpose To evaluate the agreement using slit lamp biomicroscopy, stereoscopic fundus photography, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the evaluation of the optic disc area, the cup area, and the vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) in glaucomatous patients. Patients and methods This cross-sectional observational study includes 28 eyes of glaucomatous patients. All patients underwent slit lamp biomicroscopy using a +90 D lens, stereoscopic fundus photography using

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Nannini, Drew R., Mina Torres, Yii-Der I. Chen, et al. "A Genome-Wide Association Study of Vertical Cup-Disc Ratio in a Latino Population." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 58, no. 1 (2017): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.16-19891.

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Swanson, Mark W. "The 97.5th and 99.5th Percentile of Vertical Cup Disc Ratio in the United States." Optometry and Vision Science 88, no. 1 (2011): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/opx.0b013e3181fc3638.

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Tsutsumi, Tae, Atsuo Tomidokoro, Makoto Araie, Aiko Iwase, Hiroshi Sakai, and Shoichi Sawaguchi. "Planimetrically Determined Vertical Cup/Disc and Rim Width/Disc Diameter Ratios and Related Factors." Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science 53, no. 3 (2012): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/iovs.11-8533.

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Calvo, Pilar, Antonio Ferreras, Beatriz Abadia, et al. "Assessment of the Optic Disc Morphology Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/275654.

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Objective. To compare the equivalent optic nerve head (OHN) parameters obtained with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (HRT3) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) in healthy and glaucoma patients.Methods. One hundred and eighty-two consecutive healthy subjects and 156 patients with open-angle glaucoma were divided into 2 groups according to intraocular pressure and visual field outcomes. All participants underwent imaging of the ONH with the HRT3 and the Cirrus OCT. The ONH parameters and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were compared between both group

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Garway-Heath, D. F., S. T. Ruben, A. Viswanathan, and R. A. Hitchings. "Vertical cup/disc ratio in relation to optic disc size: its value in the assessment of the glaucoma suspect." British Journal of Ophthalmology 82, no. 10 (1998): 1118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.82.10.1118.

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Pedro-Egbe, CN, and EA Awoyesuku. "The relationship between vertical cup-disc ratio and body mass index in Port Harcourt, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 16, no. 4 (2013): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.116904.

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Guo, Jiapan, George Azzopardi, Chenyu Shi, Nomdo M. Jansonius, and Nicolai Petkov. "Automatic Determination of Vertical Cup-to-Disc Ratio in Retinal Fundus Images for Glaucoma Screening." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 8527–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2890544.

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Russo, Andrea, William Mapham, Raffaele Turano, et al. "Comparison of Smartphone Ophthalmoscopy With Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy for Grading Vertical Cup-to-Disc Ratio." Journal of Glaucoma 25, no. 9 (2016): e777-e781. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ijg.0000000000000499.

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Savini, Giacomo, Edgar M. Espana, Ana Carolina Acosta, Michele Carbonelli, Costantino Bellusci, and Piero Barboni. "Agreement between optical coherence tomography and digital stereophotography in vertical cup-to-disc ratio measurement." Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 247, no. 3 (2008): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00417-008-0968-3.

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Kitaoka, Yasushi, Masaki Tanito, Yu Yokoyama, et al. "A Small Disc Area Is a Risk Factor for Visual Field Loss Progression in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study." Journal of Ophthalmology 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8941489.

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Purpose. The Glaucoma Stereo Analysis Study, a cross-sectional multicenter collaborative study, used a stereo fundus camera (nonmyd WX) to assess various morphological parameters of the optic nerve head (ONH) in glaucoma patients. We compared the associations of each parameter between the visual field loss progression group and no-progression group. Methods. The study included 187 eyes of 187 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or normal-tension glaucoma. We divided the mean deviation (MD) slope values of all patients into the progression group (<−0.3 dB/year) and no-progression group

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Nilay, B. Patel, M. Jadeja Jayendrasinh, Bhagat Purvi, S. Dan Jagdeepkaur, Jakasania Arjunkumar, and Thaker Harsiddh. "A STUDY TO CORRELATE OPTIC CUP/DISC RATIO WITH VISUAL FIELD DEFECTS IN PRIMARY OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA." International Journal Of Basic And Applied Physiology 6, no. 1 (2017): 164–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4500982.

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<strong>Background & Objectives</strong>: This study was undertaken to assess the correlation between Vertical cup/disc (C/D) ratio found on ophthalmologic examination in Primary open angle glaucoma and loss variance which indicates local heterogenicity of visual field defect. Severity of scotomas was also assessed. <strong>Material & Methods</strong>: After comprehensive eye examination and glaucoma evaluation, 27 subjects (total 47 eyes) diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma underwent visual field analyses on Octopus 900 computerised perimetry analyser. Data was tabulated and st

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Luo, Ruiyu, Zhirong Wang, Zhidong Li, et al. "Quantitative assessment of colour fundus photography in hyperopia children based on artificial intelligence." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 9, no. 1 (2024): e001520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001520.

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ObjectivesThis study aimed to quantitatively evaluate optic nerve head and retinal vascular parameters in children with hyperopia in relation to age and spherical equivalent refraction (SER) using artificial intelligence (AI)-based analysis of colour fundus photographs (CFP).Methods and analysisThis cross-sectional study included 324 children with hyperopia aged 3–12 years. Participants were divided into low hyperopia (SER+0.5 D to+2.0 D) and moderate-to-high hyperopia (SER≥+2.0 D) groups. Fundus parameters, such as optic disc area and mean vessel diameter, were automatically and quantitativel

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Hairol, Mohd Izzuddin, and Yun Rou Lee. "Accuracy of vertical cup-to-disc ratio discrimination among clinical optometry trainees with different years of clinical experience." PLOS ONE 17, no. 9 (2022): e0274834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274834.

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Purpose Accurate evaluation of the cup-to-disc ratio is crucial for optometrists and may be influenced by their clinical experience. The study’s objective was to compare the thresholds for discriminating vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) between years 2, 3, and 4 clinical optometry trainees. Methods One hundred fundus photos with various VCDR sizes were selected from a clinic database. The median VCDR (0.43) photo was assigned as the standard, while the other 99 were assigned as the test photos. The participant’s task was to discriminate using a 2-alternate-forced-choice paradigm whether the t

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Gloria, C. Eze, and C. Anajekwu Cosmas. "Clinical Profile and Intraocular Pressure Control of Medically Treated Glaucoma Patients Seen in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria." International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Research Studies 02, no. 12 (2022): 1435–42. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7404465.

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<strong>Background:</strong> Glaucoma is the second most common cause of blindness and the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It is a chronic optic neuropathy with characteristic optic disc changes and corresponding visual field defect.   <strong>Aim:</strong> The aim of this study was to determine the clinical profile and intraocular pressure control of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG) patients on medical treatment at the glaucoma clinic of Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital Parklane (ESUTTHP), Enugu with a view for better patie

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Bhattacharyya, Shashwat. "An Observational Study Comparing the Correlation of Vertical Cup Disc Ratio and Disc Damage Likelihood Scale with Visual Field Changes and Central Corneal Thickness in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 02 (2017): 17497–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.47.

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Godswill Inye, Nathaniel, and Pepple Godswill. "Correlation of Vertical Cup Disc Ratio and Matrix FDT Mean Deviation in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients." International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science 6, no. 1 (2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.13.

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Han, Xikun, Ayub Qassim, Jiyuan An, et al. "Genome-wide association analysis of 95 549 individuals identifies novel loci and genes influencing optic disc morphology." Human Molecular Genetics 28, no. 21 (2019): 3680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddz193.

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Abstract Optic nerve head morphology is affected by several retinal diseases. We measured the vertical optic disc diameter (DD) of the UK Biobank (UKBB) cohort (N = 67 040) and performed the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of DD to date. We identified 81 loci (66 novel) for vertical DD. We then replicated the novel loci in International Glaucoma Genetic Consortium (IGGC, N = 22 504) and European Prospective Investigation into Cancer–Norfolk (N = 6005); in general the concordance in effect sizes was very high (correlation in effect size estimates 0.90): 44 of the 66 novel loci were

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Sahin-Atik, Sevinc, Feray Koc, Sirin Akin-Sari, and Mustafa Ozmen. "Retinal Nerve Fiber and Optic Disc Morphology Using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Scleroderma Patients." European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 3 (2016): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000827.

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Purpose To evaluate the optic nerve head parameters and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in a systemic sclerosis (SSc) cohort and age-matched controls to determine whether SSc patients have an increased risk of normal-tension glaucoma (NTG). Methods We examined 30 patients (3 male, 27 female) with SSc and 28 age- and sex-matched controls. Retinal nerve fiber and optic disc morphology were evaluated using Cirrus SD-OCT. Results Optic disc morphology measurements including disc area, rim area, average and vertical cup/disc (C/D)

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Wardhana, Arif Kusuma, Retno Ekantini, Tatang Talka Gani, and Krisna Dwi Purnomo Jati. "THE CORRELATION BETWEEN RETINAL NERVE FIBRE LAYER THICKNESS, OPTIC NERVE HEAD PARAMETER, AND RELATED RISK FACTOR IN GLAUCOMA PATIENT." Ophthalmologica Indonesiana 49, S1 (2024): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35749/mm777q10.

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Introduction and Objective: To investigate the correlation between retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness and the past RNFL thickness, related risk factor (gender, age, myopia, intraocular pressure (IOP), blood pressure). And RNFL parameter (symmetricity and four quadrants RNFL thickness) and optic nerve head parameter (rim area and vertical cup disc ratio) Methods: 39 right eyes of both sex and various age underwent examination including IOP measurement, subjective refraction for determining refractive error, and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for RNFL and ONH analysis. The follow up

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Park, Chanjoon, and Kyoung In Jung. "Effects of Cataract on Optic Nerve Head and Macular Analysis Using Optical Coherence Tomography." Journal of the Korean Ophthalmological Society 65, no. 7 (2024): 442–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3341/jkos.2024.65.7.442.

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Purpose: To assess the impact of cataract on optic nerve head (ONH) parameters (disc area, rim area, average cup/disc ratio, vertical cup/disc ratio, cup volume), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thickness, and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (mGC-IPL) thickness in patients with glaucoma and in a control group.Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from January to December 2021 for individuals undergoing cataract surgery. This group included normal, glaucoma suspects, and glaucoma patients, totaling 44 individuals and 63 eyes. Measurements

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Tong, Weihan, Maryanne Romero, Vivien Lim, et al. "Reliability of Graders and Comparison with an Automated Algorithm for Vertical Cup-Disc Ratio Grading in Fundus Photographs." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 48, no. 9 (2019): 282–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v48n9p282.

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Introduction: We aimed to investigate the intergrader and intragrader reliability of human graders and an automated algorithm for vertical cup-disc ratio (CDR) grading in colour fundus photographs. Materials and Methods: Two-hundred fundus photographs were selected from a database of 3000 photographs of patients screened at a tertiary ophthalmology referral centre. The graders included glaucoma specialists (n = 3), general ophthalmologists (n = 2), optometrists (n = 2), family physicians (n = 2) and a novel automated algorithm (AA). In total, 2 rounds of CDR grading were held for each grader o

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Al Wadani, Fahad, KaberiB K. Feroze, and Reem Al Yahya. "The relationship between vertical cup–disc ratio and body mass index in a population of adult Saudi females." Nigerian Journal of Ophthalmology 26, no. 2 (2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njo.njo_6_18.

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WATKINS, RUSSELL, LEENA PANCHAL, JIMMY UDDIN, and and PINAKIN GUNVANT. "Vertical Cup-to-Disc Ratio: Agreement between Direct Ophthalmoscopic Estimation, Fundus Biomicroscopic Estimation, and Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopic Measurement." Optometry and Vision Science 80, no. 6 (2003): 454–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-200306000-00012.

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Vishakhabahen, Dabhi, Parekh Nilesh, and Rojasara Billav. "A Prospective Study to Correlate the Changes between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness and Cupping of Disc Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Visual Field Changes Using Perimetry in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Patients." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 15, no. 8 (2023): 1336–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11521717.

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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Glaucoma, a leading cause of global irreversible blindness, includes Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (POAG), characterized by optic nerve damage and visual field loss. This study aims to correlate RNFL thickness, disc cupping, and visual field changes to enhance early glaucoma detection and management. <strong>Objective:</strong> To investigate correlations between RNFL thickness, disc cupping, and visual field changes in primary open-angle glaucoma. <strong>Methods:</strong> A cohort of 40 POAG patients was analysed. RNFLT was measured using

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Crowston, J. G. "The effect of optic disc diameter on vertical cup to disc ratio percentiles in a population based cohort: the Blue Mountains Eye Study." British Journal of Ophthalmology 88, no. 6 (2004): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjo.2003.028548.

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Brarou, Houda, Samah Sadiki, Zakaria Chaibi, et al. "Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome (ARS): A Case Report." Scholars Journal of Applied Medical Sciences 12, no. 05 (2024): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjams.2024.v12i05.006.

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Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal dominant condition manifesting as a heterogeneous group of features. Of particular note are the ocular and craniofacial anomalies and dental features such as hypodontia, microdontia, taurodontism, enamel hypoplasia, conical-shaped teeth, shortened roots and delayed eruption. We report the case of a 23 years old female patient, who presented to the ophthalmology department for a routine eye chek-up. The ophthalmological examination showed vertical cup-to-disc ratio of 0,6 in the right eye and 0,7 in the left eye with normal intra ocular pressur

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Mabuchi, Fumihiko, Yoichi Sakurada, Kenji Kashiwagi, Zentaro Yamagata, Hiroyuki Iijima, and Shigeo Tsukahara. "Association between Genetic Variants Associated with Vertical Cup-to-Disc Ratio and Phenotypic Features of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma." Ophthalmology 119, no. 9 (2012): 1819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2012.02.044.

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Chan, Poemen P., Vivian Chiu, and Mandy O. Wong. "Variability of vertical cup to disc ratio measurement and the effects of glaucoma 5-year risk estimation in untreated ocular hypertensive eyes." British Journal of Ophthalmology 103, no. 3 (2018): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-311841.

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AimTo compare the vertical cup to disc ratio (VCDR) measurements obtained with optical coherence tomography (OCT), Heidelberg retina tomography (HRT) and stereophotography of the optic nerve head (ONH) in patients with ocular hypertension (OHT), and their corresponding estimated 5-year risk for development of glaucoma.MethodsONH images of patients with OHT were taken by fundus camera (stereoscopic images), OCT and HRT. Optic disc stereophotographs were evaluated with a stereo-viewer by two glaucoma specialists (SP1 and SP2) and the VCDR was measured with the ImageJ software. VCDR measurements

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Singh, Pranisha, and Aditya Prasad Rijal. "Correlation between disc damage likelihood scale and vertical cup disc ratio with Automated Humphrey Perimetry in glaucoma patients attending a tertiary care hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal." Nepal Medical College Journal 24, no. 2 (2022): 142–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nmcj.v24i2.46036.

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Glaucoma is the second leading ocular disease of irreversible blindness. Glaucoma is a progressive disorder and requires serial evaluation in order to monitor disease progression and optimize therapy. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between disc damage likelihood scale (DDLS) and vertical cup disc ratio (VCDR) with the results of Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) parameters. This study was a descriptive, cross-sectional and observational study. A total of 104 eyes of 52 patients diagnosed with primary open angle glaucoma or normal tension glaucoma were examined. DDLS s

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Morales, L. "Association between vascular and structural parameters by optical coherence tomography angiography in primary congenital glaucoma." ANALES RANM 138, no. 138(03) (2021): 246–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32440/ar.2021.138.03.org03.

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Objective: To determine the association of structural and vascular parameters using optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography (-A), in patients diagnosed with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Material and methods: 40 patients diagnosed with PCG were recruited (only one eye per patient was included). All study participants underwent a comprehensive ophthalmologic examination. Peripapillary and macular vascular measurements were obtained using AngioplexTM OCTA with a 4.5×4.5mm optic nerve head scan and 6x6mm macular scan. Structural parameters were collected: circumpapillary Retinal nerve

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