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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical incident wave'

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Published: 3 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

LONGUET-HIGGINS, MICHAEL S., and DAVID A. DRAZEN. "On steep gravity waves meeting a vertical wall: a triple instability." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 466 (September 10, 2002): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112002001246.

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Theoretical arguments suggest that progressive gravity waves incident on a vertical wall can produce periodic standing waves only if the incident wave steepness ak is quite small, certainly less than 0.284. Laboratory experiments are carried out in which an incident wave train of almost uniform amplitude meets a vertical barrier. At wave steepnesses greater than 0.236 the resulting motion near the barrier is non-periodic. A growing instability is observed in which every third wave crest is steeper than its neighbours. The steep waves develop sharp crests, or vertical jets. The two neighbouring
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2

Lv, Hao. "A numerical approach applied to three-dimensional wave scattering problems subjected to obliquely propagating incident waves." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0304721. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304721.

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Accurately modeling artificial boundary conditions and wave inputs is paramount for numerical simulations of wave scattering in semi-infinite domains within seismic engineering. Traditionally, analysts focused on one- or two-dimensional free-field problems to determine wave inputs, primarily for vertically incident plane waves or obliquely incident waves parallel to two axes. However, these methods were inadequate for handling arbitrary incident directions in three-dimensional scenarios. This paper proposes a method for modeling seismic wave incidents in arbitrary directions. The basic theory
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3

Gao, Yangyang, Linguang Ren, and Lizhong Wang. "Experimental Investigation of Wave Propagation and Overtopping over Seawalls on a Reef Flat." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (2023): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040836.

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A series of physical model tests were performed to investigate the wave propagation, pressure, and wave overtopping processes for vertical and sloped seawalls on the reef flat. For both regular and irregular waves, the effects of incident wave height, wave period, relative distance, fore reef slope, and still-water depth on wave propagation, wave pressure distribution, and mean wave overtopping discharge were investigated. The peak pressure increased with the increase in incident wave height and decreased with the increase in relative distance and fore reef slope. The mean wave overtopping dis
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4

Liu, Xu. "Continuous and elastically consistent viscoelastic reflection and transmission coefficient curves for plane inhomogeneous P and S waves." Geophysical Journal International 226, no. 3 (2021): 2011–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab200.

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SUMMARY For inhomogeneous plane waves in dissipative media, correctly selecting the vertical slowness (q) is the key requirement to obtain physically acceptable reflection/transmission (R/T) coefficients (e.g. both continuous curves as a function of incidence angle, and consistency with the elastic coefficients at very low attenuation). Based on the fundamental branch-cut theory, the continuity criterion ensures the continuity of the R/T coefficient curves. The elastic consistence is obtained due to the definition of the mixed principal values and the consistent assumptions of time dependence
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5

Jung, Jae-Sang, and Changhoon Lee. "Spatial Variation of Wave Force Acting on a Vertical Detached Breakwater Considering Diffraction." Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers 33, no. 6 (2021): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.9765/kscoe.2021.33.6.275.

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In this study, the analytical solution for diffraction near a vertical detached breakwater was suggested by superposing the solutions of diffraction near a semi-infinite breakwater suggested previously using linear wave theory. The solutions of wave forces acting on front, lee and composed wave forces on both side were also derived. Relative wave amplitude changed periodically in space owing to the interactions between diffracting waves and standing waves on front side and the interactions between diffracting waves from both tips of a detached breakwater on lee side. The wave forces on a verti
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6

Wei, Zhangping, and Robert A. Dalrymple. "SPH MODELING OF VORTICITY GENERATION BY SHORT-CRESTED WAVE BREAKING." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.waves.1.

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This study investigates vorticity generation by short-crested wave breaking by using the mesh-free Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics model, GPUSPH. The short-crested waves are created by generating intersecting wave trains in a numerical wave basin with a beach. The capability of GPUSPH to simulate short-crested waves is first validated by laboratory measurements. Then we examine short-crested wave breaking with two incident wave heights H = 0.2 m and 0.3 m. The larger incident wave breaks at the toe of the planar beach, while the smaller incident wave breaks above the planar beach. The breaking
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7

Kriebel, David L. "NONLINEAR DIFFRACTION BY A VERTICAL CYLINDER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (1988): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.1.

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A theoretical solution is developed for the interaction of second-order Stokes waves with a large vertical circular cylinder in water of finite depth. The solution is obtained in terms of the velocity potential such that any kinematic or dynamic quantity of interest may be derived, consistent to the second perturbation order. In this study, the second-order wave field around the cylinder is determined, showing the modification of the incident Stokes waves by wave-wave and wave-structure interactions, both in the reflection-dominated up-wave region and in the diffraction-dominated down-wave reg
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8

Yoon, Sung Bum, Jong-In Lee, Young-Take Kim, and Choong Hun Shin. "Laboratory and numerical experiments on stem waves due to monochromatic waves along a vertical wall." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 25, no. 3 (2018): 521–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-25-521-2018.

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Abstract. In this study, both laboratory and numerical experiments are conducted to investigate stem waves propagating along a vertical wall developed by the incidence of monochromatic waves. The results show the following features: for small-amplitude waves, the wave heights along the wall show a slowly varying undulation. Normalized wave heights perpendicular to the wall show a standing wave pattern. The overall wave pattern in the case of small-amplitude waves shows a typical diffraction pattern around a semi-infinite thin breakwater. As the amplitude of incident waves increases, both the u
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9

Voskoboinick, Volodymyr Anatoliyovych, Oleksandr Anatoliyovych Voskoboinyk, Andriy Volodymyrovych Voskobiinyk, Anatolii Grygorovych Kharchenko, and Denys Volodymyrovych Trudenko. "FEATURES OF WAVE TRANSFORMATION BY A PERMEABLE BREAKWATER." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Mathematical modeling in engineering and technologies, no. 1(8) (July 23, 2025): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.20998/2222-0631.2025.01(8).03.

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The influence of the permeability of a breakwater on the wave transformation is studied. It is assumed that the vertical breakwater, in contrast to an absolutely rigid one, is characterized by a finite permeability and can absorb the energy of incoming incident waves. In this regard, the propagation of surface gravity waves in a rectangular coordinate system is investigated. Traditional realized examples of wave energy selection and their mathematical analysis are given. From the law of conservation of energy upon reflection from vertical walls follows the dependence for the reflection coeffic
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10

Singh, Baljeet. "Reflection of Plane Waves from Surface of a Generalized Thermo-Viscoelastic Porous Solid Half-Space with Impedance Boundary Conditions." Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 22, no. 4 (2020): 1483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mme-2018-0116.

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AbstractA phenomenon of reflection of plane waves from a thermally insulated surface of a solid half-space is studied in context of Lord-Shulman theory of generalized thermo-viscoelasticity with voids. The governing equations of generalized thermo-viscoelastic medium with voids are specialized in x–z plane. The plane wave solution of these equations shows the existence of three coupled longitudinal waves and a shear vertical wave in a generalized thermo-viscoelastic medium with voids. For incident plane wave (longitudinal or shear), three coupled longitudinal waves and a shear vertical wave re
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11

Sheikh, Rizwan, and Chris Swan. "The Interaction Between Steep Waves and a Vertical, Surface-Piercing Column." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 127, no. 1 (2005): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1854701.

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This paper describes new laboratory observations concerning the interaction between a series of steep incident waves and a vertical, surface-piercing, column. The motivation for the study arose as a result of wave impact damage sustained to the undersides of several concrete gravity-based structures in the northern North Sea. Earlier work, [Swan et al. Appl. Ocean. Res. 19, pp. 309–327 (1997)], demonstrated that in the case of multiple column structures, the individual diameters of which lie outside the typical (linear) diffraction regime, there exists a new and previously unexpected mechanism
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12

Tian, Jiayong, Kanghua Zhang, and Jiashu Lou. "Instrumental response of borehole tensor strainmeters for oblique-incident seismic waves." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1124, no. 1 (2023): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1124/1/012074.

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Abstract It has been proven qualitatively that borehole tensor strainmeters (BTSM) could measure three surface-wave-induced strain components in the horizontal-normal plane. But strain waves are usually incident obliquely to borehole axis to induce not only horizontalnormal strain components but also the three other strain components in the plane of vertical normal, which are usually assumed to zero in conventional model of BTSM installed near the earth surface. Therefore quantitative kinematical-parameter measurement of strain waves of wave normal oblique to borehole axis by BTSM is still a c
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13

Wang, Fei, Zhen Yang, Zhiqiang Song, Yunhe Liu, Yuxian Tan, and Xiaoqing Liu. "Influence of SV Wave Oblique Incidence on the Dynamic Response of Arch Dams Under Canyon Contraction." Water 16, no. 24 (2024): 3630. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243630.

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Current dynamic response analyses of arch dams under an oblique incidence of seismic waves have overlooked the effects of canyon contraction deformation. This study investigated the influence of the incident direction and incident angle of seismic waves on the comprehensive displacements, as well as the damage, of arch dams under canyon contraction conditions. When SV waves are incident obliquely along the river direction, the peak displacements of the dam crest and arch crown beam increase with increasing canyon contraction. The displacement of the dam reaches its maximum when the incident an
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14

Mi, Zhao, Long Pengzhen, Wang Piguang, Zhang Chao, and Du Xiuli. "An Analytical Solution for the Interaction of Waves with Arrays of Circular Cylinders." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (October 11, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5710894.

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This paper presents an analytical method to investigate the multiple scattering problem within arrays of vertical bottom-mounted circular cylinders subjected to linear incident waves. Based on the Laplace equation and boundary conditions on the seabed and surface, a formulation of a two-dimensional multiple scattering problem is first obtained by using the variable separation method. Furthermore, the analytical solution of the wave forces on multiple circular cylinders is derived, which consists of the incident wave force due to the linear incident wave and the scattered wave forces considerin
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15

Kondo, Kosuke, Masayuki Akama, and Masahiko Isobe. "MEASUREMENT OF REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF SEAWALL IN OMORA BAY." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (1986): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.146.

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Field investigations were performed in order to establish the reflecting characteristics of a steel sheet-piling type seawall and two vertical wave-dissipating type seawalls through directional wave measurements of wave reflection systems. A pre-designed line array of several capacitance-type wave gauges was used to measure the wave field just in front of the seawall, and the MMLM (Modified Maximum Likelifood Method) was applied for the calculation of the directional wave spectrum and the reflection coefficient. The estimated directional spectra demonstrated that the MMLM has high resolution p
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16

Li, Qiang, Xianzhong Mao, John Huthnance, Shuqun Cai, and Samuel Kelly. "On Internal Waves Propagating across a Geostrophic Front." Journal of Physical Oceanography 49, no. 5 (2019): 1229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-18-0056.1.

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AbstractReflection and transmission of normally incident internal waves propagating across a geostrophic front, like the Kuroshio or Gulf Stream, are investigated using a modified linear internal wave equation. A transformation from depth to buoyancy coordinates converts the equation to a canonical partial differential equation, sharing properties with conventional internal wave theory in the absence of a front. The equation type is determined by a parameter Δ, which is a function of horizontal and vertical gradients of buoyancy, the intrinsic frequency of the wave, and the effective inertial
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17

Hou, Yidong, Biyang Wen, Caijun Wang, and Yonghuai Yang. "Time-Varying Ocean-Like Surface Scattering at Grazing Incidence: Numerical Analysis of Doppler Spectrum at HF/VHF/UHF Bands." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2019 (July 15, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5363264.

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This paper numerically analyzes the characteristics of the Doppler spectrum at HF/VHF/UHF bands from 1D time-varying ocean-like surfaces at grazing incidence in vertical polarization mode. The rough surface is transformed into a local perturbation plane which has its roughness flattened at the edges. The scattering waves include coherent reflected wave and incoherent scattering waves. The surface currents exciting the incoherent scattering waves are regarded as the unknowns which can be solved from the improved surface integral equation using the method of moments (MoM). The incident plane wav
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18

Liu, Weijie, Yue Ning, Yao Zhang, and Jiandong Zhang. "Shock-Capturing Boussinesq Modelling of Broken Wave Characteristics Near a Vertical Seawall." Water 10, no. 12 (2018): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121876.

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Broken wave characteristics in front of a vertical seawall were modeled and studied using a shock-capturing Boussinesq wave model FUNWAVE-TVD. Validation with the experimental data confirmed the capability of FUNWAVE-TVD in predicting the wave characteristics via the shock-capturing method. Compared to the results obtained from the Boussinesq model coupled with an empirical breaking model, the advantage of the present shock-capturing model for the broken waves near a vertical seawall was clearly revealed. A preliminary investigation of the effects of the key parameters, such as the incident wa
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19

Uwatoko, Takahiko, Takeshi Ijima, Yukimitsu Ushifusa, and Haruyuki Kojima. "WAVE INTERCEPTION BY SEA-BALLOON BREAKWATER." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (1986): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.173.

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When a submerged, flexible bag is filled with air about 60~T0 % of its full volume ( it is called " sea-balloon " ), it has a stable shape with vertical axis of symmetry, on which several vertical wrinkles appear with folds of membrane. If two or more such sea-balloons are arranged to the direction of wave travel and connected pneumatically, balloons are deformed periodically and the air flows reciprocally in connecting pipe, following to the fluid pressure fluctuation due to incident waves. Such a system of sea-balloon intercepts incident waves effectively ( it is called " sea-balloon breakwa
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20

Gent, Marcel R. A. van. "WAVE OVERTOPPING AT DIKES AND BREAKWATERS UNDER OBLIQUE WAVE ATTACK." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.papers.5.

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The crest level of coastal structures such as dikes and breakwaters is often based on estimates of the amount of wave overtopping. One of the important parameters affecting wave overtopping is the angle of the incident waves since oblique waves can significantly reduce the amount of wave overtopping compared to perpendicular wave attack. Based on 3D physical model tests on dikes, rubble mound breakwaters and vertical caisson breakwaters, the influence of oblique wave attack has been evaluated. A new expression for oblique waves has been derived that can be applied for all tested structure type
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21

Denissenko, P., I. Didenkulova, E. Pelinovsky, and J. Pearson. "Influence of the nonlinearity on statistical characteristics of long wave runup." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 18, no. 6 (2011): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-18-967-2011.

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Abstract. Runup of long irregular waves on a plane beach is studied experimentally in the water flume at the University of Warwick. Statistics of wave runup (displacement and velocity of the moving shoreline and their extreme values) is analyzed for the incident wave field with the narrow band spectrum for different amplitudes of incident waves (different values of the breaking parameter Brσ). It is shown experimentally that the distribution of the shoreline velocity does not depend on Brσ and coincides with the distribution of the vertical velocity in the incident wave field as it is predicte
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22

Thorpe, S. A., S. A. Thorpe, and A. P. Haines. "On the reflection of a train of finite-amplitude internal waves from a uniform slope." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 178 (May 1987): 279–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112087001228.

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The reflection of a train of two-dimensional finite-amplitude internal waves propagating at an angle β to the horizontal in an inviscid fluid of constant buoyancy frequency and incident on a uniform slope of inclination α is examined, specifically when β > α. Expressions for the stream function and density perturbation are derived to third order by a standard iterative process. Exact solutions of the equations of motion are chosen for the incident and reflected first-order waves. Whilst these individually generate no harmonics, their interaction does force additional components. In addition
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23

Longo, J., J. Shao, M. Irvine, and F. Stern. "Phase-Averaged PIV for the Nominal Wake of a Surface Ship in Regular Head Waves." Journal of Fluids Engineering 129, no. 5 (2006): 524–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2717618.

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Phase-averaged organized oscillation velocities (U,V,W) and random fluctuation Reynolds stresses (uu¯,vv¯,ww¯,uv¯,uw¯) are presented for the nominal wake of a surface ship advancing in regular head (incident) waves, but restrained from body motions, i.e., the forward-speed diffraction problem. A 3.048×3.048×100m towing tank, plunger wave maker, and towed, 2D particle-image velocimetry (PIV) and servo mechanism wave-probe measurement systems are used. The geometry is DTMB model 5415 (L=3.048m, 1∕46.6 scale), which is an international benchmark for ship hydrodynamics. The conditions are Froude n
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24

Cui, Shiwei, Ya Sun, and Pu Wang. "Second-Order Approximate Reflection Coefficient of Thin Interbeds with Vertical Fractures." Mathematics 12, no. 2 (2024): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12020232.

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The horizontal fractures in the strata will close in the compaction effect of overlying strata, while the vertical cracks are widely developed, which can be equivalent to HTI (transverse isotropy with a horizontal axis of symmetry) medium. When an S-wave propagates into HTI media, the shear wave will divide into two types of waves: a fast S-wave and slow S-wave. When the strata of HTI are thin and overlapping, called the thin interbeds model, the wave field exhibits complex primary reflections, converted waves, and multiples. We introduce a new second-order approximation of the total reflectio
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25

Mandal, B. N., and P. K. Kundu. "Transmission of obliquely incident surface waves through a narrow gap." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 12, no. 4 (1989): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s016117128900092x.

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This note is concerned with the transmission of a train of surface water waves obliquely incident on a thin plane vertical barrier with a narrow gap. Within the framework of the linearized theory of water waves, the problem is reduced to the solution of an integral equation which is solved approximately. The transmission and reflection co–efficients are also obtained approximately and represented graphically against the different angles of incidence for fixed wave numbers.
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26

Jung, Tae-Hwa, Sung-Jae Lee, and Yong-Sik Cho. "Characteristics of Wave Reflection for Vertical and Slit Caissons with Porous Structures." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/972650.

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Offshore structures are occasionally located at a relatively deep water region, the outside of breakwater. In this case, these structures may be damaged by the supposition of incident and reflected waves from a vertical breakwater. To prevent the damage, the reflected waves are controlled by installing porous structures at the face of the vertical breakwater. In this study, numerical experiments are carried out to identify the characteristics of wave reflection from the porous structures installing in front of a vertical or slit caisson.
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27

Weggel, D. C., J. M. Roesset, and M. H. Kim. "Second-Order Vertical Diffraction Forces on Truncated Cylinders." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 118, no. 4 (1996): 259–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833914.

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A number of parametric studies were performed on a series of single, truncated cylinders in deep water using second-order potential theory. The cylinders were subjected to a monochromatic incident wave field. Second-order vertical diffraction force components were computed and plotted to illustrate their variation with cylinder aspect ratio and incident wave frequency. These plots make it possible to obtain rough estimates of vertical second-order diffraction force quantities on cylindrical components without having to perform second-order diffraction theory computations. The double-frequency
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28

ESTEBAN ALCALA, GUSTAVO ADOLFO, SOFIA ESTURO ARCORCHA, IÑIGO BIDAGUREN DIEGO, et al. "EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION OF OWC WAVE ENERGY CONVERTERS BY INCIDENT FLOW STEERING." DYNA 99, no. 1 (2024): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/11064.

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In recent years, the interest in capturing wave energy has increased notably due to the immense potential available and the need to deepen and diversify the use of renewable energies. Oscillating Water Column (OWC) technology is one of the most technologically developed, with the world's first grid-connected demonstration plant located in Mutriku. However, the efficiency of this technology is still insufficient for its consolidation in the energy mix. Therefore, the present work presents an advance in the increase in the extraction of energy from the incident waves through the installation of
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29

Brocklehurst, Paul, Alexander Korobkin, and Emilian I. Părău. "Hydroelastic wave diffraction by a vertical cylinder." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 369, no. 1947 (2011): 2832–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0110.

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A linear three-dimensional problem of hydroelastic wave diffraction by a bottom-mounted circular cylinder is analysed. The fluid is of finite depth and is covered by an ice sheet, which is clamped to the cylinder surface. The ice stretches from the cylinder to infinity in all lateral directions. The hydroelastic behaviour of the ice sheet is described by linear elastic plate theory, and the fluid flow by a potential flow model. The two-dimensional incident wave is regular and has small amplitude. An analytical solution of the coupled problem of hydroelasticity is found by using a Weber transfo
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30

Akrish, Gal, Oded Rabinovitch, and Yehuda Agnon. "Extreme run-up events on a vertical wall due to nonlinear evolution of incident wave groups." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 797 (May 24, 2016): 644–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2016.283.

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Nonlinear evolution of long-crested wave groups can lead to extreme interactions with coastal and marine structures. In the present study the role of nonlinear evolution in the formation of extreme run-up events on a vertical wall is investigated. To this end, the fundamental problem of interaction between non-breaking water waves and a vertical wall over constant water depth is considered. In order to simulate nonlinear wave–wall interactions, the high-order spectral method is applied to a computational domain which aims to represent a two-dimensional wave flume. Wave generation is simulated
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31

Kim, Moo-Hyun, and Dick K. P. Yue. "The complete second-order diffraction solution for an axisymmetric body Part 1. Monochromatic incident waves." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 200 (March 1989): 235–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112089000649.

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We study the diffraction, to second order, of plane monochromatic incident gravity waves by a vertically axisymmetric body. The second-order double-frequency diffraction potential is obtained explicitly. A sequence of one-dimensional integral equations along the generator of the body involving free-surface ring sources of general order are formulated and solved for the circumferential components of the second-order potential. The solution is expedited by analytic integration in the entire local-wave-free outer field of a requisite free-surface integral. The method is validated by extensive con
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32

Rüger, Andreas. "P‐wave reflection coefficients for transversely isotropic models with vertical and horizontal axis of symmetry." GEOPHYSICS 62, no. 3 (1997): 713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444181.

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The study of P‐wave reflection coefficients in anisotropic media is important for amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis. While numerical evaluation of the reflection coefficient is straightforward, numerical solutions do not provide analytic insight into the influence of anisotropy on the AVO signature. To overcome this difficulty, I present an improved approximation for P‐wave reflection coefficients at a horizontal boundary in transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry (VTI media). This solution has the same AVO‐gradient term describing the low‐order angular variati
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33

Urosević, Milovan, and Christopher Juhlin. "Seismic anisotropy in the upper 500 m of the Southern Sydney Basin." GEOPHYSICS 64, no. 6 (1999): 1901–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1444696.

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An analysis of seismic anisotropy at a BHP mining site in the Southern Sydney Basin by combined use of crosshole and vertical seismic profiling (VSP) data is presented. The upper 250 m in this area is highly heterogeneous and has a major impact on the analysis of P-wave traveltimes. It is shown that using P-wave information solely would not, at least in this case, lead to any reasonable estimate of the elastic constants, in particular C13, even if the measurements contained a full range of incident angles. However, if the measurements of SV-waves are available, even over a small range of incid
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34

He, Cong, Guoyuan Xu, Zhigang Zhang, and Wei Li. "Seismic Response of Immersed Tunnel Subject to Oblique Incidence of SV Wave." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (2022): 10440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010440.

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In view of the near-field seismic action, considering that oblique incidence of seismic waves is more realistic than vertical incidence, the seismic response of the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao immersed tunnel subjected to an obliquely incident SV wave is investigated. Using the finite element method and time-domain wave method, the seismic input is transformed into an equivalent node load with a viscous–spring artificial boundary, and a three-dimensional simulation technology for SV waves of oblique incidence is presented. A half-space numerical example is given to demonstrate the accuracy of the p
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35

Evans, D. V., and C. M. Linton. "Submerged Floating Breakwaters." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 113, no. 3 (1991): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2919921.

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In this paper we show how a submerged body can, if properly tuned to the incoming waves, reflect an appreciable amount of the incident wave energy by creating waves through its own motion which effectively cancel the incident waves passing over it. A general theory for this phenomenon is described which is applied to the cases of a hinged vertical plate and a submerged tethered horizontal circular cylinder.
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36

Lara, Javier, Pablo Higuera, Maria Maza, Manuel Del Jesus, Inigo J. Losada, and Gabriel Barajas. "FORCES INDUCED ON A VERTICAL BREAKWATER BY INCIDENT OBLIQUE WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (2012): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.14.

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Over the last years Navier-Stokes numerical models have been developed to accurately simulate wave interaction with all kinds of coastal structures, focusing on both functionality and stability of coastal structures. Although several models have been used to simulate wave interaction with coastal structures in two dimensions (2DV) there are a vast number of three-dimensional effects that need to be investigated in order to improve the design. In this paper a new model called IH-FOAM has been applied to study a vertical breakwater at prototype scale. As a first attempt of validation, the model
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Chen, Li, and Liao Jun Zhang. "Seismic Response of Gravity Dam under Oblique Incidence of Seismic Waves." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 1585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.1585.

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The selection of proper seismic input is essential for seismic response analysis of the gravity dam structures. For the near-field earthquakes, the direction of seismic waves is not always considered as vertical. The non-uniform motion produced by oblique incidence can cause significant influence to the structure. In this study, the obliquely incident method is applied in the finite element model of a typical section of a gravity dam located in southwestern China. The seismic response under obliquely incident of plane P wave and plane SV with different incident angles and tilt directions are d
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38

Gao, Junliang, Shukai Gong, Zhiwei He, et al. "Study on Wave Loads during Steady-State Gap Resonance with Free Heave Motion of Floating Structure." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 2 (2023): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11020448.

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Fluid resonance may occur in a narrow gap between two side-by-side vessels under wave actions, which can cause significant wave height amplification inside the gap and further induce large wave loads and motion responses of the vessel. Based on an open-sourced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) package, OpenFOAM, the steady-state gap resonance phenomenon formed in between two side-by-side boxes and triggered by the incident regular waves is simulated, where the upriver box keeps fixed and the downriver one heaves freely under wave actions. This article comprehensively investigates the influenc
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Yoshida, Akinori, Norio Iida, and Keisuke Murakami. "WAVE DIFFRACTIONS BY ROWS OF VERTICAL CYLINDERS OF ARBITRARY CROSS SECTION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (1986): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.177.

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Wave diffractions by a number of (a group of or a row of) vertical cylinders have been investigated in connection with, e.g., multilegged offshore structures (Spring and Monkmeyer(1974), Ohkusu(1974), Chakrabarti(1978), Mciver and Evans(1984), etc.); Wave-Power absorption devices (Miles (1983), Falnes(1984) , Kyllingstad(1984) , etc.); Wave barrier systems (Massel(1976), Kakuno and Oda(1986), etc.). Most of the previous works were, however, mainly aimed at the wave diffractions by cylinders of circular cross section and/or by cylinders of relatively small dimensions compared to wave length. In
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40

Zheng, Xiaodong, Yiming Shen, Xingguang Zong, Hui Su, and Xun Zhao. "Dynamic Response Analysis of Intake Tower-Hydrodynamic Coupling Boundary Based on SV Wave Spatial Incidence." Buildings 13, no. 7 (2023): 1704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071704.

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In view of the insufficient analysis of the coupled joint seismic response of the intake tower–reservoir water–foundation boundary under the oblique incidence of SV wave space, a three-dimensional dynamic equation of the oblique incidence of SV wave space is established in this paper. The external wave input method of viscoelastic artificial boundary combined with equivalent load and the acoustic medium theory are used to simulate the action of reservoir water, and the angle change in the SV wave incidence is realized by controlling the incident vector. The dynamic response of the structure is
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41

Zhao, W., P. H. Taylor, H. A. Wolgamot, and R. Eatock Taylor. "Amplification of random wave run-up on the front face of a box driven by tertiary wave interactions." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 869 (May 2, 2019): 706–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.229.

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Wave run-up phenomena driven by nonlinear wave interactions with a fixed rectangular box are investigated. Experiments are carried out in different types of uni-directional waves with normal incidence. Significant wave run-ups featuring tertiary interaction effects, similar to those reported by Molin et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 528, 2005, pp. 323–354) for a fixed vertical plate, are observed in regular wave tests. Transient wave group tests are conducted for comparison, to facilitate the analysis of the tertiary interactions in irregular waves. The most striking observation is that the wave s
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Bai, Jin, Qingzhen Yang, Yichao Liang, and Xiang Gao. "Broadband Frequency Selective Rasorber Based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (2022): 1969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111969.

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A broadband frequency selective rasorber (FSR) based on spoofsurface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) is proposed. The FSR is composed of a multi-layer structure comprising frequency selective surface (FSS)-polyresin (PR)-indium tin oxide (ITO)-PR-FSS and placed vertically on a metal base plate. A periodic square cavity structure is formed. The transmission characteristics of the FSR are studied by full-wave simulation and equivalent circuit method. The simulation results demonstrate that under normal incidence, the absorption rate of the structure remains 95% in the 5–30 GHz band, and the absorption
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43

Rhodes-Robinson, P. F. "On waves in the presence of vertical porous boundaries." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 39, no. 1 (1997): 104–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000009243.

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AbstractIn this paper various wave motions in water of infinite depth containing vertical porous boundaries are determined when the water is of infinite extent on one or both sides. Initially surface tension is ignored and simple solutions for incident waves are obtained before going on to harder wave source and wave-maker solutions. A reduction method is developed to obtain solutions for two-sided boundaries from those for one-sided, which are obtained by standard techniques. The effect of surface tension that precludes simple solutions is also considered, although a present lack of informati
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Zhang, Rong. "Reection and refraction of plane waves at the interface between magnetoelectroelastic and liquid media." Theoretical and Applied Mechanics 40, no. 3 (2013): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tam1303427z.

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This paper analyzes the reflection and refraction of plane wave incidences at the interface between magnetoelectroelastic (MEE) and liquid media. The MEE medium is assumed to be transversely isotropic and the liquid medium to be nonviscous. Three cases, i.e., the coupled quasipressure wave incidence from the MEE medium, the coupled quasi-shear vertical wave incidence from the MEE medium, and the pressure wave incidence from the liquid medium, are discussed. The expressions of reflection and transmission coefficients varying with the incident angle are obtained. This investigation would be usef
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Castellino, Myrta, Paolo De Girolamo, Viola Monaci, Alessandro Romano, and Javier L. Lara. "CONFINED-CREST IMPACT: THE INFLUENCE OF THE TOE BERM ON THE IMPULSIVE LOAD CONDITIONS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.structures.17.

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Composite vertical breakwaters are coastal structures used to defend port basins from waves in intermediate and deep water conditions. In order to safely use the inner side of harbors, it is important to limit wave overtopping. Parapet walls are used for this purpose. To improve the hydraulic efficiency of the parapet wall with a fixed crown wall height, the wall can be shaped giving rise to a recurved overhand toward the sea. Its function is to deflect back the incident waves. Recently, it has been shown that the interaction between non-breaking waves and recurved parapet can induce impulsive
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46

Chioukh, Nadji, Mohamed Boukhari, Yalçın Yüksel, and Benameur Hamoudi. "PERFORMANCE OF POROUS MARINE STRUCTURES OF SINGLE AND DOUBLE PERFORATED SEAWALLS IN REGULAR OBLIQUE WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.waves.8.

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In the present paper we examine the performance of two very common types of wave absorbing porous marine structures under regular oblique waves. The first structure consists of a single perforated vertical seawall, whereas the second consists of two perforated vertical seawalls creating what is called a chamber system (Jarlan type breakwater). The structures are surface piercing thus eliminating wave overtopping. Two methods are used for the present investigation. In the first method the problem of the interaction of obliquely incident linear waves upon a pair of porous vertical seawalls is fi
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Sclavounos, P. D. "Forward-Speed Vertical Wave Exciting Forces on Ships." Journal of Ship Research 29, no. 02 (1985): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.1985.29.2.105.

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Expressions are derived for the heave and pitch exciting force and moment on a ship advancing in waves. They are obtained in the form of an integral over the ship axis of the outer source strength of the reverse-flow radiation problem multiplied by the value of the incident-wave velocity potential. Their performance is tested for two slender spheroids. Comparisons are made with predictions obtained from a three-dimensional numerical solution at zero speed—the expression common to strip-theory programs which uses the ship hull as the integration surface—and the direct solution of the diffractio
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48

Hayashi, Kenjirou, and Toshiyuki Shigemura. "UNSTEADY FLOW AROUND A VERTICAL CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN A WAVE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (1988): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.68.

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The unsteady characteristics of flow around a vertical circular cylinder in a typical wave, under which the lift force acting on it is very stable and has a frequency which is twice that of the incident wave, have been investigated experimentally. The relationship between the fluctuating flow velocities near the boundary layer separation points and the lift force acting on a sectional part of the cylinder has been understood quantitatively. To clarify the region where the appearance of stable lift force occurs, the long time records of lift forces acting on vertical cylinders in waves are also
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49

McHugh, J. P. "Incidence and reflection of internal waves and wave-induced currents at a jump in buoyancy frequency." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 22, no. 3 (2015): 259–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-22-259-2015.

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Abstract. Weakly nonlinear internal gravity waves are treated in a two-layer fluid with a set of nonlinear Schrodinger equations. The layers have a sharp interface with a jump in buoyancy frequency approximately modeling the tropopause. The waves are periodic in the horizontal but modulated in the vertical and Boussinesq flow is assumed. The equation governing the incident wave packet is directly coupled to the equation for the reflected packet, while the equation governing transmitted waves is only coupled at the interface. Solutions are obtained numerically. The results indicate that the wav
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Poikonen, Ari, and Ilkka Suppala. "On modeling airborne very low‐frequency measurements." GEOPHYSICS 54, no. 12 (1989): 1596–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442627.

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Numerical models employed in ground VLF modeling use a normally incident (homogeneous) plane wave as a primary field. We show that these models are not directly applicable to modeling the impedance and wavetilt in the air, quantities needed in the interpretation of airborne VLF resistivity measurements. Instead, the primary field must be replaced by an inhomogeneous plane wave incident on the ground at an angle close to 90 degrees in order to provide the correct behavior of the apparent resistivities in the air. VLF magnetic polarization parameters, however, can be modeled in the air using the
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