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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical mulch'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Pratiwi, Pratiwi, and Narendra Budi Hadi. "ENHANCING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF DEGRADED LAND THROUGH SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION TECHNIQUE IN CARITA RESEARCH FOREST, WEST JAVA." JOURNAL OF FORESTRY RESEARCH 9, no. 2 (2012): 81–90. https://doi.org/10.20886/ijfr.2012.9.2.81-90.

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Encroachments on Carita Research Forest area have exacerbated the degradation of land due to uncontrolled runoff, erosion and nutrient losses especially on the sloping land with high annual rainfall. To reduce the severity of the degradation the area should be rehabilitated by applying soil and water conservation techniques. The techniques used were the vegetative methods (culture), and a combination of it with mechanical/technical methods. The combination method is expected to be more effective in controlling runoff, erosion and nutrient losses. One important parameter is the efficiency of th

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2

Bristow, KL. "The role of mulch and its architecture in modifying soil temperature." Soil Research 26, no. 2 (1988): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9880269.

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Both the quantity and architecture of a surface mulch affect its performance in modifying the soil microenvironment. In this paper, temperature under two simple mulch architectures is compared and contrasted with that of bare soil in a tropical environment. In mulch treatments the quantities of mulch per unit area were similar, but elements in one treatment were horizontal (forming a 5 cm layer) while in the other they were vertical (forming a 22 cm layer). Temperatures were recorded for several days as the soil dried following a storm which saturated the mulch and surface soil. The bare soil

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Guo, Kai, Mingzhu Cao, Hongguang Yang, et al. "A Preliminary Determination of Mechanical and Suspension Properties of Waste Mulch Film and Cotton Stalk." Agriculture 13, no. 8 (2023): 1572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081572.

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In order to provide basic data and a theoretical basis for waste mulch film crushing and separation equipment, the mechanical and suspension properties of waste mulch film and cotton stalk were determined in this study. In the mechanical properties test, the tensile properties of waste mulch film and the shear properties of different parts of cotton stalk were investigated. In the suspension properties test, the suspension properties of different qualities of waste mulch film and different parts of cotton stalk were investigated. The results showed that the average maximum tensile forces and f

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Noeralam, A., S. Arsyad, and A. Iswandi. "Effective Technique of Run Off Control on Sloping Upland Farming." Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan 5, no. 1 (2003): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jitl.5.1.13-16.

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The aims of this study were to find out the effects of run off control techniques and cropping patterns on run off rateof sloping upland farming. A series of factorial experiments was conducted on a Lithic Dystrudepts located at three differentsloping uplands in Malang, East Java. The area belong to the C type of Did em an climatic zone.The three run off control techniques were soil pit with vertical mulch (TI), soil pit with ridge and vertical mulch (T JJ, and soil pit with ridge (T3)' The two sequential cropping patterns were maize (Zea mays L.) - soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) - maize (PI

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Kalisz, P. J., J. W. Stringer, and R. J. Wells. "Vertical Mulching of Trees: Effects on Roots and Water Status." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 20, no. 3 (1994): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1994.026.

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We examined the effect of vertical mulching on root growth and xylem water potential of large sugar maples (Acersaccharum) growing in pastures. Root mass in the 35-40 cm depth of undisturbed soil was about 50% that in the 5-10 cm depth, and root mass at the edge of the canopy (7.5 m from the trunk) was about 40% that found at 1 /4 the distance to the edge of the canopy. After three growing seasons, the abundance of roots in perlite-filled vertical mulch channels (0.6 kg/m3) was significantly (P<0.0001) less than in undisturbed soil 1-2 m away from mulch channels (4.4 kg/m3) and in undisturb

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Patten, Kim D., Elizabeth W. Neuendorff, and Stan C. Peters. "Root Distribution of ‘Climax’ Rabbiteye Blueberry as Affected by Mulch and Irrigation Geometry." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 113, no. 5 (1988): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.113.5.657.

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Abstract We studied the horizontal and vertical root distribution of 3-year-old ‘Climax’ rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) in a sandy loam soil. Root density decreased logarithmically in the horizontal direction from the crown and linearly with depth. Ninety percent of the roots were within 0 to 0.38 m from the crown and 0 to 0.45 m depth. Roots spread more within the rows than across rows. Sawdust mulch increased the radial spread of roots, but did not promote rooting in the top 0.15 m of soil. Compared to one or two drip emitters per plants, low-volume spray emitters increased radi

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7

Percival, Glynn C., Sean Graham, and Emma Franklin. "The Influence of Soil Decompaction and Amendments on Soil Quality." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 49, no. 4 (2023): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2023.012.

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Abstract Urban soil is often compacted during anthropogenic activities, which presents a challenging substrate for tree growth. Two techniques for decompacting soils (air spading and vertical mulching) were evaluated alone and in combination with the soil amendment biochar and/or a woodchip mulch. Effects on soil quality (bulk density, organic matter, vegetation ground cover, cotton strip degradation, root dry mass, and earthworm counts) were monitored over 5 years. A combined treatment of air spading, biochar, and a woodchip mulch layer proved optimal in improving the soil quality of a heavil

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Wu, H. X., Yunxin Zhang, Lishu Wang, Dongjuan Chen, and Chao Ma. "Effect of infiltration head on soil water movement of small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film." World Journal of Engineering 16, no. 2 (2019): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-10-2017-0332.

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PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of different infiltration heads on soil water movement using a free infiltration test for small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film.Design/methodology/approachThe test consisted of small-diameter tube outflow furrow irrigation under mulch film with three different infiltration heads (3, 4 and 5 cm) and furrow drip irrigation under mulch film using an infiltration head of 4 cm (CK).FindingsDuring irrigation, the accumulated infiltration and migration distance of the wetting front increased with time. During the s

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Paul, Priya Lal Chandra, Richard W. Bell, Edward G. Barrett-Lennard, and Enamul Kabir. "Impact of Rice Straw Mulch on Soil Physical Properties, Sunflower Root Distribution and Yield in a Salt-Affected Clay-Textured Soil." Agriculture 11, no. 3 (2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030264.

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Puddling of clay soils for rice transplanting causes a loss of soil structure and vertical shrinkage cracks that are hypothesized to hamper sunflower root growth in the following dry season. To alleviate soil constraints for sunflower root growth and yield, we examined the effects of three levels of mulch and two irrigation regimes in the dry season on a clay-textured soil in the coastal zone of Bangladesh. These treatments were no-mulch, rice straw mulch at 5 t ha−1 and 10 t ha−1, irrigation applied to the field capacity (I1) and a water supply double that of the I1 treatment (I2). The rice s

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10

Downer, A. J., J. A. Menge, and E. Pond. "Association of Cellulytic Enzyme Activities in Eucalyptus Mulches with Biological Control of Phytophthora cinnamomi." Phytopathology® 91, no. 9 (2001): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2001.91.9.847.

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A series of samples were taken from mulched and unmulched trees starting at the surface of mulch or soil to a 15 cm soil depth, forming a vertical transect. Saprophytic fungi isolated from the soil samples on rose bengal medium and surveyed visually were most abundant in mulches and at the interface of mulch and soil (P < 0.05). Microbial activity as assayed by the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate was significantly greater in mulch layers than in soils. Cellulase and laminarinase enzyme activities were greatest in upper mulch layers and rapidly decreased in soil layers (P < 0.05). Enz

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MICALLEF, SHIRLEY A., MARY THERESA CALLAHAN, and SIVARANJANI PAGADALA. "Occurrence and Dispersal of Indicator Bacteria on Cucumbers Grown Horizontally or Vertically on Various Mulch Types." Journal of Food Protection 79, no. 10 (2016): 1663–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-16-106.

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ABSTRACT No data exist on the impact of cultivation practices on food safety risks associated with cucumber. Cucumbers are typically grown horizontally over a mulch cover, with fruit touching the ground, but this vining plant grows well in vertical systems. To assess whether production system affects bacterial dispersal onto plants, field trials were conducted over 2 years. Cucumber cultivar ‘Marketmore 76’ was grown horizontally on plastic, straw, or bare ground or vertically on trellises installed on bare ground in soil previously amended with raw dairy manure. Fruit, flower, leaf, and soil

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12

Ells, James E., Ann E. McSay, E. Gordon Kruse, and Gregory Larson. "Root Distribution and Proliferation of Field-grown Acorn Squash as Influenced by Plastic Mulch and Water." HortTechnology 4, no. 3 (1994): 248–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.4.3.248.

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Squash (Cucurbita pepo L. var. pepo) plants were grown on black polyethylene mulch or on bare ground, with trickle or furrow irrigation, and received only natural rainfall, or natural rainfall plus half or all of the estimated supplemental irrigation water required as determined by an irrigation scheduling program. The squash roots predominate in the upper 6 inches of soil throughout the season, with no less than 60% of the root mass located in this layer. The proliferation of roots increased as they extended horizontally from the vertical center line of the plant from 0 to 24 inches. Neither

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Puttavenkategowda, Thimmegowda, and T. E. Nagaraja. "Scheduling of irrigation with mulch under different sugarcane planting methods." E3S Web of Conferences 117 (2019): 00011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911700011.

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A filed experiment was conducted at ZARS, V. C. Farm, Mandya to enhance the crop and water productivity in sugarcane during 2017-18 and 2018-19. The design used was strip plot design with planting methods as a horizontal factor and irrigation scheduling as a vertical factor with three replications. Among the planting methods, 120 cm row spaced furrow planting with dhaincha green manure sowing at 30 DAP and mulching at 75 DAP recorded significantly higher cane yield (158.5 and 161.0 t/ha, respectively) as compared to others during both the years of experimentation. Among the irrigation schedule

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Roe, Nancy E., Peter J. Stoffella, and Herbert H. Bryan. "Growth and Yields of Bell Pepper and Winter Squash Grown with Organic and Living Mulches." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 119, no. 6 (1994): 1193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.119.6.1193.

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Increasing disposal problems with polyethylene (PL) mulch and greater availability of compost prompted an investigation into the effects of using compost as a mulch on horizontal raised bed surfaces with living mulches (LMs) on vertical surfaces. Wood chips (WC), sewage sludge-yard trimming (SY) compost, and municipal solid waste (MW) compost were applied at 224 t·ha-1 on bed surfaces. Sod strips of `Jade' (JD) or `Floratam' (FT) St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum Kuntze) or perennial peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.) (PP) or seeds of a small, seed-propagated forage peanut (Arachis sp.

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15

Herrera-Melián, José Alberto, Mónica Mendoza-Aguiar, Rayco Guedes-Alonso, Pilar García-Jiménez, Marina Carrasco-Acosta, and Ezio Ranieri. "Multistage Horizontal Subsurface Flow vs. Hybrid Constructed Wetlands for the Treatment of Raw Urban Wastewater." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (2020): 5102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125102.

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In this study, pilot-scale hybrid constructed wetlands (CWs) and multistage horizontal subsurface flow CWs (HF CWs) have been studied and compared for the treatment of raw urban wastewater. In the hybrid CWs, the first stage was a mulch-based horizontal subsurface flow CW and the second stage was a vertical subsurface flow CW (VF CW). The VF CWs were used to determine if sand could improve the performance of the hybrid CW with respect to the mulch. In the multistage HFs, mulch, gravel and sand were used as substrates. The effect of water height (HF10: 10 cm vs. HF40: 40 cm) and surface loading

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16

Wairagade, M. N., V. G. More, V. G. Chavan, et al. "Optimizing Okra Yield: The Synergistic Effects of Land Configuration, Mulching and Fertilizer Management." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 31, no. 1 (2025): 352–61. https://doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2025/v31i12776.

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The field experiment was carried out during rabi seasons of 2022-23 and 2023-24 at Instructional Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Dapoli. Dist. Ratnagiri (M.S.). The soil of the experimental plot was sandy clay loam in texture, low in available nitrogen and very low in phosphorus, medium in potassium, very high in organic carbon and acidic in reaction. The field experiments were laid out in a strip plot design comprising of twelve treatment combinations replicated thrice. The vertical strips consist of four land configurations with or without mulch treatment viz., M1: Rais

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Gough, R. E. "Color of Plastic Mulch Affects Lateral Root Development But Not Root System Architecture in Pepper." HortScience 36, no. 1 (2001): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.36.1.66.

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In 1999, `Sweet Banana' pepper [Capsicum annuum L. (Grossum Group)] plants were grown under clean cultivation or with red, silver, or black polyethylene selective reflecting (SMR) mulches over the soil surface. Plants in each of three replications per treatment were field-set on 15 June. On 22 Sept., the plants were excavated and their root systems examined using a trench profile method and a succession of trench wall slices. The total numbers of roots of each plant at depths of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm and 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm from the plant stem were recorded. Distribution and archi

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Masnang, Andi, Asmanur Jannah, Reny Andriyanty, and Umi Haryati. "The Effectiveness and Valuation of Using Silt Pit to Reduce Erosion and Nutrient Loss of Andosol." JOURNAL OF TROPICAL SOILS 27, no. 1 (2022): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2022.v27i1.27-35.

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The silt pit is a method of soil management that functions to accommodate and absorb surface runoff. The research aimed to determine the silt pit effectiveness for erosion reduction and nutrient loss. The research is located at 576 above sea level (asl) in Sukamantri village, Taman Sari district, Bogor Regency. The experiment used a randomized block design with three replications and a slope group. The treatments were R0 (without silt pit); R1 (silt pit); R2 (silt pit + mulch); R3 (silt pit + mulch + biopore tube), R4 (silt pit + mulch + biopore tube + vertical crop tube). The highest runoff-d

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Choi, Woochol J., Harjinder Kaur, and Stephen N. Robinovitch. "Measurement of the Effect of Playground Surface Materials on Hand Impact Forces During Upper Limb Fall Arrests." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 30, no. 2 (2014): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0081.

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Distal radius fractures are common on playgrounds. Yet current guidelines for the selection of playground surface materials are based only on protection against fall-related head injuries. We conducted “torso release” experiments to determine how common playground surface materials affect impact force applied to the hand during upper limb fall arrests. Trials were acquired for falls onto a rigid surface, and onto five common playground surface materials: engineered wood fiber, gravel, mulch, rubber tile, and sand. Measures were acquired for arm angles of 20 and 40 degrees from the vertical. Pl

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Srivastava, Kanchan Kumar, Dinesh Kumar, and Prananath Barman. "Root Distribution Pattern, Growth and Yield Attributes Of Guava (Psidium Guajava L.) As Influenced by Raised Bed And Mulching Under High Density Planting System." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 51, no. 1 (2022): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v51i1.58829.

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The root distribution pattern, growth and yield of guava were studied on the trees planted at 3 m × 3 m spacing on raised bed whose basin area was covered with black polythene mulch (RBM), raised bed without mulch (RBUM) and flat bed (FB). Findings showed that the root density varied in horizontal and vertical position. Maximum feeding roots (< 2mm thickness) were recorded up to 20 cm radial distance from tree trunk at 0-15 cm depth under raised bed with mulch (RBM) and without mulch (RBUM) conditions. However, at 16-30 cm depth, fibrous roots (< 2mm thickness) were found uniform in all

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Aryal, Amrit, Anil Balchhaudi, Rabin Khadka, Shrawan Kumar Sah, Santosh Marahatta, and Tulsi Parajuli. "Response of Sowing Dates, Crop Establishment Methods and Mulching on Growth, Productivity and Profitability of Spring Wheat at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal." International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 10, no. 4 (2022): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v10i4.49803.

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Intensive tillage with no crop residue after rice harvest in conventional wheat cultivation increases the turn around time, delays sowing and affects the yield. A field experiment was carried out to assess the effect of sowing dates, establishment methods and mulching and their interaction on growth, productivity and profitability of spring wheat at agronomy farm of AFU, Rampur Chitwan, Nepal from November 2020 to April 2021. The experiment was laid out in strip-split plot design, with three dates of sowing (20th November, 5th December and 20th December) in vertical plots, two establishment me

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Dalahmeh, Sahar S., Lars D. Hylander, Björn Vinnerås, Mikael Pell, Ingrid Öborn, and Håkan Jönsson. "Potential of organic filter materials for treating greywater to achieve irrigation quality: a review." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 9 (2011): 1832–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.387.

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The objectives of this literature review were to: (i) evaluate the impact of greywater generated in rural communities, with the emphasis on Jordanian conditions, on soil, plant and public health and assess the need for treatment of this greywater before it is used for irrigation, and (ii) assess the potential of different types of organic by-products as carrier material in different filter units for removal of pollutants from greywater. Greywater with high BOD5, COD, high concentrations of SS, fat, oil and grease and high levels of surfactants is commonly found in rural areas in Jordan. Oxygen

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Yan, Long, Min-jian Chen, Peng Hu, Di-li Li, and Yong Wang. "An analysis on the influence of precipitation infiltration on groundwater under different irrigation conditions in the semi-arid area." Water Supply 21, no. 3 (2021): 1111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2021.011.

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Abstract The West Liaohe Plain is a typical semi-arid area, where the process of rainfall infiltration to replenish groundwater is a key link in its vertical hydrological cycle. In this paper, we compare and analyze the impact upon soil moisture movement and water infiltration after the shift of irrigation method from flood irrigation to mulched drip irrigation under mulch through setting up in-field in-situ observation points and carrying out groundwater depth dynamic observation. The results show that compared with mulched drip irrigation under mulch, flood irrigation has a stronger response

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Marx, Donald, Michael Murphy, Teresa Parrish, Selina Marx, Dennis Haigler, and Dorie Eckard. "Root Response of Mature Live Oaks in Coastal South Carolina to Root Zone Inoculations with Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Inoculants." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 23, no. 6 (1997): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1997.039.

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New fine root growth and ectomycorrhizal development were determined for mature live oak {Quercus virginiana) growing in a stressed landscape after soil injection of ectomycorrhizal fungal {Pisolithus tinctorius Pt) spores with or without fertilizer (12-48-8) or after vertical mulch application of a mix of Pt spores, soil-enriching bacteria, various organics, and water-managing gels. After 6 months, the injected spores stimulated more ectomycorrhizal development than the fertilizer or water-only control treatments. When spores and fertilizer were applied together, they increased by four times

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Gough, R. E. "285 Some Polyethylene Mulches Increase Root Numbers in Peppers." HortScience 35, no. 3 (2000): 440D—440. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.440d.

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In 1999, `Sweet Banana' pepper plants were grown under clean cultivation or SMR—red, silver, or black polyethylene mulches. Plants in each of three replications per treatment were field-set on 15 June. On 22 Sept., plants were excavated, and their root systems were examined. The total number of roots per plant at 5-, 10-, 15-, 20-, and 25-cm depths and 10-, 20-, 30-, 40-, 50-, and 60-cm distances from plant stems were recorded. Distribution and architecture of the root systems also were examined. Plants grown under clean cultivation developed 50 to 60 adventitious roots each, while those grown

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Adamczewska-Sowińska, Katarzyna. "The Use of Soil Surface Mulching on Melon (Cucumis melo L.) Production under Temperate Climate Conditions." Agriculture 14, no. 8 (2024): 1398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture14081398.

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Despite its significant thermal requirements, melon is a vegetable species that holds the potential for expanding the crop range in temperate climate regions. The selection of appropriate varieties and agronomic practices facilitates its cultivation in these regions. This experiment, employing a randomized block design, was conducted from 2019 to 2021, and this study evaluated the response of three melon varieties—‘Seledyn F1’, ‘Melba’, and ‘Malaga F1’ (factor I)—to various mulching materials (factor II): black polyethylene film (PE), black polypropylene nonwoven (PP), biodegradable film (Fbio

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Carvalho, Ailton A. de, Thieres G. F. da Silva, Luciana S. B. de Souza, Magna S. B. de Moura, Gherman G. L. de Araujo, and Matheus P. S. Tolêdo. "Soil moisture in forage cactus plantations with improvement practices for their resilience." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 21, no. 7 (2017): 481–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v21n7p481-487.

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ABSTRACT The present study evaluated soil moisture (θ) in forage cactus plantations under resilience practices such as irrigation, mulching and intercropping with sorghum. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five water availability conditions (0, 8.75, 17.5, 26.25 and 35% of the reference evapotranspiration), and three planting systems: forage cactus exclusive system (PE), forage cactus with mulch (PC) and intercropping between forage cactus and sorghum (PS). Water content was measured until a depth of 0.60 m. Meteorological data were recorded between June 2012 and Ju

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Schiks, Tom, Dan K. Thompson, and B. Mike Wotton. "Short-term effects of mastication on fuel moisture and thermal regime of boreal fuel beds." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 45, no. 7 (2015): 867–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2014-0431.

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Mechanical mastication is becoming a common fuel management treatment to reduce vertical fuel connectivity, as well as crown fire initiation and potential fire-line intensity, but the moisture dynamics of these novel fuel types have been largely unstudied. We recorded concurrent in situ meteorological observations with moisture and temperature profiles (at depths of 5 and 13 cm) for masticated fuel beds in three treatments in a lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) – black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) boreal stand located in the Upper Foothills of west-central

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Zhou, Jie, Haifeng Wang, and Beibei Han. "Sand Supply Affects Wind Erosion Efficiency and Sand Transport on Sand-Cemented Body Mulch Bed." Atmosphere 15, no. 5 (2024): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos15050571.

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Sand-cemented bodies (SCBs) are naturally distributed in some interdune corridors in the central Taklimakan Desert, northwest China. In this study, field-collected SCB particles were used as the experimental material, and wind tunnel experiments were conducted with different sand supplies, wind velocities, and SCB coverages to evaluate SCB wind erosion efficiency and vertical mass flux. The results showed that wind erosion efficiency decreased as SCB coverage increased. When the SCB coverage was above 40%, sand deposition processes occurred only under saturated sand flow, while sand transport

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Carrasco-Acosta, Marina, Pilar Garcia-Jimenez, José Alberto Herrera-Melián, Néstor Peñate-Castellano, and Argimiro Rivero-Rosales. "The Effects of Plants on Pollutant Removal, Clogging, and Bacterial Community Structure in Palm Mulch-Based Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (2019): 632. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030632.

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In this study, the effects of plants on the performance and bacterial community structure of palm mulch-based vertical flow constructed wetlands was studied. The wetlands were built in August 2013; one of them was planted with Canna indica and Xanthosoma sp., and the other one was not planted and used as a control. The experimental period started in September 2014 and finished in June 2015. The influent was domestic wastewater, and the average hydraulic surface loading was 208 L/m2d, and those of COD, BOD, and TSS were 77, 57, and 19 g/m2d, respectively. Although the bed without plants initial

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Surikova, Valentīna, and Aldis Kārkiņš. "COMPETITION BETWEEN APPLE-TREES AND GRASS IN THE ORCHARD." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (August 3, 2015): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol1.1118.

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The objective of the research was to study the possible competition between roots of apple-trees and grass under the influence of applied moisture regulation methods. No analogical research has been performed in Latvia so far. The investigation was done on the base of an existing trial planted in 1997 with cultivar `Melba` at 1.5 × 4 m planting distances. Three different treatments of soil moisture management were compared: control, sawdust mulch and fertigation. Inter-row strips were covered by grass vegetation (Lolium perenne and Poa pratensis, in proportion 1:3). The horizontal and vertical

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Dai, Houshuai, Ruoshui Wang, Li Chen, et al. "Effects of Different Micro-Irrigation Methods on Water Use and the Economic Benefits of an Apple–Soybean Intercropping System." Agronomy 13, no. 4 (2023): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041143.

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Intercropping systems reduce ineffective evaporation between trees but also intensify interspecific competition and reduce productivity. To improve the water-use efficiency and the economic benefits of an intercropping system on the Loess Plateau, China, where rainfall is limited and evaporation intense, an apple–soybean intercropping system with micro-irrigation water control was adopted to analyze the soil water, root density, water-use efficiency, yield, and economic benefits of intercropping under different micro-irrigation methods. Subsurface seepage irrigation, bubbler irrigation, and dr

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Demydenko, O. V., and Ye V. Zadubynna. "Efficiency of by-products under no-till system in the first years of application." Agriculture and plant sciences: theory and practice, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 31–43. https://doi.org/10.54651/agri.2024.01.04.

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To determine the special effects of the formed layer of by-products in the form of mulch on the field surface on the change of agrophysical state of chernozem and accumulation of productive moisture reserves in the one-metre soil layer in spring after the transition to No-till system after abandoning systematic ploughing and long-term surface tillage in the agrocenosis of 5-field grain crop rotation in the central part of the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical methods, comparative and calculation methods. Results. When switching from systematic ploughing and lon

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Bonachela, Santiago, María Cruz Sánchez-Guerrero, Juan Carlos López, Evangelina Medrano, and Joaquín Hernández. "Evaluation of New Passive Heating Systems for Low-Cost Greenhouses in a Mild-Winter Area." Horticulturae 11, no. 7 (2025): 752. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11070752.

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The main objective of this work was to evaluate new variants of passive heating systems used for horticultural crop cycles of crops planted in the cold period in low-cost greenhouses on the Mediterranean Spanish coast (a mild-winter area). The double low cover (DLC) is variant of the conventional fixed plastic screen that reduces the air volume and increases the airtightness around crops. Three identical DLCs were installed inside a typical greenhouse, and the microclimate measured in the three DLCs was similar. The DLCs reduced the solar radiation transmissivity coefficient by around 0.05 but

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Manjeet Singh, AseemVerma, and Jaskarn Singh Mahal. "Performance Evaluation of Spatially Modified No-Till Drill under Different Field Conditions." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 51, no. 4 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2014514.1559.

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A major problem in sowing wheat crop under no-tillage condition in combine harvested paddy fields is the frequent choking of no-till drill machine due to long loose paddy straw lying in the windrows. Effective residue management requires both straw and chaff to be finely chopped and evenly spread over the entire cutting width of combine. Sowing performance of spatially modified no-till drill in combine harvested paddy field after one operation of straw chopper-cum-spreader,was studied. Spatially modified no-till drill with 3-member frame, 600 mm vertical clearance and 600 mm tine-to-tine spaci

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Kadlec, R. H. "Thermal environments of subsurface treatment wetlands." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 11-12 (2001): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0837.

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Treatment wetlands are solar powered ecosystems, resulting in annually cyclic temperatures. This paper reports data and models for temperatures and energy flows for subsurface flow wetlands. The water temperature seasonal cycle follows the air temperature during unfrozen conditions, with small hysteresis. Winter under-ice water temperatures are approximately 2°C. The energy balance is dominated by radiation to and from the wetland, and evaporative losses. Sensible heat flows, conduction and convection are of smaller magnitude. Lateral energy losses were measured to be small. Vertical gains and

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Zhang, Xiyun, Jun Xue, Ming Tian, et al. "Maize Lodging Resistance with Plastic Film Removal, Increased Planting Density, and Cultivars with Different Maturity Periods." Plants 11, no. 20 (2022): 2723. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11202723.

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While plastic film mulching and proper high-density planting are important methods that can improve maize yield, years of accumulated residual film have created soil pollution and degraded soil, and thus has impeded sustainable agriculture development. Here, we compared the stalk and root lodging resistances of three maize cultivars grown at two planting densities both with (FM) and without (NM) plastic film mulch. Our aim was to provide a theoretical basis that may help assure a future of successful no-film planting with increased planting density. The results showed that, compared with FM, t

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Majkowska-Gadomska, Joanna, Emilia Mikulewicz, and Anna Francke. "Effects of Plant Covers and Mulching on the Biometric Parameters, Yield and Nutritional Value of Tomatillos (Physalis ixocarpa Brot. Ex Hornem.)." Agronomy 11, no. 9 (2021): 1742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091742.

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The aim of this study, which involved a field experiment conducted in north-eastern Poland, is to evaluate the phytometric parameters, yield, and biological value of fruit of three tomatillo cultivars grown in soil mulched with black PE (polyethylene) film and covered with PE film and non-woven PP (polypropylene) fabric. A two-factor field experiment was conducted in 2015 and 2017–2018 in the Agricultural Experiment Station owned by the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. In the control treatment, tomatillo plants were grown without protective covers or mulch. Tomatillo fruits were har

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Roy, R. C., B. R. Ball Coelho, R. D. Reeleder, et al. "Effect of planting bed shape, mulch and soil density on root yield and shape in North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 88, no. 5 (2008): 937–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07201.

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Ginseng root value varies with shape. To increase understanding of factors affecting root shape and growth, we conducted a 4-yr field experiment with three planting bed shapes with and without straw mulch cover, and 3-yr duplicate experiments with varied soil textures and bulk densities (BD). Panax quinquefolius L. plants either remained undisturbed for 3 yr in vertical tiles where sand or loam soil was compacted to differing BD, or were transplanted into low BD soil after 1 yr. Transplanting aimed to demonstrate the influence of conditions encountered in the first year of growth on mature roo

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Wang, Junfa, Oluwasegun Olamide Fawibe, and Akihiro Isoda. "Varietal Differences in the Root Systems of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Drip Irrigation with Plastic Film Mulch." Agronomy 13, no. 12 (2023): 2872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13122872.

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With the escalating water scarcity in agriculture, a novel water-saving technique has emerged: drip irrigation with plastic film mulch (DI). Root function is crucial for sustaining rice production, and understanding its response to DI is essential. However, few studies have evaluated root systems in rice varietals and examined which kind of root system contributes to improving rice grain yield and water productivity in DI. If varietal differences of root reactions for water regimes were made clear, it might be more effective to find suitable varieties for DI and to improve grain yield in the D

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Wang, Hengtai, Wei Sun, Hucun Wang, and Petru A. Simionescu. "Automated Mulched Transplanting of Angelica Seedlings Using a Pneumatic Sowing Device." Agronomy 14, no. 12 (2024): 3076. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14123076.

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To address the challenges of labor-intensive, inefficient, and inconsistent manual hole sowing and transplanting of Angelica sinensis in rain-fed hilly regions of Northwest China, a pneumatic hole-sowing device was designed based on the principle of electromagnetically controlled, high-speed reciprocating cylinder motion. Considering the agronomic requirements for transplanting mulched Angelica sinensis, the device’s structure and operational parameters were optimized. The key mechanisms involved in hole sowing and seedling placement were analyzed. A pneumatic circuit system, controlled by a r

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David, B. Baker, T. Johnson Laura, B. Confesor Remegio, and P. Crumrine John. "Vertical Stratification of Soil Phosphorus as a Concern for Dissolved Phosphorus Runoff in the Lake Erie Basin." Journal of Environmental Quality 46, no. 6 (2017): 1287–95. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2016.09.0337.

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<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> During the re-eutrophication of Lake Erie, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) loading and concentrations to the lake have nearly doubled, while particulate phosphorus (PP) has remained relatively constant. One potential cause of increased DRP concentrations is P stratification, or the buildup of soil-test P (STP) in the upper soil layer (<5 cm). Stratification often accompanies no-till and mulch-till practices that reduce erosion and PP loading, practices that have been widely implemented throughout the Lake Erie Basin. To evaluate the extent of P stratification i

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Santos, Eduardo Silva dos, Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro, Elvira Maria Regis Pedrosa, and Ênio Farias de França e. Silva. "CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE REPOLHO SOB DIFERENTES ADUBAÇÕES NA PRESENÇA E AUSÊNCIA DE COBERTURA MORTA EM AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR." IRRIGA 21, no. 1 (2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15809/irriga.2016v21n1p74-89.

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CRESCIMENTO E PRODUÇÃO DE REPOLHO SOB DIFERENTES ADUBAÇÕES NA PRESENÇA E AUSÊNCIA DE COBERTURA MORTA EM AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR EDUARDO SILVA DOS SANTOS1; ABELARDO ANTÔNIO DE ASSUNÇÃO MONTENEGRO2; ELVIRA MARIA REGIS PEDROSA2, ÊNIO FARIAS DE FRANÇA E SILVA2 1Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros s/n, Dois Irmãos, CEP: 52171-900 – Recife, PE. silvaufrpe@yahoo.com.br2Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, Dois Irmão, CEPE: 52171-900 – Recife, PE. Abelardo.montenegro@yahoo

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Wallace, S., and R. Kadlec. "BTEX degradation in a cold-climate wetland system." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 9 (2005): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0311.

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A pilot-scale subsurface vertical-flow wetland system was constructed at the former BP Refinery in Casper, Wyoming in order to determine benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) degradation rates in a cold-climate application. The pilot system, consisting of 4 cells, each dosed at a nominal flow rate of 5.4 cubic metres per day, was operated between August and December 2002. The pilot tested the effects of wetland mulch and aeration on system performance. Areal rate constants (kA values) were calculated based on an assumed three tanks in series (3TIS). The presence of wetland sod and a

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Kampuss, Kaspars, and Daina Šarkovska. "Growth, Development and Yield of Golden Currant (Ribes Aureum Pursh.) Depending on Cultivation System." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 76, no. 4 (2022): 531–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0082.

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Abstract Although golden currant has been grown in Latvia for several decades, mainly as ornamental plant, there is little experience on the most suitable cultivation systems for berry production. Two cultivars of golden currant — ‘Laila’ and ‘Uzbekistanskaya Krupnoplodnaya’, were planted in 2017 in two cultivation systems — vertical trellis and shrub form and assessed in the first two seasons with harvest. In addition, plots with and without organic mulch were established in the shrub system. The aim of the study was to investigate the growth, development and yield of golden currant depending

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Yuniti, I. Gusti Diah Ayu, Jhon Hardy Purba, Nanang Sasmita, Liris Lis Komara, Tomycho Olviana, and I. Made Kartika. "Balinese Traditional Agroforestry as Base of Watershed Conservation." Journal of Applied Agricultural Science and Technology 6, no. 1 (2022): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/jaast.v6i1.54.

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Forests, traditional gardens and green spaces play an important role in regulating the water flow of an area. Along with the high demand for land in Bali for agriculture and tourism, many forest areas have been converted into hotels and settlements. Forest conversion has caused many problems such as erosion, soil fertility decreased, flora fauna extinction, floods, drought, global warming and the disturbing watershed, especially rivers for springs. The purpose of this study is the development of watershed conservation in Bali based on traditional agroforestry. The method that used is vegetatio

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Ranganathan, Jai, R. J. Ranjit Daniels, M. D. Subash Chandran, Paul R. Ehrlich, and Gretchen C. Daily. "Sustaining biodiversity in ancient tropical countryside: Fig. 1." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105, no. 46 (2008): 17852–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0808874105.

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With intensifying demands for food and biofuels, a critical threat to biodiversity is agricultural expansion into native tropical ecosystems. Tropical agriculture, particularly intensive agriculture, often supports few native organisms, and consequently has been largely overlooked in conservation planning; yet, recent work in the Neotropics demonstrates that tropical agriculture with certain features can support significant biodiversity, decades after conversion to farmland. It remains unknown whether this conservation value can be sustained for centuries to millennia. Here, we quantify the bi

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Zhang, Jiahao, Zhaoxuan Li, Yanxin Luo, Xinyi Wang, Dongyan Yang, and Xueyan Zhang. "Thickness of a Compost Layer on the Distribution of Water and Nutrients in a Surface-Drip-Irrigated Sandy Soil Column." Agronomy 13, no. 5 (2023): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051181.

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The management of crop production in a sandy soil “culture” is difficult, mainly due to its low soil-water-holding capacity, organic matter and poor fertilizer efficiency. Options to increase soil water and nutrient retention for these soils include the addition of surface mulch covers, amendment with biochar and the use of layers of a mixture of charcoal and compost material. Our objective was to measure the distribution of water and nutrients for layers of control 1 (CK1), control 2 (CK2) and compost material of different thicknesses (0.02, 0.05 and 0.10 m) buried 0.01 m from the surface in

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Roland, Gérard. "Introducing the Market in a Shortage Economy: The Vertical Integration Issue." Recherches économiques de Louvain 56, no. 2 (1990): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800031912.

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SummaryIt is well known that in the traditional Soviet-type economies, there is a spontaneous tendency of enterprise and ministries to integrate vertically, as a response to the supply uncertainty typical of a chronic shortage economy.The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the link between the vertical integration issue and economic reform. It is argued that, in an institutional context with fixed prices, when there is shortage of inputs, enterprises consuming these inputs will generally not be able to agree on a rationing scheme, in the absence of vertical integration. This decisional va

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Cozzi, Guido, and Luca Spinesi. "How much horizontal innovation is consistent with vertical innovation?" Research in Economics 60, no. 1 (2006): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rie.2005.12.001.

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