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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL)'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yuan, Dajun. "The Overview of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Technology." Applied and Computational Engineering 93, no. 1 (2024): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/93/2024bj0069.

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Vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) technology is garnering significant attention in the aviation industry due to its distinct benefits and wide range of potential applications. A long runway is not necessary when using VTOL technology, which allows aircraft to take off and land vertically straight from the ground. Air mobility in cities, military activities, and emergency response are just a few of the areas where this technology is beneficial. This essay will provide an overview of the development, application, and future of vertical takeoff and landing technology. The technologys operating

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Duan, Luyuhang, Yunhan He, Li Fan, Wei Qiu, Guangwei Wen, and Yun Xu. "Optimization-Based Control for a Large-Scale Electrical Vertical Take-Off and Landing during an Aircraft’s Vertical Take-Off and Landing Phase with Variable-Pitch Propellers." Drones 8, no. 4 (2024): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones8040121.

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The UAV industry has witnessed an unprecedented boom in recent years. Among various kinds of UAV platforms, the vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft with fixed-wing configurations has received more and more attention due to its flexibility and long-distance flying abilities. However, due to the fact that the advance ratio of regular propeller systems during the cruise phase is significantly higher than that during the VTOL phase, a variable-pitch propeller system is proposed and designed which can be applied without additional propulsion mechanisms during both flying stages. Thus, a V

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Qin, Derek Xiao. "Vertical takeoff and landing aircraft: Categories, applications, and technology." Theoretical and Natural Science 13, no. 1 (2023): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/13/20240810.

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A Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft is an aircraft with the ability to take off and land vertically. The ability of removing the need for a runway allows VTOL aircraft to be used for applications that standard aircraft cannot be used for. These applications include military, firefighting, and transportation applications. For the purposes of this paper, helicopters will be considered to be VTOL aircraft, as they fit the general criteria and are among the first to be widely used. VTOL aircraft can be split into several categories, including hybrid VTOL aircraft, VTOL Unmanned Aerial

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Peciak, Magdalena, Wojciech Skarka, Krzysztof Mateja, and Maik Gude. "Impact Analysis of Solar Cells on Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Fixed-Wing UAV." Aerospace 10, no. 3 (2023): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030247.

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A vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) is a type of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that allows for flight in harsh weather for surveillance and access to remote areas. VTOL can be performed without a runway. As such, VOTL UAVs are used in areas where there is limited space and in urban locations. The structural endurance of VTOL UAVs is limited and is further reduced in the case of fixed-wing UAVs. Long-endurance aerial vehicles allow for continuous flight, but their power supply systems must be able to harvest energy from external sources in order to meet the guidelines. The wings of these UAV

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Tang, Hongyan, Dan Zhang, and Zhongxue Gan. "Control System for Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicle’s Adaptive Landing Based on Multi-Sensor Data Fusion." Sensors 20, no. 16 (2020): 4411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20164411.

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Vertical take-off and landing unmanned aerial vehicles (VTOL UAV) are widely used in various fields because of their stable flight, easy operation, and low requirements for take-off and landing environments. To further expand the UAV’s take-off and landing environment to include a non-structural complex environment, this study developed a landing gear robot for VTOL vehicles. This article mainly introduces the adaptive landing control of the landing gear robot in an unstructured environment. Based on the depth camera (TOF camera), IMU, and optical flow sensor, the control system achieves multi

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IJRAME, Journal. "DESIGN & ANALYSIS OF VERTICAL TAKE-OFF AND LANDING AUTONOMOUS AIR AMBULANCE AIRCRAFT." International Journal of Research in Aeronautical and Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 7 (2024): 12–25. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12667631.

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As we know that fixed wing unmanned aerial vehicle required long runways for take-off and landing and also flight time then other. As it is difficult to have longer runway in city area, the need of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) arises. VTOL aircraft is the type of flight systems which have the ability to take off and land vertically, then transition to horizontal flight, and also allowing an aircraft to cover long distances at high speed and also have advantage to take-off and land in vertical manner without the need of runway. There are various applications of VTOL such as it can be us

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Mohd Shah, Hairol Nizam, Zalina Kamis, Azhar Ahmad, Mohd Rizuan Baharon, Muhd Akmal Noor Rajikon, and Kang Hui Hwa. "Vision Based Position Control for Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Using One Singular Landmark." Modern Applied Science 13, no. 9 (2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v13n9p33.

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This project presents a vision based position control for Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) to recognise a singular landmark for landing and take-off. Position control can provide safe flight and an accurate navigation. The circle landmark which used is an artificial landmark at known locations in an environment. Initially, a camera mounted on VTOL facing downward detecting landmarks in environments. A single circle used as landmark and VTOL will be control the position to reach the landmark. The images from the down-looking camera provided vision data to estimates position of VTOL from lan

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Bacchini, Alessandro, and Enrico Cestino. "Key aspects of electric vertical take-off and landing conceptual design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234, no. 3 (2019): 774–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410019884174.

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The recent advances in battery energy density and electric propulsion systems for automotive applications are enabling the development of the electric vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. The electric VTOL is a new means of transport that can fly like an aircraft and take off and land vertically like a helicopter, sometimes called personal aerial vehicle. This paper compares it to the existing vehicles that may compete with it and addresses the estimation of its performances in hover, cruise flight, and the transition phase. The main parameters affecting performances are then discuss

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Hayama, Kiyoteru, and Hiroki Irie. "Trial Production of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft Based on Tricopter." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 3 (2016): 314–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0314.

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[abstFig src='/00280003/06.jpg' width=""155"" text='Prototype of proposed aircraft' ] Trial production has begun on tricopter-based new-concept vertical take-off and landing aircraft (VTOL). The VTOL features three fixed-angle motors on a reversed-T shape body and a fixed wing with an elevon and a rudder. The proposed craft uses fewer components than quadcopter-based VTOL craft. Continuous transition from rotorcraft to fixed-wing craft is completed with the craft’s 90° tilt.

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Deng, Zhao, Zhiming Guo, Liaoni Wu, and Yancheng You. "Trajectory Planning for Emergency Landing of VTOL Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Mobile Information Systems 2021 (November 29, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6289822.

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In recent years, inspired by technological progress and the outstanding performance of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in several local wars, the UAV industry has witnessed explosive development, widely used in communication relay, logistics, surveying and mapping, patrol, surveillance, and other fields. Vertical Take-Off and Landing fixed-wing UAV has both the advantages of vertical take-off and landing of rotorcraft and the advantages of long endurance of fixed-wing UAV, which broadened its application field and is the most popular UAV at present. Recently, fixed-wing UAV failure analysis hi

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Lu, Zhidong, Haichao Hong, and Florian Holzapfel. "Multi-Phase Vertical Take-Off and Landing Trajectory Optimization with Feasible Initial Guesses." Aerospace 11, no. 1 (2023): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11010039.

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The advancement of electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft has expanded the horizon of urban air mobility. However, the challenge of generating precise vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) trajectories that comply with airworthiness requirements remains. This paper presents an approach for optimizing VTOL trajectories considering six degrees of freedom (6DOF) dynamics and operational constraints. Multi-phase optimal control problems are formulated to address specific constraints in various flight stages. The incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion (INDI) controller is employed

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Tamami, Niam, Bambang Sumantri, and Prima Kristalina. "Local positioning system for autonomous vertical take-off and landing using ultra-wide band measurement ranging system." Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 12, no. 1 (2021): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2021.v12.18-27.

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An autonomous vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) must be supported with an accurate positioning system, especially for autonomous take-off, landing, and other tasks in small area. This paper presents a novel method of small local outdoor positioning system for localizing the area of dropping and landing of autonomous VTOL by utilizing the low-cost precision ultra-wide band (UWB) ranging system. We compared symmetrical single sided-two way ranging (SSS-TWR), symmetrical double sided-two way ranging (SDS-TWR), and asymmetrical double sided-two way ranging (ADS-TWR) methods to get precision ran

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13

Wang, Hongbo, Guangjia Li, Jie Li, and Junjie Zhuang. "Aerodynamic Investigation for a Propeller-Induced Lift-Enhancing Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Configuration." Drones 9, no. 1 (2024): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9010020.

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Difficulty in thrust-matching between the cruise and vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) phases is one of the prominent issues faced by conventional VTOL fixed-wing drones. To address this issue, a propeller-induced lift-enhancing (PILE) biplane wing VTOL configuration is proposed with the goal of lift enhancement on the wing during the no-forward-speed VTOL phase. Numerical simulation methods are used to study and analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of this configuration in the cruise and VTOL phases. The results show that the favorable inducing effect of the propeller makes the PILE con

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14

Ridho hendra yoga perdana, Mochammad junus, and Junaedi adi prasetyo. "Vertical Take Off Landing (VTOL) Untuk Drop Kits Pada Quadcopter." Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 1, no. 01 (2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v1i01.27.

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A structure due to natural disasters often occurs in Indonesia, and this is caused by the location of Indonesia in the path of earthquakes and volcanoes. Logistics delivery in the form of medicines and food has been hampered, and this is acknowledged by the Indonesian government, which experienced many obstacles when it had to reach an isolated location due to land transportation lines being cut off. So it was designed an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone that can deliver survival kits to some places that are isolated due to natural disasters autonomously. Flight orders will be made throu

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15

Scott, Benjamyn I. "Vertiports: Ready for Take-off … And Landing." Journal of Air Law and Commerce 87, no. 3 (2022): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.25172/jalc.87.3.6.

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While aviation has been used in transportation for decades, the use of vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft for large-scale, low-cost, green, sustainable, and integrated mobility in populated areas is a new phenomenon. Despite the importance of ground infrastructure for embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, cargo, and mail, questions remain on how these “vertiports” are or should be regulated and how they will relate to existing regulated ground infrastructure such as aerodromes, airports, and heliports. Therefore, several questions arise: what is a vertiport; how do vertiports

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Laskowitz, I. B. "VERTICAL TAKE-OFF AND LANDING (VTOL) ROTORLESS AIRCRAFT WITH INHERENT STABILITY*." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 93, no. 1 (2006): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb30485.x.

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Kelner, Jan M., and Cezary Ziółkowski. "Doppler Effect-Based Automatic Landing Procedure for UAV in Difficult Access Environments." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8092718.

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Currently, almost unrestricted access to low-lying areas of airspace creates an opportunity to use unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially those capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL), in transport services. UAVs become increasingly popular for transporting postal items over small, medium, and large distances. It is forecasted that, in the near future, VTOL UAVs with a high take-off weight will also deliver goods to very distant and hard-to-reach locations. Therefore, UAV navigation plays a very important role in the process of carrying out transport services. At present, during t

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Sayuti, Syahril, Agus Maulidi, and Ahmad Khaerudin. "Pengembangan Prototipe Pesawat Udara Tanpa Awak Jenis Fixed Wing VTOL." Jurnal Rekayasa Energi dan Mekanika 2, no. 2 (2022): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/jrem.v2i2.128.

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ABSTRAK Pesawat udaramembutuhkan landasan pacu untuk dapat lepas landas maupun untuk mendarat, hal yang sama juga berlaku untuk Pesawat udara tanpa awak(Fixed Wings Drone). Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan membuat Pesawat Udara Tanpa Awak yang di persiapkan untuk dapat Lepas landas dan mendarat secara vertikal. Agar dapat Lepas landas dan mendarat secara vertikal tanpa butuh landasan pacu pada pesawat di tambahkan empat rotor vertikal yang berfungsi mengambil alih gerakan saat pesawat Lepas landas dan mendarat secara vertikal. Ide perancangan berasaldari inventarisasi prinsip kerja pesaw

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Ottaviani, Marco, Luca Giammichele, and Renato Ricci. "Design, Assembly and Testing of a Mobile Laboratory Based on a VTOL Scale Motorglider." Tecnica Italiana-Italian Journal of Engineering Science 65, no. 2-4 (2021): 414–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ti-ijes.652-440.

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The objective of this paper is to explain the design steps and performance analysis of a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned air vehicle (UAV) based on a Pilatus B4 glider scale model. Energy consumption, forces and thrust analyses are carry out to determinate the perfect match between low take-off weight and high aerodynamic performance. As a first approach a complete analysis of glider aerodynamic performances are settle to understand and design a proper support for VTOL conversion. Longitudinal static stability is fulfilled by evaluating the center of gravity location with respect

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Nugroho, Gesang, Galih Zuliardiansyah, and Azhar Aulia Rasyiddin. "Performance Analysis of Empennage Configurations on a Surveillance and Monitoring Mission of a VTOL-Plane UAV Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation." Aerospace 9, no. 4 (2022): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9040208.

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A Vertical Take-Off and Landing-Plane (VTOL-Plane) is an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that combines multirotor and fixed-wing configurations. It has a good cruise range compared to a VTOL vehicle. Furthermore, it can take-off and land vertically. This technology is ideal for surveillance/monitoring missions and transmitting data in real-time. This study discusses the design of a VTOL-Plane with a preset Design Requirement Objectives (DRO), namely a Maximum Take-Off Weight (MTOW) of 14 kg, a cruise speed of 23 m/s, and a cruising range of 6 h. To maximize the performance, the empennage configu

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Okulski, Michał, and Maciej Ławryńczuk. "A Small UAV Optimized for Efficient Long-Range and VTOL Missions: An Experimental Tandem-Wing Quadplane Drone." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (2022): 7059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147059.

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Most types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV, drone) missions requiring Vertical-Take-Off-and-Landing (VTOL) capability could benefit if a drone’s effective range could be extended. Example missions include Search-And-Rescue (SAR) operations, a remote inspection of distant objects, or parcel delivery. There are numerous research works on multi-rotor drones (e.g., quadcopters), fixed-wing drones, VTOL quadplanes, or tilt-motor/tilt-wing VTOLs. We propose a unique compact VTOL UAV optimized for long hover and long-range missions with great lifting capacity and manoeuvrability: a tandem-wing quadpl

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Sanchez-Rivera, Luz M., Rogelio Lozano, and Alfredo Arias-Montano. "Development, Modeling and Control of a Dual Tilt-Wing UAV in Vertical Flight." Drones 4, no. 4 (2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones4040071.

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Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (H-UAVs) are currently a very interesting field of research in the modern scientific community due to their ability to perform Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) and Conventional Take-Off and Landing (CTOL). This paper focuses on the Dual Tilt-wing UAV, a vehicle capable of performing both flight modes (VTOL and CTOL). The UAV complete dynamic model is obtained using the Newton–Euler formulation, which includes aerodynamic effects, as the drag and lift forces of the wings, which are a function of airstream generated by the rotors, the cruise speed, tilt-wing a

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Momin, Irfan Ali Nasir Husain *1 Shah mohd. Rafique rahmatullah *2 Naumanulhaq Barkatullah Shaikh *3 Khatib Mohd. Azimuddin Najimuddin *4 Ansari Mohammad Naasir Shamsudduha *5 Ansari Mohammad Parvez Abdul Qayyum*6 Momin Mohammad Rayyan Mohammad Shakeel*7 Ansari Peer Mohammed Munna *8 Prof. Mohd. Musharraf Aamir. "ANALYSIS OF FLYING BIKE." International Journal OF Engineering Sciences & Management Research 3, no. 6 (2016): 8–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.55187.

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Flying Bike vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) type machine which also follows Newton’s third law. It is thought of as a conventional type of aircraft with special features added to enable it to rise vertically during take-off and to land from a vertical descent.  It flies with two propellers located at front and back side. These propellers are having hovering abilities. The vehicle is controlled by tilting the propellers by using lever mechanism. Rotation is carried out by difference in speed of propellers.           

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Chechin, D. G., A. Yu Artamonov, N. YE Bodunkov, et al. "Unmanned aerial vehicle “Tsimlyanin” for studying turbulent structure of atmospheric boundary layer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1040, no. 1 (2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1040/1/012020.

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Abstract A fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle “Tsimlyanin” having a hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) scheme with a compact meteorological payload is designed for an application to the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) studies. The main purpose of such an observational platform is to supplement traditional mast observations by sampling horizontal and vertical inhomogeneities of mean variables and turbulent statistics. Such observations are needed to advance turbulence theory especially for the ABL over inhomogeneous landscapes and also in non-stationary conditions. The VTOL scheme is

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Kaspul Anuar, Warman Fatra, Musthafa Akbar, et al. "Design and Aerodynamic Analysis of Fixed-Wing Vertical Take-Off Landing (FW-VTOL) UAV." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 106, no. 1 (2023): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.106.1.136146.

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This study aims to produce a Fixed Wing-Vertical Takeoff Landing (FW-VTOL) design that has good aerodynamic characteristics on its wing and fuselage. The design process begins with determining the Design Requirement and Objective (DRO). According to DRO, the aircraft is designed to be able to operate at speeds of 14 m/s and an altitude of 120 m (cruise phase) above ground level. The Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW) of the planned is estimated using previous research data. Based on calculations, for it to have a flight time of 30 minutes, the MTOW of the FW-VTOL is 5.2 kg. The fuselage and wing of

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Öznalbant, Zafer, and Mehmet Ş. Kavsaoğlu. "Flight control and flight experiments of a tilt-propeller VTOL UAV." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 8 (2018): 2454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218754618.

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The purpose of this work is to present a study on the stability and control of an unmanned, fixed wing, vertical take-off and landing aerial vehicle. This airplane is driven by a fixed-pitch tilt-propeller system with the capability of vertical take-off and landing as well as conventional flight. The novelty of the vehicle is the use of a fixed-pitch propeller system instead of variable-pitch tilt-rotors. There are three flight modes: vertical, transitional and conventional flight modes. Each flight mode has different dynamic characteristics. Therefore, these modes each need dedicated flight c

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Nugroho, Gesang, Yoshua Dwiyanson Hutagaol, and Galih Zuliardiansyah. "Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of VTOL Arm Configurations of a VTOL Plane UAV Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation." Drones 6, no. 12 (2022): 392. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120392.

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A vertical take-off and landing plane (VTOL plane) is a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (FWUAV) configuration with the ability to take off and land vertically. It combines the benefits of fixed-wing and multirotor configurations, which gives it a high cruising range and independence from a runway. This configuration requires arms as mountings for the VTOL’s motors. This study discusses the design of a VTOL Plane with various VTOL arm configurations, and a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation was conducted to find out which configuration performs the best aerodynamically. The VTOL a

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Wong, Seng Man, Hann Woei Ho, and Mohd Zulkifly Abdullah. "Design and Fabrication of a Dual Rotor-Embedded Wing Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Unmanned Systems 09, no. 01 (2020): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385021500096.

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The interest in building hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is increasing intensively due to its capability to perform Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL), in addition to forward flight. With this capability, the hybrid UAVs are highly on demand in various industries. In this paper, a fixed-wing VTOL UAV with a novel configuration of a dual rotor-embedded wing was designed and developed. The methodology used in the design process adopted the traditional sizing and aerodynamic estimation method with advanced computational simulations and estimation approaches. The design was determined bas

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Curtis, P. "The VTOL dream – Will it always remain out of reach?" Aeronautical Journal 123, no. 1267 (2019): 1339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2019.34.

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ABSTRACTIn this paper, we examine some of the physics behind Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) flying machines, and some of the emerging technologies that are driving the recent upsurge of new VTOL projects. The paper attempts to put these into context by examining some of the projects that have been publicised over the past couple of years, particularly those that transition from hovering into wing-borne flight. Although much progress has been made, there still needs to be significant breakthroughs in technologies, particularly battery technology, before the dream of fast, quiet and enviro

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Santoso, Djarot Wahju, and Kris Hariyanto. "COMPARISON OF SANDWICH COMPOSITE WING STRUCTURE WITH BALSA WOOD (CASE STUDY OF UAV AIRCRAFT FIXED WING VTOL VX-2)." Vortex 3, no. 2 (2022): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.28989/vortex.v3i2.1236.

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UAV aircraft with a fixed wing configuration with multi-rotor are aircraft capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). In designing the wing structure of aircraft, the weight factor and the strength of the wing structure are factors that need to be considered. The use of sandwich composite materials on UAV wings is expected to be able to meet the requirements of UAV aircraft, namely having a light weight, having high rigidity and strength. In this study, a comparative analysis the strength of the sandwich composite wing structure with the balsa wood wing of the UAV VTOL VX-2 aircraft was

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Zou, Liying, Huiguang Li, Wei Zhao, and Lei Zhu. "Imaged-Based Visual Servo Control for a VTOL Aircraft." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4806769.

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This paper presents a novel control strategy to force a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft to accomplish the pinpoint landing task. The control development is based on the image-based visual servoing method and the back-stepping technique; its design differs from the existing methods because the controller maps the image errors onto the actuator space via a visual model which does not contain the depth information of the feature point. The novelty of the proposed method is to extend the image-based visual servoing technique to the VTOL aircraft control. In addition, the Lyapunov the

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Chodnicki, Marcin, Katarzyna Bartnik, Miroslaw Nowakowski, and Grzegorz Kowaleczko. "Design and analysis of a feedback loop to regulate the basic parameters of the unmanned aircraft." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 92, no. 3 (2018): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0039.

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Purpose The motivation to perform research on feedback control system for unmanned aerial vehicles, a fact that each quadrocopter is unstable. Design/methodology/approach For this reason, it is necessary to design a control system which is capable of making unmanned aerial vehicle vertical take-off and landing (UAV VTOL) stable and controllable. For this purpose, it was decided to use a feedback control system with cascaded PID controller. The main reason for using it was that PID controllers are simple to implement and do not use much hardware resources. Moreover, cascaded control systems all

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Sadik Aboud, Wajdi, Hayder S. Abd Al-Amir, Aseel A. Alhamdany, and Fahad M. Kadhim. "Overcome uncertainties of vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on optimal sliding mode control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29, no. 2 (2023): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp703-714.

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<span>This study aims to design a robust and optimal controller to overcome the problems related to the existence of disturbances and uncertainties during takeoff and landing operations of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. The dynamics are decomposed into two phase’s parts which are the minimum phase and the non-minimum phase. These two-part are controlled by proposing a robust nonlinear controller represented by sliding mode control (SMC). Also, the chattering effect due to the fast-switching surface in SMC is eliminated by utilizing a proposed sigmoid function which acts a

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Wajdi, Sadik Aboud, S. Abd Al-Amir Hayder, A. Alhamdany Aseel, and M. Kadhim Fahad. "Overcome uncertainties of vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on optimal sliding mode control." Overcome uncertainties of vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on optimal sliding mode control 29, no. 2 (2023): 703–14. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp703-714.

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This study aims to design a robust and optimal controller to overcome the problems related to the existence of disturbances and uncertainties during takeoff and landing operations of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft. The dynamics are decomposed into two phase’s parts which are the minimum phase and the non-minimum phase. These two-part are controlled by proposing a robust nonlinear controller represented by sliding mode control (SMC). Also, the chattering effect due to the fast-switching surface in SMC is eliminated by utilizing a proposed sigmoid function which acts as the

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Anuar, Kaspul, and Naoyuki Takesue. "Development of Fixed-Wing VTOL UAVs with the Four-Retractable Rotor Propulsion." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 37, no. 2 (2025): 510–22. https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2025.p0510.

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The operational ease of fixed-wing vertical take-off landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAVs) derives from their capability to take off and land vertically. This particular capability is achieved through the utilization of an additional rotor propulsion system that operates during take-off and landing. However, the rotor propulsion system, located externally to the airframe, contributes to increasing drag force, especially during the cruise phase, reducing the efficiency and flight time. To overcome the issues, this study proposes a design for a fixed-wing VTOL UAV with the four-retractab

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Mohamed Ali, Jaffar Syed, Hamdi Kamaruddin, and Abdul Aabid. "Study on the Propeller Characteristics of a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 129, no. 1 (2024): 12–23. https://doi.org/10.37934/aram.129.1.1223.

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The VTOL (Vertical Takeoff and Landing) aircraft are attractive because they combine the advantages of a helicopter and an airplane. It can hover, take off and land without a take-off strip like a helicopter and simultaneously fly forward at high speed as an aircraft. A notable example of such an aircraft is the Bell Boeing V22 Osprey, which utilizes tilt rotors to alter the aircraft's flight mode by rotating the rotors forward or upward. The Osprey's rotors can be likened to propellers/rotors, serving to generate thrust/lift. Thus, this work aims to explore the aerodynamic characteristics, ex

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Tripathi, Ashish, and Shiv Manjaree Gopaliya. "Novel design of VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for transportation of medical supplies." MATEC Web of Conferences 393 (2024): 04005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439304005.

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Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) based Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) allow quick, safe, and effective transit of resources from one place to another. Its primary objective is to complete its mission in a short time, thus, making it more useful during emergency cases such as road accidents. A novel design for VTOP UAVs has been proposed in this paper. A mobile application has been created to send and receive commands. The cost estimation and analysis have been carried out for the development and deployment of this device in a real-life scenario. VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles are a novel de

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Birinci, Fahri, Mehmet Fatih Yilmaz, Emre Alpaslan, Erdem Emin Maraş, and Metin Mutlu Aydin. "Above-building parking area and urban plan arrangement proposal for civil aircraft: the case of Türkiye." Aviation 29, no. 2 (2025): 118–28. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2025.23652.

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This study examines the feasibility of integrating vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) civil aircraft into urban environments in Türkiye, with a focus on adapting existing building structures and urban planning regulations. The research investigates the structural, legislative, and urban design modifications needed to support the safe operation of personal and family-use VTOL vehicles. Case studies from Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Diyarbakır, and Samsun highlight the challenges and opportunities posed by both old, unplanned urban areas and newer, systematically developed regions. The findings re

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Janusz, Wojciech, Roman Czyba, Grzegorz Szafrański, and Michał Niezabitowski. "Extended Modeling of Vertical Axis Motion Dynamics of VTOL Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 789-790 (September 2015): 883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.789-790.883.

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Development of a reliable high-performance multirotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) requires an accurate and practical model of the vehicle dynamics. This paper describes the process and results of the dynamic modeling of an unmanned aerial platform known as quadrotor. To model a vehicle dynamics, elementary physical and aerodynamical principles has been employed. Parameter estimations, from a UAV design have been obtained through direct and indirect measurements. In addition to standard configuration of VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) platform, the amortized landing gear, modeled as spri

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Abd Rahman, Yasir Ashraf, Mohammad Taghi Hajibeigy, Abdulkareem Shafiq Mahdi Al-Obaidi, and Kean How Cheah. "Design and Fabrication of Small Vertical-Take-Off-Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." MATEC Web of Conferences 152 (2018): 02023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815202023.

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Modern UAVs available in the market have well-developed to cater to the countless field of application. UAVs have their own limitations in terms of flight range and manoeuvrability. The traditional fixed-wing UAVs can fly for long distance but require runways or wide-open spaces for take-off and landing. On the other hand, the more trending multirotor UAVs are extremely manoeuvrable but cannot be used for long-distance flights because of their slower speeds and relatively higher consumption of energy. This study proposed the implementation of hybrid VTOL UAV which has the manoeuvring advantage

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Czyba, Roman, Marcin Lemanowicz, Zbigniew Gorol, and Tomasz Kudala. "Construction Prototyping, Flight Dynamics Modeling, and Aerodynamic Analysis of Hybrid VTOL Unmanned Aircraft." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2018 (October 1, 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7040531.

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A challenging issue associated with fixed-wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is that these vehicles are often not appropriate for operating effectively in limited airspace. This problem emerges especially in urban environment where the usage of a runway is not possible, and UAVs usually have to fly at a relatively low speed and altitude. The development of a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) fixed-wing plane is a promising trend which hopefully will solve this issue. This paper presents the design process of an unmanned vertical take-off and landing aircraft including prototyping of the a

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Shen, Xinmin, and Xiaoqing Zhu. "A Y-Shaped Tilting Wing UAV for Vertical Take-off and Landing Cargo." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2640, no. 1 (2023): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2640/1/012005.

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Abstract To address the growing demand for express cargo transportation within and between cities, this study presents a conceptual design of a Y-shaped tilting wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) capable of vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). The design aims to overcome the limitations of existing UAV designs and combine the advantages of multi-rotor and fixed-wing aircraft. By incorporating fixed-wing features, the UAV offers an extended battery life and range, making it an ideal choice for urban express cargo transportation. Firstly, a master geometry model of the UAV is established. Subse

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An, Nan, Jipeng Liu, and Ziqi Zhou. "Design of a landing gear system for UAV in complex ground environments." Applied and Computational Engineering 9, no. 1 (2023): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/9/20230063.

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The current UAV technology is developing rapidly and there are various UAV concepts such as hybrid vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) UAV in addition to traditional UAV. The main solution direction of these UAV concepts lies in the compatibility of vertical take-off and landing and long endurance and high load. However, in some complex environments, such as post-earthquake debris, or uneven mountainous terrain, UAV take-off and landing still has great difficulties. Therefore, this paper designs a landing gear that can adapt to complex ground conditions and its corresponding landing algorithm

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Şahin, Recep Behlül, and Muharrem Mercimek. "Fiducial Markers Aided Position Estimation for Vertical Landing." European Journal of Research and Development 3, no. 2 (2023): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.56038/ejrnd.v3i2.264.

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Autonomous landing is a critical step in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and requires accurate position information. In cases where GPS signals are unavailable or obstructed, vision-based approaches can provide support for landing capabilities. In this study, a vision-based position estimation algorithm is being developed in conjunction with markers used in vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) systems of UAVs. The developed framework is designed to be compatible with various types of visual markers. The Kalman Filter is used to the calculated position to correct measurement errors and reduce t

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Zou, Jie-Tong, and Pan Zheng-Yan. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF TILT-ROTOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 40, no. 5 (2016): 909–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2016-0075.

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In this research, we had developed quad-rotor unmanned aerial vehicles with the tilt-rotor mechanism. People are eager to fly therefore the development of aerial vehicles, such as fixed-wing aerial vehicles and multi-rotor aerial vehicles, has grown rapidly in recent years. The multi-rotor vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) unmanned aerial vehicle which can fly stably and hover in a fix position developed the fastest. Comparing the general fixed-wing aircrafts and rotorcrafts, fixed-wing aircrafts can fly with a higher speed than rotorcrafts, but they do not have the VTOL and hovering abilit

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Okoduwa, Johnson Imumbhon, Osezua Obehi Ibhadode, and Yiding Cao. "Optimized Structural Design of a Reciprocating Wing for the Reciprocating Airfoil (RA)-Driven Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft." Actuators 14, no. 3 (2025): 104. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14030104.

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The development of unconventional and hybrid unoccupied aerial vehicles (UAVs) has gained significant momentum in recent years, with many designs utilizing small fans or rotary blades for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL). However, these systems often inherit the limitations of traditional helicopter rotors, including susceptibility to aerodynamic inefficiencies and mechanical issues. Additionally, achieving a seamless transition from VTOL to fixed-wing flight mode remains a significant challenge for hybrid UAVs. A novel approach is the reciprocating airfoil (RA) or reciprocating wing (RW)

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Irmawan, Erwhin, Agus Harjoko, and Andi Dharmawan. "Model, Control, and Realistic Visual 3D Simulation of VTOL Fixed-Wing Transition Flight Considering Ground Effect." Drones 7, no. 5 (2023): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7050330.

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The research topic of VTOL (vertical take-off and landing) fixed wing (VFW) is gaining significant attention, particularly in the transition phase from VTOL to fixed wing and vice versa. One of the latest and most challenging transition strategies is the bird take-off mode, where vertical and horizontal take-off is carried out simultaneously, mimicking the behavior of birds. The condition that is rarely considered when taking off is the ground effect. Under natural conditions, a ground effect is bound to occur, which can significantly impact the stability of the transition when the VFW is clos

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Du, Liang. "Trajectory tracking sliding mode control for vertical take-off and landing aircraft based on double loop and global Lipschitz stability." PLOS ONE 20, no. 2 (2025): e0318294. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0318294.

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Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft excel in their ability to maneuver in limited spaces, making them ideal for a variety of uses including urban air mobility, emergency response, and disaster surveillance. Their agility and quick deployment features are especially valuable for executing complex missions in challenging environments. This paper addresses this issue by proposing a dual-loop sliding mode control (SMC) strategy optimized for VTOL models. However, tracking errors in the inner loop can impact the performance of the outer loop, complicating the assessment of the inner loop’

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Ge, Lei, and Shun Chen. "Data-Driven Learning-Based Fault Tolerant Stability Analysis." Complexity 2020 (April 9, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1891273.

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In this paper, a new data-driven learning method is investigated based on the dynamical data of the system. A regularized regression wavelet (RRW) approach is proposed to optimize the learning result for the system fault. Based on the optimizing results, a fault tolerant stability scheme is given. Then, the efficiency of the proposed technique is verified by a vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft stability example.

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Pan, Jie, Hongmei Sun, B. S. Walsh, K. D. Do, P. ONeill, and J. Ranasinghe. "Reduction of blade passing noise of a vertical take‐off and landing (VTOL) aircraft." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127, no. 3 (2010): 1836. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3384288.

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