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Journal articles on the topic 'Vertical velocities'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 7 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Vélez-Belchí, Pedro, and Joaquín Tintoré. "Vertical velocities at an ocean front." Scientia Marina 65, S1 (2001): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2001.65s1291.

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2

Rao, P. V., P. Vinay Kumar, M. C. Ajay Kumar, and G. Dutta. "Long-term mean vertical velocity measured by MST radar at Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E)." Annales Geophysicae 27, no. 2 (2009): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-27-451-2009.

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Abstract. MST radars are capable of measuring vertical motion along a vertically directed beam. We present 8 years (1995–2003) averaged profile of vertical velocity in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere over Gadanki (13.5° N, 79.2° E), a tropical station. A downward mid-tropospheric w is observed with a reversal of sign around 10 km and a further reversal can also be seen at ~17 km. A significant diurnal and semidiurnal variation in vertical wind is observed for all heights with subsidence during the evening hours. Seasonal variability of vertical wind is also found to be quite appreci

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3

Merckelbach, Lucas, David Smeed, and Gwyn Griffiths. "Vertical Water Velocities from Underwater Gliders." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 3 (2010): 547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecho710.1.

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Abstract The underwater glider is set to become an important platform for oceanographers to gather data within oceans. Gliders are usually equipped with a conductivity–temperature–depth (CTD) sensor, but a wide range of other sensors have been fitted to gliders. In the present work, the authors aim at measuring the vertical water velocity. The vertical water velocity is obtained by subtracting the vertical glider velocity relative to the water from the vertical glider velocity relative to the water surface. The latter is obtained from the pressure sensor. For the former, a quasi-static model o

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4

Frajka-Williams, Eleanor, Charles C. Eriksen, Peter B. Rhines, and Ramsey R. Harcourt. "Determining Vertical Water Velocities from Seaglider." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 28, no. 12 (2011): 1641–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jtecho830.1.

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Abstract Vertical velocities in the world’s oceans are typically small, less than 1 cm s−1, posing a significant challenge for observational techniques. Seaglider, an autonomous profiling instrument, can be used to estimate vertical water velocity in the ocean. Using a Seaglider’s flight model and pressure observations, vertical water velocities are estimated along glider trajectories in the Labrador Sea before, during, and after deep convection. Results indicate that vertical velocities in the stratified ocean agree with the theoretical Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) scaling of w; and in the

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5

Donner, Leo J., Travis A. O'Brien, Daniel Rieger, Bernhard Vogel, and William F. Cooke. "Are atmospheric updrafts a key to unlocking climate forcing and sensitivity?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 20 (2016): 12983–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-12983-2016.

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Abstract. Both climate forcing and climate sensitivity persist as stubborn uncertainties limiting the extent to which climate models can provide actionable scientific scenarios for climate change. A key, explicit control on cloud–aerosol interactions, the largest uncertainty in climate forcing, is the vertical velocity of cloud-scale updrafts. Model-based studies of climate sensitivity indicate that convective entrainment, which is closely related to updraft speeds, is an important control on climate sensitivity. Updraft vertical velocities also drive many physical processes essential to numer

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6

Gudadze, Nikoloz, Gunter Stober, and Jorge L. Chau. "Can VHF radars at polar latitudes measure mean vertical winds in the presence of PMSE?" Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 7 (2019): 4485–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4485-2019.

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Abstract. Mean vertical velocity measurements obtained from radars at polar latitudes using polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSEs) as an inert tracer have been considered to be non-representative of the mean vertical winds over the last couple of decades. We used PMSEs observed with the Middle Atmosphere Alomar Radar System (MAARSY) over Andøya, Norway (69.30∘ N, 16.04∘ E), during summers of 2016 and 2017 to derive mean vertical winds in the upper mesosphere. The 3-D vector wind components (zonal, meridional and vertical) are based on a Doppler beam swinging experiment using five beam directio

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7

Yi, Zhang, and Oddbj�rn Engvold. "Vertical velocities and oscillations in quiescent filaments." Solar Physics 134, no. 2 (1991): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00152648.

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8

Sévellec, F., A. C. Naveira Garabato, J. A. Brearley, and K. L. Sheen. "Vertical Flow in the Southern Ocean Estimated from Individual Moorings." Journal of Physical Oceanography 45, no. 9 (2015): 2209–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0065.1.

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AbstractThis study demonstrates that oceanic vertical velocities can be estimated from individual mooring measurements, even for nonstationary flow. This result is obtained under three assumptions: (i) weak diffusion (Péclet number ≫ 1), (ii) weak friction (Reynolds number ≫ 1), and (iii) small inertial terms (Rossby number ≪ 1). The theoretical framework is applied to a set of four moorings located in the Southern Ocean. For this site, the diagnosed vertical velocities are highly variable in time, their standard deviation being one to two orders of magnitude greater than their mean. The time-

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9

Hoppe, C. M., F. Ploeger, P. Konopka, and R. Müller. "Kinematic and diabatic vertical velocity climatologies from a chemistry climate model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 21 (2015): 29939–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-29939-2015.

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Abstract. The representation of vertical velocity in chemistry climate models is a key element for the representation of the large scale Brewer–Dobson-Circulation in the stratosphere. Here, we diagnose and compare the kinematic and diabatic vertical velocities in the ECHAM/Messy Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. The calculation of kinematic vertical velocity is based on the continuity equation, whereas diabatic vertical velocity is computed using diabatic heating rates. Annual and monthly zonal mean climatologies of vertical velocity from a 10 year simulation are provided for both, kinematic

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10

Hoppe, Charlotte Marinke, Felix Ploeger, Paul Konopka, and Rolf Müller. "Kinematic and diabatic vertical velocity climatologies from a chemistry climate model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 10 (2016): 6223–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6223-2016.

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Abstract. The representation of vertical velocity in chemistry climate models is a key element for the representation of the large-scale Brewer–Dobson circulation in the stratosphere. Here, we diagnose and compare the kinematic and diabatic vertical velocities in the ECHAM/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model. The calculation of kinematic vertical velocity is based on the continuity equation, whereas diabatic vertical velocity is computed using diabatic heating rates. Annual and monthly zonal mean climatologies of vertical velocity from a 10-year simulation

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11

Patara, L., N. Pinardi, C. Corselli, et al. "Particle fluxes in the deep Eastern Mediterranean basins: the role of ocean vertical velocities." Biogeosciences Discussions 5, no. 4 (2008): 3123–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-5-3123-2008.

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Abstract. This paper analyzes the relationship between deep sedimentary fluxes and ocean current vertical velocities in an offshore area of the Ionian Sea, the deepest basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sediment trap data are collected at 500 m and 2800 m depth in two successive moorings covering the period September 1999–May 2001. A tight coupling is observed between the upper and deep traps and the estimated particle sinking rates are higher than 200 m day−1. The current vertical velocity field is computed from a high resolution Ocean General Circulation Model simulation and from the wi

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12

Reeh, Niels, Johan Jacob Mohr, Søren Nørvang Madsen, Hans Oerter, and Niels S. Gundestrup. "Three-dimensional surface velocities of Storstrømmen glacier, Greenland, derived from radar interferometry and ice-sounding radar measurements." Journal of Glaciology 49, no. 165 (2003): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756503781830818.

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AbstractNon-steady-state vertical velocities of up to 5 m a−1 exceed the vertical surface-parallel flow (SPF) components over much of the ablation area of Storstrømmen, a large outlet glacier from the East Greenland ice sheet. Neglecting a contribution to the vertical velocity of this magnitude results in substantial errors (up to 20%) also on the south–north component of horizontal velocities derived by satellite synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) measurements. In many glacier environments, the steady-state vertical velocity component required to balance the annual ablation rate

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13

Medvedev, Andrey V., Konstantin G. Ratovsky, Maxim V. Tolstikov, Roman V. Vasilyev, and Maxim F. Artamonov. "Method for Determining Neutral Wind Velocity Vectors Using Measurements of Internal Gravity Wave Group and Phase Velocities." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (2019): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090546.

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This study presents a new method for determining a neutral wind velocity vector. The basis of the method is measurement of the group velocities of internal gravity waves. Using the case of the Boussinesq dispersion relation, we demonstrated the ability to measure a neutral wind velocity vector using the group velocity and wave vector data. An algorithm for obtaining the group velocity vector from the wave vector spectrum is proposed. The new method was tested by comparing the obtained winter wind pattern with wind data from other sources. Testing the new method showed that it is in quantitativ

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14

Dutta, Troyee Tanu, Masahide Otsubo, Reiko Kuwano, and Takeshi Sato. "Development of vertical and horizontal disk transducers for wave velocity measurements in a large rectangular specimen." E3S Web of Conferences 92 (2019): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199202001.

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For the accurate design of structures subjected to both static and dynamic loadings, elastic wave velocity and small strain stiffness are essential parameters. Numerous techniques have been developed to estimate wave velocities of geomaterials. Bender elements which are widely adopted for wave velocity measurements are invasive in nature and are not suitable for coarse-grained materials. In the present study, new design configuration of disk transducer has been introduced to measure both vertical and horizontal wave velocities for coarse granular soils considering multidirectional oscillation

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15

Rudenko, S., N. Schön, M. Uhlemann, and G. Gendt. "Reprocessed height time series for GPS stations." Solid Earth 4, no. 1 (2013): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-4-23-2013.

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Abstract. Precise weekly positions of 403 Global Positioning System (GPS) stations located worldwide are obtained by reprocessing GPS data of these stations for the time span from 4 January 1998 until 29 December 2007. The processing algorithms and models used as well as the solution and results obtained are presented. Vertical velocities of 266 GPS stations having a tracking history longer than 2.5 yr are computed; 107 of them are GPS stations located at tide gauges (TIGA observing stations). The vertical velocities calculated in this study are compared with the estimates from the co-located

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16

Patara, L., N. Pinardi, C. Corselli, et al. "Particle fluxes in the deep Eastern Mediterranean basins: the role of ocean vertical velocities." Biogeosciences 6, no. 3 (2009): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-333-2009.

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Abstract. This paper analyzes the relationship between deep sedimentary fluxes and ocean current vertical velocities in an offshore area of the Ionian Sea, the deepest basin of the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. Sediment trap data are collected at 500 m and 2800 m depth in two successive moorings covering the period September 1999–May 2001. A tight coupling is observed between the upper and deep traps and the estimated particle sinking rates are more than 200 m day−1. The current vertical velocity field is computed from a 1/16°×1/16° Ocean General Circulation Model simulation and from the wind str

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17

Sankin, Vladimir Ilich, and Alla A. Lepneva. "Electron Saturated Vertical Velocities in Silicon Carbide Polytypes." Materials Science Forum 338-342 (May 2000): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.338-342.769.

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18

Bishop, R. L., G. D. Earle, S. A. Gonzalez, M. P. Sulzer, and S. C. Collins. "Inferred vertical ion velocities associated with intermediate layers." Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 64, no. 12-14 (2002): 1471–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(02)00111-6.

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19

Hughes, Steven A. "Estimating Wave‐Induced Bottom Velocities at Vertical Wall." Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering 118, no. 2 (1992): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-950x(1992)118:2(175).

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20

Barceló-Llull, B., E. Mason, and A. Pascual. "Impact of vertical and horizontal advection on nutrient distribution in the South East Pacific." Ocean Science Discussions 12, no. 5 (2015): 2257–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-12-2257-2015.

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Abstract. An innovative approach is used to analyse the impact of vertical velocities associated with quasi-geostrophic (QG) dynamics on the distribution of a passive nutrient tracer (nitrate) in the South East Pacific. Twelve years of vertical and horizontal currents are derived from an observation-based estimate of the ocean state. Horizontal velocities are obtained through application of thermal wind balance to weekly temperature and salinity fields. Vertical velocities are estimated by integration of the QG Omega equation. Seasonal variability of the synthetic vertical velocity and kinetic

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21

Steinfeldt, R., J. Sültenfuß, M. Dengler, T. Fischer, and M. Rhein. "Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium." Biogeosciences 12, no. 24 (2015): 7519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7519-2015.

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Abstract. Upwelling is an important process, bringing gases and nutrients into the ocean mixed layer. The upwelling velocities, however, are too small to be measured directly. Here we use the surface disequilibrium of the 3He / 4He ratio measured in two coastal upwelling regions off Peru in the Pacific ocean and off Mauritania in the Atlantic ocean to calculate the regional distribution of vertical velocities. To also account for the fluxes by diapycnal mixing, microstructure-based observations of the vertical diffusivity have been performed on all four cruises analysed in this study. The upwe

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22

ADIWIBOWO, PRIYO HERU. "KARAKTERISITIK FLOW PATERN PADA ALIRAN DUA FASE GAS-CAIRAN MELEWATI PIPA VERTIKAL." Jurnal Teknik Industri 11, no. 2 (2012): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/jtiumm.vol11.no2.117-122.

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Multi-phase flows are widely encountered in several engineering and industrial facilities, such as conventional steam power plants, evaporators and condensers, pressurized-water nuclear reactors, a wide variety of petroleum industries, chemicals and food processing industries. Surely, in the complex pipeline installation of these systems, vertical pipe will be commonly used for pipe connection. The purpose of this work is to investigate the flow pattern of gas-liquid two phase in the vertical pipe. Experiments will be performed in a 36 mm ID acrylic pipe vertical. Superifical liquid velocities

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23

Bailey, Nathan R., and Mark W. Scerbo. "The Horizontal-Vertical Velocity Illusion: Implications for the Design of Dynamic Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 46, no. 17 (2002): 1556–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120204601706.

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It has long been known that physically equivalent vertical and horizontal stimuli are often perceived as different. The present study examines this phenomenon in the context of motion perception. Participants were asked to judge the speed of stimuli moving in vertical and horizontal directions using the method of constant stimuli. The findings are consistent with previous research in that vertically moving stimuli appear to move relatively faster than horizontal stimuli traveling at the same speed. Further, the axis of focus, i.e., horizontal or vertical, used as the standard for comparison of

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24

Budea, Sanda, Ștefan-Mugur Simionescu, and Valentin Copăceanu. "Numerical and experimental investigations on a hybrid vertical axis wind turbine." E3S Web of Conferences 608 (2025): 01002. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202560801002.

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Wind energy represents one of the main sources of renewable energies. Innovation in wind turbine technology tends to focus on increasing energy production, especially at low wind velocities. Vertical axis wind turbines could have a greater expansion because they have many advantages, such as the capacity to start at low wind velocities and no need for orientation to the wind direction. The present paper analyses numerically and experimentally, a Savonius-Darrieus hybrid wind system on a common vertical shaft. CFD modeling and simulation show a slight instability at low velocities, up to enteri

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25

van der Veen, C. J., and I. M. Whillans. "Force Budget: Numerical Methods and Application to Two-Dimensional Flow Along the Byrd Station Strain Network, West Antarctica (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 11 (1988): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500006716.

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Using the partitioning of full stresses into resistive and lithostatic parts, force balance for plane flow is expressed in terms of strain-rates and a vertical coordinate scaled to the ice thickness. The balance equation and constitutive relation can then be used to calculate stresses through a vertical section of a glacier. Because the flow law is highly non-linear, these calculations are done numerically. Starting at the surface, the force-balance equation is solved by using measured surface velocities to calculate vertical shearing, and this yields velocities at a depth just below the surfa

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26

van der Veen, C. J., and I. M. Whillans. "Force Budget: Numerical Methods and Application to Two-Dimensional Flow Along the Byrd Station Strain Network, West Antarctica (Abstract)." Annals of Glaciology 11 (1988): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500006716.

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Using the partitioning of full stresses into resistive and lithostatic parts, force balance for plane flow is expressed in terms of strain-rates and a vertical coordinate scaled to the ice thickness. The balance equation and constitutive relation can then be used to calculate stresses through a vertical section of a glacier. Because the flow law is highly non-linear, these calculations are done numerically. Starting at the surface, the force-balance equation is solved by using measured surface velocities to calculate vertical shearing, and this yields velocities at a depth just below the surfa

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27

Kumar, Vickal V., Christian Jakob, Alain Protat, Christopher R. Williams, and Peter T. May. "Mass-Flux Characteristics of Tropical Cumulus Clouds from Wind Profiler Observations at Darwin, Australia." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 5 (2015): 1837–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-14-0259.1.

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Abstract Cumulus parameterizations in weather and climate models frequently apply mass-flux schemes in their description of tropical convection. Mass flux constitutes the product of the fractional area covered by convection in a model grid box and the vertical velocity in cumulus clouds. However, vertical velocities are difficult to observe on GCM scales, making the evaluation of mass-flux schemes difficult. Here, the authors combine high-temporal-resolution observations of in-cloud vertical velocities derived from a pair of wind profilers over two wet seasons at Darwin with physical propertie

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28

Lefeuvre, Frédéric, Roger Turpening, Carol Caravana, Andrea Born, and Laurence Nicoletis. "Vertical open fractures and shear‐wave velocities derived from VSPs, full waveform acoustic logs, and televiewer data." GEOPHYSICS 58, no. 6 (1993): 818–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1443467.

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Fracture or stress‐related shear‐wave birefringence (or azimuthal anisotropy) from vertical seismic profiles (VSPs) is commonly observed today, but no attempt is made to fit the observations with observed in‐situ fractures and velocities. With data from a hard rock (limestones, dolomites, and anhydrites) region of Michigan, fast and slow shear‐wave velocities have been derived from a nine‐component zero offset VSP and compared to shear‐wave velocities from two full waveform acoustic logs. To represent the shear‐wave birefringence that affects the shear wave’s vertical propagation, a propagator

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29

Zheng, Bofu, Andrew J. Lucas, Robert Pinkel, and Arnaud Le Boyer. "Fine-Scale Velocity Measurement on the Wirewalker Wave-Powered Profiler." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 39, no. 2 (2022): 133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-21-0048.1.

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Abstract The Wirewalker (WW) ocean-wave-powered vertical profiling system allows the collection of high-resolution oceanographic data due to its rapid profiling, hydrodynamically quiet operation, and long endurance. We have assessed the potential for measuring fine-scale ocean velocities from the Wirewalker platform using commercially available acoustic velocimeters. Although the vertical profiling speed is relatively steady, platform motion affects the velocity measurements and requires correction. We present an algorithm to correct our velocity estimates using platform motion calculated from

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30

Barceló-Llull, Bàrbara, Evan Mason, Arthur Capet, and Ananda Pascual. "Impact of vertical and horizontal advection on nutrient distribution in the southeast Pacific." Ocean Science 12, no. 4 (2016): 1003–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-12-1003-2016.

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Abstract. An innovative approach is used to analyze the impact of vertical velocities associated with quasi-geostrophic (QG) dynamics on the redistribution and uptake of nitrate in the southeast Pacific (SEP). A total of 12 years of vertical and horizontal currents are derived from an observation-based estimate of the ocean state. Horizontal velocities are obtained through the application of thermal wind balance to weekly temperature and salinity fields. Vertical velocities are estimated by integration of the QG omega equation. Seasonal variability of the synthetic vertical velocity and kineti

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31

Lee, Changho, Q. Hung Truong, and Jong-Sub Lee. "Cementation and bond degradation of rubber–sand mixtures." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 47, no. 7 (2010): 763–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t09-139.

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Cementation influences the mechanical behavior of soils. The effects of cementation and bond degradation are investigated for lightly cemented rigid sand and soft rubber particle mixtures subjected to vertical loading under the K0 condition. Cemented and uncemented specimens were prepared with various sand volume fractions. The propagation velocity of small strain body waves was measured by piezo materials, incorporated within an oedometer. Cemented specimens exhibited a bilinear behavior in the semi-log plot (vertical strain versus log of vertical stress). Vertical strains of a cemented speci

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32

Spada, E., T. Tucciarelli, M. Sinagra, V. Sammartano, and G. Corato. "Computation of vertically averaged velocities in irregular sections of straight channels." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 9 (2015): 3857–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-3857-2015.

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Abstract. Two new methods for vertically averaged velocity computation are presented, validated and compared with other available formulas. The first method derives from the well-known Huthoff algorithm, which is first shown to be dependent on the way the river cross section is discretized into several subsections. The second method assumes the vertically averaged longitudinal velocity to be a function only of the friction factor and of the so-called "local hydraulic radius", computed as the ratio between the integral of the elementary areas around a given vertical and the integral of the elem

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33

Bogusz, Janusz, Anna Klos, and Krzysztof Pokonieczny. "Optimal Strategy of a GPS Position Time Series Analysis for Post-Glacial Rebound Investigation in Europe." Remote Sensing 11, no. 10 (2019): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11101209.

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We describe a comprehensive analysis of the 469 European Global Positioning System (GPS) vertical position time series. The assumptions we present should be employed to perform the post-glacial rebound (PGR)-oriented comparison. We prove that the proper treatment of either deterministic or stochastic components of the time series is indispensable to obtain reliable vertical velocities along with their uncertainties. The statistical significance of the vertical velocities is examined; due to their small vertical rates, 172 velocities from central and western Europe are found to fall below their

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34

Семенова, В. Ю., та Д. А. Альбаев. "Определение скоростей в различных точках судна, вызываемых нелинейной качкой на регулярном волнении". MORSKIE INTELLEKTUAL`NYE TEHNOLOGII)</msg> 1, № 4(66) (2024): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.37220/mit.2024.66.4.004.

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В статье рассматривается определение составляющих скоростей с учетом влияния нелинейных сил второго порядка и соответствующих амплитуд вторых гармоник различных видов качки на основании применения трехмерной потенциальной теории в условиях бесконечно-глубокой жидкости и жидкости ограниченной глубины. Приведены расчеты продольно-горизонтальных, поперечно-горизонтальных и вертикальных скоростей в различных точках судов при качке на различных курсовых углах. Выполнено сравнение линейных составляющих скоростей и нелинейных. Показано значительное влияние нелинейных сил на все составляющие скоростей

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35

Michaelides, Silas, John Lane, and Takis Kasparis. "Effect of Vertical Air Motion on Disdrometer Derived Z-R Coefficients." Atmosphere 10, no. 2 (2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020077.

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For synoptic-scale motions the vertical velocity component is typically of the order of a few centimeters per second. In general, the vertical velocity is not measured directly but must be inferred from other meteorological fields that are measured directly. In the present study, a Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer was used in order to establish the drop size distributions (DSD) at Athalassa, Cyprus. Data from a radiosonde station co-located with the disdrometer were also collected which were subsequently used to derive estimates of vertical velocities. Meteorological fields, including vertical veloc

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36

Collis, Scott, Alain Protat, Peter T. May, and Christopher Williams. "Statistics of Storm Updraft Velocities from TWP-ICE Including Verification with Profiling Measurements." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 52, no. 8 (2013): 1909–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-12-0230.1.

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AbstractComparisons between direct measurements and modeled values of vertical air motions in precipitating systems are complicated by differences in temporal and spatial scales. On one hand, vertically profiling radars more directly measure the vertical air motion but do not adequately capture full storm dynamics. On the other hand, vertical air motions retrieved from two or more scanning Doppler radars capture the full storm dynamics but require model constraints that may not capture all updraft features because of inadequate sampling, resolution, numerical constraints, and the fact that the

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37

Zahmatkesh, Homayoon, and Abbas Abedeni. "Non-Parametric Wavelet Functional Analysis for Horizontal and Vertical displacements Derived from GPS Stations in Western Alaska during the Year 2012." Earth Science Research 6, no. 2 (2017): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/esr.v6n2p112.

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In order to analyze the dynamic processes of the Earth interior and the effect of the propagation of the seismic waves to the surface, a comprehensive study of the Earth crust kinematics is necessary. Although the Global Positing System (GPS) is a powerful method to measure ground displacements and velocities both horizontally and vertically as well as to infer the tectonic stress regime generated by the subsurface processes (from local fault systems to huge tectonic plate movements and active volcanoes), the complexity of the deformation pattern generated during such movements is not always e

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MARKOVICH, K., V. YALTYKHOV, A. DEGTJAREV, and M. MAKARAVA. "USE OF COMPLEX TECHNIQUE OF GEOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION OF GEOPHYSICAL FIELDS FOR PREDICTION OF POSSIBLE VALUES OF VELOCLES OF MODERN VERTICAL MOVEMENTS OF THE EARTH'S CRUST." Herald of Polotsk State University. Series F. Civil engineering. Applied sciences 32, no. 14 (2022): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52928/2070-1683-2022-32-14-107-113.

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The article considers the possibility of predicting the velocities of modern vertical movements of the earth's crust using a complex method of geological interpretation of the geophysical fields of Arkhangelsk – Fedynsk – Fotiadi. The search for links between the velocities of modern vertical movements of the earth's crust with anomalous gravitational and magnetic fields, the topography of the day surface, and the thickness of the earth's crust for one geological structure of the territory of the Republic of Belarus in the form of the Orsha depression was performed. To search for links, the in

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Kumar, Naresh, M. Mohapatra, and B. P. Yadav. "Boundary Layer Impact on Mountain Waves across Western Ghats of India." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 10, no. 1 (2011): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.18.3.

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A two- layer model has been developed assuming a steady, non- rotating and frictionless flow of vertically unbounded Boussinesq fluid across 2-D profile of Western Ghats of India. Further, it is assumed that lower layer is inviscid with neutral stability (N=0) and upper layer has constant static stability with respect to height, given by N= Constant (where N is Brunt- Väisälä frequency). The analytical expressions for vertical velocities and mountain drag have been derived across Western Ghats of India. It is found that vertical velocities are dependent on the characteristics like size and hei

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Dellwik, E., J. Mann, F. Bingöl, and K. S. Larsen. "Mean vertical velocities and flow tilt angles at a fetch-limited forest site in the context of carbon dioxide vertical advection." Biogeosciences Discussions 6, no. 4 (2009): 8167–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-6-8167-2009.

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Abstract. An analysis of flow angles from a fetch-limited beech forest site with clearings is presented. Flow angles and vertical velocities from two types of sonic anemometers as well as a ground based remote sensing lidar were analysed. Instead of using rotations, where zero-flow angles were assumed for neutral flow, the data from the instruments were interpreted in relation to the terrain. Uncertainties regarding flow distortion and limited sampling time (statistical uncertainty) were evaluated and found to be significant. Especially for one of the sonic anemometers, relatively small change

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Azzopardi, B. J., and J. C. F. Teixeira. "Detailed Measurements of Vertical Annular Two-Phase Flow—Part I: Drop Velocities and Sizes." Journal of Fluids Engineering 116, no. 4 (1994): 792–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911851.

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Phase anemometry and laser diffraction techniques have been employed to measure drop sizes in annular two-phase flow. The former technique also provides drop velocities. When converted to the same basis, the drop size distributions from the two techniques are in agreement. Drop velocities were 20 percent below the corresponding local velocities for the gas. Standard deviations of the drop velocities were 10 to 65 percent higher than those for the gas.

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Steinfeldt, R., J. Sültenfuß, M. Dengler, T. Fischer, and M. Rhein. "Coastal upwelling off Peru and Mauritania inferred from helium isotope disequilibrium." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 13 (2015): 11019–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-11019-2015.

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Abstract. Oceanic upwelling velocities are too small to be measured directly. The surface disequilibrium of the 3He/4He ratio provides an indirect method to infer vertical velocities at the base of the mixed layer. Samples of helium isotopes were taken from two coastal upwelling regions, off Peru on cruise M91, and off Mauritania on 3 cruises. The helium-3 flux into the mixed layer also depends on the diapycnal mixing. Direct observations of the vertical diffusivity have been performed on all 4 cruises and are also used in this study. The resulting upwelling velocities in the coastal regions v

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Chen, Ke, Peter Gaube, and Enric Pallàs-Sanz. "On the Vertical Velocity and Nutrient Delivery in Warm Core Rings." Journal of Physical Oceanography 50, no. 6 (2020): 1557–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-19-0239.1.

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AbstractWe examine various contributions to the vertical velocity field within large mesoscale eddies by analyzing multiple solutions to an idealized numerical model of a representative anticyclonic warm core Gulf Stream ring. Initial conditions are constructed to reproduce the observed density and nutrient profiles collected during the Warm Core Rings Program. The contributions to vertical fluxes diagnosed from the numerical simulations are compared against a divergence-based, semidiagnostic equation and a generalized omega equation to better understand the dynamics of the vertical velocity f

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Koldunov, A. V., and T. V. Belonenko. "Hydrodynamic Modeling of Vertical Velocities in the Lofoten Vortex." Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics 56, no. 5 (2020): 502–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0001433820040040.

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López-Corredoira, M., H. Abedi, F. Garzón, and F. Figueras. "Vertical velocities from proper motions of red clump giants." Astronomy & Astrophysics 572 (December 2014): A101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424573.

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Osgood, Kenric E., John M. Bane, and William K. Dewar. "Vertical velocities and dynamical balances in Gulf Stream meanders." Journal of Geophysical Research 92, no. C12 (1987): 13029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jc092ic12p13029.

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Martner, Brooks E. "Vertical Velocities in a Thunderstorm Gust Front and Outflow." Journal of Applied Meteorology 36, no. 5 (1997): 615–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<0615:vviatg>2.0.co;2.

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King, Matt A., and Christopher S. Watson. "Geodetic vertical velocities affected by recent rapid changes in polar motion." Geophysical Journal International 199, no. 2 (2014): 1161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggu325.

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Abstract Secular motion of Earth's rotation pole results in large-scale secular deformation of Earth. Here, we investigate the magnitude of the deformation that has resulted from the rapid motion of the rotation pole to the east since ∼2005. We show that geodetic (GNSS, DORIS, VLBI and SLR) estimates of vertical velocity since ∼2005 have been biased by up to ±0.38 mm yr–1 relative to the longer-term deformation pattern. The largest signals occur within regions that include the U.S. Pacific Coast, Europe and South Pacific islands where geodetic measurements provide essential measurements of tid

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Hawley, Robert L., Edwin D. Waddington, David L. Morse, Nelia W. Dunbar, and Gregory A. Zielinski. "Dating firn cores by vertical strain measurements." Journal of Glaciology 48, no. 162 (2002): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756502781831250.

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AbstractWe have developed a system for measuring a vertical strain-rate profile in the firn on polar ice sheets using a readily available video camera to detect metal bands inserted in an air-filled hole. We used this system in 1995 and 1996 at Taylor Dome, Antarctica. We use density measurements combined with our strain rates to infer vertical velocities. From our velocities we calculate a steady-state depth–age scale for the firn at Taylor Dome. The age of a visible ash layer from 79.1 m is 675 ± 25 years; this ash can be correlated with ash found at 97.2 m in a recent ice core at Siple Dome

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Calmer, Radiance, Gregory C. Roberts, Jana Preissler, Kevin J. Sanchez, Solène Derrien, and Colin O'Dowd. "Vertical wind velocity measurements using a five-hole probe with remotely piloted aircraft to study aerosol–cloud interactions." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 5 (2018): 2583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-2583-2018.

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Abstract. The importance of vertical wind velocities (in particular positive vertical wind velocities or updrafts) in atmospheric science has motivated the need to deploy multi-hole probes developed for manned aircraft in small remotely piloted aircraft (RPA). In atmospheric research, lightweight RPAs (< 2.5 kg) are now able to accurately measure atmospheric wind vectors, even in a cloud, which provides essential observing tools for understanding aerosol–cloud interactions. The European project BACCHUS (impact of Biogenic versus Anthropogenic emissions on Clouds and Climate: towards a Holis

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