Academic literature on the topic 'Vertical Windmill'

A wind turbine performs the function of converting the energy (kinetic) derived from the wind into another form of energy (mechanical) which is employed for the purpose of driving the generator which in turn generates electricity from this mechanical energy. The most common types of windmills employed in practice include horizontal and vertical axis wind mill. These windmills are fabricated in different structures for producing electricity. The main objective of this paper is to design an innovative eco friendly windmill to overcome the various difficulties existing in conventional windmills. In conventional windmills, the propeller rotation depends on the velocity of wind flow in the environment. But in this paper, we have fabricated an innovative eco friendly windmill in which, the propeller rotation is increased four times for the wind velocity in the surroundings.

At present the use of wind energy in Indonesia is still relatively low, but has enormous potential. One reason is because the average wind speed in the territory of Indonesia is classified as low wind speed, which ranges from 3 m / s to 5 m / s making it difficult to produce electrical energy on a large scale. However, the wind potential in Indonesia is available almost all year long, making it possible to develop small-scale power generation systems. Innovations in modifying windmills need to be developed so that in conditions of low wind speeds can produce electrical energy. In this research, a prototype was developed by designing a vertical axis windmill power plant model Savonius using a permanent magnet generator, which can produce optimal electrical energy by utilizing relatively low wind speeds.From the generator test it was found that with a rotor rotation of 50 rpm up to 500 rpm can produce an electrical voltage of 0.02V to 10V and an electric current of 0.60A to 4.53A.

AbstractBackgroundPeriodic alternating nystagmus is a rare condition characterised by spontaneous horizontal nystagmus that periodically reverses direction, indicating an alteration of the velocity storage mechanism. Windmill nystagmus is a peculiar and rare variant of periodic alternating horizontal nystagmus with a superimposed periodic alternating vertical nystagmus. It is generally observed in blind patients.Case reportThis paper presents the unique case of a normally sighted patient with a windmill nystagmus triggered by an episode of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo due to bilateral posterior canalolithiasis. Videonystagmography revealed an anticlockwise up-beating nystagmus followed by a clockwise down-beating nystagmus with a cycle lasting 2 minutes, followed by a brief burst of horizontal left-beating nystagmus.ConclusionThis case report represents the first observation of a new type of windmill nystagmus, probably provoked by a malfunction of the velocity storage mechanism, gaze-stabilisation and short-adaptation networks, with a loss of cerebellar inhibition.

« Le passé est un pays étranger : ils font les choses différemment là-bas » L.P. Hartly Nous avons souhaité nous pencher sur l’histoire des premiers moulins à vent. Plusieurs raisons à cela : une grande partie de l’histoire du moulin à vent demeure obscure et entre autres ; deux choses sont mal connues : la première concerne la date où le moulin à vent à axe vertical apparu pour la première fois en Iran (Perse antique), et la deuxième son évolution, les différents types de cette invention. Dernière raison justifiant la nécessité de notre recherche : il n’y a pas encore d’hypothèse claire permettant d’établir un lien entre les différents types des moulins a vent a axe vertical et présentant une chronologie datée et documentée de l’évolution des types différents, en particulier le moulin à vent à axe vertical iranien. Les sources d’énergie comme le vent – et le moulin à vent sont considérées comme une technologie médiatrice entre le vent et la société humaine. R. J. Forbes , l’historien de la technologie allemand, défendait l’idée que les « moteurs primaires » étaient la « clé de voûte de la technologie ». En utilisant comme critère ces « moteurs primaires », il distingue cinq périodes dans l’histoire de la technologie de l’humanité : l’ère de l’utilisation du muscle d’humain, l’ère de l’utilisation du muscle animal, l’ère de l’énergie fournie par l’eau, l’ère de l’énergie créée par la vapeur et l’ère de l’énergie atomique. Dans sa classification, Forbes n’a pas inclus l’ère de l’énergie du vent ; nous verrons que cette ère est le chaînon manquant entre l’ère de l’énergie hydraulique et l’ère de l’énergie fournie par la vapeur. Avec l’utilisation de l’énergie éolienne, cette ère devient par ailleurs la plus longue de l’histoire de l’utilisation des énergies. Parmi les technologies connues en matière de production d’énergie dans l’Antiquité figure la technologie du moulin à vent, qui a des liens directs avec les deux ères longues et importantes en matière d’utilisation de l’énergie : l’ère de l’énergie hydraulique et l’ère de l’énergie fournie par la vapeur. Malgré tout ce que l’on sait sur l’histoire du moulin à vent européen, l’origine et la diffusion de cette invention technique ne sont pas claires. Maurice Daumas écrit que : « L’origine et la diffusion du moulin à vent posent encore aux historiens de nombreux problèmes et de non moins nombreuses énigmes ». Il manque une chronologie des divers types de moulins à vent dans les diverses civilisations ; par conséquent, une théorie présentant cette diversité architecturale et technique dans le plateau d’Iran fait défaut encore aujourd’hui. La diffusion du moulin à vent dans le monde antique, y a compris l’Iran, pose également question. Une partie importante de cette thèse sera donc consacrée à répondre à ces questions, particulièrement en Iran, dans le but d’éclaircir autant que possible l’origine et la diffusion de cette invention architecturale et technique
"The past is a foreign country: they do things differently over there"L.P. Hartly We wanted to look at the history of the first windmills. There are several reasons for this: much of the history of the windmill remains obscure and among others; two things are poorly known: the first relates to the date when the vertical axis windmill appeared for the first time in Iran (ancient Persia), and the second its evolution, the different types of this invention. The last reason for the need for our research is that there is as yet no clear hypothesis for linking the different types of vertical wind mills with a dated and documented chronology of the evolution of types in particular the Iranian vertical axis windmill. Energy sources like the wind - and the windmill are seen as a mediating technology between wind and human society. R. J. Forbes, the German historian of technology, argued that "primary engines" were the "keystone of technology". Using as a criterion these "primary engines," he distinguishes five periods in the history of human technology: the age of human muscle utilization, the era of animal muscle utilization, the era of energy provided by water, the era of energy created by the vapor and the era of atomic energy. In his classification, Forbes did not include the era of wind energy; we shall see that this era is the missing link between the era of hydraulic energy and the era of energy supplied by steam. With the use of wind energy, this era is also the longest in the history of energy use

碩士
南台科技大學
機械工程系
98
Vertical shaft type wind-power Chinese square-pallet chain-pumps is an important lost ancient machinery. This study extends the reconstruction research results of Vertical shaft type wind-power Chinese square-pallet chain-pumps, conducts reconstruction analysis, completes the record of Vertical shaft type wind-power process technologies and principles, and preserved the dying technique and craftsmanship. Reconstruction analysis of Vertical shaft type wind-power includes mechanism analysis, irrigation analysis, stress analysis, and structural analysis. Institutional analysis could be divided into three systems:a propulsion system, a transmission system, and a pumping system. And then we could make mechanism and working principle analysis. By analyzing the irrigation performance based on the investigation of northern Jiangsu province rice irrigation methods and wind observations, it shows in Yancheng City northern Jiangsu province area one Vertical shaft type wind-power Chinese square-pallet chain-pumps irrigates 66 acres of farmland. Stress analysis is to investigate the Vertical shaft type wind-power sail’s different extreme positions under different actions of wind. When the first limit position is ∅ = 18.06° and the second limit position is λ = 120.79°, the Vertical shaft type wind-power produce maximum work, then we can estimate torque and work produced by different wind speeds. Structural Analysis utilizes the SolidWorks software to design the 3D model and use ANSYS to do the strength analysis of the wind wheel structure, so it gets the the maximum stress and minimum safety factor’s occurrence of position in windmills’ framework of under 3-7 grade wind. The results of the reconstruction analysis in this study not only clarifies Vertical shaft type wind-power process technologies and principles but also provides an innovative reference of Vertical axis wind turbine design.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
機電整合研究所
102
This article is focused on developing the twin-rotor vertical axis windmill to capture the so-called secondary wind energy and performing its working efficiency measurements using LabVIEW program. Structurally, the inner and outer rotors are separated by twin-rotor mechanism so that the two rotors can be operated independently. In process, the inner and outer rotors were built in drag-type and lift-type blades respectively. The input wind energy can first be captured by the outer turbine and the inner turbine will capture the rest of wind energy which is also called the secondary wind energy. In this work, the twin-rotor vertical axis windmill can be distinguished from three generations in mechanical design. The first generation is focused on developing the twin-rotor mechanism idea and choosing the turbine blades type. The second one is to adjust the mechanism so that inner and outer turbines can be operated independently. The third generation concentrates on blades design to increase the working efficiency. Moreover, this work also used encoders and LabVIEW program to monitor the relevant information automatically, such as RPM, TSR and working efficiency of twin-rotor vertical axis windmill. The results show that modified two-steps Savonius rotor has the best working efficiency of 19.5% at TSR = 1.05. For the outer turbine of semicircular drag-type with different number of Clark-Y blades, the results show that the outer turbine with three Clark-Y blades has working efficiency of 6.5% at TSR = 1.13. Moreover, this work used two and three outer blades to combine with the inner turbine as the twin-rotor vertical axis windmill for working efficiency measurements. The results show that when the inner and outer turbines turn contrarily with any number of outer blades will received benefit for the inner turbine and disadvantage for the outer turbine, when the inner and outer turbines turn in same direction also with any number of outer blades will received the opposite result, i.e. disadvantage for the inner turbine and advantage for the outer turbine. Finally, this work accomplishes the twin-rotor mechanism. The results show that the inner turbine integrated with three blades outer turbine and turning contrarily received the best working efficiency of 21.6% at wind speed 8 m/s.

This project is a part of the master thesis for the course Energy smart innovation in the built environment at Halmstad University. This project is done to check the feasibility of VAWT on replacing traditional horizontal axis windmills, costly offshore windmills, and other renewables. As Micro VAWT are smaller, they can be placed where traditional windmills will not be. To stress the point, these can be placed in places like traffic islands and open garden areas.  Lots of such projects are currently ongoing in different parts of the world. Sweden is lagging in this technology diffusion. We concluded that VAWM couldn't alone be used to replace traditional HAWTs or be enough to reach the full renewable target. They can be used in conjunction with HAWT to boost production and efficiency, and we also found other similar uses for VAWM. A business model is suggested so as for the optimal diffusion of VAWT. Our proposal of a micro VAWT of 1.8 million was able to produce 1.41TWh.We found that it was not possible to achieve with VAWT alone.

Passive residual heat removal system (PRHRS) is of great significance for reactor shutdown safety. The PRHRS of a small modular reactor, such as the integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) and the modular high temperature gas-cooled reactor (MHTRG), is composed of the primary loop (PL), intermediate loop (IL) and air-cooling loop (AL). The AL is a density-difference-driven natural circulation caused by the difference of air temperature at the inlet and outlet of the air-cooling tower. Thus, it is possible to adopt the air flow in AL to generate electricity for post-shutdown reactor monitoring. In this paper, a novel residual heat electricity generation system (RHEGS), which is composed of the PRHRS and a vertical wind generator installed in the air-cooling tower, is proposed for the power supply of post-shutdown monitoring instruments. To verify the feasibility of practical implementation, the dynamical model of this newly designed RHEGS including the dynamics of PRHRS, windmill, rotor as well as doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) are all given. Then, both steady-state and transient verification for the RHEGS of a nuclear heating reactor NHR200-II plant with a rated thermal power of 200 MWth is carried out, which shows that the output active power of RHEGS can be 20∼30kW which is about 1% the residual heat flux and can fully meet the power requirements of post-shutdown monitoring instruments.