Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vertically-transmitted virus

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Academic literature on the topic 'Vertically-transmitted virus'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Vertically-transmitted virus"

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McKinney, Ross E. "Vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus infection." Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 4, no. 4 (August 1991): 469–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001432-199108000-00003.

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M Sheek-Hussein, Mohamud, Michael W Ross, Nico Nagelkerke, Ahmed R Alsuwaidi, Sayenna Uduman, and Abdul-Kader Souid. "Natural History of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis C Virus." SM Journal of Hepatitis Research and Treatment 1, no. 1 (2015): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.36876/smjhrt.1004.

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Wu, Xueling, Adam B. Parast, Barbra A. Richardson, Ruth Nduati, Grace John-Stewart, Dorothy Mbori-Ngacha, Stephanie M. J. Rainwater, and Julie Overbaugh. "Neutralization Escape Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Are Transmitted from Mother to Infant." Journal of Virology 80, no. 2 (January 15, 2006): 835–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.80.2.835-844.2006.

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ABSTRACT Maternal passive immunity typically plays a critical role in protecting infants from new infections; however, the specific contribution of neutralizing antibodies in limiting mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is unclear. By examining cloned envelope variants from 12 transmission pairs, we found that vertically transmitted variants were more resistant to neutralization by maternal plasma than were maternal viral variants near the time of transmission. The vertically transmitted envelope variants were poorly neutralized by monoclonal antibodies biz, 2G12, 2F5, and 4E10 individually or in combination. Despite the fact that the infant viruses were among the most neutralization resistant in the mother, they had relatively few glycosylation sites. Moreover, the transmitted variants elicited de novo neutralizing antibodies in the infants, indicating that they were not inherently difficult to neutralize. The neutralization resistance of vertically transmitted viruses is in contrast to the relative neutralization sensitivity of viruses sexually transmitted within discordant couples, suggesting that the antigenic properties of viruses that are favored for transmission may differ depending upon mode of transmission.
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Peutherer, J. F., and S. M. Burns. "Diagnosis of vertically-transmitted infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)." Reviews in Medical Microbiology 4, no. 1 (January 1993): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00013542-199301000-00002.

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5

Fuxa, J. R., E. H. Weidner, and A. R. Richter. "Polyhedra without virions in a vertically transmitted nuclear polyhedrosis virus." Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 60, no. 1 (July 1992): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2011(92)90153-u.

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Simmons, H. E., H. R. Prendeville, J. P. Dunham, M. J. Ferrari, J. D. Earnest, D. Pilson, G. P. Munkvold, E. C. Holmes, and A. G. Stephenson. "Transgenic Virus Resistance in Crop-Wild Cucurbita pepo Does Not Prevent Vertical Transmission of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus." Plant Disease 99, no. 11 (November 2015): 1616–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-14-1062-re.

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Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an economically important pathogen of cucurbits that is transmitted both horizontally and vertically. Although ZYMV is seed-transmitted in Cucurbita pepo, the potential for seed transmission in virus-resistant transgenic cultivars is not known. We crossed and backcrossed a transgenic squash cultivar with wild C. pepo, and determined whether seed-to-seedling transmission of ZYMV was possible in seeds harvested from transgenic backcrossed C. pepo. We then compared these transmission rates to those of non-transgenic (backcrossed and wild) C. pepo. The overall seed-to-seedling transmission rate in ZYMV was similar to those found in previous studies (1.37%), with no significant difference between transgenic backcrossed (2.48%) and non-transgenic (1.03%) backcrossed and wild squash. Fewer transgenic backcrossed plants had symptom development (7%) in comparison with all non-transgenic plants (26%) and may be instrumental in preventing yield reduction due to ZYMV. Our study shows that ZYMV is seed transmitted in transgenic backcrossed squash, which may affect the spread of ZYMV via the movement of ZYMV-infected seeds. Deep genome sequencing of the seed-transmitted viral populations revealed that 23% of the variants found in this study were present in other vertically transmitted ZYMV populations, suggesting that these variants may be necessary for seed transmission or are distributed geographically via seeds.
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Longdon, Ben, Lena Wilfert, Jewelna Osei-Poku, Heather Cagney, Darren J. Obbard, and Francis M. Jiggins. "Host-switching by a vertically transmitted rhabdovirus in Drosophila." Biology Letters 7, no. 5 (March 30, 2011): 747–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2011.0160.

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A diverse range of endosymbionts are found within the cells of animals. As these endosymbionts are normally vertically transmitted, we might expect their evolutionary history to be dominated by host-fidelity and cospeciation with the host. However, studies of bacterial endosymbionts have shown that while this is true for some mutualists, parasites often move horizontally between host lineages over evolutionary timescales. For the first time, to our knowledge, we have investigated whether this is also the case for vertically transmitted viruses. Here, we describe four new sigma viruses, a group of vertically transmitted rhabdoviruses previously known in Drosophila . Using sequence data from these new viruses, and the previously described sigma viruses, we show that they have switched between hosts during their evolutionary history. Our results suggest that sigma virus infections may be short-lived in a given host lineage, so that their long-term persistence relies on rare horizontal transmission events between hosts.
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Krain, Lisa J., Alain B. Labrique, Jessica E. Atwell, and Kenrad E. Nelson. "Fetal and Neonatal Health Consequences of Vertically Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, no. 2 (February 5, 2014): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.13-0265.

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Shead, Gillian M., Joanne Potterton, and Aimee Stewart. "Neurodevelopment and growth of institutionalized children with vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus." Vulnerable Children and Youth Studies 5, no. 1 (April 7, 2010): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17450120903311582.

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Chase, Cynthia. "Early Neurodevelopmental Growth in Children With Vertically Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 149, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170210024004.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vertically-transmitted virus"

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Grunnill, Martin David. "Inapparent and vertically transmitted infections in two host-virus systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/20866.

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Despite the advances made since the advent of germ theory, infectious diseases still wreak havoc on human societies, not only affecting us directly but impacting the crops and livestock upon which we rely. Infectious diseases also have dramatic effects on wildlife ecology. Therefore research into infectious diseases could not only directly lead to the improvement and saving of human lives, but aid in food security and the conservation of many wildlife species. Of vital importance in understanding the ecology of infectious diseases are the mechanisms by which they persist in host populations. One possible mechanism is vertical transmission: the transmission of a pathogen from a parent to its offspring as a result of the process of host reproduction. Another possible mechanism is inapparant infections, where an infected host does not display symptoms. Focusing on dengue fever and the Plodia interpunctella granulovirus laboratory system, this PhD thesis looks at the role these two mechanisms play on the persistence of two viral infections and their ecology. Regarding the Plodia interpunctella granulovirus (PiGV) low host food quality led to greater detection of vertically transmitted inapparant PiGV, but did not lead to its activation to an apparent form. Host inbreeding did not lead to vertically transmitted inapparant PiGV’s activation, nor had an effect on its vertical transmission. The vertical infection rate of PiGV was very low. I would therefore suggest that it may be better to use an insect virus system with a higher rate of vertical infection in future research into vertically transmitting inapparent infections. Regarding dengue virus I conclude that vertical transmission is not likely to play a role in the persistence of this virus. However modelling work found that inapparent infections could provide dengue viruses with a means of persistence and should be subject to further research.
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Patot, Sabine. "Virus manipulateurs du comportement des insectes : prévalence et influence sur la structure des communautés hôtes : exemple de l’association Leptopilina boulardi / LbFV." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10103/document.

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Les symbioses eucaryotes/micro-organismes constituent une importante source d’innovation évolutive et de diversité écologique. Ces associations sont très répandues chez les insectes, en particulier chez les insectes parasitoïdes (insectes parasites d’autres insectes) qui hébergent en particulier une grande diversité de virus transmis verticalement. Leurs effets directs sur les parasitoïdes ainsi que les effets indirects sur la structure des communautés sont à l’heure actuelle mal compris. Nous avons abordé ces questions au travers l’étude d’un virus héritable (LbFV) ayant la particularité de manipuler le comportement de superparasitisme de son hôte, l’hyménoptère parasitoïde de drosophiles Leptopilina boulardi. La mise au point d’un outil moléculaire diagnostic de l’infection nous a permis de montrer que ce virus, spécifique à L. boulardi, peut atteindre de fortes prévalences dans les populations d’hôtes. Nous avons également mis en évidence un effet de la présence du virus sur les interactions compétitives interspécifiques au sein de la communauté des parasitoïdes de drosophiles. L’approche intégrée de ce travail constitue une étape importante dans la connaissance du rôle des virus héritables sur l’écologie et l’évolution de leurs hôtes
Eukaryots/microorganisms symbiosis is an important source of evolutionary novelty and ecological diversification. These associations are widespread in insects, particularly in parasitoids (insects that parasitize other insects) where a broad diversity of vertically transmitted viruses are found. However, their direct and indirect effects on host community are poorly understood. In this thesis, we used a system involving a Drosophila parasitoid, Leptopilina boulardi and a heritable virus LbFV that manipulates the behaviour of the parasitoid by increasing its tendency to lay eggs in a host that is already parasitized (superparasitism). Using a viral molecular marker developed in this work, we showed very high prevalences of the virus in L. boulardi populations. Additionally, we found a strong effect of the virus on interspecific competition in the Drosophila parasitoid community. The integrative approach of this work is an important step in understanding the role of heritable viruses in parasitoid ecology and evolution
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Shead, Gillian Mary. "Neurodevelopment and Growth of Institutionalised Children with Vertically Transmitted Human Immunodeficiency Virus." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/1971.

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Student Number : 7809567 - MSc dissertation - School of Therapeutic - Faculty of Health Sciences
HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa has resulted in a major increase in the number of HIV infected children and orphans. HIV infected children are at risk of developmental delays and growth impairments which is further compromised by poor living conditions. Institutionalisation is not the preferred method of caring for children in need, however, it does provide a stable environment, shelter, nutrition and medical care. Objective: To compare the anthropometric measurements and neurodevelopment of HIV infected and HIV uninfected children who were vertically infected, not on antiretroviral treatment and residing in institutions in Gauteng, South Africa. Method: A comparative, longitudinal study of 16 HIV infected and 24 HIV uninfected children between the ages of 16 and 42 months. The Bayley Scale of Infant Development II (MDI and PDI) was used to evaluate neurodevelopment. The children’s mean z-scores for weight-for-age, height-for-age, weight-forheight and head circumference-for-age were calculated. Evaluations were carried out at two time points, seven months apart. Results: The HIV infected children scored significantly lower than HIV uninfected children at both time points, in neurodevelopmental (MDI p<0.02 and p<0.00; PDI p<0.00 and p<0.00) and anthropometric measurements for-age (weight p<0.00 and p<0.01; height p<0.00 and p<0.00; head circumference p<0.00 and p<0.07). Both groups (HIV infected and HIV uninfected) showed a significant improvement over time regarding to their weight-for-age (p<0.00; p<0.01) and head circumference-for-age (p<0.01 and p<0.08). The height-forage showed no significant improvement in the HIV infected group (p>0.2) but did in the HIV uninfected group (p<0.03). There was a severe delay in the mental abilities of both the HIV infected and HIV uninfected children and the motor abilities of the HIV infected children, which did not change over time, but the motor abilities of the HIV uninfected children did improve significantly. Conclusion: The HIV virus affects the neurodevelopment and growth of HIV infected children. Both groups showed an improvement over time in their growth particularly weight-for-age indicating that they may have benefited from their institutionalisation.
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Ramarumo, Takalani. "The Psycho-social Experiences of Children Living with Vertically Transmitted HIV/AIDS at Messina Hospital, South Africa." Diss., 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11602/1166.

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MA (Psychology)
Department of Psychology
The aim of the study was to explore the psycho-social experiences of children living with vertically transmitted HIV/AIDS in Messina Hospital, South Africa. The study utilised the qualitative approach, in particular the exploratory research design. The population of the study comprised both male and female children between the ages of 12-17 years, who are receiving care and support at Fountain of Hope Clinic in Messina Hospital. Non-probability sampling, in particular its sub-type, purposive sampling, was used to select the children who participated in the study. Eleven participants (11) were interviewed, and the sample size of the study was guided by data saturation during data collection. Semi-structured, open-ended face to face interviews were used to collect data. In order to analyse data, the researcher adopted thematic content analysis, following Tech’s eight steps of qualitative data analysis. Three main themes emerged from the raw data, namely living with HIV/AIDS infection; challenges of living with HIV/AIDS infection; and coping with HIV/AIDS. Sub-themes emerged from the main themes. Ethical considerations were observed and trustworthiness was ensured in the study. The study results were analysed and recommendations based on the results were formulated to enhance the experiences of children living with vertically transmitted HIV/AIDS.
NRF
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Books on the topic "Vertically-transmitted virus"

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Moriuchi, Hiroyuki. Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0010.

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), a human retrovirus that infects an estimated 10–20 million people worldwide, has endemic foci in Japan, West and Central Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Melanesia. Also, it is the etiological agent of a lymphoproliferative malignancy, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), as well as chronic inflammatory diseases such as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). HTLV-1 can be transmitted vertically, sexually, or by blood-borne transmission. ATLL occurs in approximately 5% of carriers who are infected during early childhood, and primary prevention is the only strategy likely to reduce this fatal disease. Children born to carrier mothers acquire the virus predominantly from breastfeeding. In endemic areas, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) can be significantly reduced by screening pregnant women for the HTLV-1 antibody, followed by replacing breastfeeding with exclusive formula feeding. Indications for serological screening and recommendations for prevention of perinatal transmission are reviewed in this chapter.
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Book chapters on the topic "Vertically-transmitted virus"

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Papanis, Efstratios, and Myrsine Roumeliotu. "Social Stigmatization Among Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Male and Female Patients." In Handbook of Research on Policies and Practices for Sustainable Economic Growth and Regional Development, 166–76. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2458-8.ch015.

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There are about 100 types of human papilloma virus which can affect humans. They can be transmitted by sexual contact, no sexual contact, or vertically through transmission from the mother to the infant during delivery and postnatally. Although HPV Inflicts both men and women, the latter seem to be more susceptible to social stigmatization in their community. According to Goffman (1963), “stigma” is a powerful discrediting and tainting social label that changes the way individuals view themselves and are viewed by others. However, although medicine and medical care has made great progress in the field, there is still a lot to be done on the social level, especially regarding socially vulnerable groups (i.e. immigrants, etc.).
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Mohammed Ali Jassim, Marwa, Majid Mohammed Mahmood, and Murtada Hafedh Hussein. "Human Herpetic Viruses and Immune Profiles." In Innate Immunity in Health and Disease. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96340.

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Herpesviruses are large, spherical, enveloped viral particles with linear double-stranded DNA genome. Herpesvirus virion consists of an icosahedral capsid containing viral DNA, surrounded by a protein layer called tegument, and enclosed by an envelope consisting of a lipid bilayer with various glycoproteins. Herpesviruses persist lifelong in their hosts after primary infection by establishing a latent infection interrupted recurrently by reactivations. The Herpesviridae family is divided into three subfamilies; α-herpesviruses, β-herpesviruses, and γ-herpesviruses based on the genome organization, sequence homology, and biological properties. There are eight human herpes viruses: Herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 (HSV-1, −2) andVaricella-zoster virus (VZV), which belong to the α-herpesvirus subfamily; Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and Human herpesvirus type 6 and 7 (HHV-6,HHV-7), which belong to the β-herpesvirus subfamily; and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) or Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), which belong to the γ-herpesvirus subfamily. Within this chapter, we summarize the current knowledge about EBV and CMV, regarding their genome organization, structural characteristics, mehanisms of latency, types of infections, mechanisms of immune escape and prevention. Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) genome encodes over 100 proteins, of which only (30) proteins are well characterized, including the proteins expressed during latent infection and lytic cycle proteins. Based on major variation in the EBNA-2 gene sequence, two types of EBV are recognized, EBV type 1 and 2. Epstein–Barr virus types occur worldwide and differ in their geographic distribution depending on the type of virus. EBV spreads most commonly through bodily fluids, especially saliva. However, EBV can also spread through blood, blood transfusions, and organ transplantations. The EBV is associated with many malignant diseases such as lymphomas, carcinomas, and also more benign such as infectious mononucleosis, chronic active infection. The EBV has also been suggested as a trigger/cofactor for some autoimmune diseases. Overall, 1–1.5% of the cancer burden worldwide is estimated to be attributable to EBV The latently infected human cancer cells express the most powerful monogenic proteins, LMP-1 and LMP-2(Latent Membrane Protein-1,-2), as well as Epstein–Barr Nuclear Antigens (EBNA) and two small RNAs called Epstein–Barr Encoded Small RNAs (EBERs). The EBV can evade the immune system by its gene products that interfering with both innate and adaptive immunity, these include EBV-encoded proteins as well as small noncoding RNAs with immune-evasive properties. Currently no vaccine is available, although there are few candidates under evaluation. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous beta herpesvirus type 5 with seroprevalence ranges between 60 to 100% in developing countries. CMV is spread from one person to another, usually by direct and prolonged contact with bodily fluids, mainly saliva, but it can be transmitted by genital secretions, blood transfusion and organ transplantation. In addition, CMV can be transmitted vertically from mother to child. CMV infection can result in severe disease for babies, people who receive solid organ transplants or bone marrow/stem cell transplants and people with severe immune suppression such as advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The HCMV has several mechanisms of immune system evasion. It interferes with the initiation of adaptive immune responses, as well as prevent CD8+ and CD4+ T cell recognition interfering with the normal cellular MHC Class I and MHC Class II processing and presentation pathways. Challenges in developing a vaccine include adeptness of CMV in evading the immune system. Though several vaccine candidates are under investigation.
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