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Journal articles on the topic 'Very high energy electrons'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Clements, Nathan, Nolan Esplen, Magdalena Bazalova-Carter, et al. "271 Grid Therapy with Very-High Energy Electrons." Radiotherapy and Oncology 186 (September 2023): S115—S116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(23)89363-x.

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2

Fuchs, T., H. Szymanowski, U. Oelfke, et al. "Treatment planning for laser-accelerated very-high energy electrons." Physics in Medicine and Biology 54, no. 11 (2009): 3315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-9155/54/11/003.

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3

Osmanov, Zaza N., D. Kuridze, and Swadesh M. Mahajan. "Can the Solar Atmosphere Generate Very-High-Energy Cosmic Rays?" Symmetry 17, no. 3 (2025): 366. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym17030366.

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The origin and acceleration of high-energy particles, constituting cosmic rays, is likely to remain an important topic in modern astrophysics. Among the two categories galactic and solar cosmic rays, the latter are much less investigated. The primary source of solar cosmic ray particles are impulsive explosions of the magnetized plasma, known as solar flares and coronal mass ejections. These particles, however, are characterized by relatively low energies compared to their galactic counterparts. In this work, we explore the resonance wave–wave (RWW) interaction between the polarized electromag

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4

Papiez, Lech, Colleen DesRosiers, and Vadim Moskvin. "Very High Energy Electrons (50 – 250 MeV) and Radiation Therapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 1, no. 2 (2002): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153303460200100202.

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5

Isravel, Hebzibha, Asaf Pe’er, and Damien Bégué. "Proton Synchrotron Origin of the Very-high-energy Emission of GRB 190114C." Astrophysical Journal 955, no. 1 (2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acec73.

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Abstract We consider here a proton-synchrotron model to explain the MAGIC observation of GRB 190114C afterglow in the energy band of 0.2–1 TeV, while the X-ray spectra are explained by electron-synchrotron emission. Given the uncertainty of the particle acceleration process, we consider several variations of the model, and show that they all match the data very well. We find that the values of the uncertain model parameters are reasonable: isotropic explosion energy ∼1054.5 erg, ambient density ∼10–100 cm−3, and the fraction of electrons/protons accelerated to a high-energy power law is of a f

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6

XU, Wangwen, Zhanghu HU, 章虎胡, Dexuan HUI, and Younian WANG. "High energy electron beam generation during interaction of a laser accelerated proton beam with a gas-discharge plasma." Plasma Science and Technology 24, no. 5 (2022): 055001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-6272/ac4d1d.

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Abstract The study of the interaction between ion beam and plasma is very important to the areas of inertial fusion energy and high energy density physics. With detailed one-dimensional electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate here the interaction of a laser-accelerated proton beam assuming an ideal monoenergetic beam with a gas-discharge plasma. After the saturation stage of the two-stream instability excited by the proton beam, significant high energy electrons are observed, with maximum energy approaching 2 MeV, and a new two-stream instability occurs between the high en

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7

Tibolla, Omar, Sarah Kaufmann, and Paula Chadwick. "Pulsar Wind Nebulae and Unidentified Galactic Very High Energy Sources." J 5, no. 3 (2022): 318–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j5030022.

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The riddle of the origin of Cosmic Rays (CR) has been an open question for over a century. Gamma ray observations above 100 MeV reveal the sites of cosmic ray acceleration to energies where they are unaffected by solar modulation; recent evidence supports the existence of hadronic acceleration in Supernova Remnants (SNR), as expected in the standard model of cosmic ray acceleration. Nevertheless, the results raise new questions, and no final answer has been provided thus far. Among the suggested possible alternative accelerators in the Very High Energy (VHE) gamma ray sky, pulsar wind nebulae

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8

Kifune, T. "Very High Energy Gamma Rays from Plerions: CANGAROO Results." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 188 (1998): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900114597.

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The current status of very high energy gamma ray astronomy (in ~ 1 TeV region) is described by using as example results of CANGAROO (Collaboration of Australia and Nippon for a GAmma Ray Observatory in the Outback). Gamma rays at TeV energies, emitted through inverse Compton effect of electrons or π0 decay from proton interaction, provide direct evidence on “hot” non-thermal processes of the Universe, as well as environmental features, such as the strength of magnetic field in the emission region, for the non-thermal processes.

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9

Liu, Qingyu, Qinhe Zhang, Min Zhang, and Fazhan Yang. "Study on the Discharge Characteristics of Single-Pulse Discharge in Micro-EDM." Micromachines 11, no. 1 (2020): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11010055.

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To further study the discharge characteristics and machining mechanism of micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM), the variation trends of the discharge energy and discharge crater size with actual discharge duration are discussed based on single-pulse experiments. The polarity effect of micro-EDM was analyzed according to the motion characteristics of electrons and ions in the discharge plasma channel. The results show that the discharge current and voltage of micro-EDM were independent of the discharge width and open-circuit voltage. The energy utilization rate of the short-pulse di

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10

Seitz, B. "166 RADIOTHERAPY WITH VERY HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS GENERATED BY WAKEFIELD ACCELERATORS." Radiotherapy and Oncology 102 (March 2012): S77—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(12)70137-8.

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11

H Kelley, Michael. "Uses of Spin-polarised Electrons in Fundamental Electron-Atom Collision Processes and the Analysis of Magnetic Microstructures." Australian Journal of Physics 43, no. 5 (1990): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph900565.

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Two experimental programs are discussed which exploit the use of polarised electrons for studies of fundamental processes and physical properties. In one program, collisions between spin�polarised electrons and optically pumped sodium atoms provide a very detailed characterisation of the spin-dependent interactions important in low-energy electron-atom collisions. The results of these measurements provide a critical test for the reliability of state-of-the�art electron scattering calculations. In the second program, the spin polarisation of secondary electrons ejected by high� energy electron

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12

Klingelhöfer, G., and E. Kankeleit. "Conversion electron Mössbauerspectroscopy with very low energy (0 to 15 eV) electrons." Hyperfine Interactions 57, no. 1-4 (1990): 1905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02405740.

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13

Roshchupkin, S. P., and S. S. Starodub. "The effect of generation of narrow ultrarelativistic beams of positrons (electrons) in the process of resonant photoproduction of pairs on nuclei in a strong electromagnetic field." Laser Physics Letters 19, no. 11 (2022): 115301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1612-202x/ac9401.

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Abstract The generation of narrow beams of high-energy positrons (electrons) in the process of resonant photogeneration of ultrarelativistic electron–positron pairs by high-energy gamma quanta in the field of the nucleus and a strong electromagnetic wave is theoretically predicted. It is shown that if the energy of the initial gamma quanta significantly exceeds the characteristic energy of the process, then ultrarelativistic positrons (electrons) are emitted with energies very close to the energy of gamma quanta. Moreover, the resonant differential cross-section of such processes can exceed th

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14

Ottensmeyer, F. P., and X. G. Jiang. "High-resolution electron spectrometers for molecular microanalysis." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 46 (1988): 664–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100105382.

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The last decade has brought major advances in electron beam induced microanalytical capabilities, particularly with the utilization of energy loss electrons. These developments have been predicated primarily by the design and by the more ready commercial availabilty of better magnetic spectrometers, both for scanning transmission and fixed-beam transmission electron microscopy.Theoretical and experimental investigation of spatial resolution or localization possible for microanalysis and elemental mapping has indicated a potential of about 0.5 nm at an energy loss close to 100 eV, improving slo

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15

Delorme, R., T. A. M. Masilela, C. Etoh, F. Smekens, and Y. Prezado. "FIRST THEORETICAL DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF VERY HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS." Physica Medica 94 (February 2022): S73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1120-1797(22)01598-8.

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16

Mill, J., D. Jaroszynski, A. Maitrallain, and G. Baldacchino. "PP12.02 REAL-TIME DOSIMETRY OF VERY HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS USING FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY." Physica Medica 125 (September 2024): 103883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.103883.

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17

D'Andrea, Fabio S., Roger M. Jones, Ranald MacKay, and Robert Chuter. "1672: Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE): Treatment planning comparison and machine design." Radiotherapy and Oncology 194 (May 2024): S3593—S3596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(24)02030-9.

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18

Peralta, Jesica P., Alejandra M. P. Mendez, Dario M. Mitnik, and Claudia C. Montanari. "Stopping Power of Iron for Protons: Theoretical Calculations from Very Low to High Energies." Atoms 13, no. 3 (2025): 22. https://doi.org/10.3390/atoms13030022.

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The energy loss in iron can serve as valuable knowledge due to its extended use in technological applications and open topics in fundamental physics. The electronic structure of solid Fe is challenging, given that it is the first of the groups of transition metals with some of the d-electrons promoted to the conduction band while others remain bound. The low energy description, the deviation from velocity proportionality at low impact energies, and the contribution of the loosely bound d-electrons to the energy loss are active featured fields when it comes to the stopping in Fe. Very recent TD

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19

Liu, Jingyue. "Imaging and Microanalysis of Non-Conducting Materials in the Lowvoltage FE-SEM: Challenges and Strategies." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (2000): 754–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600036266.

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Under high-energy electron bombardment, electrical charge can rapidly build up in non-conducting materials. The electron-induced charging process is very complex and is still not well understood. Injection of energetic electrons into insulators generates electron-hole pairs which can be localized at pre-existing or newly created charge-trap centers. Charging of insulators results from a balance between the emission of secondary electrons and the diffusion and trapping of incident electrons. In the SEM, charging is usually a dynamic process: the degree of specimen charging depends on the energy

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20

Jitendra, Sunte. "Sources of Electrons and Protons in the Universe." Advancement of Signal Processing and its Applications 8, no. 2 (2025): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15309776.

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<em>In the stable and unstable, balanced and imbalanced conditions of the universe, the very vital fact of sources of electrons and protons is a major important thing of issue arising. For that one can identify the five sheaths of the human body as the food sheath, vital air sheath, mental sheath, knowledge sheath, and bliss body. Every atom has its own proton and electron count, so the entire universe can be best understood by the atom as a proton, electron, and neutron composition. The human body has a number of atoms. Suppose a person has a very high number of electrons; then he suffers bla

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21

Vergados, J. D., Ch C. Moustakidis, Yeuk-Kwan E. Cheung, H. Ejiri, Yeongduk Kim, and Jeong-Yeon Lee. "Light WIMP Searches Involving Electron Scattering." Advances in High Energy Physics 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6257198.

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In the present work we examine the possibility of detecting electrons in light dark matter searches. These detectors are considered to be the most appropriate for detecting dark matter particles with a mass in the MeV region. We analyze theoretically some key issues involved in such detection. More specifically we consider a particle model involving WIMPs interacting with fermions via Z-exchange. We find that for WIMPs with mass in the electron mass range the cross section for WIMP-atomic electron scattering is affected by the electron binding. For WIMPs more than 20 times heavier than the ele

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22

Poblet, Josep M. "(Invited) Computational Modelling of Super-Reduced Polyoxometalates for Energy Storage." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-01, no. 11 (2023): 1251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-01111251mtgabs.

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It is well know that polyoxometalates can be reduced at relatively potentials and can act as reservoir of electrons. Very recently, it has been reported that polyoxometalates clusters like Li6[P2W18O62] can achieve very high proton–electron storage capacities in aqueous solution. DFT calculations in combination with classical MD and CPMD simulations were able to substantiate that the physical properties of classical polyoxotungstates, like those of the prototypical Dawson anion [P2W18O62]6-, strongly depend on the presence of collective forces associated to POM concentration, pH and countercat

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23

ZHOU, C. T., M. Y. YU, and X. T. HE. "Electron acceleration by high current-density relativistic electron bunch in plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 25, no. 2 (2007): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034607000171.

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Electron acceleration by a short high-current relativistic electron bunch (EB) in plasmas at three characteristic densities is studied by particle-in-cell simulation. It is found that if the EB is appropriately matched to the background plasma, the blowout space-charge field of the EB can accelerate the trailing bunch electrons at very high energy gain rate. This high energy gain, as well as the large-amplitude wakefield, the turbulent small-scale electron plasma waves, and the formation of large current peaks, are studied. The evolution of the EB, its blowout field, and other related paramete

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24

Lee, Youngrok, Jihhwan Lee, and Sunghyun Kim. "Solar Energy Is Effectively Converted to Electricity and Hydrogen Using Cyanobacteria." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 61 (2023): 3283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02613283mtgabs.

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We present solar energy conversion for electricity generation and hydrogen production from water using Anabaena variabilis (A. variabilis), an oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacterium. Electrons from water oxidation by the light reactions that take place in thylakoid membranes (TMs) undergo a series of electron transfer pathway called Z-schme. We devised a method in which electrons are directed to the external electrode. In order to extract electrons from TMs, we found that double mediators are very effective in transferring electrons to the electrode from TMs. Dimethylbenzoquinone, the first me

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25

Čadež, Andrej. "The role of electromagnetism in tidal disruption events." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 12, S324 (2016): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316013119.

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AbstractTidal disruption events are characterized by the prompt release of very high energy electromagnetic radiation, which rapidly carries away a significant fraction of mass-energy. The time scale od prompt release is quite comparable to the time scale of gravitational collapse. We suggest that generation of very high energy radiation from pulsar nebulae may be an example of the relativistic coupling between gravity and electromagnetism. The main ingredient of our picture comes from the observation that the electron - ion energy exchange time scale is much longer than the electron ion energ

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26

Amstutz, F., G. Guyer, C. Zhu, et al. "PP26.13 FIRST INVERSELY OPTIMIZED MAGNETICALLY FOCUSED VERY HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRONS (VHEE) TREATMENT PLAN." Physica Medica 125 (September 2024): 103935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2024.103935.

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27

Papiez, L. "TU-D-224A-07: Image-Guided IMRT and Very High Energy Electrons (VHEE)." Medical Physics 33, no. 6Part17 (2006): 2204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2241584.

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28

Richter, Burton. "Very High Energy Colliders." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 32, no. 5 (1985): 3828–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.1985.4334517.

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29

Zhang, Lu-Lu, Jia Ren, Yun Wang, and En-Wei Liang. "Very-high-energy Gamma-Ray Afterglows of GRB 201015A and GRB 201216C." Astrophysical Journal 952, no. 2 (2023): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd190.

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Abstract Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) 201015A and 201216C are valuable cases where very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray afterglows have been detected. By analyzing their prompt emission data, we find that GRB 201216C is an extremely energetic, long GRB with a hard gamma-ray spectrum, while GRB 201015A is a relative subenergetic, soft-spectrum GRB. Attributing their radio–optical–X-ray afterglows to the synchrotron radiation of the relativistic electrons accelerated in their jets, we fit their afterglow lightcurves with the standard external shock model and infer their VHE afterglows from the synchrotro

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30

Hirotani, Kouichi. "Very High-Energy Emission from the Direct Vicinity of Rapidly Rotating Black Holes." Galaxies 6, no. 4 (2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/galaxies6040122.

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When a black hole accretes plasmas at very low accretion rate, an advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF) is formed. In an ADAF, relativistic electrons emit soft gamma-rays via Bremsstrahlung. Some MeV photons collide with each other to materialize as electron-positron pairs in the magnetosphere. Such pairs efficiently screen the electric field along the magnetic field lines, when the accretion rate is typically greater than 0.03–0.3% of the Eddington rate. However, when the accretion rate becomes smaller than this value, the number density of the created pairs becomes less than the rotation

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31

Peretti, Enrico, Pasquale Blasi, Felix Aharonian, and Giovanni Morlino. "Cosmic ray transport and radiative processes in nuclei of starburst galaxies." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 487, no. 1 (2019): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stz1161.

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Abstract The high rate of star formation and supernova explosions of starburst galaxies make them interesting sources of high-energy radiation. Depending on the level of turbulence present in their interstellar medium, the bulk of cosmic rays produced inside starburst galaxies may lose most of their energy before escaping, thereby making these sources behave as calorimeters, at least up to some maximum energy. Contrary to previous studies, here we investigate in detail the conditions under which cosmic ray confinement may be effective for electrons and nuclei and we study the implications of c

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32

McEachran, Robert P., Kathryn R. Hamilton, and Klaus Bartschat. "Low-Energy Elastic Electron Scattering from Helium Atoms." Atoms 9, no. 4 (2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atoms9040082.

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We reinvestigate a key process in electron-atom collision physics, the elastic scattering of electrons from helium atoms. Specifically, results from a special-purpose relativistic polarized-orbital method, which is designed to treat elastic scattering only, are compared with those from a very extensive, fully ab initio, general-purpose B-spline R-matrix (close-coupling) code.

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Guo, L., H. W. Zhang, and H. C. Wu. "High-frequency radio-wave emission by coherent transition radiation of runaway electrons produced by lightning stepped leaders." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 9 (2022): 093102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0102132.

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Lightning can produce multiband radio waves and high-energy radiations. Some of them are associated with the formation of lightning leaders. However, their generation mechanisms are not fully understood yet. Based on the understanding of thermal runaway electrons generated at the leader tip, we propose transition radiation of these runaway electrons as an alternative mechanism for producing very-high-frequency radio signals. Transition radiations are induced when runaway electrons cross the interfaces between lightning coronas and the air. By the use of estimated parameters of electron beams e

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34

Ronga, Maria Grazia, Marco Cavallone, Annalisa Patriarca, et al. "Back to the Future: Very High-Energy Electrons (VHEEs) and Their Potential Application in Radiation Therapy." Cancers 13, no. 19 (2021): 4942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194942.

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The development of innovative approaches that would reduce the sensitivity of healthy tissues to irradiation while maintaining the efficacy of the treatment on the tumor is of crucial importance for the progress of the efficacy of radiotherapy. Recent methodological developments and innovations, such as scanned beams, ultra-high dose rates, and very high-energy electrons, which may be simultaneously available on new accelerators, would allow for possible radiobiological advantages of very short pulses of ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) therapy for radiation therapy to be considered. In particular

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35

Li, Bochao, Hao Li, Chang Yang, Boyu Ji, Jingquan Lin, and Toshihisa Tomie. "Picosecond Lifetime Hot Electrons in TiO2 Nanoparticles for High Catalytic Activity." Catalysts 10, no. 8 (2020): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10080916.

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A large number of studies have examined the origins of high-catalytic activities of nanoparticles, but very few have discussed the lifetime of high-energy electrons in nanoparticles. The lifetime is one of the factors determining electron transfer and thus catalytic activity. Much of the lifetime of electrons reported in the literature is too short for a high transfer-efficiency of photo-excited electrons from a catalyst to the attached molecules. We observed TiO2 nanoparticles using the femtosecond laser two-color pump-probe technique with photoemission electron microscopy having a 40 nm spat

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36

Othman, Yaqeen Khalid, Shvan Qadir Mahmood Karim, Alaa Thamer Saleh, and Shorsh Abdul Khaliq Muhammad. "The Effect of the Lorenz Coefficient on the Free Electron Laser." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 4 (2024): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(4).62.

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Coherent, high-peak tunable power supplies have been very useful in many applications. In this research, the physical process of a new type of coherent, flexible, and very bright radiation source called the free electron laser (sFEL) is described. The movement of the electron beam in the presence of two fields, optical and wave, leads to the exchange of energy. This energy exchange leads to the formation of groups of electrons that will emit very bright radiation. In principle, the resonance wavelength can be adjusted to any radiation area, and this is possible by changing the wave parameter o

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Yaqeen, Khalid Othman, Qadir Mahmood Karim Shvan, Thamer Saleh Alaa, and Abdul Khaliq Muhammad Shorsh. "The Effect of the Lorenz Coefficient on the Free Electron Laser." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 2, no. 4 (2024): 734–41. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2024.2(4).62.

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Coherent, high-peak tunable power supplies have been very useful in many applications. In this research, the physical process of a new type of coherent, flexible, and very bright radiation source called the free electron laser (sFEL) is described. The movement of the electron beam in the presence of two fields, optical and wave, leads to the exchange of energy. This energy exchange leads to the formation of groups of electrons that will emit very bright radiation. In principle, the resonance wavelength can be adjusted to any radiation area, and this is possible by changing the wave parameter o

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38

Khangulyan, Dmitry, Andrew M. Taylor, and Felix Aharonian. "The Formation of Hard Very High Energy Spectra from Gamma-ray Burst Afterglows via Two-zone Synchrotron Self-Compton Emission." Astrophysical Journal 947, no. 2 (2023): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acc24e.

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Abstract Electron Compton scattering of target photons into the gamma-ray energy band (inverse Compton scattering; IC) is commonly expected to dominate the very high energy (VHE) spectra in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) especially during the afterglow phase. For sufficiently large center-of-mass energies in these collisions, the effect of the electron recoil starts reducing the scattering cross-section (the Klein–Nishina regime). The IC spectra generated in the Klein–Nishina regime is softer and has a smaller flux level compared to the synchrotron spectra produced by the same electrons. The detectio

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39

Bedri, Nicole Kmec, Milan Smetana, and Ladislav Janousek. "Impact of Metallic Implants on Dose Distribution in Radiotherapy with Electrons, Photons, Protons, and Very-High-Energy Beams." Applied Sciences 15, no. 8 (2025): 4536. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084536.

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Metallic implants in radiotherapy patients alter dose distributions due to their high density and unique composition, potentially compromising treatment precision. This study evaluates the effects of three metallic materials, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, titanium alloy, and stainless steel, on dose distribution across four radiotherapy modalities: 6 MV photons, 15 MeV electrons, 170 MeV protons, and very-high-energy electrons (100 and 150 MeV). Monte Carlo simulations in the TOol for PArticle Simulations Monte Carlo (TOPAS MC) generated percentage depth dose curves and dose profiles, with dosage data stand

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40

Wen, Lu, Ke-Yao Wu, Huan Yu, and Jun Fang. "Investigating the energy distribution of the high-energy particles in the Crab nebula." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 21, no. 11 (2021): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/11/286.

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Abstract The Crab nebula is a prominent pulsar wind nebula detected in multiband observations ranging from radio to very high-energy γ-rays. Recently, γ-rays with energies above 1 PeV have been detected by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, and the energy of the most energetic particles in the nebula can be constrained. In this paper, we investigate the broadest spectral energy distribution of the Crab nebula and the energy distribution of the electrons emitting the multiwavelength nonthermal emission based on a one-zone time-dependent model. The nebula is powered by the pulsar, a

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41

Delorme, R., T. Masilela, C. Etoh, F. Smekens, and Y. Prezado. "OC-0080 First theoretical determination of relative biological effectiveness of very high energy electrons." Radiotherapy and Oncology 161 (August 2021): S53—S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06774-8.

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42

Sitarz, Mateusz Krzysztof, Maria Grazia Ronga, Flavia Gesualdi, Anthony Bonfrate, Niklas Wahl, and Ludovic De Marzi. "2764: Development and validation of Very High Energy Electrons dose calculation in matRad TPS." Radiotherapy and Oncology 194 (May 2024): S3707—S3710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(24)02914-1.

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KALASHEV, O. E., V. A. KUZMIN, and D. V. SEMIKOZ. "ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS: PROPAGATION IN THE GALAXY AND ANISOTROPY." Modern Physics Letters A 16, no. 39 (2001): 2505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732301005990.

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We considered propagation of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECR) through the galaxy. We investigated models with sources of UHECR distributed in the same way as Cold Dark Matter (CDM) in a self-consistent way, taking into account both extra-galactic and Galactic contributions. Using a very simple toy model of galactic magnetic field we showed that in the case of galactic origin of UHECRs the anisotropy can reach considerable values. In the case of extragalactic UHECRs origin, the anisotropy appears to be nonvanishing only for electron and photon components due to synchrotron losses, but it c

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Slaughter, J. M., W. Weber, Gernot Güntherodt, and Charles M. Falco. "Quantitative Auger and XPS Analysis of Thin Films." MRS Bulletin 17, no. 12 (1992): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400046947.

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In 1925, P. Auger first observed the so-called Auger electrons in a Wilson cloud chamber. He explained this occurrence as being due to a radiationless transition in atoms excited by a primary x-ray photon source. In 1953, Lander first pointed out that Auger electrons arising from solid samples can be detected in the energy distribution curve of secondary electrons from surfaces subjected to electron bombardment. Moreover, low-energy Auger electrons (∼1 keV kinetic energy) can escape from only the first several atomic layers of a surface since they are strongly absorbed by even a monolayer of a

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Wu, Jin-tao, Ming-jun Feng, and Jian-hong Ruan. "Research on electron and positron spectrum in the high-energy region based on the gluon condensation model." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 10 (2023): 059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/10/059.

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Abstract Electron (positron), proton and nuclei can be accelerated to very high energy by local supernova remnants (SNR). The famous excesses of electron and proton (nuclei) potentially come from such kind of local sources. Recently, the DAMPE experiment measured the electron spectrum (including both electrons and positrons) of cosmic rays with high-accuracy. It provides an opportunity to further explore the excess of electrons. According to the gluon condensation (GC) theory, once GC occurs, huge number of gluons condense at a critical momentum, and the production spectra of electron and prot

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BOULWARE, C. H., J. D. JARVIS, H. L. ANDREWS, and C. A. BRAU. "NEEDLE CATHODES FOR HIGH-BRIGHTNESS BEAMS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 22, no. 22 (2007): 3784–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x07037421.

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At the tips of sharp needles, the surface electric field is enhanced by many orders of magnitude. This intensifies thermionic emission and photoemission of electrons through the Schottky effect, and reduces the effect of space charge. The increased current density improves the brightness of electron sources by orders of magnitude. In addition, at very high fields (>109 V/m ), field emission and photo-field emission produce very high current density. Arrays of needles can be used to achieve high total current.

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Cayley, James, Elette Engels, Tessa Charles, et al. "Establishing Linearity of the MOSkin Detector for Ultra-High Dose-per-Pulse, Very-High-Energy Electron Radiotherapy Using Dose-Rate-Corrected EBT-XD Film." Applied Sciences 15, no. 14 (2025): 8101. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15148101.

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Very-high-energy electrons, coupled with ultra-high dose rates, are being explored for their potential use in radiotherapy to treat deep-seated tumours. The dose per pulse needed to achieve ultra-high dose rates far exceeds the limit of current medical linear accelerator capabilities. A high dose per pulse has been observed as the limiting factor for many existing dosimeters, resulting in saturation at doses far below what is required. The MOSkin, an existing clinical quality assurance dosimeter, has previously been demonstrated as dose rate independent but has not been subjected to a high dos

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Phifer, D., L. Tuma, T. Vystavel, P. Wandrol, and R. J. Young. "Improving SEM Imaging Performance Using Beam Deceleration." Microscopy Today 17, no. 4 (2009): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929509000170.

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Beam Deceleration is a relatively simple method to reduce electron beam energy and improve imaging parameters such as resolution and contrast. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) uses a sharply focused electron beam to probe the specimen surface. The energy of the electrons forming such a probe is determined by the electrical potential of the electron source, referred to as accelerating voltage or high voltage (HV). No matter how many times the electrons are accelerated or decelerated inside the column, they leave the column with an energy corresponding to the high voltage. The high voltage

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Liu, Jingyue. "Contrast of Highly Dispersed Metal Nanoparticles in High-resolution Secondary Electron and Backscattered Electron Images of Supported Metal Catalysts." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, no. 4 (2000): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760200065x.

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AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles finely dispersed in activated carbon powders have been observed with high contrast in secondary electron (SE) and backscattered electron (BE) images. The factors that contribute to the visibility of small metal particles in high-resolution BE and SE images are discussed. Monte Carlo simulations provided insight into the scattering of electrons by small, heavy-element particles located on, or embedded in, light-element supports. The visibility of Pt nanoparticles in BE images depends on many factors including the size and the location of the Pt particles, the ener

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Liu, Jingyue. "Contrast of Highly Dispersed Metal Nanoparticles in High-resolution Secondary Electron and Backscattered Electron Images of Supported Metal Catalysts." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, no. 4 (2000): 388–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100050010033.

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Abstract Platinum nanoparticles finely dispersed in activated carbon powders have been observed with high contrast in secondary electron (SE) and backscattered electron (BE) images. The factors that contribute to the visibility of small metal particles in high-resolution BE and SE images are discussed. Monte Carlo simulations provided insight into the scattering of electrons by small, heavy-element particles located on, or embedded in, light-element supports. The visibility of Pt nanoparticles in BE images depends on many factors including the size and the location of the Pt particles, the ene

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