Relevant bibliographies by topics / Very low frequency radio wave propagation

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Very low frequency radio wave propagation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Very low frequency radio wave propagation"

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Schmitter, E. D. "Remote sensing planetary waves in the midlatitude mesosphere using low frequency transmitter signals." Annales Geophysicae 29, no. 7 (2011): 1287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-29-1287-2011.

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Abstract. Very low and low radio frequency (VLF/LF) propagation responds sensitively to the electron density distribution in the lower ionosphere (upper mesosphere). Whereas propagation paths crossing subpolar and polar regions are frequently affected by forcing from above by particle precipitations, mid- and lowlatitude paths let forcing from below be more prominent. Our observations (2009–2011) show, that the low frequency propagation conditions along the midlatitude path from Sicily to Germany (52° N 8° E) using the NSY 45.9 kHz transmitter (37° N 14° E) prove to be a good proxy of mesosphere planetary wave activity along the propagation path. High absorption events with VLF/LF propagation correlate to the well known winter time D-layer anomaly observed with high frequency (HF) radio waves. VLF/LF propagation calculations are presented which show that the radio signal amplitude variations can be modeled by planetary wave modulated collison frequency and electron density profiles. The other way around wave pressure amplitudes can be inferred from the VLF/LF data.
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Bajcetic, Jovan, Aleksandra Nina, Vladimir Cadez, and Branislav Todorovic. "Ionospheric D-region temperature relaxation and its influences on radio signal propagation after solar X-flares occurrence." Thermal Science 19, suppl. 2 (2015): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci141223084b.

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In this paper our attention is focused on relations between radio signal propagation characteristics and temperature changes in D-region after solar X-flare occurrence. We present temperature dependencies of electron plasma frequency, the parameter that describes medium conditions for propagation of an electromagnetic wave, and the refractive index which describes how this wave propagates. As an example for quantitative calculations based on obtained theoretical equations we choose the reaction of the D-region to the solar X-flare occurred on May 5th, 2010. The ionospheric modelling is based on the experimental data obtained by low ionosphere observations using very low frequency radio signal.
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Rapoport, Yuriy, Vladimir Grimalsky, Viktor Fedun, et al. "Model of the propagation of very low-frequency beams in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide: principles of the tensor impedance method in multi-layered gyrotropic waveguides." Annales Geophysicae 38, no. 1 (2020): 207–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-207-2020.

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Abstract. The modeling of very low-frequency (VLF) electromagnetic (EM) beam propagation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide (WGEI) is considered. A new tensor impedance method for modeling the propagation of electromagnetic beams in a multi-layered and inhomogeneous waveguide is presented. The waveguide is assumed to possess the gyrotropy and inhomogeneity with a thick cover layer placed above the waveguide. The influence of geomagnetic field inclination and carrier beam frequency on the characteristics of the polarization transformation in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide is determined. The new method for modeling the propagation of electromagnetic beams allows us to study the (i) propagation of the very low-frequency modes in the Earth–ionosphere waveguide and, in perspective, their excitation by the typical Earth–ionosphere waveguide sources, such as radio wave transmitters and lightning discharges, and (ii) leakage of Earth–ionosphere waveguide waves into the upper ionosphere and magnetosphere. The proposed approach can be applied to the variety of problems related to the analysis of the propagation of electromagnetic waves in layered gyrotropic and anisotropic active media in a wide frequency range, e.g., from the Earth–ionosphere waveguide to the optical waveband, for artificial signal propagation such as metamaterial microwave or optical waveguides.
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Marshall, R. A., and F. W. Menk. "Observations of Pc 3-4 and Pi 2 geomagnetic pulsations in the low-latitude ionosphere." Annales Geophysicae 17, no. 11 (1999): 1397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-999-1397-2.

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Abstract. Day-time Pc 3–4 (~5–60 mHz) and night-time Pi 2 (~5–20 mHz) ULF waves propagating down through the ionosphere can cause oscillations in the Doppler shift of HF radio transmissions that are correlated with the magnetic pulsations recorded on the ground. In order to examine properties of these correlated signals, we conducted a joint HF Doppler/magnetometer experiment for two six-month intervals at a location near L = 1.8. The magnetic pulsations were best correlated with ionospheric oscillations from near the F region peak. The Doppler oscillations were in phase at two different altitudes, and their amplitude increased in proportion to the radio sounding frequency. The same results were obtained for the O- and X-mode radio signals. A surprising finding was a constant phase difference between the pulsations in the ionosphere and on the ground for all frequencies below the local field line resonance frequency, independent of season or local time. These observations have been compared with theoretical predictions of the amplitude and phase of ionospheric Doppler oscillations driven by downgoing Alfvén mode waves. Our results agree with these predictions at or very near the field line resonance frequency but not at other frequencies. We conclude that the majority of the observations, which are for pulsations below the resonant frequency, are associated with downgoing fast mode waves, and models of the wave-ionosphere interaction need to be modified accordingly.Key words. Ionosphere (ionosphere irregularities) · Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphere-ionosphere interactions) · Radio science (ionospheric physics)
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Palit, S., T. Basak, S. K. Mondal, S. Pal, and S. K. Chakrabarti. "Modeling of very low frequency (VLF) radio wave signal profile due to solar flares using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation coupled with ionospheric chemistry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 18 (2013): 9159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-9159-2013.

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Abstract. X-ray photons emitted during solar flares cause ionization in the lower ionosphere (~60 to 100 km) in excess of what is expected to occur due to a quiet sun. Very low frequency (VLF) radio wave signals reflected from the D-region of the ionosphere are affected by this excess ionization. In this paper, we reproduce the deviation in VLF signal strength during solar flares by numerical modeling. We use GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation code to compute the rate of ionization due to a M-class flare and a X-class flare. The output of the simulation is then used in a simplified ionospheric chemistry model to calculate the time variation of electron density at different altitudes in the D-region of the ionosphere. The resulting electron density variation profile is then self-consistently used in the LWPC code to obtain the time variation of the change in VLF signal. We did the modeling of the VLF signal along the NWC (Australia) to IERC/ICSP (India) propagation path and compared the results with observations. The agreement is found to be very satisfactory.
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Palit, S., T. Basak, S. K. Mondal, S. Pal, and S. K. Chakrabarti. "Modeling of the Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio wave signal profile due to solar flares using the GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation coupled with ionospheric chemistry." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 3 (2013): 6007–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-6007-2013.

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Abstract. X-ray photons emitted during solar flares cause ionization in the lower ionosphere (~ 60 to 100 km) in excess of what is expected from a quiet sun. Very Low Frequency (VLF) radio wave signals reflected from the D region are affected by this excess ionization. In this paper, we reproduce the deviation in VLF signal strength during solar flares by numerical modeling. We use GEANT4 Monte Carlo simulation code to compute the rate of ionization due to a M-class and a X-class flare. The output of the simulation is then used in a simplified ionospheric chemistry model to calculate the time variation of electron density at different altitudes in the lower ionosphere. The resulting electron density variation profile is then self-consistently used in the LWPC code to obtain the time variation of the VLF signal change. We did the modeling of the VLF signal along the NWC (Australia) to IERC/ICSP (India) propagation path and compared the results with observations. The agreement is found to be very satisfactory.
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Ramesh, S., and T. Rama Rao. "Indoor channel characterization studies for V-band gigabit wireless communications using dielectric-loaded exponentially tapered slot antenna." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 8, no. 8 (2015): 1243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078715000781.

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Demands for very high-speed wireless communication access is rapidly growing with respect to the increasing data rates for the use of rich multimedia content in various applications of defense, enterprise, industrial, and public domains. To serve these gigabit fidelity (Gi-Fi) uses for various wireless applications, millimeter wave (MmW) wireless technology with huge bandwidth in licensed/unlicensed bands is triggering boundless avenues. In this research, the concept of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) and exponentially tapered slot (ETS) antenna are used together design a high-gain, efficient planar dielectric-loaded antenna for MmW-based Gi-Fi wireless communications using unlicensed 60 GHz band in the MmW family. The SIW is used to feed the antenna and a dielectric is utilized increasing the gain. The dielectric-loaded ETS antenna and compact SIW feed are fabricated on a single substrate, resulting in low cost and easy fabrication utilizing printed circuit board process. The measured gain of single-element antenna is 11.4 dB, with radiation efficiency of 96.84% at 60 GHz. Then indoor radio wave propagation studies are carried out using elliptically dielectric-loaded ETS antenna with radio frequency measurement equipment to measure and model propagation channels at 60 GHz. The attained simulations are compared with the experimental results.
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Zhang, PeiJin, Pietro Zucca, Sarrvesh Seethapuram Sridhar, et al. "Interferometric imaging with LOFAR remote baselines of the fine structures of a solar type-IIIb radio burst." Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037733.

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Context. Solar radio bursts originate mainly from high energy electrons accelerated in solar eruptions like solar flares, jets, and coronal mass ejections. A sub-category of solar radio bursts with short time duration may be used as a proxy to understand wave generation and propagation within the corona. Aims. Complete case studies of the source size, position, and kinematics of short term bursts are very rare due to instrumental limitations. A comprehensive multi-frequency spectroscopic and imaging study was carried out of a clear example of a solar type IIIb-III pair. Methods. In this work, the source of the radio burst was imaged with the interferometric mode, using the remote baselines of the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR). A detailed analysis of the fine structures in the spectrum and of the radio source motion with imaging was conducted. Results. The study shows how the fundamental and harmonic components have a significantly different source motion. The apparent source of the fundamental emission at 26.56 MHz displaces away from the solar disk center at about four times the speed of light, while the apparent source of the harmonic emission at the same frequency shows a speed of < 0.02 c. The source size of the harmonic emission observed in this case is smaller than that in previous studies, indicating the importance of the use of remote baselines.
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Zakariyah, Zulmi, Titon Dutono, Tri Budi Santoso, and Bustamir Arif. "FENOMENA SPORADIC E FREKUENSI 5.2 MHZ PADA KONDISI SOLAR MINIMUM TAHUN 2019." KLIK - KUMPULAN JURNAL ILMU KOMPUTER 7, no. 2 (2020): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/klik.v7i2.314.

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<p><em>High Frequency (HF) Communication is very dependent on the condition of the ionosphere which changes conditions over time. 2019 is a year with minimum solar conditions marked by a lack of solar cold spots. This condition can cause interference with the propagation path of radio waves in the ionosphere. In this research, a report on HF wave propagation observations is presented using a retrospective method to determine the sporadic E intensity at minimum solar conditions. Data retrieval is done by beacon / sounding system between radio stations by using a low power signal processing software that is Weak Signal Propagation Report (WSPR). Observations were made by building 2 radio stations in Surabaya (7.30S, 112.78E) as transmitter and radio stations in Jombang (7.61S, 112.31E) as receiver. Observations were carried out for one year from November 2018 until October 2019. During the observation process, a frequency of 5.2 MHz </em><em>is</em><em> used and the results showed that there were several days that described a favorable phenomenon for HF communication at close range (below 500 km), namely Sporadic E. During the observation it was obtained 8 times the Sporadic E phenomenon that is quite long with a time span of occurrence between 1 hour to 3 hours. Overall observations show that in May to August is the time when most Sporadic E phenomena occur. So from this </em><em>research,</em><em> it can be concluded that the sporadic E phenomenon can still occur when the sun enters the minimum solar conditions.</em></p><p><em><strong>Keywords</strong></em><em>: </em><em>HF, Solar Minimum, Ionospher, Sporadic E</em><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Komunikasi High Frequency (HF) sangat bergantung pada kondisi ionosfer yang mengalami perubahan kondisi dari waktu ke waktu. Tahun 2019 merupakan tahun dengan kondisi solar minimum yang ditandai dengan minimnya nilai titik dingin matahari. Kondisi ini dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada jalur propagasi gelombang radio di lapisan ionosfer. Pada penelitian ini, disajikan laporan pengamatan propagasi gelombang HF menggunakan metode retrospektif untuk mengetahui intensitas sporadic E saat kondisi solar minimum. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan sistem beacon / sounding antar stasiun radio dengan memanfaatkan software pengolahan sinyal daya rendah yaitu Weak Signal Propagation Report (WSPR). Pengamatan dilakukan dengan membangun 2 stasiun radio yang berada di Surabaya (7.30S, 112.78E) sebagai pemancar dan stasiun radio di Jombang (7.61S, 112.31E) sebagai penerima. Pengamatan dilakukan selama satu tahun dari bulan November 2018 sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2019. Pada proses pengamatan digunakan frekuensi 5.2 MHz dan hasilnya menunjukkan terdapat beberapa hari yang menggambarkan fenomena menguntungkan untuk komunikasi HF jarak dekat (dibawah 500 km) yaitu Sporadic E. Selama pengamatan telah didapatkan 8 kali fenomena Sporadic E yang cukup lama dengan rentang waktu kejadian antara 1 jam hingga 3 jam. Secara keseluruhan hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada bulan Mei hingga bulan Agustus merupakan waktu paling banyak terjadinya fenomena Sporadic E. Sehingga dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa fenomena sporadic E masih bisa terjadi ketika matahari memasuki kondisi solar minimum.</em></p><p><em><strong>Kata kunci</strong></em><em>: </em><em>HF, Solar Minimum, Ionosfer, Sporadic E</em></p>
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Milan, S. E., M. Lester, T. K. Yeoman, T. R. Robinson, M. V. Uspensky, and J. P. Villain. "HF radar observations of high-aspect angle backscatter from the E-region." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 3 (2004): 829–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-829-2004.

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Abstract. We present evidence for the observation of high-aspect angle HF radar backscatter from the auroral electrojets, and describe the spectral characteristics of these echoes. Such backscatter is observed at very near ranges where ionospheric refraction is not sufficient to bring the sounding radio waves to orthogonality with the magnetic field; the frequency dependence of this propagation effect is investigated with the Stereo upgrade of the CUTLASS Iceland radar. We term the occurrence of such echoes the "high-aspect angle irregularity region" or HAIR. It is suggested that backscatter is observed at aspect angles as high as 30°, with an aspect sensitivity as low as 1dB deg–1. These echoes are distinguished from normal electrojet backscatter by having low Doppler shifts with an azimuthal dependence that appears more consistent with the direction of the convection electric field than with the expected electron drift direction. This is discussed in terms of the linear theory dispersion relation for electrojet waves. Key words. Ionosphere (ionospheric irregularities; plasma waves and instabilities; auroral ionosphere)
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Very low frequency radio wave propagation"

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Bittle, James R. "2017 Full Solar Eclipse| Observations and LWPC Modeling of Very Low Frequency Electromagnetic Wave Propagation." Thesis, University of Colorado at Denver, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10843376.

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On August 21, 2017 a total solar eclipse occurred over the United States commencing on the west coast moving across to the east coast providing an opportunity to observe how the rapid day-night-day transition changed the ionosphere’s D-region electron density and how very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic wave propagation was affected. To observe the solar obscurity effects, VLF receivers were deployed in two locations: one in the path of totality in Lakeside, Nebraska and another south of the totality path in Hugo, Colorado. The locations were chosen to achieve an orthogonal geometry between the eclipse path and propagation path of U. S. Navy VLF transmitter in North Dakota, which operates at 25.2 kHz and has call sign NML. VLF amplitude and phase changes were observed in both Lakeside and Hugo during the eclipse. A negative phase change was observed at both receivers as solar obscuration progressively increased. The observed phase changes became positive as solar obscuration reduced. The opposite trend was observed for the amplitude of the transmitted signal: growth as max totality approached and decay during the shadow’s recession. The Long Wave Propagation Capability (LWPC) code developed by the US Navy was used to model the observations. LWPC is a modal solution finder for Earth-ionosphere waveguide propagation that takes into account the D-region density profile. In contrast to past efforts where a single ionosphere profile was assumed over the entire propagation path, a degree of spatial resolution along the path was sought here by solving for multiple segments of length 100-200 km along the path. LWPC modeling suggests that the effective reflection height changed from 71 km in the absence of the eclipse, to 78 km at the center of the path of totality during the total solar eclipse and is on agreement with past work.

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Elsden, Tom. "Numerical modelling of ultra low frequency waves in Earth's magnetosphere." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15663.

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Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves are a ubiquitous feature of Earth's outer atmosphere, known as the magnetosphere, having been observed on the ground for almost two centuries, and in space over the last 50 years. These waves represent small oscillations in Earth's magnetic field, most often as a response to the external influence of the solar wind. They are important for the transfer of energy throughout the magnetosphere and for coupling different regions together. In this thesis, various features of these oscillations are considered. A detailed background on the history and previous study of ULF waves relevant to our work is given in the introductory chapter. In the following chapters, we predominantly use numerical methods to model ULF waves, which are carefully developed and thoroughly tested. We consider the application of these methods to reports on ground and spaced based observations, which allows a more in depth study of the data. In one case, the simulation results provide evidence for an alternative explanation of the data to the original report, which displays the power of theoretical modelling. An analytical model is also constructed, which is tested on simulation data, to identify the incidence and reflection of a class of ULF wave in the flank magnetosphere. This technique is developed with the aim of future applications to satellite data. Further to this, we develop models both in Cartesian and dipole geometries to investigate some of the theoretical aspects of the coupling between various waves modes. New light is shed on the coupling of compressional (fast) and transverse (Alfvén) magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wave modes in a 3D dipole geometry. Overall, this thesis aims to develop useful numerical models, which can be used to aid in the interpretation of ULF wave observations, as well as probing new aspects of the existing wave theory.
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MAROUAN, YOUSSEF. "Etat de polarisation et caracteristiques de propagation moyennes d'emissions em naturelles dans un magnetoplasma froid : application aux donnees ebf du satellite aureol-3." Orléans, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ORLE2040.

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Observation supposee effectuee en un point fixe de l'espace. Cette observation consiste en la mesure simultanee d'au moins trois composantes du champ electromagnetique. Discussion des estimateurs du degre de polarisation proposes par samson. Simulation numerique. Identification experimentale des modes d'une onde multiple en propagation dans ce magnetoplasma (ou deux modes peuvent coexister), obtenue a partir des caracteristiques de polarisation des ondes. Application aux emissions tres basse frequence observees par satellite aureol-3
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Kamanzi, Janvier. "Development of a low energy cooling technology for a mobile satellite ground station." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1072.

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Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology:Electrical Engineering in the Faculty ofEngineering at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology Supervisor:Prof MTE KAHN Bellville December 2013
The work presented in this thesis consists of the simulation of a cooling plant for a future mobile satellite ground station in order to minimize the effects of the thermal noise and to maintain comfort temperatures onboard the same station. Thermal problems encountered in mobile satellite ground stations are a source of poor quality signals and also of the premature destruction of the front end microwave amplifiers. In addition, they cause extreme discomfort to the mission operators aboard the mobile station especially in hot seasons. The main concerns of effective satellite system are the quality of the received signal and the lifespan of the front end low noise amplifier (LNA). Although the quality of the signal is affected by different sources of noise observed at various stages of a telecommunication system, thermal noise resulting from thermal agitation of electrons generated within the LNA is the predominant type. This thermal noise is the one that affects the sensitivity of the LNA and can lead to its destruction. Research indicated that this thermal noise can be minimized by using a suitable cooling system. A moveable truck was proposed as the equipment vehicle for a mobile ground station. In the process of the cooling system development, a detailed quantitative study on the effects of thermal noise on the LNA was conducted. To cool the LNA and the truck, a 2 kW solar electric vapor compression system was found the best for its compliance to the IEA standards: clean, human and environment friendly. The principal difficulty in the development of the cooling system was to design a photovoltaic topology that would ensure the solar panels were always exposed to the sun, regardless the situation of the truck. Simulation result suggested that a 3.3 kW three sided pyramid photovoltaic topology would be the most effective to supply the power to the cooling system. A battery system rated 48 V, 41.6 Ah was suggested to be charged by the PV system and then supply the power to the vapor compression system. The project was a success as the objective of this project has been met and the research questions were answered.
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Books on the topic "Very low frequency radio wave propagation"

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K, Chakrabarti Sandip, ed. Propagation effects of very low frequency radio waves: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves, theory and observations, VELFRATO-10, Kolkata, India, 13-18 March 2010. American Institute of Physics, 2010.

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International Workshop on Coordinated Study of Very Low Frequency (VLF) Phenomena: Global Approach (1999 Bhopal, India). Very low frequency (VLF) phenomena: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Coordinated Study of Very Low Frequency (VLF) Phenomena: Global Approach, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, India (November 25-27, 1999). Edited by Hughes A. R. W, Ferencz Csaba 1941-, Gwal A. K, and Barkatullah University. Narosa Pub. House, 2003.

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Corporation, McCallie Mfg, ed. Low frequency radio and lightning detector projects. 2nd ed. The Corporation, 1995.

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D, Chakenov B., Leningradskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ universitet, and Institut ionosfery (Qazaq SSR ghylym akademii͡a︡sy), eds. Nizkochastotnyĭ volnovod "zemli͡a︡-ionosfera" =: The low frequency earth-ionosphere waveguide. "Gylym", 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Very low frequency radio wave propagation"

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Hendry, Aaron T., Mark A. Clilverd, Craig J. Rodger, and Mark J. Engebretson. "Ground-based very-low-frequency radio wave observations of energetic particle precipitation." In The Dynamic Loss of Earth's Radiation Belts. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813371-2.00008-1.

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Thomas, Michael E. "Optical Electromagnetics I." In Optical Propagation in Linear Media. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195091618.003.0005.

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In this chapter, the optical spectrum is defined and subdivided into many sub-bands, which are traditionally determined by transparency in various media. Propagation of the electromagnetic field in vacuum, as based on Maxwell’s equations, and basic notions of geometrical and physical optics, are covered. The theoretical and conceptual foundation of the remaining chapters is established in this chapter and the next. Optical electromagnetic propagation is generally and often accurately described by classical geometrical optics or ray optics. When diffraction or wave interference is of concern, then the more complete field of physical optics is used. Geometrical optics requires precise knowledge of the spatial and spectral dependence of the index of refraction. This requires electrodynamics, which is most appropriately described by quantum optics. These topics are covered in the first five chapters. The definitions of the optical spectrum and the various models for describing propagation are introduced in the following. The optical electromagnetic field covers the range of frequencies from microwaves to the ultraviolet (UV) or wavelengths from 10 cm to 100 nm. This is a very liberal definition covering six orders of magnitude, yet the description of propagation is very similar over this entire band, and distinct from radio-wave propagation and x-ray propagation. A listing of the nomenclature for the different spectral bands within the range of optical wavelengths is given in Table 1.1. Other commonly used units of spectral measure such as wave number, frequency, and energy are also listed in the table. These various quantities are related to wavelength by the following formulas: where c is the speed of light (c = 2.99792458 × 108 m/sec), λ is wavelength, f is frequency in hertz, E is energy, h is Planck’s constant (h = 6.6260755(40) × 10−34 J sec), and ν is frequency in wave numbers (the number of wavelengths per centimeter). Although wavelength is commonly used by applied scientists and engineers, frequency is the most appropriate unit for the theoretical description of light–matter interactions. Because of the importance of spectroscopy in the discussion of optical propagation, the spectroscopic unit of wave number will be consistently used.
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Debnath, Pampa, and Arpan Deyasi. "Transmission Line and Its Implementation." In Contemporary Developments in High-Frequency Photonic Devices. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8531-2.ch003.

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In unbounded media, wave propagation is supposed to be unguided. The existence of uniform plane wave is considered to be all through the space. Electromagnetic energy related with the wave stretched over a broad area. In TV and radio broadcasting, unbounded medium propagation of the wave is required. Here transmission of information is destined for one and all who may be interested. Another way of transmitting information is by guided media. Guided media acts to direct the transmission of energy from transmitter to receiver. Transmission lines are usually used in low frequency power distribution and in high frequency communications as well as in the ethernet and internet in computer networks. Two or more parallel conductors may be used to construct a transmission line, which connects source to a load. Typical transmission lines consist of coaxial line, waveguide, microstrip line, coplanar waveguide, etc. In this chapter, problems related with transmission lines are solved with the help of EM field theory and electric circuit theory.
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Deyasi, Arpan, Pampa Debnath, and Siddhartha Bhattacharyya. "Applications of Electromagnetic Bandgap Structure in Microwave Photonics." In Contemporary Developments in High-Frequency Photonic Devices. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8531-2.ch001.

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Microwave photonics is the arena of research in the 21st century due to ever-increasing ultra-large bandwidth and the meticulous availability of data with very low cost. In this context, conventional optoelectronic devices are replaced by novel photonic counterparts, both in transreceiver design as well as devices and systems. The major objective of this replacement is to reduce noise by means of lower scattering, where photons are only responsible for propagation of electromagnetic wave. With introduction of novel materials, low-loss communication system can now be designed at beyond THz range, mainly due to the physical realization of electromagnetic bandgap structure. This chapter is extended towards plasmonics with the intension of making sensors for beyond THz applications.
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Conference papers on the topic "Very low frequency radio wave propagation"

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Lynn, Kenneth J. W., and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "VLF Waveguide Propagation: The Basics." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512893.

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Pal, Sujay, S. K. Chakrabarti, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "Theoretical models for Computing VLF wave amplitude and phase and their applications." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512894.

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Ray, Suman, S. K. Chakrabarti, S. Sasmal, A. K. Choudhury, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "Correlelations between the Anomalous Behaviour of the Ionosphere and the Seismic Events for VTX-MALDA VLF Propagation." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512887.

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Hayakawa, M., and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "The use of subionospheric VLF∕LF propagation for the study of lower ionospheric perturbations associated with earthquakes." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512884.

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Patel, R. P., A. K. Singh, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "Different types of Very Low Frequency Emissions (VLF) Observed at Low Latitude Station Varanasi." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512896.

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Wani, M. R., Naseer Iqbal, Sudipta Sasmal, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "STUDIES OF VLF RADIO WAVES FOR SUDDEN IONOSPHERIC DISTURBANCES (SID) IN KASHMIR REGION." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512882.

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Raulin, Jean-Pierre, Fernando C. P. Bertoni, Hernan R. Gavilán, Jorge C. Samanes, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "Long-term and transient forcing of the low ionosphere monitored by SAVNET." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512872.

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Bertoni, F. C. P., J. P. Raulin, H. R. Gavilan, P. Kaufmann, T. E. Raymundo, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "Periodic and quiescent solar activity effects in the low ionosphere, using SAVNET data." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512878.

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Tanaka, Yasuyuki T., and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "VLF observations of magnetar flares." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512890.

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Kumar, Sushil, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. "Tweek atmospherics: Diagnostics Tools to Probe D-Region Ionosphere." In PROPAGATION EFFECTS OF VERY LOW FREQUENCY RADIO WAVES: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Science with Very Low Frequency Radio Waves: Theory and Observations. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3512873.

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