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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plants Fungicides

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Academic literature on the topic 'Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plants Fungicides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plants Fungicides"

1

Parent, Susan, and Annie Duval. "Pest and Disease Control for Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhiza (VAM) Pot-grown Plants." HortScience 30, no. 4 (1995): 877D—877. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.877d.

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Increased use of VAM for pot-grown cultures has sustained certain inquiries as to the compatibility of pesticides and biocontrol agents with this novel practice. Asparagus, Boston fern, geranium, and poinsettia were cultivated in a peat-based medium (SB-Mix) with various fungicides, insecticides, and insect predators. Each plant consisted of an individual trial. All treatments were randomly set up in a complete block experimental design consisting of a noninoculated control and pre-inoculated with Glomus intraradices, in combination with the different pesticides used for a given plant species. Commonly used pesticides in greenhouses were chosen, and the concentration applied was as recommended by the manufacturer. A control, consisting of water, was included with the pesticides tested. The effect of a given pesticide varied from one plant species to another concerning root colonization by the VAM and plant growth. The poinsettia growth results were significantly superior with the water-treated plants than with those that received insecticidal soap, dienochlor, and dicofol on a regular basis. Colonization rates, however, were low with all treatments, but significantly lower with oxine benzoate. Growth parameters and colonization rates of geranium, Boston fern, and asparagus showed no significant differences between water and pesticide treatments, even those treated with benomyl, which has been reported in the past to reduce colonization rates. These results show that a good pesticide and insect predator integration control program will not alter the VAM colonization rates.

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2

Guzman, G. S., I. C. A. Alvarez, and L. J. Farias. "Evaluation of Vesicular–Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Commercial Production of Silver King (Aglaonema commutatum L.) Plants." HortScience 31, no. 4 (1996): 680b—680. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.680b.

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In the commercial production of silver king plants and other ornate plants, the substrates are treated with fungicides, which affect the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi and the plant growth negatively. The restoration of de VAM fungi to the substrate, after its disinfection, might improvement the development. The effectiveness and infectiveness of Glomus fasciculatum and Glomus aggregatum on silver king (Aglaonema commutatum) plants was evaluated in this work. Seedlings of 4-week-old, growing treated with mancozeb, were removed and planted in pots filled with a disinfected mixture of sand soil, cow manure and coconut powder (1:2:2), containing the inoculum of VAM fungi (soil with spores and colonized roots). After 3 and 4 months of the inoculation, plants were removed and dry weight of roots and shoot, number and length of leaves, and mycorrhizal colonization were evaluated. A better development was showed in plants inoculated, resulting highest values in number and length of leaves in relation to control plants. Both VAM fungi improvement the number and length of leaves. The percentage root length colonized (80%) and visual density of endophyte in roots was highest in plants inoculated with Glomus aggregatum in both sampling period.

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Makus, D. J. "Preliminary Observations on Particle Film and Mycorrhizae Use in Tomato Production." HortScience 35, no. 4 (2000): 555C—555b. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.555c.

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Kaolin cover sprays and mycorrhizal inoculation of tomatoes at transplanting were evaluated for their efficacy in improving tomato plant water status and agronomic performance in a supraoptimal, semiarid environment. Seven-week-old `Heatmaster' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were transplanted with or without a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant (Gomes intaradices Schenk & Smith) on 19 Feb. 99 into a Raymondville clay loam soil in Weslaco, Texas (lat. 26°12′). One-half of the inoculated and one-half of the uninoculated plants were sprayed between 16 Mar. and 1 June with seven applications of the kaolin-based particle film “Surround.” The trickle-irrigated plots were 5.6 m2 in size and treatments replicated four times in a RCB design. Commercial cultural practices were followed, but no fungicides were used. Results indicated that mycorrhizal inoculation tended to accelerate fruit maturation and that particle film applications delayed fruit development relative to the control treatment. Mycorrhizal (only) treated plants had the highest yields at the second (of eight) harvests compared to the other treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments in leaf temperature, diffusive resistance, transpiration rate, water potential, and soil profile moisture, except between sampling dates. Fruit mineral nutrients, pigments, dry matter, average weight, total marketable and total season yields were not significantly affected by any treatment. When fruits were sectioned into proximal and distal halves, 10 out of the 14 nutrients measured, in addition to dry matter, and total carotenoids were higher in the distal end.

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4

Parvathi, K., K. Venkateswarlu, and A. S. Rao. "Toxicity of soil-applied fungicides and gypsum to the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae in groundnut." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 9 (1985): 1673–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-232.

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The effects of four commonly used commercial formulations of contact fungicides (pentachloronitrobenzene, captan, captafol, and mancozeb) and gypsum on the vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal development of Glomus mosseae (Nic. & Gerd.) Gerd. & Trappe in groundnut were studied. Drenching the soil with pentachloronitrobenzene or gypsum at the time of seed sowing significantly inhibited the colonization and sporulation by the fungus; the other fungicides were less toxic. Captan, a widely used fungicide, was least inhibitory on development of the fungus. Pentachloronitrobenzene, gypsum, and captafol treatments significantly reduced the plant biomass.

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5

Bentivenga, S. P., and B. A. D. Hetrick. "Relationship between mycorrhizal activity, burning, and plant productivity in tallgrass prairie." Canadian Journal of Botany 69, no. 12 (1991): 2597–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b91-323.

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The impact of benomyl fungicide and spring burning on mycorrhizal activity and plant growth was assessed in tallgrass prairie in Kansas. We report for the first time that the productivity of mycotrophic plants can be reduced by inhibition of indigenous vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi under field conditions. A vital stain, nitro blue tetrazolium, used to assess active mycorrhizal colonization, proved to be a more sensitive measure of treatment effects than the cell wall stain, trypan blue. Burning stimulated both plant growth and active mycorrhizal colonization. However, by 32 days after burning no differences in colonization were detected. Our observations support the hypothesis that mycorrhizal fungi play an important role in the growth of warm-season tallgrass prairie grasses and may contribute to enhanced plant growth of warm-season tallgrass prairie grasses and may contribute to enchanced plant growth following spring burning. Key words: burning, benomyl fungicide, phosphorus, tallgrass prairie, VA mycorrhizae, warm-season grasses.

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Logan, VS, PJ Clarke, and WG Allaway. "Mycorrhizas and Root Attributes of Plants of Coastal Sand-Dunes of New South Wales." Functional Plant Biology 16, no. 1 (1989): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp9890141.

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Root samples of 41 sand-dune plant species in 28 families were collected from sites along the coast of New South Wales during spring 1987. Of the species, 36 had vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas, with vesicles and internal and external hyphae. Among these species there was great variation in the pro- portion of root length colonised by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (from 1 to 96%); in 33 species over 10% of root length was infected. Of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal species, 21 showed arbuscules, and 16 had intracellular hyphal coils. In four plant species mycorrhizas were not found in the single samples examined; ericoid mycorrhizas were present in the remaining species, Leucopogon parviflorus, but its vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status could not be assessed. The results, though preliminary, may reflect a high vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal status of vegetation of coastal sand-dunes of New South Wales. This would be likely to enhance plant nutrition and sandbinding, and to have implications for sand-dune management.

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Borowicz, Victoria A. "Effects of benomyl, clipping, and competition on growth of prereproductive Lotus corniculatus." Canadian Journal of Botany 71, no. 9 (1993): 1169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b93-137.

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Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, defoliation, and competition can influence survival, growth, and fecundity of plants, but the combined effects of these factors are not well known. I examined how combinations of these factors influence biomass allocation and investment in root nodules by prereproductive Lotus corniculatus and whether the effects were ephemeral. Soil with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi was treated with the fungicide benomyl or water and added to trays containing two L. corniculatus or one L. corniculatus and one Brassica napus (a nonmycotrophic species). Leaves of target L. corniculatus were undamaged or clipped five times over 40 days. Plants were harvested 5, 18, or 36 days after last clipping. Interspecific competition was the dominant effect at all harvests: B. napus greatly depressed growth of its neighbor. Benomyl depressed VAM colonization only in the first harvest, and growth reduction associated with depressed colonization diminished over time. Clipping reduced growth most in plants paired with conspecifics, but growth depression was transient. Benomyl and clipping reduced mass of root nodules in the first harvest. Benomyl reduced root mass in nontarget (competitor) L. corniculatus, but plants recovered with time. Neither benomyl nor clipping of the target plant affected B. napus. Interactions were few, indicating that the effects of factors were mostly additive. Key words: VAM fungi, resource allocation, nonmycotrophic competitor.

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8

SHI, Zhaoyong, Yongming WANG, Shouxia XU, et al. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Enhance Plant Diversity, Density and Productivity of Spring Ephemeral Community in Desert Ecosystem." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 45, no. 1 (2017): 301–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha45110766.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form intimate associations with the roots of about 85% of all terrestrial plants, and can greatly increase a plant’s uptake of soil nutrients and have been shown to influence plant diversity in several ecosystems. A lot of studies have reported the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizas on plant density, species diversity, richness and productivity in desert herbland in Gurbantonggut desert, China. Here, we conduct a mycorrhizal functional study by suppressing AM fungi by applying the fungicide benomyl as a soil drench in soil cores and field in-situ experiment. The mycorrhiza-responsiveness of the dominant species Erodium oxyrrhynchum is assessed in intact soil cores containing the indigenous AM fungi. The soil-cores experiment displayed E. oxyrrhynchum to have a significant positive shoot and root growth response, and this is in response to the abundance of the indigenous AM fungal colonisation. The field experiment indicates the total aboveground dry biomass is negatively influenced by the suppression of AM fungi, though, no significant effect produced in the dominant and common plant species. The fungal suppression also affected density, species diversity and richness. The density of non-mycorrhizal plant Alyssum linifolium increases significantly in the treatment of suppressed AM fungi. The spore density decreases significantly in benomyl-treated plots. Our results showed that AM fungi were very important in desert ecosystem for the maintaining of plant biodiversity, richness and productivity.

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9

von Alten, H., A. Lindemann, and F. Schönbeck. "Stimulation of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza by fungicides or rhizosphere bacteria." Mycorrhiza 2, no. 4 (1993): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00210586.

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10

MARIN, M., M. YBARRA, and A. FÉ. "Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and pesticides on Cynara cardunculus growth." Agricultural and Food Science 11, no. 3 (2002): 245–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.5728.

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Wild cardoon (Cynara cardunculus L.) is a promising crop for biomass production. A nursery trial was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation on the biomass yield of wild cardoon seedlings and the effect of the pesticides fosetyl-Al, folpet and propamocarb, as fungicides, and isofenphos, phoxim and oxamyl, as insecticides, on cardoon plant growth and the mycorrhization. The arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inocula were: commercial inoculum with Glomus mosseae spores, and an inoculum of a Glomus sp. strain (AMF-i) isolated locally. Mycorrhizal inoculation with either inoculum increased cardoon shoot biomass compared to non-inoculated control plants. The pesticide applications had a neutral or positive effect on cardoon seedling growth. However, the AM fungi colonisation did not decrease except for plants colonised by G. mosseae and treated with the insecticides isofenphos and oxamyl. Thus, the mycorrhiza can survive to pesticide concentrations employed in commercial nursery, and enhance cardoon plant productivity.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plants Fungicides"

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Sukarno, Nampiah. "Effects of selected fungicides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis." Title page, contents and summary only, 1994. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs948.pdf.

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Francis, R. "The biology of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas with special reference to their role in nutrient transfer between plants." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.380957.

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3

Wu, Fuyong. "Colonization and species diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and their efffects on metal tolerance and metal accumulation in two metal hyperaccumulators, Pteris vittata L. and Sedum alfredii Hance." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/931.

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Gasch-Salava, Caley. "Comparison of vegetation, soil, and AM fungal activity in native and exotic annual brome dominated Wyoming rangeland." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1594494571&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Workman, Rachael Elizabeth. "Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Infection and Common Mycelial Network Formation on Invasive Plant Competition." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2025.

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Understanding the biotic factors influencing invasive plant performance is essential for managing invaded land and preventing further exotic establishment and spread. I studied how competition between both conspecifics and native co-habitants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) impacted the success of the invasive bunchgrass Brachypodium sylvaticumin early growth stages. I examined whether invasive plants performed and competed differently when grown in soil containing AMF from adjacent invaded and noninvaded ranges in order to determine the contribution of AMF to both monoculture stability and spread of the invasive to noninvaded territory. I also directly manipulated common mycelial network (CMN) formation by AMF to determine hyphal network contribution to competitive interactions. I found that invasive plants performed most poorly (as indicated by decreased chlorophyll content, size and shoot dry mass) in invaded range soil against conspecifics. This could be two-pronged evidence for existing biotic pressure on the invasives to expand into adjacent noninvaded ranges. I also found a negative effect of AMF colonization and invasive plant performance, potentially indicating deleterious plant-soil feedbacks which could help maintain plant biodiversity at a community level. CMN effects were found to be interactive with root competition and directly affected the performance and nutrient status of B. sylvaticum. Although no direct correlations between AMF colonization levels and competition were found, CMN presence contributed significantly to plant growth and nutrient status. Therefore AMF, through infection and CMN formation, may be able to influence invasive plant growth and spread in the field.

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Tbaileh, Tarek. "Effect of Azoxystrobin and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Colonization on Four Non-Target Plant Species." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23550.

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Azoxystrobin (AZY), a systemic broad-spectrum fungicide, is applied on crops to control soil-borne pathogenic fungi. This study aimed to determine the effects of AZY on non-target plant species and Glomus intraradices Schenck & Smith, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) associated with plants' roots. We hypothesized that AZY negatively affects AMF viability; and that, if the plants were dependent on this symbiosis, AZY exerts an indirect detrimental effect on plant growth. To test this, three mycotrophic (Phalaris arundinacea L., Solidago canadense L., Geum canadense Jacq.) and one non-mycotrophic (Chenopodium album L.) native plant species were subjected to five AZY doses with or without AMF. Plants were grown for 60 days in a greenhouse, in individual pots, (4 plants X 2 AMF X 5 AZY X 6 replicates), and mesocosms (1 mes. X 2 AMF X 5 AZY X 6 replicates), and harvested 30 days after spraying, and dry mass was taken. Fresh root samples were used for microscopic assessment of AMF colonization. The results from the individual pot experiment show that the effects of AZY on biomass varied across plant species. AZY led to a significant increase in shoot and root mass of P. arundinacea, and a decrease in shoot mass of AMF inoculated G. canadense. The presence of AMF resulted in a significant increase in root and shoot mass of P. arundinacea, and an increase in root mass of S. canadense and shoot mass of C. album. In the mesocosm experiment AZY did not have a significant effect on the measured parameters, although the presence of AMF significantly increased root, shoot, and total dry mass of G. canadense and P. arundinacea. Conversely, AMF significantly decreased shoot and total dry mass of S. canadense. The results suggest that both direct and indirect effects should be taken into account when assessing the impact of pesticides on non-target plant species.

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Leung, Ho Man Homan. "Interactions of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with an arsenic hyperaccumulator plant (pteris vittata) on the uptake of arsenic." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2008. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/945.

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Chan, Wai Fung. "The roles of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in arsenic uptake and tolerance of upland rice." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1257.

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Guillon, Christopher. "Systemic alteration of defense-related gene transcript levels in mycorrhizal bean plants infected with Rhizoctonia solani." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33767.

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A time course study was conducted to monitor disease development and expression of the defense-related genes phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), chalcone isomerase (CHI), and hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (HRGP) in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) plants colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus Glomus intraradices , and post-infected with the soil-borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani. Pre-colonization of bean plants by the AM fungus did not significantly reduce the severity of rot symptoms. RNA blot analysis revealed a systemic increase in transcript levels of the four defense-related genes in response to R. solani infection. On the other hand, pre-colonization of bean plants with G. intraradices elicited no change in PAL, CHS and CHI transcripts, but an increase of HRGP transcripts in leaves was detected. A differential and systemic alteration in the expression of all four defense genes was observed in AM beans post-infected with R. solani. Depending on the time after infection with R. solani and the tissue examined, varying responses from stimulation, suppression, to no change in transcript levels were detected.

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Podrebarac, Frances Ann. "The Relative Nitrogen Fixation Rate and Colonization of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Iron Deficient Soybeans." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29600.

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Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr.) are a symbiont of two beneficial associations: biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Within the Northern Great Plains of the USA, iron deficiency chlorosis (IDC) of soybean is a yield-limiting factor. The effects of IDC on BNF and AMF are not well defined. This study was conducted to determine the effects of IDC on BNF and AMF. A laboratory study was performed to compare three methods of measuring ureide-N, a product of BNF in soybeans. Field studies in soybean were performed at three locations at eastern N011h Dakota. The experimental design was a factorial combination of three cultivars and three treatments. The three cultivars, in order of decreasing chlorosis susceptibility, were NuTech NT-0886, Roughrider Genetics RG 607, and Syngenta S01-C9 RR. The three treatments were control, Sorghum bicolor L. companion crop planted with the soybean seed, and FeEDDHA applied with the soybean seed. Chlorosis severity was the greatest and least for the NuTech and Syngenta cultivars, respectively. The FeEDDHA treatment decreased chlorosis severity. Ureide levels were abnormally high in plants severely stunted by JDC. The excess accumulation of ureides in IDC-stunted plants suggests that plant growth was reduced more than the rate of nitrogen fixation. The AMF population \vas at an adequate level at all locations and not affected by cultivar or treatment, in general. In the laboratory study, the Patterson et al. method had greater ureide concentrations due to the non-specific measuring of ammonium compounds compared to the Vogels and Van der Drift and Goos methods.<br>North Dakota Soybean Council

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Books on the topic "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plants Fungicides"

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(Editor), A. K. Sharma, A. K. Shaxena (Editor), and B. N. Johri (Editor), eds. Arbuscular Mycorrhizae: Interactions in Plants, Rhizospere, and Soils. Science Publishers, 2002.

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1944-, Safir Gene R., ed. Ecophysiology of VA mycorrhizal plants. CRC Press, 1987.

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Wilms, Carl Evatt. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal interactions with plants associated with fertilizer and municipal sewage sludge. 1987.

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Wilms, Carl Evatt. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal interactions with plants associated with fertilizer and municipal sewage sludge. 1987.

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Auge, Robert M. VA mycorrhizae alter water relations and drought resistance of cultivated rose. 1986.

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Roberts, Christine. Spatial relationships of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, soil fauna and soil nutrients in the juniper-sagebrush-grass communities of central Oregon. 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Plants Fungicides"

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Smith, Hilary F., Patrick J. O’Connor, Sally E. Smith, and F. Andrew Smith. "Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas of durian and other plants of forest gardens in West Kalimantan, Indonesia." In Soils of Tropical Forest Ecosystems. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03649-5_22.

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Govindu, Dayakar, Anusha Duvva, and Srinivas Podeti. "Mycorrhizae Applications in Sustainable Forestry." In Mycorrhizal Fungi - Utilization in Agriculture and Industry [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94580.

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association is the most common symbiotic association of plants with microbes. AM fungi occur in the majority of natural habitats and they provide a range of important biological services, in particular by improving plant nutrition, abiotic resistance, and soil structure and fertility. AM fungi also interact with most crop varieties and forest plants. The possible benefit of AM fungi in forestry can be achieved through a combination of inoculum methods. The mycorrhizal inoculum levels in the soil and their colonization in different forest plant roots which leads to reduce the fertilizers, pathogen effects and fungicides and to protect topsoil, soil erosion, and water-logging. Currently, several reports were suggested that AM symbiosis can improve the potential for different plant species. Two steps could be used to produce high yielding of different plant biomass that would be both mycorrhizal dependency and suitability for sowing into the field with high inoculum levels Therefore, the wide-scale inoculation of AM fungi on forest trees will become economically important. The successful research is required in the area of mass production of AM fungal inoculum and AM fungi associated with roots which will contribute to sustainable forestry.

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