Academic literature on the topic 'Vespertilionidae bats'
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Journal articles on the topic "Vespertilionidae bats"
1
Hoofer, Steven R., and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche. "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Chiropteran Family Vespertilionidae." Acta Chiropterologica 5, supplement (2003): 1–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439159.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Limited information from existing data sets and the tremendous amount of diversity in number and kind within the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae (about one-third of all bat species) have hampered efforts to provide adequate assessments of long-standing genealogic hypotheses (e.g., monophyly of the family and of the five subfamilies). We generated approximately 2.6 kilobase pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence ecompassing three adjacent genes (12S rRNA, tRNA{\super Val}, 16S rRNA) for 120 vespertilionids representing 110 species, 37 of 44 genera, and all subfamilies. We assessed monophyly of Vespertilionidae in initial analysis of 171 taxa including representatives of all bat families (except the monotypic Craseonycteridae), and assessed lower-level relationships by analysis of several truncated taxon sets. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal gene sequences provides well-supported resolution for vespertilionid relationships across taxonomic levels. Furthermore, the resolution is not heavily burdened by alignment of ambiguous regions of the ribosomal gene sequences, and topologies and levels of support produced by two phylogenetic methods (Bayesian and Parsimony) agreed markedly. Our analyses suggest relationships that support many parts of the traditional classification but which also support several changes. The majority of these changes also receives support from other data sources, particularly bacular and karyotypic data. We make more than 20 taxonomic conclusions or recommendations and conscruct a working classification for vespertilionid bats. Highlights include: Miniopterus (subfamily Miniopterinae) is recognized in its own family, Miniopteridae, as it represents an extremely divergent lineage relative to other vespertilionids, and in some analyses is sister to the molossids and natalids; all other vespertilionids examined form a well-supported clase; two of the traditional subfamilies within Vespertilionidae (sensu stricto) are monophyletic, Murininae and Kerivoulinae; Nyctophilinae has no validity and Vespertilioninae is paraphyletic relative to the position of Myotis; Myotis is sister to a clade containing Kerivoulinae and Murininae and is recognized in its own subfamily, Myotinae; Myotis subgenera Leuconoe, Selysius, and Myotis are polyphyletic, and a subgeneric classification reflecting geography is suggested, broadening subgenus Myotis to include the sampled Old World species, and allocating the sampled New World species to another subgenus Aeorestes Fitzingern, 1870); Vespertilioninae (excluding Myotis is monophyletic; Pipistrellus-like bats (i.e., the traditional tribe Vespertilionini) are divided into three tribes (Nycticeiini; Pipistrellini; Vespertlionini); and support for three tribes of Pipistrellus-like bats has several implications at the genus level. Overall, this study offers a robust working hypothesis for vespertilionid relationships and provides a good starting point for new investigations into the evolutionary history of Vespertilionidae
2
Hoofer, Steven R., and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche. "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Chiropteran Family Vespertilionidae." Acta Chiropterologica 5, supplement (2003): 1–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439159.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Limited information from existing data sets and the tremendous amount of diversity in number and kind within the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae (about one-third of all bat species) have hampered efforts to provide adequate assessments of long-standing genealogic hypotheses (e.g., monophyly of the family and of the five subfamilies). We generated approximately 2.6 kilobase pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence ecompassing three adjacent genes (12S rRNA, tRNA{\super Val}, 16S rRNA) for 120 vespertilionids representing 110 species, 37 of 44 genera, and all subfamilies. We assessed monophyly of Vespertilionidae in initial analysis of 171 taxa including representatives of all bat families (except the monotypic Craseonycteridae), and assessed lower-level relationships by analysis of several truncated taxon sets. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal gene sequences provides well-supported resolution for vespertilionid relationships across taxonomic levels. Furthermore, the resolution is not heavily burdened by alignment of ambiguous regions of the ribosomal gene sequences, and topologies and levels of support produced by two phylogenetic methods (Bayesian and Parsimony) agreed markedly. Our analyses suggest relationships that support many parts of the traditional classification but which also support several changes. The majority of these changes also receives support from other data sources, particularly bacular and karyotypic data. We make more than 20 taxonomic conclusions or recommendations and conscruct a working classification for vespertilionid bats. Highlights include: Miniopterus (subfamily Miniopterinae) is recognized in its own family, Miniopteridae, as it represents an extremely divergent lineage relative to other vespertilionids, and in some analyses is sister to the molossids and natalids; all other vespertilionids examined form a well-supported clase; two of the traditional subfamilies within Vespertilionidae (sensu stricto) are monophyletic, Murininae and Kerivoulinae; Nyctophilinae has no validity and Vespertilioninae is paraphyletic relative to the position of Myotis; Myotis is sister to a clade containing Kerivoulinae and Murininae and is recognized in its own subfamily, Myotinae; Myotis subgenera Leuconoe, Selysius, and Myotis are polyphyletic, and a subgeneric classification reflecting geography is suggested, broadening subgenus Myotis to include the sampled Old World species, and allocating the sampled New World species to another subgenus Aeorestes Fitzingern, 1870); Vespertilioninae (excluding Myotis is monophyletic; Pipistrellus-like bats (i.e., the traditional tribe Vespertilionini) are divided into three tribes (Nycticeiini; Pipistrellini; Vespertlionini); and support for three tribes of Pipistrellus-like bats has several implications at the genus level. Overall, this study offers a robust working hypothesis for vespertilionid relationships and provides a good starting point for new investigations into the evolutionary history of Vespertilionidae
3
Hoofer, Steven R., and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche. "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Chiropteran Family Vespertilionidae." Acta Chiropterologica 5, supplement (2003): 1–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439159.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Limited information from existing data sets and the tremendous amount of diversity in number and kind within the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae (about one-third of all bat species) have hampered efforts to provide adequate assessments of long-standing genealogic hypotheses (e.g., monophyly of the family and of the five subfamilies). We generated approximately 2.6 kilobase pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence ecompassing three adjacent genes (12S rRNA, tRNA{\super Val}, 16S rRNA) for 120 vespertilionids representing 110 species, 37 of 44 genera, and all subfamilies. We assessed monophyly of Vespertilionidae in initial analysis of 171 taxa including representatives of all bat families (except the monotypic Craseonycteridae), and assessed lower-level relationships by analysis of several truncated taxon sets. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal gene sequences provides well-supported resolution for vespertilionid relationships across taxonomic levels. Furthermore, the resolution is not heavily burdened by alignment of ambiguous regions of the ribosomal gene sequences, and topologies and levels of support produced by two phylogenetic methods (Bayesian and Parsimony) agreed markedly. Our analyses suggest relationships that support many parts of the traditional classification but which also support several changes. The majority of these changes also receives support from other data sources, particularly bacular and karyotypic data. We make more than 20 taxonomic conclusions or recommendations and conscruct a working classification for vespertilionid bats. Highlights include: Miniopterus (subfamily Miniopterinae) is recognized in its own family, Miniopteridae, as it represents an extremely divergent lineage relative to other vespertilionids, and in some analyses is sister to the molossids and natalids; all other vespertilionids examined form a well-supported clase; two of the traditional subfamilies within Vespertilionidae (sensu stricto) are monophyletic, Murininae and Kerivoulinae; Nyctophilinae has no validity and Vespertilioninae is paraphyletic relative to the position of Myotis; Myotis is sister to a clade containing Kerivoulinae and Murininae and is recognized in its own subfamily, Myotinae; Myotis subgenera Leuconoe, Selysius, and Myotis are polyphyletic, and a subgeneric classification reflecting geography is suggested, broadening subgenus Myotis to include the sampled Old World species, and allocating the sampled New World species to another subgenus Aeorestes Fitzingern, 1870); Vespertilioninae (excluding Myotis is monophyletic; Pipistrellus-like bats (i.e., the traditional tribe Vespertilionini) are divided into three tribes (Nycticeiini; Pipistrellini; Vespertlionini); and support for three tribes of Pipistrellus-like bats has several implications at the genus level. Overall, this study offers a robust working hypothesis for vespertilionid relationships and provides a good starting point for new investigations into the evolutionary history of Vespertilionidae
4
Hoofer, Steven R., and Ronald A. Van Den Bussche. "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Chiropteran Family Vespertilionidae." Acta Chiropterologica 5, supplement (2003): 1–63. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13439159.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Limited information from existing data sets and the tremendous amount of diversity in number and kind within the chiropteran family Vespertilionidae (about one-third of all bat species) have hampered efforts to provide adequate assessments of long-standing genealogic hypotheses (e.g., monophyly of the family and of the five subfamilies). We generated approximately 2.6 kilobase pairs of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence ecompassing three adjacent genes (12S rRNA, tRNA{\super Val}, 16S rRNA) for 120 vespertilionids representing 110 species, 37 of 44 genera, and all subfamilies. We assessed monophyly of Vespertilionidae in initial analysis of 171 taxa including representatives of all bat families (except the monotypic Craseonycteridae), and assessed lower-level relationships by analysis of several truncated taxon sets. Phylogenetic analysis of ribosomal gene sequences provides well-supported resolution for vespertilionid relationships across taxonomic levels. Furthermore, the resolution is not heavily burdened by alignment of ambiguous regions of the ribosomal gene sequences, and topologies and levels of support produced by two phylogenetic methods (Bayesian and Parsimony) agreed markedly. Our analyses suggest relationships that support many parts of the traditional classification but which also support several changes. The majority of these changes also receives support from other data sources, particularly bacular and karyotypic data. We make more than 20 taxonomic conclusions or recommendations and conscruct a working classification for vespertilionid bats. Highlights include: Miniopterus (subfamily Miniopterinae) is recognized in its own family, Miniopteridae, as it represents an extremely divergent lineage relative to other vespertilionids, and in some analyses is sister to the molossids and natalids; all other vespertilionids examined form a well-supported clase; two of the traditional subfamilies within Vespertilionidae (sensu stricto) are monophyletic, Murininae and Kerivoulinae; Nyctophilinae has no validity and Vespertilioninae is paraphyletic relative to the position of Myotis; Myotis is sister to a clade containing Kerivoulinae and Murininae and is recognized in its own subfamily, Myotinae; Myotis subgenera Leuconoe, Selysius, and Myotis are polyphyletic, and a subgeneric classification reflecting geography is suggested, broadening subgenus Myotis to include the sampled Old World species, and allocating the sampled New World species to another subgenus Aeorestes Fitzingern, 1870); Vespertilioninae (excluding Myotis is monophyletic; Pipistrellus-like bats (i.e., the traditional tribe Vespertilionini) are divided into three tribes (Nycticeiini; Pipistrellini; Vespertlionini); and support for three tribes of Pipistrellus-like bats has several implications at the genus level. Overall, this study offers a robust working hypothesis for vespertilionid relationships and provides a good starting point for new investigations into the evolutionary history of Vespertilionidae
5
Lack, Justin B., and Den Bussche Ronald A. Van. "Identifying the confounding factors in resolving phylogenetic relationships in Vespertilionidae." Journal of Mammalogy 91, no. 6 (2010): 1435–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13416877.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Resolving phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilionidae has been difficult, with large data sets (.100 taxa, .7 kilobases) resolving portions of the phylogeny but leaving intertribal relationships within the Vespertilioninae unresolved. As a result the evolutionary history of the most speciose chiropteran family is largely unknown. The presence of short internodes followed by long terminal branches relative to other chiropteran phylogenies suggests that evolutionary rates of DNA substitution and lineage diversification could be inhibiting phylogenetic resolution. To test this hypothesis we obtained sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 12s rRNA, tRNAVAL, and 16s rRNA, and the nuclear exon RAG2, resulting in more than 3 kilobases of digenomic DNA sequence data for representatives of all subfamilies and tribes within Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae, a family of bats that radiated at approximately the same time as Vespertilionidae. Analyses revealed that substitution rates for Vespertilionidae were significantly higher than those for Phyllostomidae, with the majority of fast-evolving lineages found within Vespertilioninae. Cladogenesis analyses characterized the vespertilionid radiation as compressed toward the root, with a rapid initial diversification, but the phyllostomid diversification was much more gradual. We suggest that ecological differences between tropical and temperate environments could have influenced diversification rates for Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-354.1.
6
Lack, Justin B., and Den Bussche Ronald A. Van. "Identifying the confounding factors in resolving phylogenetic relationships in Vespertilionidae." Journal of Mammalogy 91, no. 6 (2010): 1435–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13416877.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Resolving phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilionidae has been difficult, with large data sets (.100 taxa, .7 kilobases) resolving portions of the phylogeny but leaving intertribal relationships within the Vespertilioninae unresolved. As a result the evolutionary history of the most speciose chiropteran family is largely unknown. The presence of short internodes followed by long terminal branches relative to other chiropteran phylogenies suggests that evolutionary rates of DNA substitution and lineage diversification could be inhibiting phylogenetic resolution. To test this hypothesis we obtained sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 12s rRNA, tRNAVAL, and 16s rRNA, and the nuclear exon RAG2, resulting in more than 3 kilobases of digenomic DNA sequence data for representatives of all subfamilies and tribes within Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae, a family of bats that radiated at approximately the same time as Vespertilionidae. Analyses revealed that substitution rates for Vespertilionidae were significantly higher than those for Phyllostomidae, with the majority of fast-evolving lineages found within Vespertilioninae. Cladogenesis analyses characterized the vespertilionid radiation as compressed toward the root, with a rapid initial diversification, but the phyllostomid diversification was much more gradual. We suggest that ecological differences between tropical and temperate environments could have influenced diversification rates for Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-354.1.
7
Lack, Justin B., and Den Bussche Ronald A. Van. "Identifying the confounding factors in resolving phylogenetic relationships in Vespertilionidae." Journal of Mammalogy 91, no. 6 (2010): 1435–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13416877.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Resolving phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilionidae has been difficult, with large data sets (.100 taxa, .7 kilobases) resolving portions of the phylogeny but leaving intertribal relationships within the Vespertilioninae unresolved. As a result the evolutionary history of the most speciose chiropteran family is largely unknown. The presence of short internodes followed by long terminal branches relative to other chiropteran phylogenies suggests that evolutionary rates of DNA substitution and lineage diversification could be inhibiting phylogenetic resolution. To test this hypothesis we obtained sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 12s rRNA, tRNAVAL, and 16s rRNA, and the nuclear exon RAG2, resulting in more than 3 kilobases of digenomic DNA sequence data for representatives of all subfamilies and tribes within Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae, a family of bats that radiated at approximately the same time as Vespertilionidae. Analyses revealed that substitution rates for Vespertilionidae were significantly higher than those for Phyllostomidae, with the majority of fast-evolving lineages found within Vespertilioninae. Cladogenesis analyses characterized the vespertilionid radiation as compressed toward the root, with a rapid initial diversification, but the phyllostomid diversification was much more gradual. We suggest that ecological differences between tropical and temperate environments could have influenced diversification rates for Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-354.1.
8
Lack, Justin B., and Den Bussche Ronald A. Van. "Identifying the confounding factors in resolving phylogenetic relationships in Vespertilionidae." Journal of Mammalogy 91, no. 6 (2010): 1435–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13416877.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Resolving phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilionidae has been difficult, with large data sets (.100 taxa, .7 kilobases) resolving portions of the phylogeny but leaving intertribal relationships within the Vespertilioninae unresolved. As a result the evolutionary history of the most speciose chiropteran family is largely unknown. The presence of short internodes followed by long terminal branches relative to other chiropteran phylogenies suggests that evolutionary rates of DNA substitution and lineage diversification could be inhibiting phylogenetic resolution. To test this hypothesis we obtained sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 12s rRNA, tRNAVAL, and 16s rRNA, and the nuclear exon RAG2, resulting in more than 3 kilobases of digenomic DNA sequence data for representatives of all subfamilies and tribes within Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae, a family of bats that radiated at approximately the same time as Vespertilionidae. Analyses revealed that substitution rates for Vespertilionidae were significantly higher than those for Phyllostomidae, with the majority of fast-evolving lineages found within Vespertilioninae. Cladogenesis analyses characterized the vespertilionid radiation as compressed toward the root, with a rapid initial diversification, but the phyllostomid diversification was much more gradual. We suggest that ecological differences between tropical and temperate environments could have influenced diversification rates for Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-354.1.
9
Lack, Justin B., and Den Bussche Ronald A. Van. "Identifying the confounding factors in resolving phylogenetic relationships in Vespertilionidae." Journal of Mammalogy 91, no. 6 (2010): 1435–48. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13416877.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Resolving phylogenetic relationships within Vespertilionidae has been difficult, with large data sets (.100 taxa, .7 kilobases) resolving portions of the phylogeny but leaving intertribal relationships within the Vespertilioninae unresolved. As a result the evolutionary history of the most speciose chiropteran family is largely unknown. The presence of short internodes followed by long terminal branches relative to other chiropteran phylogenies suggests that evolutionary rates of DNA substitution and lineage diversification could be inhibiting phylogenetic resolution. To test this hypothesis we obtained sequences of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 12s rRNA, tRNAVAL, and 16s rRNA, and the nuclear exon RAG2, resulting in more than 3 kilobases of digenomic DNA sequence data for representatives of all subfamilies and tribes within Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae, a family of bats that radiated at approximately the same time as Vespertilionidae. Analyses revealed that substitution rates for Vespertilionidae were significantly higher than those for Phyllostomidae, with the majority of fast-evolving lineages found within Vespertilioninae. Cladogenesis analyses characterized the vespertilionid radiation as compressed toward the root, with a rapid initial diversification, but the phyllostomid diversification was much more gradual. We suggest that ecological differences between tropical and temperate environments could have influenced diversification rates for Vespertilionidae and Phyllostomidae. DOI: 10.1644/09-MAMM-A-354.1.
10
Platt, Roy N., Sarah F. Mangum, and David A. Ray. "Pinpointing the vesper bat transposon revolution using the Miniopterus natalensis genome." Mobile DNA 7, no. 1 (2016): 12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13435531.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Background: Around 40 million years ago DNA transposons began accumulating in an ancestor of bats in the family Vespertilionidae. Since that time, Class II transposons have been continuously reinvading and accumulating in vespertilionid genomes at a rate that is unprecedented in mammals. Miniopterus (Miniopteridae), a genus of long-fingered bats that was recently elevated from Vespertilionidae, is the sister taxon to the vespertilionids and is often used as an outgroup when studying transposable elements in vesper bats. Previous wet-lab techniques failed to identify Helitrons, TcMariners, or hAT transposons in Miniopterus. Limitations of those methods and ambiguous results regarding the distribution of piggyBac transposons left some questions as to the distribution of Class II elements in this group. The recent release of the Miniopterus natalensis genome allows for transposable element discovery with a higher degree of precision. Results: Here we analyze the transposable element content of M. natalensis to pinpoint with greater accuracy the taxonomic distribution of Class II transposable elements in bats. These efforts demonstrate that, compared to the vespertilionids, Class II TEs are highly mutated and comprise only a small portion of the M. natalensis genome. Despite the limited Class II content, M. natalensis possesses a limited number of lineage-specific, low copy number piggyBacs and shares several TcMariner families with vespertilionid bats. Multiple efforts to identify Helitrons, one of the major TE components of vesper bat genomes, using de novo repeat identification and structural based searches failed. Conclusions: These observations combined with previous results inform our understanding of the events leading to the unique Class II element acquisition that characterizes vespertilionids. While it appears that a small number of TcMariner and piggyBac elements were deposited in the ancestral Miniopterus + vespertilionid genome, these elements are not present in M. natalensis genome at high copy number. Instead, this work indicates that the vesper bats alone experienced the expansion of TEs ranging from Helitrons to piggyBacs to hATs.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Vespertilionidae bats"
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Kellner, Amanda M. E. "Activity and roost selection of bats in montane forests on northern Vancouver Island." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0024/MQ51375.pdf.
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Ades, Gary William John. "A comparative ecological study of insectivorous bats (Hipposideridae, Vespertilionidae and Rhinolophidae) in Hong Kong, with special reference to dietary seasonality /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B16121247.
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Fairless, Louise. "Ecology and ecophysiology of social structure and population dynamics in bats (Vespertilionidae)." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2013. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/360180/.
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Worldwide, bats are in decline with populations under threat from many pressures, including habitat loss, disease and climate change. A detailed understanding of bat social structure and population dynamics is needed to understand and tackle this decline. Yet despite bats representing around twenty percent of all mammalian diversity, they are underrepresented in life history studies, restricting our understanding of social associations, spatial patterns and mating systems for many species. This, in turn, inhibits efforts to conserve species and restricts interpretation of their population dynamics. This study, therefore, aimed to analyse the ecology of social structure and population dynamics using long-term ringing data from several British bat species: Natterer’s bats (Myotis nattereri), brown long-eared bats (Plecotus auritus), Pipistrellus spp. (P. pipistrellus and P. pygmaeus) and Bechstein’s bats (Myotis bechsteinii). Analysis of long-term data of M. nattereri and P. auritus revealed that bats maintain long-term associations persisting over several years. Spatial patterns revealed high fidelity to roost sites. However, on occasions when bats were disturbed during ringing, their dispersal patterns suggested that bats possess a wide knowledge of alternative roost sites which may facilitate relocation following habitat or climate change. Analysis of population dynamics and social structure of three sympatric species (M. nattereri, P. auritus and Pipistrellus spp.) revealed that social systems vary between species and seasons. Large roosting groups were reported for M. nattereri and P. auritus. Males were found to roost with females both pre- and post-parturition, however populations were female-biased for both species. Solitary male Pipistrellus spp. found pre-parturition were joined by an influx of predominantly new adult females for the formation of mating groups post-parturition. There was no preference for roosting in boxes facing North, South-east or South-west for any species. Roosting groups of M. nattereri persisted from pre- to post-parturition whilst the abundance of P. auritus found in boxes post-parturition was low, suggesting alternative roosting behaviour for this species post-parturition perhaps due to increased activity at swarming sites. Increasing population trends were reported for M. nattereri and Pipistrellus spp. whereas the pre-parturition population of P. auritus showed a moderate decline, the cause of which requires further investigation. Survival analysis revealed female-biased survival rates for M. nattereri and P. auritus. Cohort variation in juvenile survival was found in female M. bechsteinii whereby high rainfall during the lactation period and an additive effect of high population density resulted in lower survival. Age of first reproduction varied between one and five years for this species, but did not vary between cohorts with the majority of females reproducing for the first time aged two years. Furthermore, an ecophysiological field study revealed no effect of social structure or roost microclimate on the metabolic rates of free-ranging M. nattereri. However, low metabolic rates indicated torpor was frequently used both pre-and post-parturition. The results of this study suggest that future studies on population biology should take an integrated approach incorporating aspects of both ecology and ecophysiology for the conservation of a species, especially in the face of climate change.
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Reynolds, D. Scott. "Variation in life history traits in the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus (chiroptera: vespertilionidae)." Thesis, Boston University, 1999. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/30680.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University<br>PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.<br>This thesis examines the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the reproductive strategy of a temperate insectivorous bat, Myotis lucifugus. Body composition was measured using both direct analysis (dehydration and fat extraction) and total body electrical conductivity (TOBEC) analysis. Changes in body composition during the reproductive season show that both fat and mineral stores are mobilized during lactation. However, the changes were small relative to the level of reproductive effort supporting the hypothesis that small insectivorous bats use direct-costing to meet the costs of reproduction. An increase in size of the digestive tract suggests that increased foraging capacity is an important component of this strategy. Changes in body composition in young bats show a two-week period of linear postnatal growth followed by a rapid transition to adult body composition. By the end of August, young bats had achieved a mass-specific body composition similar to post-lactating adult females, although they had a smaller body mass. Body composition did not influence any of the reproductive traits investigated in the present study.
Young bats born early in the parturition period had a higher postnatal growth rate, suggesting that time-dependent effects influence reproductive strategy in Myotis lucifugus. Sex-dependent influences suggest that maternal costs are higher when producing female young: female offspring 1) had a higher postnatal growth rate, 2) had more body fat at weaning, 3) were born earlier and remained with the mother longer than male offspring. High levels of precipitation during early pregnancy resulted in a delayed parturition period and a male-biased sex-ratio at birth. High levels of precipitation in late summer increased overwinter recapture rate in adult females. Low ambient temperature in early summer reduced the reproductive rate and level of reproductive synchrony. Low temperatures in late summer reduced overwinter recapture rate in yearling bats. These extrinsiv factors may influence the energy budget of M. lucifugus by increasing thermoregulatory costs and reducing foraging opportunity or prey availability. Thus intrinsic factors influenced some of the within-season variation in reproductive traits, whereas extrinsic factors primarily affected between-year variation.<br>2031-01-02
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Encarnação, Jorge André. "Phänologie und Lebenszyklusstrategie männlicher Wasserfledermäuse (Myotis daubentonii, Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) Phenology and life-history strategy of male Daubenton's bats (Myotis daubentonii, Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975385429.
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Ades, Gary William John. "A comparative ecological study of insectivorous bats (Hipposideridae, Vespertilionidae and Rhinolophidae) in Hong Kong, with specialreference to dietary seasonality." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31234033.
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Aires, Caroline Cotrim. "Caracterização das espécies brasileiras de Myotis Kaup, 1829 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) e ensaio sobre filogeografia de Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) e Myotis riparius Handley, 1960." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-17022009-150729/.
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O gênero Myotis é extremamente diverso, sendo atualmente reconhecidas 103 espécies, além de 94 subespécies as quais não foram avaliadas satisfatoriamente quanto seu status taxonômico. Para a América do Sul são reconhecidas 12 espécies, das quais cinco são consideradas politípicas, dentre elas Myotis nigricans, táxon considerado um complexo de espécies. Com o objetivo de caracterizar, morfologicamente e molecularmente, os táxons do gênero Myotis que ocorrem no Brasil e aqueles relacionados a Myotis nigricans, examinei 1.018 exemplares depositados em coleções científicas nacionais e internacionais. Analisei 25 caracteres de morfologia externa e craniana, e aferi 13 medidas corporais e 19 cranianas. Submeti as medidas cranianas a testes estatísticos uni e multivariados com o intuito de investigar variações inter e intraespecíficas, e verificar a existência de dimorfismo sexual em cada táxon analisado. Selecionei um gene mitocondrial, citocromo b (402pb), e um gene nuclear, RAG2 (620pb), com a finalidade de caracterizar a diversidade genética intra e interespecífica dos táxons de Myotis, dos quais obtive 78 seqüências: 58 mitocondriais e 20 nucleares. A partir deste conjunto de dados reconheci 8 espécies válidas para o gênero Myotis no Brasil (Myotis albescens, Myotis alter, Myotis levis, Myotis nigricans, Myotis riparius, Myotis ruber, Myotis simus, e Myotis sp.n.). Elevei Myotis osculati ao nível específico, táxon até então considerado uma subespécie de Myotis nigricans; e considerei Myotis punensis e Myotis chiriquensis espécies válidas, as quais eram consideradas sinonímias de Myotis nigricans nigricans. Neste contexto, reconheço 15 espécies sul-americanas do gênero Myotis, o que representa um acréscimo de 25% na diversidade anteriormente reconhecida para o grupo na região. Não encontrei dimorfismo sexual significativo nas medidas cranianas de M. albescens, M. levis, M. nigricans, M. riparius e M. ruber. Para melhor delimitar morfometricamente os táxons estudados, em especial M. nigricans de M. riparius, propus a utilização de dois índices: um craniano e outro maxilar. Os caracteres qualitativos cranianos, como a presença de crista sagital e o posicionamento dos pré-molares superiores, associados aos de morfologia externa, como a disposição de pêlos ao longo do uropatágio, o formato do pavilhão auditivo, e a angularidade da porção distal da maxila inferior, apresentaram-se como os mais robustos na delimitação dos táxons com ocorrência no Brasil. As relações filogenéticas entre as espécies de Myotis após inclusão dos táxons validados neste trabalho, ainda permanecem imprecisas. Através dos métodos de Máxima Parcimônia (MP), de distância de Neighbor-Join (NJ) e análise Bayesiana (B), houve o resgate de dois grandes clados compostos por espécies com crista sagital ausente ou discreta (clado A), e crista sagital presente (clado B). Atribuí a politomia encontrada dentro do clado A à rápida diversificação do grupo na região, com possíveis eventos simultâneos de especiação. Associo a inclusão de M. levis no clado de M nigricans com um evento de introgressão mitocondrial dado a natureza do gene, e ao número de mutações, incompatível com homoplasia do gene. O tempo de divergência estimado em 1,2Ma (±0,8), coincide com os eventos de mudanças climáticas e de retração de florestas durante o Pleistoceno, que propiciariam a hibridização destas duas linhagens. Apliquei o Teste de Mantel nas populações de M. nigricans e M. riparius presente nos domínios da Mata Atlântica, com o intuito de verificar a existência de correlação entre distância genética e distância geográfica entre as populações, testando a hipótese de isolamento por distância, a qual foi rejeitada tanto para M. nigricans (p=0,9449; r=0,23) como para M. riparius (p=0,9997; r=0,60). As populações de Myotis riparius apresentaram uma baixa divergência genética (0,8 a 1,5%) ao longo da distribuição, com compartilhamento de haplótipos entre as populações de Paraíba, São Paulo, Paraná e Paraguai. Em relação à Myotis nigricans destaco o compartilhamento de haplótipos entre as populações da Bahia, São Paulo e Paraná, e a baixa divergência (1,9 a 2,4%) entre as populações ao leste da Serra do Mar. Contudo, os níveis de divergência entre estas populações e as populações provenientes da Serra do Japi e Serra da Mantiqueira são acentuados (5,7 a 8,1%), similares aos níveis interespecíficos para o gênero. Estes dados sugerem um alto fluxo gênico no sentido Norte-Sul da Mata Atlântica ao leste da Serra do Mar, podendo esta atuar como barreira para as populações interioranas. A compreensão dos processos envolvidos na diversificação do grupo será favorecida com a inclusão a estas análises de amostras provenientes de outras populações distribuídas nas porções Leste Oeste da Mata Atlântica.<br>Myotis is a highly diverse genus, with 103 species recognized so far, in addition to another 94 subspecies whose taxonomical status has not yet been completely evaluated. Twelve species are known to South America, among which five are considered polytypic, including Myotis nigricans. This taxon in considered a species complex. In order to characterize, both morphologically and molecularly, the taxa of the genus Myotis, I examined 1,018 individuals from national and foreign scientific collections. Twenty-five characters from external and cranial morphology were analyzed and 13 body and 19 cranial measures were checked. In order to investigate inter and intraspecific variations and the existence of sexual dimorphism in each taxon analyzed, I submitted the cranial measures to uni and multivariate statistic tests. To characterize intra and interspecific genetic diversity of the taxa in the genus Myotis, I selected one mitochondrial gene, cytochrome b (402pb), and a nuclear gene, RAG2 (602pb). From these two genes, I obtained 78 sequences: 58 mitochondrial and 20 nuclear. From the data obtained, I recognized as valid eight Brazilian species in the genus Myotis (Myotis albescens, Myotis alter, Myotis levis, Myotis nigricans, Myotis riparius, Myotis ruber, Myotis simus, and Myotis sp.n.). I elevated Myotis osculati, a taxon hitherto considered a subspecies of Myotis nigricans, to specific level and diagnosed Myotis punensis and Myotis chiriquensis as valid species, which were previously considered synonyms of Myotis nigricans nigricans. In this context, I recognize 15 species for the genus Myotis in South America, representing an increase of 25% in the previously known diversity for the group in the continent. I have not found significant sexual dimorphism in the cranial measures for M. albescens, M. levis, M. nigricans, M. riparius and M. ruber. To better delimitate morphometricaly the taxa herein studied, specially M. nigricans from M. riparius, I proposed the use of two indexes: one cranial and one maxillary. Qualitative characters from skull, such as presence or absence of a sagittal crest and the arrangement of upper premolars, associated to those from external morphology, such as the arrangement of the hair along the uropatagium, the shape of external ear, and the angling from the distal portion of the lower maxillae, were fundamental for diagnosing the taxa occurring in Brazil. The phylogenetic relationship among the species of genus Myotis is still imprecise, even after the inclusion of those taxa diagnosed as valid in this thesis. Through Maximum Likelihood (ML), Neighbor-Join (NJ) and Bayesian analysis methods, two clades were defined, one formed by species with absent or shallow sagittal crest (clade A), and another (clade B) with the presence of sagittal crest. I correlate the polytomy found within clade A with a fast diversification of this group in the region, possibly with simultaneous events of speciation. I correlate the inclusion of M. levis in the clade of M. nigricans with an event of mitochondrial introgression, given the nature of this gene and the number of mutations, which are not compatible with the homoplasy for this gene. The estimated divergence time of 1.2 Ma (±0.8), coincides with climatical changes and forest retraction during the Pleistocene, which allowed the hybridization of these two lineages. I ran the Test of Mantel for the populations of M. nigricans and M. riparius from the Atlantic Forest dominium, aiming at verifying the existence of a correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance in the populations, testing the hypothesis of isolation by distance, which was rejected both for M. nigricans (p=0.9449; r=0.23) and for M. riparius (p=0.9997; r=0.60). The populations of Myotis riparius showed a low genetic divergence (0.8 to 1.5%) along their distribution, with the populations from Paraíba, São Paulo, Paraná and Paraguay sharing haplotypes. Regarding Myotis nigricans, I point out that populations from Bahia, São Paulo and Paraná share haplotypes and low divergence (1.9 to 2.4%) between the populations from the western portion of Serra do Mar. Yet, the level of divergence between such populations and those from Serra do Japi and Serra da Mantiqueira is high (5.7 to 8.1%), therefore similar to the interspecific levels for the genus. These data suggest a high gene flow from the North-South direction to eastern Serra do Mar, which may be acting as a barrier to interior populations. The understanding of the processes involved in the diversification of the group will be favored by the inclusion of samples of other populations distributed in the East-West portions of the Atlantic Forest.
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Marchesin, Sandra Regina de Carvalho [UNESP]. "Divergência genética e relacionamento filogenético em espécies de morcegos das famílias Molossidae, Phyllostamidae, Vespertilionidae e Emballonuridae baseado em análise de PCR-RFLP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102731.
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marchesin_src_dr_sjrp.pdf: 719824 bytes, checksum: 27f6c7b9b1235bdfcec78f2741f543a0 (MD5)<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)<br>Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)<br>Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)<br>A proposta do presente trabalho foi analisar as relações de proximidade genética e evolutiva entre espécies de Chiroptera, a partir da utilização da técnica PCR-RFLP para a obtenção de dados moleculares para os genes mitocondrial 12/16S e nuclear RAG2. A variabilidade detectada no presente estudo para as diferentes espécies é extremamente importante e poderá orientar ou subsidiar estudos com diferentes finalidades. A complexidade dos táxons de Chiroptera observada em outras análises, como citogenética e morfológica também foi revelada pela análise de RFLP, reforçando a importância dessa metodologia nos estudos evolutivos do grupo.<br>The aim of this study was to assess the relationships of genetic and evolutive proximity among Chiroptera species, through the obtention of molecular data through mitochondrial (12/16S) and nuclear (RAG2) genes by PCR-RFLP technique. The variability detected by this study to the different species is extremely important and can direct or subsidize studies with different purposes. The complexity of Chiroptera taxa observed in cytogenetic and morphologic analyses was also revealed by the RFLP technique, reinforcing the importance of this methodology in evolutive studies of the group.
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Marchesin, Sandra Regina de Carvalho. "Divergência genética e relacionamento filogenético em espécies de morcegos das famílias Molossidae, Phyllostamidae, Vespertilionidae e Emballonuridae baseado em análise de PCR-RFLP /." São José do Rio Preto : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102731.
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Orientador: Eliana Morielle-Versute<br>Banca: Fernando de Camargo Passos<br>Banca: Luciana Bolsoni Lourenço<br>Banca: Guaracy Tadeu Rocha<br>Banca: Wagner André Pedro<br>Resumo: A proposta do presente trabalho foi analisar as relações de proximidade genética e evolutiva entre espécies de Chiroptera, a partir da utilização da técnica PCR-RFLP para a obtenção de dados moleculares para os genes mitocondrial 12/16S e nuclear RAG2. A variabilidade detectada no presente estudo para as diferentes espécies é extremamente importante e poderá orientar ou subsidiar estudos com diferentes finalidades. A complexidade dos táxons de Chiroptera observada em outras análises, como citogenética e morfológica também foi revelada pela análise de RFLP, reforçando a importância dessa metodologia nos estudos evolutivos do grupo.<br>Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationships of genetic and evolutive proximity among Chiroptera species, through the obtention of molecular data through mitochondrial (12/16S) and nuclear (RAG2) genes by PCR-RFLP technique. The variability detected by this study to the different species is extremely important and can direct or subsidize studies with different purposes. The complexity of Chiroptera taxa observed in cytogenetic and morphologic analyses was also revealed by the RFLP technique, reinforcing the importance of this methodology in evolutive studies of the group.<br>Doutor
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Balcombe, Jonathan P. Carleton University Dissertation Biology. "The communication role of echolocation calls in foraging vespertilionid bats." Ottawa, 1986.
Find full textBooks on the topic "Vespertilionidae bats"
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Hill, J. E. The baculum in the Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) with a systematic review, a synopsis of Pipistrellus and Eptesicus, and the descriptions of a new genus and subgenus. British Museum (Natural History), 1987.
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Pierson, Elizabeth D. Distribution, habitat associations, status, and survey methodologies for three molossid bat species (Eumops perotis, Nyctinomops femorosaccus, Nyctinomops macrotis) and the vespertilionid (Euderma maculatum): Final report. The Dept., 1998.
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Raabe, Emily. Plain-Nosed Bats (Raabe, Emily. Library of Bats.). PowerKids Press, 2003.
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Harrison, D. L., and J. E. Hill. Bacillum in the Vespertilioninae (Chiroptera (Zoology Bulletins). Intercept Ltd, 1987.
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Schaub, Andrea. Spatial orientation in vespertilionid bats commuting on flyways. 2007.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Vespertilionidae bats"
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Balcombe, Jonathan P., and M. B. Fenton. "The Communication Role of Echolocation Calls in Vespertilionid Bats." In Animal Sonar. Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7493-0_65.
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"Vesper Bats (Vespertilionidae)." In California Mammals. University of California Press, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520315402-017.
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"Family Vespertilionidae." In Bats of Southern and Central Africa. Wits University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18772/22020085829.22.
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S. Amr, Zuhair, Omar A. Abed, and Mohammad Abu Baker. "Diversity and Conservation of Bats in Jordan." In Bats - Disease-Prone but Beneficial [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100407.
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The diversity and the conservation status of bats in Jordan are discussed based on recent studies. The bat fauna of Jordan consists of 26 bat species belonging to nine families (Emballonuridae, Hipposideridae, Pteropodidae, Miniopteridae, Molossidae, Nycteridae, Rhinolophidae, Rhinopomatidae, and Vespertilionidae). Bat echolocation calls for some selected species are included. Conservation status based on regional assessment according to the IUCN standards is amended, along with the current legislative laws for the conservation of bats. Threats affecting the bats of Jordan are highlighted including the recent introduction of wind farms and other mining activities. In addition, the role of bats in disease transmission is included.
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Geiser, Fritz. "Energetics, Thermal Biology, and Torpor." In Functionaland Evolutionary Ecology of Bats. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154726.003.0001.
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Abstract Although most Australian bats have been isolated from bat species in other parts of the world for prolonged periods and may functionally differ, little detailed research has been conducted to determine how Australian bats cope with seasonal and short-term food shortages and adverse environmental conditions. This chapter provides a comparative summary about the limited information on the thermal biology and energetics of Australian bats. The data suggest that, in general, Australian bats are similar in their thermal characteristics and energy use to other bats. Thermal conductance of Australian bats is almost identical to what has been observed in other bat species, although conductance in some tropical taxa is higher than predicted. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of Australian bats tends to be somewhat below that predicted from allometric equations for bats and, in general, is well below that of placental mammals. However, BMRs of the insectivorous/carnivorous microbats (Microchiroptera) do not appear to differ from those of frugivorous/ nectarivorous megabats (Megachiroptera). Torpor appears to be common in Australian bats and has been observed in six of seven families: Pteropodidae (blossom-bats and tube-nosed bats), Emballonuridae (sheathtail bats), Rhinolophidae (horseshoe bats), Hipposideridae (leaf-nosed bats), Vespertilionidae (long-eared and bentwing bats and others), and Molossidae (free-tailed bats). Australian vespertilionids (and likely members of other families) have the ability to enter deep and prolonged torpor in winter (i.e., hibernate) and members of the genus Nyctophilus have been observed entering brief bouts of torpor in the field on every day during the resting phase, even in summer. The body temperature (Tb) in some vespertilionids falls to minima between 2 and 5 oC and the metabolic rate (MR) during torpor can be as low as 3–4% of BMR. Small megabats (e.g., blossom-bats) enter daily torpor, their Tb falls to a minimum of 17–23 oC and their MR to about 50% of BMR. Unlike many other species, torpor in blossom-bats is more pronounced in summer than in winter, likely due to the low supply of nectar during the warm season. The low BMR and the high proclivity of Australian bats for using torpor suggest that they are constrained by limited energy availability and that heterothermy plays a key role in their life history. However, more.
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Fleming, Theodore H. "The use of stable isotopes to study the diets of plant-visiting bats." In Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Bats. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549451.003.0006.
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Abstract Dietary analysis in bats has traditionally involved examination of stomach contents or faecal materials or the identification of plant materials (pollen, seeds) on the fur of animals or under feeding roosts. While they provide detailed information about what kinds of ‘prey’ bats are eating, these methods provide only a ‘snapshot’ of an animal’s diet and provide no long-term information about the general diets and trophic positions of plant-visiting bats. In this paper, I describe the application of stable isotope techniques to the study of the diets of plant-visiting bats. My colleagues and I have used carbon isotope analyses to determine whether CAM or C3 plants are the more important in the diets of Sonoran desert flower-visiting bats. Our results indicate that the nectarivorous bat Leptonycteris curasoae (Phyllostomidae) is a seasonal CAM specialist in mainland Mexico and a year-round CAM specialist in Baja California. Using this technique, we have discovered that the carnivorous bat Antrozous pallidus (Vespertilionidae) is also a legitimate pollinator of cactus and agave flowers in the deserts of the south-western United States. We have now begun to use carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes to study the relative importance of plant and insect tissue as sources of carbon and nitrogen in plant-visiting bats. We predict that, because of their ability to echolocate, phyllostomid bats obtain more of their nitrogen from non-plant sources than do non-echolocating pteropodid bats.
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Kalko, Elisabeth K. V. "Echolocation signal design, foraging habitats and guild structure in six Neotropical sheath-tailed bats (Emballonuridae)." In Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Bats. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549451.003.0017.
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Abstract The three major families of aerial insectivorous bats that occur in both Old and New World tropics (Emballonuridae, Molossidae, Vespertilionidae) show great variety in echolocation signal design. To understand better the function of this variation, I used an ultrasound detector and night-vision goggles to study echolocation and foraging behaviour of six species of emballonurids that occur sympatrically at each of five field sites spanning Costa Rica, Panama and Venezuela. At all five localities I found a consistent association of specific signal types with three distinct habitat types in which these species foraged, suggesting that the guild of insectivorous bats is highly structured. First, the ghost bat (Diclidurus a/bus) and a bat tentatively identified as Peropteryx sp. both hunted in open, uncluttered space and emitted low-frequency, shallow-modulated echolocation signals. Second, two white-lined bats (Saccopteryx bilineata, S. leptura) and Wagner’s sac-winged bat (Cormura brevirostris) foraged in cluttered habitats close to vegetation and used medium-frequency echolocation signals with a shallow-modulated middle part starting and ending with a steep frequency-modulated component. Third, the proboscis bat (Rhynchonycteris naso) restricted its foraging to within a metre or two of the surface of small streams. Its high-frequency echolocation signals were similar in structure to those of noctilionid bats, which use similar habitats.
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Wilde, Colin J., Marian A. Kerr, Christopher H. Knight, and Paul A. Racey. "Lactation in vespertilionid bats." In Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Bats. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549451.003.0009.
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Abstract Lactating pipistrelle bats (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) feed one, occasionally two, young from two thoracic mammary glands for about four weeks. Throughout lactation, suckling is interrupted each night as the bats forage for food, sometimes over considerable distances. The energetic costs of milk secretion and aerial foraging are considerable and, particularly at times of food shortage, are accommodated by a reduction in body temperature and torpor in the lactating animal. The mammary gland is also subject to this fall in temperature, so that milk secretion is likely to undergo pronounced diurnal variation, a situation similar to that in rodents, where it is dependent on the daily feeding pattern. Milk secretion is tailored to the intermittent suckling pattern by local regulatory mechanisms within the mammary gland, which respond to the frequency or completeness of milk removal. This mechanism is shared by other species but appears to be a predominant influence in bat mammary tissue, so much so that the developmental changes it induces obscure those changes usually associated with stage of lactation.
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Thomas, Donald W. "The physiological ecology of hibernation in vespertilionid bats." In Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Bats. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549451.003.0015.
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Abstract Chiropteran hibernation is characterized by prolonged bouts of torpor punctuated by periodic returns to endothermy. Laboratory studies indicate that these arousals are energetically very costly and, in the absence of feeding, they account for over 75% of winter fat depletion. Thus, knowledge of the organization and factors causing arousals is central to any analysis of winter energy balance. To examine the organization of torpor and arousals, I placed temperature-sensitive radio tags on 18 hibernating Myotis lucifugus and monitored their superficial body temperatures over a 30-40-day period. Bats roused during all times of the day and there was no evidence for any significant temporal clustering of arousals. The first arousal provoked by handling lasted significantly longer (13.9 h) than subsequent natural arousals (5.0 h). During most first torpor bouts (10 of 11), but few subsequent bouts (one of 17), body temperature showed a slow positive drift of 0.82 °C/day up to a mean of 3.0 °C above ambient temperature. Torpor bouts accompanied by a drift in body temperature were significantly shorter (4.9 days) than those where body temperature fluctuated around 0.5 °C above ambient temperature (15.1 days). This study indicates that hibernating bats do not exhibit an endogenous circadian rhythm regulating the timing of arousals. Handling results in an increase in energy expenditure of 11.8 kJ above that typical of a 15.3 day torpor-arousal cycle. I examine the regulation of arousals and the energetic constraints that bats face during hibernation.
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Walsh, Allyson L., Stephen Harris, and A. M. Hutson. "Abundance and habitat selection of foraging vespertilionid bats in Britain: a landscape-scale approach." In Ecology, Evolution and Behaviour of Bats. Oxford University PressOxford, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198549451.003.0021.
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Abstract Large-scale surveys of the habitats required by foraging bats have seldom been attempted, despite a clear need for quantitative information in order to develop realistic conservation strategies. Accordingly, a standardized survey method was developed for a large-scale analysis of bat abundance and habitat selection in the whole of Britain. This was the first such survey of its kind undertaken anywhere. A random stratified sample of 1-km squares was surveyed by a network of volunteers walking fixed transects with bat detectors. They also collected information on the habitat features present in each 1-km square. Data from 910 squares were examined to test whether landscape and local habitat features influence bat activity. Significant regional differences were demonstrated between seven major land-class groups. Lowest bat activity levels occurred in upland, marginal upland and intensively farmed arable areas of the north. Habitat selection results are presented for two contrasting land-class groups. In both of these, woodland habitats and habitats associated with water were actively selected, whilst arable land, stone walls, scrub and parkland plus all grassland categories were avoided. Logistic regression models were used to identify habitats of critical importance within the two land-class groups. A variety of habitats were important in the pastural landscape but only one, semi-natural broadleaved woodland, was of critical importance in the arable landscape. The value of landscape-scale surveys for providing information on habitat use and a baseline from which to model’ the potential effects of changes in land use is discussed.