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1

Tran, T., C. J. Harris, and P. A. Wilson. "A vessel management expert system." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M: Journal of Engineering for the Maritime Environment 216, no. 2 (December 1, 2002): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/147509002762224379.

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A unified collision avoidance system is proposed to improve the efficiency and safety of marine transport, namely maritime avoidance navigation, totally integrated system (MANTIS). The principle behind its operation is to remove the difficulties and uncertainties involved in marine navigation through a system structure that makes marine transport deterministic rather than uncertain. Fundamental to its operation is a strategic interactive expert system that can determine safe and efficient navigation routes for all vessels as part of journey planning and en route collision avoidance. An important requirement is to take account of non-navigable areas, collision regulations, ship characteristics, sea state and sensor accuracy during evaluation. An outline of the MANTIS infrastructure is given, followed by a description of the vessel management system (VMES). Simulation results exemplify the significance of the system for future exploitation.
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2

Blatchley, Charles, Joseph Connors, and Anthony Vecino. "An Integrated Approach to Shipboard System and Equipment Testing for Improved Maintenance Management." Marine Technology and SNAME News 26, no. 02 (April 1, 1989): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1989.26.2.105.

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Commercial operators today are required to maintain maximum vessels in-service levels and, with government vessel operators competing for decreasing operating funds, the management of ship maintenance and repair (M&R) has become a highly visible area which can have a significant impact on overall vessel operating costs. As an approach to consolidate, improve, and simply better manage a vessel's state of material condition and M&R requirements, an integrated shipboard Material Condition Assessment Program can be implemented which provides a comprehensive evaluation and assessment of the various critical components on a ship-specific basis. This approach will integrate all vessel material condition assessment techniques and periodic surveys whose results can be used for advanced maintenance planning and budgeting. The approach and methodology employed and described in this paper are not new, having been tried and proven to varying degrees in the marine and related industrial fields, and are considered within the constraints of day-to-day vessel operation and maintenance management.
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Bang, Yong-Ki, and Kyung-Sik Kang. "A Management System for LPG Gas Vessel." Journal of the Korea Safety Management and Science 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.12812/ksms.2014.16.4.175.

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4

Dixon, Doug, and Greg Hughes. "Coastal Cruise Ship Waste Management." Marine Technology and SNAME News 37, no. 04 (October 1, 2000): 216–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2000.37.4.216.

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A review of the current regulations and a typical design of systems aboard a 300-ft (91 m) coastal cruise vessel accommodating 300 people are presented. Also presented is a review of the Alaska Marine Highway System equipment in order to help understand waste management practices aboard these vessels. Through an understanding of the current regulations and capabilities available both on existing vessels and new designs, it is hoped educated decisions can be made about future regulations.
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Long, Hoang, Oh-Heum Kwon, Suk-Hwan Lee, and Ki-Ryong Kwon. "Gabor Feature Representation and Deep Convolution Neural Network for Marine Vessel Classification." Korea Society of Coastal Disaster Prevention 8, no. 3 (July 30, 2021): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20481/kscdp.2021.8.3.121.

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The Vessel Surveillance System (VSS), a crucial tool for fisheries monitoring, controlling, and surveillance, has been required to use for the reservation of the current depressed state of the world's fisheries by fisheries management agencies. An important issue in the vessel surveillance system is the classification of vessels. However, several factors, such as lighting, congestion, and sea state, will affect the vessel's appearance, making it more difficult to classify vessels. There are two main methods for conventional classifications of vessels: the traditional-based- characteristics method and the convolutional neural networks-used method. In this paper, we combine Gabor feature representation (GFR) and deep convolution neural network (DCNN) to classify vessels. Gabor filters in different directions and ratios are used to extract vessel characteristics to create a new image of vessels, which is DCNN's input. The visible and infrared spectrums (VAIS) dataset, the world's first publicly available dataset for paired infrared and visible vessel images, was used to validate the proposed method (GFR-DCNN). The numerical results showed that GFR-DCNN is more accurate than other methods.
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Sun, Ying Shi, Wen Sheng Hao, Zi Qin Ma, Xu Zhang, Guang Wei Qi, and Peng Lu. "Pressure Vessel CAPP Management System Research Based on Network." Advanced Materials Research 339 (September 2011): 607–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.339.607.

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The thesis researches relevant theory about process design of pressure vessel, analyzing and standardizing process documents of pressure vessel, and conducting research on general model and relevant technologies of pressure vessel CAPP management based on network. Utilizing JSP software and MS-SQL SERVER data base, we design a practical platform for pressure vessel CAPP management standardization based on network, realizing product information lay-in/log-in of pressure vessel, derive/design of fabricating process flow card, automatic generation of flow chart, derive/design of product quality plan, user authority management, module management and expansion etc. functions, giving out system sample.
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Wang, Yongpeng, Daisuke Watanabe, Enna Hirata, and Shigeki Toriumi. "Real-Time Management of Vessel Carbon Dioxide Emissions Based on Automatic Identification System Database Using Deep Learning." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): 871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080871.

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In this study, we propose an effective method using deep learning to strengthen real-time vessel carbon dioxide emission management. We propose a method to predict real-time carbon dioxide emissions of the vessel in three steps: (1) convert the trajectory data of the fixed time interval into a spatial–temporal sequence, (2) apply a long short-term memory (LSTM) model to predict the future trajectory and vessel status data of the vessel, and (3) predict the carbon dioxide emissions. Automatic identification system (AIS) database of a liquefied natural gas (LNG) vessel were selected as the sample and we reconstructed the trajectory data with a fixed time interval using cubic spline interpolation. Applying the interpolated AIS data, the carbon dioxide emissions of the vessel were calculated based on the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) recommended procedures. The experimental results are twofold. First, it reveals that vessel emissions are currently underestimated. This study clearly indicates that the actual carbon dioxide emissions are higher than those reported. The finding offers insight into how to accurately measure the emissions of vessels, and hence, better execute a greenhouse gases (GHGs) reduction strategy. Second, the LSTM model has a better trajectory prediction performance than the recurrent neural network (RNN) model. The errors of the trajectory endpoint and carbon dioxide emissions were small, which shows that the LSTM model is suitable for spatial–temporal data prediction with excellent performance. Therefore, this study offers insights to strengthen the real-time management and control of vessel greenhouse gas emissions and handle those in a more efficient way.
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Liu, Ya-jin, Jiang Guo, and Kai-kai Gu. "Aging and Life Management System of Reactor Pressure Vessel." World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 01, no. 02 (2011): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjnst.2011.12004.

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van Westrenen, Fulko. "Modelling arrival control in a vessel traffic management system." Cognition, Technology & Work 16, no. 4 (April 20, 2014): 501–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-014-0279-x.

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Karkosiński, Dariusz, Wojciech Aleksander Rosiński, Piotr Deinrych, and Szymon Potrykus. "Onboard Energy Storage and Power Management Systems for All-Electric Cargo Vessel Concept." Energies 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14041048.

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This paper presents an innovative approach to the design of a forthcoming, fully electric-powered cargo vessel. This work begins by defining problems that need to be solved when designing vessels of this kind. Using available literature and market research, a solution for the design of a power management system and a battery management system for a cargo vessel of up to 1504 TEU capacity was developed. The proposed solution contains an innovative approach with three parallel energy sources. The solution takes into consideration the possible necessity for zero-emission work with the optional function of operation as an autonomous vessel. Energy storage system based on lithium-ion battery banks with a possibility of expanding the capacity is also described in this work as it is the core part of the proposed solution. It is estimated that the operation range for zero-emission work mode of up to 136 nautical miles can be achieved through the application of all fore-mentioned parts.
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11

Tomita, Takashi, and Kazuhiko Honda. "PRACTICAL MODEL TO ESTIMATE DRIFT MOTION OF VESSELS BY TSUNAMI." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 30, 2011): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.management.27.

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Port and harbor areas are vulnerable to tsunamis, because of high population and business activities as well as low-lying areas. Furthermore many vessels, containers and cars existing in the areas may be floated and drifted by a series of tsunamis. The tsunami-drifted bodies have the potential to collide with houses and buildings and then to cause secondary damage to them. In this study, a numerical model has been developed to estimate the behavior of multiple tsunami-drifted bodies. In the present model, a drifted body due to the tsunami is moved in terms of drag and inertia forces acting on the body, which are calculated with fluid velocity distributing on side faces of the body. Furthermore, a collision model is developed and integrated with the drift model, to consider that a drifted body collides with another drift body and a fixed body. A break model of mooring system is also developed and integrated with the drift model, by which a mooring vessel can start to be drifted when the mooring system is broken. The present model is qualitatively validated through conducting simple test runs, and applied to calculations in actual bathymetry and topography.
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12

Stateczny, Andrzej, and Pawel Burdziakowski. "Universal Autonomous Control and Management System for Multipurpose Unmanned Surface Vessel." Polish Maritime Research 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2019-0004.

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Abstract The paper presents design, structure and architecture of the Universal Autonomous Control and Management System (UACAMS) for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel. The system was designed, installed and implemented on the multipurpose platform - unmanned surface vessel named HydroDron. The platform is designed to execute hydrographic survey missions with multi-variant configuration of the survey system (payload?) including multi-beam echo sounder, sonar, LiDAR, automotive radar, photographic and spectral camera systems. The UACAMS designed to provide flexibility that enables to operate on the different kind of surface platform and different type of functional payload. The full system configuration provides all four level of autonomy starting from remotely controlled to full autonomous mission. Each level can be implemented and run depending on user specific requirements. The paper explains the differences between autonomous and automatic mission and shows how the autonomy is implemented into the presented system. The full hardware structural design as well as the software architecture are described. In order to confirm initial assumptions the applied system was tested during four- week sea trials and tuned for a selected vessel to confirm assumptions. In the project, also the original shore control station was designed, produced and tested for the vessel, including specific user controls and radio communication system. Conclusions sum up all crucial points of the design and system implementation process.
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13

Chao, Han-Chieh, Hsin-Te Wu, and Fan-Hsun Tseng. "AIS Meets IoT: A Network Security Mechanism of Sustainable Marine Resource Based on Edge Computing." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 3048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063048.

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The sustainable utilization of marine resources is a vital issue to enrich marine life and to prevent species extinction caused by overfishing. Nowadays, it is common that commercial and smaller vessels are equipped with an Automatic Identification System (AIS) and GPS for better vessel tracking to avoid vessel collision as well as mayday calls. Additionally, governments can monitor vessels’ sea activities through AIS messages, stopping them from overfishing or tracking if any vessel has caused marine pollution. However, because AIS devices cannot guarantee data security, they are susceptible to malicious attacks such as message modification or an illegitimate identity faking a distress signal that causes other vessels to change their course. Given the above, a comprehensive network security system of a sustainable marine environment should be proposed to ensure secure communication. In this paper, a stationary IoT-enabled (Internet of Things) vessel tracking system of a sustainable marine environment is proposed. The system combines network security, edge computing, and tracking management. It offers the following functions: (1) The IoT-based vessel tracking system tracks each aquafarmer’s farming zone and issues periodic warning to prevent vessel collision for pursuing a sustainable marine environment; (2) the system can serve as a relay station that evaluates whether a vessel’s AIS data is correct; (3) the system detects abnormal behavior and any irregular information to law enforcement; (4) the system’s network security mechanism adopts a group key approach to ensure secure communication between vessels; and (5) the proposed edge computing mechanism enables the tracking system to perform message authentication and analysis, and to reduce computational burden for the remote or cloud server. Experiment results indicate that our proposed system is feasible, secure, and sustainable for the marine environment, and the tendered network security mechanism can reduce the computational burden while still ensuring security.
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14

Jennings, Simon, and Janette Lee. "Defining fishing grounds with vessel monitoring system data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 1 (November 14, 2011): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr173.

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Abstract Jennings, S., and Lee, J. 2012. Defining fishing grounds with vessel monitoring system data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 51–63. Methods for defining fishing grounds to support marine spatial planning and management are developed, applied, and compared. The methods are broadly applicable and repeatable because they use vessel monitoring system (VMS) data that are archived and increasingly accessible. For several fleets at regional and national scales, an attempt is made to assess how the choice of criteria for defining grounds influences (i) size, shape, and location, (ii) overlap among grounds, and (iii) the extent to which annual and multi-annual patterns of fishing activity describe grounds used seasonally or by individual vessels. The results show that grounds defined by excluding infrequently fished margins (areas with <10% of total fishing activity) are typically 50% smaller than total fished area. However, landings weight or value (LWV) per unit activity can be higher at the margins, with 10% of activity usually accounting for 10–20% of LWV. The removal of fishing activity in the margins, as a consequence of regulation or fleet behaviour, would lead to disproportionately greater reductions in interactions with other fisheries, sectors, and the environment. Accessible high-resolution information on the “anatomy” of all fishing grounds would better inform debates on the allocation and the use of marine space and the integration of fisheries and environmental management.
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15

Jung, Min, and Chae-Uk Song. "Concept & Implementation of Three-Layered Vessel Traffic Management System." Journal of Navigation and Port Research 34, no. 2 (March 31, 2010): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5394/kinpr.2010.34.2.091.

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16

Ishikawa, Atsushi. "Vessel Operation Management System “Voyage Watcher” for EU MRV Compliance." Marine Engineering 53, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 641–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5988/jime.53.641.

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17

Wang, Gang, and Zhi Gang Chen. "Function Design of PDM System for Small-Medium Scale Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Enterprises." Advanced Materials Research 291-294 (July 2011): 2287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.291-294.2287.

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According to the process feature of Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Enterprises,a PDM system for Small-medium Scale Pressure Vessel Manufacturing Enterprises was designed .The system includes many functions such as document management,project management,BOM management,changement management, user’s permissions management.The integration with CAX,ERP,etc.were also considered in the system.The key techniques and conditions in software to realize the functions were explained.The system avoids information isolated between workshops and sections, improves the sharing and Integrality of enterprise’s information.It is useful for management and controlling of Pressure Vessel process and product quality.
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18

Berezenko, Sergey Dmitrievich, Kseniya Vyacheslavovna Penkovskaya, and Vyacheslav Ivanovich Menshikov. "Evaluating efficiency of data flow transmission in network “captain of fishing vessel - company’s designated person”." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2021, no. 1 (February 26, 2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2021-1-39-43.

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The article considers the effective control of the company's vessels safety in the fishing area, which depends on the rational organization of information flows in the networks of safety management systems. There has been shown a directed graph demonstrating the model of dependence on the rational organization of information flows between the captains of ships and the appointed person of the company. The information redundancy in the “captain - designee” and “designee - captain” channels is stated to lead to congestion and omissions of important fishing and navigation messages. It has been found that for a given accuracy of predicting the data of the controlled parameters of the ship's safety, as well as for the given data transfer rate, the necessary tact in transmitting the data through the communication channels of the safety management system can be accurately estimated. There are considered two versions, when the random component obeys either the normal law or the exponential distribution law. The obtained ratios are analyzed to determine the amount of information and tact in its transmission for some technical and operational parameters of the vessel in the fishing area from the captain of the vessel to the designated person of the company. It is shown that by estimating the amount of information and the necessary speed of its transmission through the communication channels of the safety management system for each vessel, it is possible to build a rational system for managing the safety of the company's vessels in the fishing area.
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19

Khondoker, M. R. Hasan, and K. R. Hasan. "Waste management of a maritime port-the case of Mongla port authority." Journal of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering 17, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jname.v17i2.48925.

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During voyage of a ship from one port to another, different types of wastes generated due to operation of the ship and livelihood of the crews, which fall under the scope of international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, MARPOL 73/78. It is seen that almost 1000 nos. of ships are calling in to Mongla port every year which is gradually increasing day by day. However, there is no waste management system in the port now. IMO has recognized that provisions of proper wastes collection vessel as well as oil spill management vessel and reception facilities are crucial for effective MARPOL implementation in the maritime port. In view of the same, the feasibility of establishment of a standard and modern waste management system for Mongla port has been studied. First of all, amount of different types of wastes sourced from the shipping operation at the port of Mongla has been estimated following standard procedure and to facilitate the necessary services to incoming ships, a proposal has been made to procure a waste collection vessel, oil spill collection vessels and port reception and treatment facilities by Mongla Port Authority along with other necessary vessels and equipment. The procurement, operation and maintenance costs as well as revenue to be collected from the incoming ships for wastes quantities, alternative uses of the vessels and facilities and earnings from selling the product of the treatment have been examined. It is found from the study that the investment is technically, financially and economically viable.
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Park. "Application of Construction Equipment Fleet Management System through the Case Study of Air and Vessel Traffic Control Technology." Journal of the Korean Society of Civil Engineers 35, no. 2 (2015): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.12652/ksce.2015.35.2.0493.

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21

Luo, Xiu Bo, De Min Xu, and Xiao Mei Hu. "Research of Oil Quality Online Monitoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 686 (October 2014): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.686.145.

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The quality of oil determines the status and life of the devices. However, most Chinese vessels have not equipped with on-line oil quality testing facilities. Therefore, a special on-line oil quality monitoring system for vessels is designed to real-time monitor of oil pollution change. An alarm signal or control signal based on the monitoring results is sent, which supports the purifier automatically and water, particles and gases are removed from the oil to maintain a good oil quality. The system is developed and implemented in the vessel corporation and has a good prospect of application. The application of this system will promote the process of the intelligent device management.
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22

Bui, Truong M. N., Truong Q. Dinh, James Marco, and Chris Watts. "Development and Real-Time Performance Evaluation of Energy Management Strategy for a Dynamic Positioning Hybrid Electric Marine Vessel." Electronics 10, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10111280.

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Hybridisation of energy sources in marine vessels has been recognized as one of the feasible solutions to improve fuel economy and achieve global emission reduction targets in the maritime sector. However, the overall performance of a hybrid vessel system is strongly dependent on the efficiency of the energy management system (EMS) that regulates the power-flow amongst the propulsion sources and the energy storage system (ESS). This study develops a simple but production-feasible and efficient EMS for a dynamic positioning (DP) hybrid electric marine vessel (HEMV) and real-time experimental evaluation within a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation environment. To support the development and evaluation, map-based performance models of HEMVs’ key components are developed. Control logics that underpin the EMS are then designed and verified. Real-time performance evaluation to assess the performance and applicability of the proposed EMS is conducted, showing the improvement over those of the conventional control strategies. The comparison using key performance indicators (KPIs) demonstrates that the proposed EMS could achieve up to 4.8% fuel saving per voyage, while the overall system performance remains unchanged as compared to that of the conventional vessel.
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Webb, A. L. "An innovative in-vessel tunnel composting system." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Waste and Resource Management 160, no. 1 (February 2007): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/warm.2007.160.1.27.

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24

Tang, Wenshuo, Darius Roman, Ross Dickie, Valentin Robu, and David Flynn. "Prognostics and Health Management for the Optimization of Marine Hybrid Energy Systems." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 4676. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184676.

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Decarbonization of marine transport is a key global issue, with the carbon emissions of international shipping projected to increase 23% to 1090 million tonnes by 2035 in comparison to 2015 levels. Optimization of the energy system (especially propulsion system) in these vessels is a complex multi-objective challenge involving economical maintenance, environmental metrics, and energy demand requirements. In this paper, data from instrumented vessels on the River Thames in London, which includes environmental emissions, power demands, journey patterns, and variance in operational patterns from the captain(s) and loading (passenger numbers), is integrated and analyzed through automatic, multi-objective global optimization to create an optimal hybrid propulsion configuration for a hybrid vessel. We propose and analyze a number of computational techniques, both for monitoring and remaining useful lifetime (RUL) estimation of individual energy assets, as well as modeling and optimization of energy use scenarios of a hybrid-powered vessel. Our multi-objective optimization relates to emissions, asset health, and power performance. We show that, irrespective of the battery packs used, our Relevance Vector Machine (RVM) algorithm is able to achieve over 92% accuracy in remaining useful life (RUL) predictions. A k-nearest neighbors algorithm (KNN) is proposed for prognostics of state of charge (SOC) of back-up lead-acid batteries. The classifier achieved an average of 95.5% accuracy in a three-fold cross validation. Utilizing operational data from the vessel, optimal autonomous propulsion strategies are modeled combining the use of battery and diesel engines. The experiment results show that 70% to 80% of fuel saving can be achieved when the diesel engine is operated up to 350 kW. Our methodology has demonstrated the feasibility of combination of artificial intelligence (AI) methods and real world data in decarbonization and optimization of green technologies for maritime propulsion.
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LIM, Dong-Kyu, Hyeong-Il SHIN, Dae-Jae LEE, Hyung-suk KIM, Seok-Jae KIM, and Yoo-Won LEE. "Fishing Management Using Automatic Fishing Information Recording System of Fishing Vessel." Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 38, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/kfas.2005.38.1.070.

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Zhang, Weibin, Xinyu Feng, Yong Qi, Feng Shu, Yijin Zhang, and Yinhai Wang. "Towards a Model of Regional Vessel Near-miss Collision Risk Assessment for Open Waters based on AIS Data." Journal of Navigation 72, no. 06 (May 22, 2019): 1449–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331900033x.

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The absence of a regional, open water vessel collision risk assessment system endangers maritime traffic and hampers safety management. Most recent studies have analysed the risk of collision for a pair of vessels and propose micro-level risk models. This study proposes a new method that combines density complexity and a multi-vessel collision risk operator for assessing regional vessel collision risk. This regional model considers spatial and temporal features of vessel trajectory in an open water area and assesses multi-vessel near-miss collision risk through danger probabilities and possible consequences of collision risks via four types of possible relative striking positions. Finally, the clustering method of multi-vessel encountering risk, based on the proposed model, is used to identify high-risk collision areas, which allow reliable and accurate analysis to aid implementation of safety measures.
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Chiu, Michelle, and Anita Datta. "Childhood Small Vessel Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System: A Treatable Cause of Super-refractory Status Epilepticus." Journal of Child Neurology 35, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073819872579.

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Childhood primary angiitis of the central nervous system (cPACNS) is a rare inflammatory disease of brain vessels. The small vessel subtype is diagnosed on brain biopsy and often presents with cognitive and behavioral changes, headaches, and seizures. However, there are few reported cases of super-refractory status epilepticus in children. We present a case of small vessel cPACNS complicated by super-refractory status epilepticus requiring burst suppression for 4 weeks in addition to multiple antiseizure medications and the ketogenic diet. Our patient was also treated with intravenous and oral steroids, intravenous immunoglobulin, and cyclophosphamide before starting maintenance therapy with mycophenolate mofetil. After prolonged rehabilitation, he recovered almost completely and has a normal neurologic examination with rare epileptiform activity on electroencephalogram (EEG). This is one of the longest cases of status epilepticus in small vessel cPACNS in the literature. We illustrate that super-refractory status epilepticus can be the first manifestation of small vessel cPACNS in previously healthy children and that symptomatic management of seizures with concurrent immunosuppression to treat the underlying pathology resulted in favorable neurologic outcomes.
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Martikan, Milan, Frantisek Brumercik, and Ronald Bastovansky. "Development of Mechatronic Deformation System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 803 (October 2015): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.803.173.

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The paper describes a comprehensive management system concept and implementation of the development of the production strain crystallization vessel of molybdenum sheet for the production of single crystal sapphire.
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Peel, David, and Norman M. Good. "A hidden Markov model approach for determining vessel activity from vessel monitoring system data." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 7 (July 2011): 1252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-055.

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Many fisheries worldwide have adopted vessel monitoring systems (VMS) for compliance purposes. An added benefit of these systems is that they collect a large amount of data on vessel locations at very fine spatial and temporal scales. This data can provide a wealth of information for stock assessment, research, and management. However, since most VMS implementations record vessel location at set time intervals with no regard to vessel activity, some methodology is required to determine which data records correspond to fishing activity. This paper describes a probabilistic approach, based on hidden Markov models (HMMs), to determine vessel activity. A HMM provides a natural framework for the problem and, by definition, models the intrinsic temporal correlation of the data. The paper describes the general approach that was developed and presents an example of this approach applied to the Queensland trawl fishery off the coast of eastern Australia. Finally, a simulation experiment is presented that compares the misallocation rates of the HMM approach with other approaches.
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Venskus, Julius, Povilas Treigys, and Jurita Markevičiūtė. "Unsupervised marine vessel trajectory prediction using LSTM network and wild bootstrapping techniques." Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 26, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 718–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/namc.2021.26.23056.

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Increasing intensity in maritime traffic pushes the requirement in better preventionoriented incident management system. Observed regularities in data could help to predict vessel movement from previous vessels trajectory data and make further movement predictions under specific traffic and weather conditions. However, the task is burden by the fact that the vessels behave differently in different geographical sea regions, sea ports, and their trajectories depends on the vessel type as well. The model must learn spatio-temporal patterns representing vessel trajectories and should capture vessel’s position relation to both space and time. The authors of the paper proposes new unsupervised trajectory prediction with prediction regions at arbitrary probabilities using two methods: LSTM prediction region learning and wild bootstrapping. Results depict that both the autoencoder-based and wild bootstrapping region prediction algorithms can predict vessel trajectory and be applied for abnormal marine traffic detection by evaluating obtained prediction region in an unsupervised manner with desired prediction probability.
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Awan and Al Ghamdi. "Understanding the Vulnerabilities in Digital Components of An Integrated Bridge System (IBS)." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 10 (October 2, 2019): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100350.

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The adoption of the global positioning system (GPS) within the marine industry has revolutionized the marine operations by condensing the navigation of a vessel into an integrated bridge system (IBS). An IBS acts as the main command and control of a vessel as it interconnects various digital devices used for navigation in open seas and is also connected to other on-board systems of a vessel e.g., navigation and control, propulsion and machinery management system, cargo management system and safety management system, core infra structure systems, administrative and crew welfare systems, etc. Additionally, it also provides a gateway to the Internet, thus, leaving not only an IBS vulnerable but also all the on-board systems vulnerable to cyber-attacks. We, in this study, have collected historical evidences about various vulnerable digital components in an IBS to better understand the security and privacy challenges associated with the vulnerable IBS components. Our study is the first of its kind that involves collection and review of 59 historical accidents reported in literature and has highlighted various vulnerability patterns, their causes and consequences, with geographical as well as temporal relationships for different vulnerable IBS components. The vulnerabilities of IBS components were reportedly exploited using various cyber-attack techniques e.g., jamming, spoofing, hijacking, etc. This review paper also forms a baseline for future work on vulnerabilities of IBS and maritime cyber security.
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32

Back, Minyoung, Donghan Kim, Sang-Wan Kim, and Joong-Sun Won. "Two-Dimensional Ship Velocity Estimation Based on KOMPSAT-5 Synthetic Aperture Radar Data." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 21, 2019): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121474.

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Continuously accumulating information on vessels and their activities in coastal areas of interest is important for maintaining sustainable fisheries resources and coastal ecosystems. The speed, heading, sizes, and activities of vessels in certain seasons and at certain times of day are useful information for sustainable coastal management. This paper presents a two-dimensional vessel velocity estimation method using the KOMPSAT-5 (K5) X-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system and Doppler parameter estimation. The estimation accuracy was evaluated by two field campaigns in 2017 and 2018. The minimum size of the vessel and signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) for optimum estimation were determined to be 20 m and 7.7 dB, respectively. The squared correlation coefficient R2 for vessel speed and heading angle were 0.89 and 0.97, respectively, and the root-mean-square errors of the speed and heading were 1.09 m/s (2.1 knots) and 17.9°, respectively, based on 19 vessels that satisfied the criteria of minimum size of vessel and SCR. Because the K5 SAR is capable of observing a selected coastal region every day by utilizing various modes, it is feasible to accumulate a large quantity of vessel data for coastal sea for eventual use in building a coastal traffic model.
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33

Choi, Jung-Leyl, and Sung-Geun Lee. "High safety battery management system of DC power source for hybrid vessel." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering 40, no. 7 (September 30, 2016): 635–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2016.40.7.635.

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Zhao, Feiyang, Wenming Yang, Woei Wan Tan, Wenbin Yu, Jiasheng Yang, and Siaw Kiang Chou. "Power management of vessel propulsion system for thrust efficiency and emissions mitigation." Applied Energy 161 (January 2016): 124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.10.022.

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35

Millick, Sujata S. "Design Considerations for Oceanographic Research Vessels." Marine Technology Society Journal 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533201788057937.

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As the oceanographic research vessel community prepares for updating its fleet of research vessels, they must consider vessel designs that improve the capability of the fleet to support science in the near and long-term. Advances in informational technologies have changed the "instruments" of science and resulted in the ability to study ocean processes in smaller time and space scales than before. While, networked structures on the ocean floor, remote sensing, and autonomous vehicles will allow oceanographers to synoptically measure the environment, ships will remain the "host-platforms" for such research. However, deployment and recovery of such systems, requires that future designs incorporate capabilities for increased speed, seakeeping, acoustic quietness, efficient power management systems, and lifecycle considerations. Consideration of such issues in the design phases will allow for the development of a technologically advanced ship that can serve the research community in the near and long-term.A major aspect of oceanography through the decades has been the availability of research vessels for science. However, the access to and the capability of such vessels under the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) must not be taken for granted. Changes in the oceanographer's ability to make measurements at smaller and smaller sampling scales are brought on by advents in computational and information technologies. These changes necessitate that the researcher's "host-platform" evolves to handle these new observing systems. This evolution can include, but is not limited to speed, seakeeping, efficient ship power arrangements, and acoustic quietness. While each subject can be the focus of detailed individual papers, this article presents a general discussion on four elements of oceanographic research vessel design—hull concepts, power systems, acoustics, and life cycle management.
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Aanes, Sondre, Kjell Nedreaas, and Sigbjørn Ulvatn. "Estimation of total retained catch based on frequency of fishing trips, inspections at sea, transhipment, and VMS data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 68, no. 8 (May 2, 2011): 1598–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsr117.

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Abstract Aanes, S., Nedreaas, K., and Ulvatn, S. 2011. Estimation of total retained catch based on frequency of fishing trips, inspections at sea, transhipment, and VMS data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 1598–1605. The satellite-based vessel monitoring system in the Norwegian Economic Zone provides detailed information about individual trips by vessels. Vessel sizes are available through official registries, and the storage capacity for fish is estimated using the established conversion factors as a function of the vessel's gross registered tonnage. Scientists have had access to the database of both transport and fishing vessels, with records for individual trips, in addition to information about the total round weight (whole fish) of cod and haddock for trips inspected by the coastguard. The analysis assumes that trips with complete documentation of the fish on board are a random sample, so allowing estimation of the mean amount of both cod and haddock per trip, and annual totals give the number of trips per vessel annually. ICES has accepted this methodology for estimating illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) catches, which has resulted in 15 000–166 000 t (3–35%) being added to the officially reported landings of Northeast Arctic cod during the years 2002–2008. IUU landings have decreased in recent years, but are so important for assessment and management that estimates continue to be made annually.
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Wang, Senjie, and Zhengwei He. "A prediction model of vessel trajectory based on generative adversarial network." Journal of Navigation 74, no. 5 (April 26, 2021): 1161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463321000382.

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AbstractTrajectory prediction is an important support for analysing the vessel motion behaviour, judging the vessel traffic risk and collision avoidance route planning of intelligent ships. To improve the accuracy of trajectory prediction in complex situations, a Generative Adversarial Network with Attention Module and Interaction Module (GAN-AI) is proposed to predict the trajectories of multiple vessels. Firstly, GAN-AI can infer all vessels’ future trajectories simultaneously when in the same local area. Secondly, GAN-AI is based on adversarial architecture and trained by competition for better convergence. Thirdly, an interactive module is designed to extract the group motion features of the multiple vessels, to achieve better performance at the ship encounter situations. GAN-AI has been tested on the historical trajectory data of Zhoushan port in China; the experimental results show that the GAN-AI model improves the prediction accuracy by 20%, 24% and 72% compared with sequence to sequence (seq2seq), plain GAN, and the Kalman model. It is of great significance to improve the safety management level of the vessel traffic service system and judge the degree of ship traffic risk.
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38

Gao, Xueping, and Lijun Fu. "SOC Optimization Based Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Vessel Integrated Power System." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 54611–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981545.

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39

Kitowski, Zygmunt. "System Architecture of Mission Planning and Autonomous Surface Vessel Control." Solid State Phenomena 210 (October 2013): 252–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.210.252.

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The paper presents system architecture of mission planning and autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) "Edredon" control. The modular structure of the system makes possible realization of many tasks related to an ASV management. Due to appropriate configuration of its modules, it can perform such tasks as: mission planning on the command post, autonomous control of an ASV, as well as to serve as a training simulator for operators training and a simulator for ASVs control algorithms evaluation.
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40

Fateev, Nikolai, and Iryna Zaporozhets. "ORGANIZATION OF THE PROJECT MANAGEMENT OFFICE OF SHIP REPAIR ENTERPRISE." Three Seas Economic Journal 1, no. 2 (December 8, 2020): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2661-5150/2020-2-8.

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The aim of the article is to study the features of ship repair production and, accordingly, develop recommendations for the composition of the functions of the project management office, its structure and stages of development. The characteristics of ship repair production, which determine its features and the structure of management of a ship repair enterprise, are systematically presented. The subject of the study is the models and methods of project management, programs and project portfolios of ship repair enterprises. The object of the study is the corporate project management system of a ship repair enterprise. The project-oriented nature of ship repair production, combined with a high degree of uncertainty in the planning and implementation of ship repair projects, identifies the need to use deterministic network models with a probabilistic estimate of the duration of work. To reduce risks in conditions of uncertainty, it is proposed to use Agile technologies, which organically complement the matrix organizational structure of a ship repair enterprise and ensure effective cooperation with the customer and the success of the business as a whole. The creation of a project management office is proposed to be implemented as a development system that includes four stages of maturity. The key functions of the project management office at each stage of development have been formulated. The role of the information model of the vessel in the implementation of the 6D design methodology, which provides monitoring during the operation of the vessel, predicting the degree of wear of the vessel's elements over time, is justified. The MS Project Standard package allows building interfaces with the information model of the vessel to obtain the parameters of the hull structures, characteristics of the mechanisms and equipment of the vessel, as well as recommendations for repair technology. An important function of the project management office is to participate in the strategic management of project portfolios. To implement this function in the enterprise management system, certain prerequisites for the development of portfolio management must be formed: a formalized strategy, metrics for evaluating projects for compliance with the strategy, a certain culture of management decisions. The duration of vessel repair determines the time of decommissioning. This important strategic indicator is the basis for the formulation of BS (balanced scorecard). An important task of the project management office is to implement feedback and provide information on the status of achieving the planned indicators at all levels of enterprise management. The structure of the function and tools of the project management office are determined by the management of the enterprise depending on the number and complexity of the ship repair projects, level of development of the corporate information system of the enterprise, availability of specialists with appropriate qualifications. The project management office will provide effective communication between project management and functional services of the enterprise, which will significantly improve the quality of the enterprise management system as a whole. The organization of the project management office in the management system of the ship repair enterprise will ensure the effective allocation of resources for projects, accounting for available resources of the enterprise, coordination of goals and tasks of individual projects with strategic plans of the enterprise. All this is aimed at reducing costs and increasing the competitiveness of the ship repair enterprise.
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41

Lee, Janette, Andy B. South, and Simon Jennings. "Developing reliable, repeatable, and accessible methods to provide high-resolution estimates of fishing-effort distributions from vessel monitoring system (VMS) data." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 6 (March 4, 2010): 1260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsq010.

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Abstract Lee, J., South, A. B., and Jennings, S. 2010. Developing reliable, repeatable, and accessible methods to provide high-resolution estimates of fishing-effort distributions from vessel monitoring system (VMS) data. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 1260–1271. Vessel monitoring systems (VMS) are used primarily for fisheries enforcement purposes, but also provide information on the spatial and temporal distribution of fishing activity for use in fisheries and environmental assessment and management. A reliable, repeatable, and accessible method using readily available software for estimating fishing effort from unprocessed VMS data is developed, tested, and applied. Caveats associated with the method are identified, and the biases introduced by our assumptions are quantified. Application of the method provides a high-resolution description of gear-specific fishing activity by UK vessels. An index is developed to describe variation in the spatial pattern of fishing effort generated by different gears. The proposed method for VMS analysis involves removing duplicate VMS records and records close to ports, calculating the time interval between successive records to identify periods of activity, linking each record to a vessel and gear type, differentiating fishing and non-fishing activity, and summing fishing records in time and space to estimate fishing effort. The approach is a step towards the development of standardized methods to facilitate wider exchange and use of European VMS data. A clear audit trail for the methods of VMS analysis already used to inform management needs to be documented.
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42

Rind, Sobia, Soo-Jong Mo, and Yung-Ho Yu. "Study on development of vessel shore report management system for IMO MSP 8." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering 40, no. 5 (June 30, 2016): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2016.40.5.418.

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43

Shang, Zhen, Shifan Zhu, Duanfeng Han, and Yang Yin. "Knowledge representation and data management of ontology-based vessel man-machine-environment system." International Journal of Materials and Product Technology 53, no. 2 (2016): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijmpt.2016.076416.

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44

Xiong, Liuqing, Haibo Gao, Rosemary Norman, Kayvan Pazouki, Zhiguo Lin, and Serena Lim. "Optimal Design of Propulsion System Configuration for Electrically Propelled Unmanned Surface Vehicle." Journal of Ship Research 65, no. 01 (March 17, 2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/josr.01190001.

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Unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) are vessels that operate without any crew onboard. There is an increased demand for USVs in recent years, particularly for the use of water quality monitoring and ocean data mapping. In China, USVs are widely used as a luring fish boat which acts as the assisting boat of light luring seine vessel. One of the main problems of such boat is that the traditional propulsion system is poorly matched with the high energy consumption that is required during certain specific operation, which results in poor vessel performance. A hybrid electric propulsion system configuration solution is proposed to increase the overall propulsion efficiency of such USVs. The typical operating profile was identified and a comprehensive simulation was conducted to demonstrate the compatibility during vessel operations. An intelligent equipment selection analysis was also carried out to recommend the optimal equipment selection by considering a multiobjective problem. The result shows that the configuration solution proposed can reduce fuel consumption and the optimal intelligent selection method can provide a suitable selection solution for decision makers. This article highlights an energy management strategy focusing on the threshold method based on support vector machine pattern recognition. A multiobjective particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the dynamic inertia weight and chaotic motion was used to optimize the equipment selection by considering fuel consumption and emissions. The proposed propulsion system configuration and equipment selection solution can be implemented for the design of USVs, which has a routine fixed operating pattern.
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45

Karetnikov, Vladimir, Sergey Shakhnov, and Aleksandra Ivanova. "Test water areas for testing technical means of unmanned water transport. The main directions of patenting the results of research and development." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 08005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124408005.

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The test water area is designed for testing, monitoring and navigation of unmanned surface vessel, both in offline mode and in remote control mode. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the thematic search for security documents (applications, patents for inventions and utility models, certificates for computer programs) in the field of testing of technical means of unmanned water transport. There are six groups of patents in this area: test water area; experimental (test) basin; method (technique) of the test (system, complex for tests); test device; test program; remote control (management, monitoring) of the vessel. The distribution of patent documents by type, years, and countries is presented. It was found that almost half of the selected patent documents are applications for inventions, and in 2017-2018, the largest number of protection documents were registered. It is revealed that the Republic of Korea patents the most inventions in this field of research and development, Chinese organizations take the lead in applications for inventions, and Russia mainly registers computer programs. The overall leadership in the development of technical means for the control, management and monitoring, as well as testing of unmanned surface vessels belongs to China. China actively patents its developments in such areas as “test methods” and “remote control, management and monitoring of an unmanned surface vessel”. Russia is a leader in the following areas: “programs for test water areas and experimental basins” and “programs for testing unmanned surface vessels”. The Republic of Korea is a leader in the field of “devices for testing unmanned surface vessels”.
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46

Frey, Devin Joseph, Avdesh Mishra, Md Tamjidul Hoque, Mahdi Abdelguerfi, and Thomas Soniat. "A Machine Learning Approach to Determine Oyster Vessel Behavior." Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 64–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/make1010004.

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In this work, we address a multi-class classification task of oyster vessel behaviors determination by classifying them into four different classes: fishing, traveling, poling (exploring) and docked (anchored). The main purpose of this work is to automate the oyster vessel behaviors determination task using machine learning and to explore different techniques to improve the accuracy of the oyster vessel behavior prediction problem. To employ machine learning technique, two important descriptors: speed and net speed, are calculated from the trajectory data, recorded by a satellite communication system (Vessel Management System, VMS) attached to the vessels fishing on the public oyster grounds of Louisiana. We constructed a support vector machine (SVM) based method which employs Radial Basis Function (RBF) as a kernel to accurately predict the behavior of oyster vessels. Several validation and parameter optimization techniques were used to improve the accuracy of the SVM classifier. A total 93% of the trajectory data from a July 2013 to August 2014 dataset consisting of 612,700 samples for which the ground truth can be obtained using rule-based classifier is used for validation and independent testing of our method. The results show that the proposed SVM based method is able to correctly classify 99.99% of 612,700 samples using the 10-fold cross validation. Furthermore, we achieved a precision of 1.00, recall of 1.00, F1-score of 1.00 and a test accuracy of 99.99%, while performing an independent test using a subset of 93% of the dataset, which consists of 31,418 points.
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47

Ince, A. N., and E. Topuz. "Modelling and Simulation for Safe and Efficient Navigation in Narrow Waterways." Journal of Navigation 57, no. 1 (January 2004): 53–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463303002510.

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This paper outlines the design of a Vessel Traffic Management and Information System (VTMIS) for the Turkish Straits and taking this as an example shows how modelling and simulation may aid safe and efficient navigation of vessels through waterways which are narrow and winding with changing currents and are therefore difficult to navigate and prone to accidents. Ship Handling and Vessel Traffic Flow simulation models and Hyrographic Prediction model are described and the simulation trials conducted under different traffic and environment conditions are discussed to show the role that these prediction and simulation programmes can play in preventing marine casualities in different waterways, which may result in loss of human lifes and property and contamination of the environment.
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48

Hu, Liang Deng, Chi Sun, Zhi Hua Zhao, and Yu Lin Chen. "Design of Control Console for Vessel Integrated Power Propulsion Subsystem." Advanced Materials Research 846-847 (November 2013): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.846-847.347.

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This The integrated power system (IPS) to be used in future ships will be a big leap in the building of ship power platforms, representing the prospective direction of in the development of ship power systems. A centralized control console with PLC(Programmable Logic Control) and touch screen has been designed for the propulsion subsystem of the vessel integrated power system. The centralized control console is mainly used to monitor the operations of the propulsion motor and propulsion inverter and to make remote control communications with the propulsion display and control console of energy management. This paper has made a detailed description of its hardware, software and communication, and given full account of the PLC program as well as the process of the start-up, speed regulation and shutdown performed by the propulsion subsystem under local or remote control. The site tests prove that the designed centralized control console can effectively monitor the running conditions of the propulsion subsystem and improve the digitalization, intelligent capability, stability and reliability of the vessel integrated power system, which will be of reference value to the research on ship automatic management and long-distance monitoring.
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49

Nosov, Pavlo, Serhii Zinchenko, Andrii Ben, Yurii Prokopchuk, Pavlo Mamenko, Ihor Popovych, Vladyslav Moiseienko, and Dmytro Kruglyj. "Navigation safety control system development through navigator action prediction by data mining means." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 9 (110) (April 30, 2021): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.229237.

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Taking into account current trends in the development of ergatic maritime transport systems, the factors of the navigator’s influence on vessel control processes were determined. Within the framework of the research hypothesis, to improve navigation safety, it is necessary to apply predictive data mining models and automated vessel control. The paper proposes a diagram of the ergatic vessel control system and a model for identifying the influence of the navigator “human factor” during navigation. Within the framework of the model based on the principles of navigator decision trees, prediction by data mining means is applied, taking into account the identifiers of the occurrence of a critical situation. Based on the prediction results, a method for optimal vessel control in critical situations was developed, which is triggered at the nodes of the navigator decision tree, which reduces the likelihood of a critical impact on vessel control. The proposed approaches were tested in the research laboratory “Development of decision support systems, ergatic and automated vessel control systems”. The use of the Navi Trainer 5,000 navigation simulator (Wärtsilä Corporation, Finland) and simulation of the navigation safety control system for critical situations have confirmed its effectiveness. As a result of testing, it was determined that the activation of the system allowed reducing the likelihood of critical situations by 18–54 %. In 11 % of cases, the system switched the vessel control processes to automatic mode and, as a result, reduced the risk of emergencies. The use of automated data mining tools made it possible to neutralize the negative influence of the “human factor” of the navigator and to reduce the average maneuvering time during vessel navigation to 23 %
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50

Hadley, Mike. "Issues in Remote Pilotage." Journal of Navigation 52, no. 1 (January 1999): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463398008182.

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This paper was presented at the World Congress of the International Association of Institutes of Navigation (IAIN) held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 17–21 November 1997.Remote, or shore-based, pilotage means different things to different people, despite a definition being produced by the European and International Maritime Pilots Associations. The debate about it is set in the context of increasing public awareness of the environment and a downward pressure on costs; these in themselves make for uncomfortable bedfellows. However, this sets the scene for the current aspirations within the European Union for vessel traffic management and the ongoing research into Vessel Traffic Services (VTS) and Vessel Traffic Management and Information Services (VTMIS). The technology to implement navigational assistance of a fairly high order is already in place, but there are still problems to be overcome before the concept can be taken further. Commonly recurring concerns over remote pilotage are the inadequacies of radar, difficulties with language, lack of ‘feel’ for the ship, which includes the on-board pilot's assessment of the quality of the vessel's crew, and the lack of ship motion data. Differential GPS is now capable of aiding automatic docking of some specialized vessels, but it has emerged, most recently at the IALA VTS Committee meeting, that ECDIS has shortcomings when being considered as the geographic information system of a VTS. Transponders are the subject of yet another debate, but will the data that they can convey be able to replace an on-board pilot?
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