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1
Gardiner, Andrew A. "Small animal practice in British veterinary medicine 1920-1956." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532236.
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Rathinasabapathy, G., and L. Rajendran. "Web-based Digital Resources for Small Animal Medicine Professionals." e-Science World, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/299578.
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The Internet which is also known as ‘Information Superhighway’, ‘Global
Information Infrastructure’, ‘Cyberspace’, ‘Hyperspace’ etc., connects
millions of computers in a web and makes almost immediate
communication possible, irrespective of the location of its users. The
Internet provides huge resources that are useful for veterinary and animal
science professionals and the amount of accessible veterinary medicine
information is increasing rapidly. Ideally, this could provide a formidable
opportunity for Veterinarians to exchange and process veterinary
medicine information with colleagues around the world from their
desktop. Though the Internet offers virtually unlimited amount of
information related to small animal medicine and surgery and provides a
number of tools to access, it is useful in at least three aspects related to
veterinary medicine and surgery viz., communication, education and
research. This paper attempts to profile such important digital knowledge resources useful for small animal veterinary medicine professionals.
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Morgado, Inês Santinhos. "Clínica e cirurgia de animais de companhia: “abdómen agudo”." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29765.
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O presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito do estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado de Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora, encontra-se dividido em duas partes. Inicialmente foi analisada a casuística observada ao longo do estágio, que notou um destaque da casuística de clínica médica e de exames complementares de diagnóstico. Em seguida foi realizada uma monografia sobre abdómen agudo em animais de companhia, que incluiu a apresentação de um caso clínico num cão. O abdómen agudo corresponde a uma condição clínica aguda associada a sinais clínicos severos, carateriza-se pela presença de dor abdominal intensa e apresenta uma vasta etiologia, que inclui afeções dos diferentes órgãos e compartimentos da região. A sua avaliação e terapêutica devem ser instituídas precocemente, de forma a minimizar a morbilidade e mortalidade. As suas complicações incluem sépsis, choque sético, síndrome de resposta inflamatória sistémica e síndrome da disfunção de múltiplos órgãos, que podem ser fatais; Abstract:
Small animal medicine and surgery: “Acute abdomen”
This report, prepared within the scope of the curricular internship of the Integrated Master of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Évora, is divided in two parts. Initially, the cases observed during the internship were analysed, which noted a highlight in the cases of medical clinic and complementary diagnostic exams. Then, a monography about acute abdomen in small animals was performed, which included the presentation of a clinical case in a dog. The acute abdomen corresponds to an acute clinical condition associated with severe clinical signs, is characterized by the presence of severe abdominal pain and has a vast etiology, which includes disorders of the different organs and compartments in this area. Its evaluation and therapy should be started early, in order to decrease morbidity and mortality. Its complications include sepsis, septic shock, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, which can be fatal.
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Krasauskaitė, Ieva. "Smulkiųjų gyvūnų bendroji nejautra ir gyvybinių funkcijų stebėjimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140305_141948-81212.
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Magistro darbas buvo parengtas Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitete, Veterinarijos akademijoje 2012 – 2013 metais. Magistro darbas susideda iš turinio, įvado , literatūros apžvalgos , rezultatų ir jų aptarimo, išvadų bei padėkos .Visą darbą sudaro 41 puslapiai , 10 lentelių ir 6 diagramos. Tikslas: Įvertinti Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto Veterinarijos akademijos dr. L.Kriaučeliūno smulkiųjų gyvūnų klinikoje chirurginėje praktikoje naudojamų bendrosios nejautros metodų efektyvumą ir gyvybinių funkcijų stebėsenos svarbą. Darbo uždaviniai:1. Išnagrinėti bendrosios nejautros būdų taikymą smulkiųjų gyvūnų klinikoje.2. Įvertinti stebėjimo (monitoravimo) rodiklius.3. Stebėti ir įvertinti pasitaikančias komplikacijas, taikomus būdus joms pašalinti bei jų prevenciją.This master work was prepared in Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Veterinary Academy in 2012 – 2013 years. This master work compiles from a content, introduction, review of literature, results, consideration, conclusion, and thanks. The master work consists of 41 pages and includes 10 tables and 6 pictures. The aim: Rate of small animal surgical techniques used in general anesthesia effectiveness and the importance of monitoring vital functions. The tasks: 1. Examine general anesthesia techniques by the small animal clinic.2. Monitoring indicators.3. Monitoring of common complications, their prevention and ways to remove them. After study shows that the development is an important vital functions the animal's age, breed, health status, complexity of procedures performed and the medicinal use for its intended purpose.
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Coelho, Ana Maria Tomaz. "Small Animal Medicine and Surgery." Master's thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63617.
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Coelho, Ana Maria Tomaz. "Small Animal Medicine and Surgery." Dissertação, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/63617.
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Barwick, Ian M. "Drug recovery from medicated animal feeds." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1993. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10360.
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Investigations into the poor recovery of sulphadimidine from medicated animal feeds have shown that irreversible drug-feed binding, and not drug degradation, is responsible for the poor recoveries. The experimental work involved the novel use of C-sulphadimidine in analytical studies and in autoradiography of C-sulphadimidine-bound feed. The latter showed that the drug was not bound preferentially to specific feed constituents but was widely distributed on nearly all the feed particles. Further work on sulphadimidine recovery from feeds demonstrated an inverse relationship between drug recovery and feed moisture content. The role of moisture in the binding mechanism was then considered, and experiments conducted on the adsorption of moisture by feeds showed that the rate controlling mechanism was diffusion. A hypothesis is presented in which sulphadimidine is partially dissolved by the moisture in the feed and the resulting solution then diffuses into the internal regions of the feed particles via pores and cracks in the constituent particles. The deep penetration of the drug into the feed prevents the drug from being recovered by the extraction solution. Experimental evidence was found to support this hypothesis. Experimental work also investigated the causes of poor recoveries of sulphadiazine, trimethoprim and dinitolmide.
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Oruko, Leonard Otieno. "Delivery of animal health services in Kenya." Thesis, University of Reading, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285826.
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Weir, Allan John. "Measurement of benzimidazoles and their metabolites in animal tissues." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293469.
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Papasouliotis, Konstaninos. "Aspects of small intestinal function in cats and dogs." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259547.
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Guterres, Karina Affeldt. "Microrganismos de lesões cutâneas de pequenos animais: Resistência a antimicrobianos e bioprospecção de extratos de plantas da família Lamiaceae e Fabaceae." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3417.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Esporotricose é uma micose subcutânea que afeta humanos e animais, sendo causada por fungos do complexo Sporothrix, incluindo a espécie S. brasiliensis. O itraconazol é considerado o fármaco de primeira escolha para o tratamento, porém algumas espécies fúngicas têm demonstrado maior resistência a este antifúngico. Neste contexto, tem se buscado novos tratamentos, destacando-se pesquisas com plantas medicinais. Dessa forma, objetivou-se avaliar a atividade antifúngica do extrato hidroalcoólico de Bauhinia forficata frente a isolados de Sporothrix brasiliensis. A técnica de microdiluição em caldo foi utilizada para avaliar sensibilidade de sete isolados fúngicos (n=1 canino e n=6 felinos) frente a dez concentrações do extrato (100 a 0,19mg/mL), utilizando-se como controle positivo itraconazol (0,5-64 μg/ml). Nas concentrações estudadas foi evidenciada CIM de 100 mg/mL do extrato hidroalcoólico de B. forficata frente ao S. brasiliensis, porém os valores de CFM foram superiores a 100 mg/mL para todos isolados. Em relação ao itraconazol, cinco dos isolados (71,4%) apresentaram CFM de 64 μg/ml. Maiores estudos acerca da atividade da planta, utilizando outras formas de extratos, diferentes concentrações e outras partes vegetais devem ser realizados, visto que esta apresenta atividade frente a outros microrganismos, incluindo fungos, podendo vir a ser um bom alvo para estudo no tratamento da esporotricose.
Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis affecting humans and animals and is caused by Sporothrix complex of fungi, including species S. brasiliensis. Itraconazoleis considered the drug of choice for treatment, but some fungal species have shown greater resistance to this antifungal. In this context, has sought new treatments, especially research on medicinal plants. This work aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of hydroalcoholic extract of Bauhinia forficata against isolates of Sporothrix brasiliensis. The broth microdilution technique was used to evaluate sensitivity seven fungal isolates (n = 1 canine and n = 6 feline) against ten extract concentrations (100 to 0,19 mg/mL) , using as a positive control itraconazole (0,5 - 64 mg/mL). The concentrations studied was observed MIC of 100 mg / mL of alcoholic extract of B. forficata against S. brasiliensis, but the CFM values were greater than 100 mg / mL for all isolates. Regarding itraconazole, five isolates (71,4 %) showed 64 CFM/mL. Further studies on the plant activity using other forms of extracts, different concentrations and other plant parts must be carried out, as it has activity against other microorganisms, including fungi and could be a good target for study in the treatment of sporotrichosis.
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Collins, Alison Jane. "Ontogeny of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in the pig small intestine." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388687.
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McLoughlin, Eimear Maureen. "Time series analysis and modelling of diseases in production animal populations." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334509.
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Webb, Gillian. "Studies on the mechanical transmission of animal viruses by biting flies." Thesis, Open University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278027.
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Stephens, Margaret Eryan. "Evaluation of animal welfare issues in the beef industry." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/20408.
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Master of ScienceBiomedical Sciences
Daniel U. Thomson
Two studies were conducted to evaluate two animal welfare issues in the beef industry today. The welfare of animals has become a major discussion among consumers and producers. The objective of these studies was to evaluate if certain production practices are beneficial to the wellbeing of the animals in a production setting. The first study evaluated if castration and implementation of growth promotion technologies of physically mature male beef cattle, which failed the breed soundness exam (BSE), improved carcass quality compared to male beef cattle left intact. Sixteen month old Angus bulls (n = 24; 606 + 11.4 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned to 2 treatments: intact control (BULL) and castrated with growth promotion technology (STR) to evaluate performance and carcass quality. Cattle assigned to STR treatment were implanted with 120 mg trenbolone acetate (TBA) and 24 mg estradiol on d 0, and were fed ractopamine hydrochloride (300 mg/d) the final 28 d prior to slaughter. Cattle were fed a dry-rolled corn-based finishing diet (1.41 Mcal/kg NEg) for 62 d (final wt = 697 +/- 24.3 kg) then harvested at a commercial abattoir. Carcass characteristics were recorded and longissimus muscle samples were obtained. There were no differences between treatments for quality grade, yield grade, HCW, back fat thickness, or dressing percent. Steak tenderness values based on Warner Bratzler shear force (WBSF), and sensory panel evaluation showed no difference between BULL and STR steaks in myofibrillar tenderness, juiciness, beef flavor intensity, connective tissue, overall tenderness, and off flavor intensity. Cattle within the BULL treatment tended to have improved average daily gain (ADG) and feed efficiency, with no difference in carcass characteristics, WBSF, or sensory panel measurements compared to STR administered growth promotion technology. The second study evaluated if cohorts with horns within a pen lot of cattle caused an increase in carcass bruising, and to determine if horn tipping and dehorning is necessary. Carcasses from (n = 4,287) feedlot cattle were observed at one commercial beef packing plant in southwest Kansas to investigate the relationship between the presence and size of horns in cattle and the prevalence, anatomical location, and severity of bruising of carcasses. Horn measurements taken were the length of the longest horn from base to tip and the tip-to-tip distance between the tips of both horns. Bruises were evaluated by location and severity. Bruise severity was scored at 3 levels: minor: ≤ 5 cm, moderate: 5 to 15 cm, and severe: > 15 cm. Within pen lots of cattle, the percentage of cattle with horns ranged from 0 to 26%. There were 4,287 carcasses evaluated and 2,295 had one or more bruises for a total, overall bruise prevalence of 53.5%. Of the total number of bruises, 25.6% were severe, 35.6% were moderate, and 38.8% were minor. The majority of bruises (61.8%) occurred on the dorsal mid-line with similar rates of bruising occurring on the left (18.6%) and right (19.5%) sides. There was no relationship found between the prevalence of horns and prevalence of bruising in a pen lot of cattle (P = 0.90). These two studies conclude that feeding of bulls that fail the BSE could eliminate an animal welfare concern while removing the cost and management of growth promotion technology administration. Additionally to that there may be other factors causing carcass bruising at other than cohorts with horns.
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Hawkins, Stacey M. "Opportunities and occupations in animal and veterinary sciences based on the current careers of West Virginia University alumni." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2671.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 57 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 44).
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Braga, Daniel Pontes. "Incidência e fatores de risco associados à infecção do sítio cirúrgico na clínica de cães e gatos do hospital veterinário da Universidade Federal de Viçosa." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2008. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4981.
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Previous issue date: 2008-12-08The objective of this study was to verify the incidence of infection in the surgical site at the Dog and Cat Surgery Clinic at the Veterinary Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV) and the association of occurrence of infection with the risk factors previously described. Another aim was to attract interest to this issue, since hospital infections very often remain unnoticed or are not duly recorded, to propose measures for their prevention and control. A concurrent prospective cohort study was carried out. The epidemiological surveillance method applied was based on the active search of “clues” indicating the occurrence of ICS. All the patients submitted to surgical procedures under the day clinic scheme during the period proposed were analyzed through their clinical, surgical and anesthesic records, as well as through the collection of information from veterinarians, animal caretakers and owners. A total of 307 patients (356 surgical procedures) were analyzed from May 11 to November 11, 2007. Possible cases were evaluated by the researcher and observing veterinarians, with 34 ICS cases being identified among the patients submitted to surgery during the period proposed. Data analysis and hospital documentation provided a precise assessment of all the procedures carried out during the period and the dynamics of filling the hospital forms was also verified. The absence of a standardization of the records and prescribed surgical antibiotic prophylaxy was verified. A global ICS incidence of 9.5% was found, compatible with the rates described in the literature consulted and an incidence of 10.4 % in clean surgeries and 7.4% in potentially contaminated ones, with these indices being higher than those observed in the literature studied. No association among ICS, surgery duration time, orthopedic and non-orthopedic surgeries, with or without use of protheses. However, association between record of patient’s interference in the surgical wound and ISC occurrence were recorded. The following likely risk factors for ISC were verified: lack of a hospital infection surveillance process, non-standardized use of antibiotic prophylaxy, lack of norms and routine concerning the prevention and control of hospital infections, lack of adequate professional training and guidance, and non compliance to current legislation. Thus, based on the data investigated and observations conducted in this study, the need for actions was verified.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a incidência de infecção do sítio cirúrgico na Clinica Cirúrgica de Cães e Gatos do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Viçosa e a associação da ocorrência de infecção aos fatores de riscos já descritos. Objetivou-se ainda despertar o interesse para o problema, considerando que as infecções hospitalares muitas vezes passam despercebidas ou não são devidamente registradas, e consequentemente, propor medidas para sua prevenção e seu controle. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte concorrente prospectivo. O método de vigilância epidemiológica empregado foi baseado na busca ativa de “pistas” que indicassem a ocorrência de ISC.Todos os pacientes submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos, no esquema de ambulatório dia no período proposto foram analisados através de seus prontuários clínicos, fichas cirúrgicas e anestésicas, além de colheita de informações com veterinários, cuidadores e proprietários. Foram analisados 307 pacientes (356 procedimentos) cirúrgicos, no período de 11 de maio a 11 de novembro de 2007. Os possíveis casos foram avaliados pelo pesquisador e veterinários observadores sendo identificados 34 casos de ISC entre os pacientes submetidos à cirurgia no período proposto. A análise dos dados e documentação hospitalar propiciou um levantamento preciso de todos os procedimentos realizados no período e também foi verificada a dinâmica de preenchimento da documentação hospitalar. Verificou-se a inexistência de uma padronização dos registros realizados nos prontuários e da antibioticoprofilaxia cirúrgica prescrita. Encontrou-se uma incidência global de ISC de 9,5% sendo compatível com as taxas descritas na literatura consultada e uma incidência de 10,4 % em cirurgias limpas e 7,4% em potencialmente contaminadas, sendo estes índices maiores que os observados na literatura estudada. Não foi verificado a associação entre ISC, tempo de duração da cirurgia, cirurgias ortopédicas e não ortopédicas com ou sem utilização de próteses. Entretanto, registrou-se a associação entre o registro de interferência do paciente na ferida cirúrgica e a ocorrência de ISC. Verificou-se como possíveis fatores de risco para ISC: a falta de um processo de vigilância das infecções hospitalares, emprego não padronizado de antibioticoprofilaxia, falta de normas e rotinas referentes à prevenção e controle das infecções hospitalares, falta de treinamento e orientação adequada dos profissionais e falta do cumprimento da legislação vigente. Portanto, baseado nos dados apurados e observações realizadas durante o estudo, verificou-se a necessidade de providências no controle e prevenção das ISC.
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Courcier, Emily. "Investigating the epidemiology of companion animal overweight/obesity in Great Britain." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4381/.
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Obesity is recognised as the leading cause of malnutrition in cats and dogs (Legrand-Defretin 1994) and is reported to be one of the most important and frequently seen welfare issues in small animal practice (Yeates and Main 2011). Despite the recognised burden of overweight/obesity on the companion animal population, a review of the published literature identified several gaps. This thesis aimed to address three of the those gaps. Gap A: No published national prevalence estimates for cats, dogs and rabbits in Great Britain were available and no studies had explored whether prevalence varied across Great Britain. Chapter 3 and 4 estimated the national prevalence of overweight/obesity in cats, dogs and rabbits to be 11.5%, 25% and 7.6% respectively. After adjusting for differences in demographics between locations, there was a significantly higher prevalence of canine overweight/obesity in Scotland compared to England and Wales. But no spatial variations were found in the prevalence of feline overweight/obesity within Great Britain. Gap B: There was a lack of consistency in the risk factors found to be associated with overweight/obesity between previous published studies and no assessment of the impact of various risk factors on the prevalence of canine and feline overweight/obesity was apparent in the literature. Non modifiable risk factors identified for dogs in Chapter 3 included being female, neutered status, and age with peak of risk at 5 to 8 years of age. These effects were independent of location. Chapter 4 identified neutered status, being male and middle age (around 7 years) as feline non modifiable risk factors. Neutered status was the only significant risk factor found for rabbit overweight. Chapter 5 and 7 expanded the canine and feline overweight/obesity risk factor analyses to include modifiable risk factors. Risk factors for canine overweight/obesity (Chapter 5) identified were owner income, owner age, frequency of snacks and treats and hours of exercise the dog received each week. For cats (Chapter7), the significant risk factors were frequency of feeding and neutered status. The calculated population attributable risks (Chapter 3 and 4) showed possible differences in the impact of non modifiable risk factors between cats and dogs. For cats, neutered status was the most important factor whereas in dogs age and neutered status were equally important. Gap C: Misperception of body shape has been recognised to play an important role in human obesity management. Previous studies had only described owner misperception of pet body shape as a risk factor for obesity/overweight. The objective of Chapter 6 and, in part, Chapter 7 was to explore the concept of owner misperception of canine and feline body shape. Owners of cats and dogs appeared to “normalise” their animal’s body shape i.e owners of overweight animals were more likely to think their pet was an ideal shape rather than overweight and owners of underweight animals were more likely to think they were an ideal shape rather than underweight. Risk factors identified for misperception in dog owners were gender of owner and age of the dog. Only one risk factor was identified for misperception by cat owners; that is whether the cat was long haired or not. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that overweight/obesity in cats, dogs and rabbits is widespread. Despite the limitations of these data, the results show the complexity of risk factors that contribute to overweight/obesity in companion animals and highlight areas for future research.
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SOUSA, Francisco David Nascimento. "Detecção de Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae pela técnica da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) em sêmen de reprodutores ovinos." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2013. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6253.
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Francisco David Nascimento Sousa.pdf: 1748878 bytes, checksum: f75f899a3117c09975b8cfcef18e67a6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-09T12:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Francisco David Nascimento Sousa.pdf: 1748878 bytes, checksum: f75f899a3117c09975b8cfcef18e67a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-08
The objective of this study was to detect the DNA of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae in sheep semen by the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Were analyzed 240 samples, 120 frozen semen obtained from central artificial insemination (AI) and 120 fresh semen of breeding sheep from the states of Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte collected during the Northeastern Exposure animals in Recife. After collection of the samples were carried out DNA extraction and detection of genomic DNA of the agents studied. For the first time in Brazil, was detected the presence of agents Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae in samples of frozen semen of sheep. Samples of frozen semen, DNA was detected Ureaplasma spp. in 2.5% (3/120) and Mycoplasma agalactiae of 4.2% (5/120). For fresh semen was detected DNA of Ureaplasma spp. in 8.3% (10/120) of the samples and 6.7% (8/120) of Mycoplasma agalactiae When evaluating the association between the type of semen and DNA detection for Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae, a significant association was observed only for Ureaplasma spp. (p = 0.046), being more common detection of this micro-organism in fresh semen samples. We also observed positive samples Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma agalactiae from the states of Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte. All samples from the states of Alagoas and Ceará results were negative. Results obtained in this study, there is the presence of DNA of these microorganisms in semen of the breedings sheep. Thus, it is suggested that techniques for detecting these agents must be used in insemination centers and breeding sheep with high genetic potential to maximize the efficiency of the sheep reproduction by preventing the spread of these pathogens.
Objetivou-se com este estudo detectar o DNA de Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae em sêmen de ovinos pela técnica da Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR). Foram analisadas 240 amostras, sendo 120 de sêmen congelado obtidas de centrais de inseminação artificial (IA) e 120 de sêmen fresco de reprodutores ovinos provenientes dos estados de Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte coletados durante a realização da Exposição nordestina de animais em Recife,PE. Após a colheita das amostras, foram realizadas a extração de DNA e detecção de DNA genômico dos agentes estudados. Pela primeira vez no Brasil, foi detectada a presença dos agentes Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae em amostras de sêmen congelado da espécie ovina. Nas amostras de sêmen congelado, detectou-se DNA de Ureaplasma spp. em 2,5% (3/120) e de Mycoplasma agalactiae em 4,2% (5/120). Para o sêmen fresco, detectou-se DNA de Ureaplasma spp. em 8,3% (10/120) das amostras analisadas e 6,7% (8/120) de Mycoplasma agalactiae Ao avaliar a associação entre o tipo de sêmen e a detecção de DNA para Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae, observou-se associação significativa somente para Ureaplasma spp. (p= 0,046), sendo mais comum a detecção deste micro-organismo em amostras de sêmen fresco. Foram observadas ainda, amostras positivas para Ureaplasma spp. e Mycoplasma agalactiae provenientes dos estados da Paraíba, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte. Todas as amostras oriundas dos estados de Alagoas e do Ceará obtiveram resultados negativos. Diante dos resultados obtidos neste estudo, constata-se a presença de DNA destes micro-organismos em sêmen de reprodutores ovinos. Desta forma, sugere-se que técnicas para detecção desses agentes sejam utilizadas em centrais de inseminação e em reprodutores ovinos com alto potencial genético, maximizando a eficiência da prática na reprodução de ovinos, evitando a disseminação destes patógenos.
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Vinten, Claire. "The development of clinical reasoning in veterinary students." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/33728/.
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Clinical reasoning is the skill used when veterinary surgeons make a decision regarding the diagnosis, treatment plan or prognosis of a patient. Despite its necessity and ubiquity within clinical practice, very little is known about the development of clinical reasoning during undergraduate training. Even less is understood about how veterinary schools should be helping students improve this skill. The aim of the research presented within this thesis was to, firstly, examine the development of clinical reasoning ability within veterinary students and, secondly, to investigate possible methods to aid this process. The University of Nottingham School of Veterinary Medicine and Science (SVMS) was used as a case study for this research. In study one, focus groups and interviews were conducted with SVMS staff, students and graduates to investigate the development of clinical reasoning. A curriculum document content analysis was also performed. The findings suggested that clinical reasoning development is not optimal, with alumni facing a steep learning curve when entering practice. These results were used to design study two, in which a simulated consultation exercise utilizing standardised clients was created and implemented for final year students. The success of the simulation was measured using both quantitative and qualitative methods – all of which supported the use of the session for clinical reasoning development. The final study, also building on the findings of study one, aimed to improve the accessibility of veterinary surgeons’ decision-making processes during student clinical extramural studies placements (CEMS). A reflective Decision Diary was created and trialled with third and fourth year SVMS students. Diary content analysis showed the study aim was met, triangulated by survey and focus group findings. During the research, wider issues relating to clinical reasoning integration into veterinary curricula were unearthed. These included low student awareness of the subject and the misalignment between the skill learnt during training and the skill required when in practice. Several recommendations have been made to improve the design of the undergraduate curriculum in relation to clinical reasoning.
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Tancredi, Michelle Goldan de Freitas. "Efic?cia e seguran?a cl?nica comparativa de duas formula??es de aplica??o t?pica contendo 10% de fipronil no controle de ectoparasitos em c?es e gatos." Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. https://tede.ufrrj.br/jspui/handle/tede/836.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-27The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy and clinical safety of a novel topical 10% fipronil on the control of Ctenocephalides felis felis on dogs and cats and Rhipicephalus sanguineus on dogs; residual efficacy of the fipronil formulation on dog s coat on the control of eggs, larvae and adults of C. felis felis; effect of dispersion of the tested formulation on adults of C. felis felis; and the influence of bathe on the efficacy of the novel formulation against fleas and ticks on dogs. Utilized animals were belong to the the Laboratory of Experimental Chemotherapy in Veterinary Parasitology (LECVP) from the Department of Animal Parasitology of the Institute of Veterinary of the Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro or domiciliated ones. Fleas and ticks were gathered from colonies maintained in the LECVP. Methodologies were based on guidelines and the literature. Pulicide efficacy on cats was: 99.4; 100; 100; 95.1; 86.8 and 70% on days +2 +7, +14, +21; +28, +35 e +42, respectively. The efficacy against ticks on dogs was: 100; 100; 95.4; 90.2; 83.4 and 62.6% on days +2 +7, +14, +21; +28 e +35, respectively. Pulicide efficacy on dogs was: 100; 100; 100; 99.5; 99.8 and 91.6% on days +2 +7, +14, +21; +28 e +35, respectively. Those essays demonstrated satisfactory efficacy levels obtained by the formulation and expected residual period against reinfestations. Regarding the influence of shampooing on pulicide activity, the efficacy was 100% on days +3, +7, +14, +21 and +28; 98.4; 95 and 70.6% on days +35, +42 e +49, respectively for the group with only one bathe. The weekly shampooing group presented efficacy of 98.8; 100; 100; 100; 86.9 and 44.2% on days +3, + 7, +14, +21, +28, +35 and +42, respectively. Efficacy against ticks for the group shampooed once was 99.5; 100; 100; 91.8; 91.6; 70.9 and 63.2% on days +3, + 7, +14, +21, +28, +35 and +42, respectively. The weekly shampooing group presented efficacy of 100; 100; 99.1; 81.1; 58.9 e 41.% on days +2 +7, +14, +21; +28 and +35, respectively. Shampooing once did not affect the product s efficacy. Weekly bathes, despite showed satisfactory efficacy, presented shorter residual period. Regarding the in vitro trials to evaluate the residual activity against fleas, the following can be concluded: the adulticide efficacy varied from average to high until day +14; larvicide efficacy was irregular and presented short residual activity; efficacy against eggs was high and presented long residual activity. Regarding the in vitro essays to evaluate speed of kill the formulation was 100% effective within 16h until day +21 and, 24h on days +28 and +35, demonstrating long residual activity. Therefore, the topical 10% fipronil formulation presented, in general, satisfactory efficacy levels and residual activity on C. felis felis on cats and dogs and, R. sanguineus on dogs, comparable to the reference formulation found commercially, besides have presented the desirable clinical safety.
Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar: a efic?cia e seguran?a cl?nica de uma formula??o t?pica de fipronil a 10% no controle de Ctenocephalides felis felis em c?es e gatos e Rhipicephalus sanguineus em c?es; a efic?cia residual de uma nova formula??o em teste de fipronil em pelo de c?es no controle de ovos, larvas e adultos de C. felis felis; o efeito da dispers?o da formula??o teste em pelo de c?es tratados sobre adultos de C. felis felis; e influ?ncia do banho sobre a efic?cia pulicida e carrapaticida em c?es da nova formula??o. Os animais utilizados pertenciam ao Laborat?rio de Quimioterapia Experimental em Parasitologia Veterin?ria (LQEPV), do Departamento de Parasitologia Animal, Instituto de Veterin?ria, da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro ou domiciliados. Pulgas e carrapatos eram provenientes de col?nias mantidas no LQEPV. As metodologias foram baseadas em normas ou literatura. A efic?cia pulicida em gatos foi: 99,4; 100; 100; 95,1; 86,8 e 70% para os dias +2 +7, +14, +21; +28, +35 e +42, respectivamente. A efic?cia carrapaticida em c?es foi de 100; 100; 95,4; 90,2; 83,4; 62,6% para os dias +2 +7, +14, +21; +28 e +35, respectivamente. A efic?cia pulicida em c?es foi: 100; 100; 100; 99,5; 99,8; 91,6% para os dias +2 +7, +14, +21; +28 e +35, respectivamente. Foi constatado que a formula??o em teste obteve satisfat?rios n?veis de efic?cia e esperado per?odo residual contra reinfesta??es. Em rela??o ? influ?ncia do banho na atividade pulicida, a efic?cia foi de 100% para os dias +3, +7, +14, +21 e +28, e 98,4; 95 e 70,6% para os dias 35, +42 e +49, respectivamente no grupo com banho ?nico. Para o grupo com banho semanal, a efic?cia foi de: 98,8; 100; 100; 100; 86,9 e 44,2%, para os dias 3, +7, +14, +21,+28 e +35, respectivamente. A efic?cia carrapaticida no grupo com banho ?nico foi de: 99,5; 100; 100; 91,8; 91,6; 70,9 e 63,2% para os dias +3, + 7, +14, +21, +28, +35 e +42, respectivamente. No grupo banho semanal as efic?cias foram de 100; 100; 99,1; 81,1; 58,9 e 41,3 para os dias +3, +7, +14, +21, +28 e +35, respectivamente. O banho ?nico demonstrou n?o provocar queda da efic?cia do produto. Banhos semanais, apesar de apresentarem efic?cia satisfat?ria, demonstraram menor per?odo residual. Para os experimentos in vitro avaliando atividade residual sobre pulgas pode concluir-se que a efic?cia: adulticida variou de mediana ? alta at? dia +14; a larvicida foi irregular, apresentando curta atividade residual; e a ovicida foi elevada, apresentando longo per?odo residual. Nos ensaios in vitro avaliando a velocidade de morte a formula??o teste foi 100% eficaz em at? 16h at? o dia +21 e 24h nos dias +28 e +35, demonstrando prolongada atividade residual. Portanto, a formula??o teste de aplica??o t?pica de fipronil 10% alcan?ou, em geral, satisfat?rios n?veis de efic?cia e atividade residual sobre C. felis felis em c?es e gatos e R. sanguineus em c?es, compar?veis ? formula??o refer?ncia existente no mercado, al?m de apresentar seguran?a cl?nica desejada.
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Mateus, Ana Luisa Pereira. "Investigation of antimicrobial usage and prescribing practices by veterinary surgeons in small animals." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.572143.
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Joshi, Bhoj Raj. "Parasitic gastroenteritis in small ruminants in the hills of Nepal : studies on epidemiology, production effects and host-parasite relationships." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283246.
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Cheng, Zhangrui. "Studies on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Phenylbutazone, Flunixin meglumine, Carprofen and Paracetamol in some domesticated animal species." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4189/.
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The present study was conducted to investigate the phannacokinetics (PK) and phannacodynamics (PD) of some nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including phenylbutazone (PBZ, in sheep, goats and donkeys), flunixin meglumine (FM, in sheep and donkeys), carprofen and its enantiomers (CPF, in sheep), paracetamol (PRT, in goats and camels) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, in sheep).
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Perrin, Hannah Charmaine. "Rhetoric and reality : the development of professional identity in UK veterinary medicine." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/54325/.
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Veterinary Medicine does not have a history in the social sciences and is therefore a fascinating field of study. Despite the growth of education research in the veterinary schools, the social and relational aspects of veterinary training and practice are under-examined, and could have profound effects on the ability of students to make a successful transition into qualified work. This thesis explored the development of occupational identity in veterinary students and newly-qualified veterinary surgeons, using narrative interview techniques and organisational policy analysis. From interviewees’ stories, a clear distinction could be drawn between the majority, who were vocationally-motivated, and a smaller group who were drawn to a veterinary career by the high academic standards required. All identified several influences on their own professional identity development: role models, the need to perform as competent and confident, and presenting an approved personality type in order to gain access to the practical experience required during training. The predominant story arc is that of becoming increasingly ‘vetlike’ as they progress through the course. Animal welfare is a substantial silence in the organisational discourse of veterinary medicine. The discourse analysis revealed the overwhelming presentation of the elite academic nature of the profession, at the expense of any mention of animal care or welfare, or acknowledgement of vocational motivation. A compelling collective responsibility was also identifiable in terms of upholding a professional reputation and its high standards. A strong occupational history contributes to this, leading to a very bonded occupational group. The idea of veterinary medicine not being a nine-to-five job is expressed in policy and resonated very strongly with interview participants. However, there exists a very clear, organisationally-sanctioned, officially-approved attitude towards veterinary life and work, allowing very little deviation. This has the subsequent effect that tolerance of weakness, unhappiness, or complaint is low; so that members are forced to either internalise their unhappiness or leave the profession entirely. Veterinary medicine is perceived as a career with high job satisfaction and a positive public image. However, awareness is increasing of worryingly high levels of mental illness, stress, unhappiness and dissatisfaction with their work among the veterinary workforce. This thesis suggests that one factor that could underlie this is a mismatch between a new entrant’s ideas of what a vet is and does, and the reality of a working life in veterinary practice. From the conclusions presented in this thesis - in particular the finding that, as a profession, veterinary medicine strives to distance itself from an animal care or animal welfare focus - I suggest that it is the confused messages received as part of the process of socialisation during training that could connect to many of the problems facing the modern entrant to the veterinary profession. This research specifically focused on the development of occupational identity in veterinary students and newly-qualified veterinary surgeons in the UK and is the only current work to examine the processes, presentation and experiences of veterinary training in this comparative manner. As a relatively new, and very interdisciplinary, field of study, the capacity for future work in veterinary social sciences is considerable, with much to be learnt from allied fields as well as further explorations of just what makes veterinary medicine unique, and such a valuable source of social inquiry given the significance of pets and livestock to the lives of a nation of animal lovers. This is potentially a very rich field.
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Chasapis, Emmanouil. "Small animal internal medicine and surgery - Osteosarcoma in ex-racing greyhounds." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/22912.
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This report is an effort to describe most of the clinical procedures that took place during the integrated externship of the Master’s degree in Veterinary Medicine at the University of Evora. The externship had a duration of sixteen weeks and was realized in the “A&A Veterinary Hospital” which has a substantial caseload of Retired Racing Greyhounds with Osteosarcoma. The first part, of the report, relates to the casuistics of Small Animal Internal Medicine and Surgery, divided per area of interest. The second part, is a current bibliographic review on canine Osteosarcoma, followed by three case-studies of Osteosarcoma in Retired Racing Greyhounds, with different survival times; Resumo:
Medicina Interna e Cirurgia em Pequenos Animais Osteosarcoma em cães de raça Greyhound, ex- corredores
O presente relatório é uma descrição da maioria dos procedimentos clínicos, que se realizaram durante o estágio curricular do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária da Universidade de Évora. O estágio, teve a duração de dezasseis semanas e realizou-se em “A&A Veterinary Hospital” que apresenta na sua casuística muitos cães de raça Greyhound, Ex- corredores, com Osteosarcoma. A primeira secção relata a casuística, em Medicina Interna e Cirurgia de Pequenos Animais, dividida por área de interesse. A classificação dos casos foi realizada com base no sistema somático afetado ou no motivo da visita. A segunda secção é uma revisão bibliográfica sobre Osteosarcoma canino, acompanhada por três casos de Osteosarcoma em cães ex-corredores, de raça Greyhound, com diferentes tempos de sobrevivência.
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Steve, Donna L. "Analytical techniques used in the development of quantitative and qualitative assays for pharmaceutical and biological products in animal health." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35491.
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Master of Science in Biomedical SciencesDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology
Alison P. Adams
The animal health industry is a growing industry. Owners of pets and other animals want to ensure their animals are healthy. To do this, the animal health industry markets a variety of products from pharmaceutical products, such as antibiotics, to biological products, such as vaccines. These products are developed and marketed after the company provides regulators the necessary information as guided by a set of regulations. Pharmaceutical products follow Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations, while biological products follow Title 9 of the Code of Federal Regulations. During the product development process as well as after marketing, regardless of the regulations to follow, each product must go through testing for efficacy, safety, potency, and stability. The regulatory guidelines provide direction to companies on expectations of the testing requirements for each type of product. Different analytical techniques are used to provide the necessary data in support of product development. Discussed in this report, two analytical techniques are well known in the industry, and one is quickly becoming a technique of great value. Mass spectrometry, coupled with liquid chromatography, is an industry standard for testing product potency and purity as well as pharmacokinetics. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is also used to measure potency of products as well as product stability. The newest technique is flow cytometry that characterizes cells within a suspension, most often with the use of cellular biomarkers as targets. By understanding the application of each technique as well as how it relates to regulatory requirements, the industry can provide assurances to regulators that their products are safe and efficacious for the treatment and/or prevention of animal diseases. This report outlines the history, theory, and use of three different analytical techniques currently used for pharmaceutical and biological products in animal health.
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Rash, Mickey Ellen. "Veterinary technician assistant curriculum guideline." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1930.
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The purpose of this thesis was to develop a core curriculum to be presented to the state for consideration as the established curriculum guideline for veterinary technician assistants/veterinary assistant programs.
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Pedroza, Aguilar Alberto Daniel. "CORRELACIÓN FARMACOCINÉTICA Y FARMACODINAMICA DE LA CARBAMAZEPINA SOBRE LOS PATRONES DEL SUEÑO EN UN MODELO ANIMAL DE EPILEPSIA." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/95246.
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El objetivo de este estudio consistió en evaluar el efecto de la administración de Carbamazepina (CBZ) sobre los patrones de sueño en un modelo animal de epilepsia inducido por el ácido kainico (KA) y su correlación farmacocinética y farmacodinamia. A fin de poder traspolar sus hallazgos en el área de las pequeñas especies, específicamente en perros. Se utilizaron 30 ratas Wistar macho con un peso de 250 a 280 gr. Los animales del G1 ácido kainico (AK) (n=10) fueron implantados con electrodos bipolares en la corteza motora, para registrar la actividad cerebral (EEG) y en los músculos del cuello para obtener la actividad muscular (EMG). Se realizó un registro electroencefalográfico desde el día 1 (Control), el día 2 del estudio se administró AK (10 mg/kg) para inducir la crisis epiléptica y el registro se realizó durante los 5 días posteriores. A los animales del G2 (CBZ+AK) (n=10) se les realizó la misma implantación de electrodos bipolares durante el día 1 (control), en el día 2 se administró CBZ (25 mg/kg) 30 minutos previos a la inyección de AK y el registro continuó durante tres días más. Los animales del G3 CBZ (25 mg/kg) (n=10) fueron implantados con una cánula en vena yugular para obtener las muestras de sangre. La primer muestra o basal se tomó antes de la administración de CBZ (25 mg/kg), posteriormente a los 10, 20, 40 minutos y 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 36, 48 horas para el análisis farmacocinético. Para evaluar las diferencias entre los parámetros farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos, se realizó una prueba T de student para muestras no pareadas con un p<0.05. Para evaluar las diferencias entre los grupos respecto al EEG, los datos se analizaron mediante un análisis unidireccional de la varianza *p<0.01 ** p<0.001. Los resultados mostraron una ausencia total de sueño durante el primer día experimental en los animales del G1 (KA), mientras que en el G2 (CBZ+AK) se mostró una recuperación parcial del Sueño de Onda Lenta (SOL) durante el día 1. El efecto de la CBZ fue favorable al observar que las crisis disminuyeron significativamente, lo que se muestra mediante la comparación de la farmacocinética con las crisis. La CBZ disminuyó significativamente las crisis convulsivas sin embargo, se observó una recuperación parcial del sueño y la fase más afectada fue el sMOR. Estuvo presente una correlación entre los perfiles farmacocinéticos y farmacodinámicos de la CBZ y su efecto sobre el ciclo sueño-vigilia.
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Machado, Tito Livio. "The development of aids to the prevention and control of exotic animal diseases in Brazil." Thesis, University of Reading, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.255245.
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Mensher, Stephen H. "Comparative Study of Elongated Chromosomes in Sheep and Goats and a Proposed Standard." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4065.
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A cell synchronization technique was used that consistently yielded numerous elongated chromosomes, which are necessary for producing high-resolution G-banding. The prometaphase stage of contraction was determined to have the greatest utility for detailed comparative analysis and, therefore, was used in the preparation of the proposed standard high-re solution karyotypes and idiogram.
A proposed standard high-resolution G-band karyotype of the domestic sheep and goat is presented, along with a high-resolution G-band idiogram of the goat. The karyotypes presented contain considerably more bands than contemporary karyotypes and provide much greater resolution for linear differentiation. The X chromosome of the sheep is acrocentric, rather than having a minute p arm as recently reported.
A side -by-side comparison of high-resolution G-band sheep and goat chromosomes indicates identical equivalence of banding patterns. Of special note is the homology of banding patterns for the six acrocentric autosomes of the goat and the respective three submetacentric autosomes of the sheep, reinforcing the evidence that the goat is representative of the ancestral karyotype.
C-bands and NORs of the sheep and goat are also presented. When C-banded, the centromeric regions of the sheep and goat acrocentric autosomes were found to be densely stained. The centromeric regions of the X and Y, however, were not stained differently from the chromosome arms. In the sheep submetacentrics, chromosomes 1 and 3 showed weak C-bands while chromosome 2 showed stronger bands.
In the sheep and goat, 10 NORs located terminally on five chromosomes pairs were found. Sheep NORs occurred on the three pairs of submetacentric autosomes and on one large and one small pair of acrocentric autosomes. Goat NORs occurred on four large and one small pair of acrocentric autosomes. Sine the banding patterns obtained when staining for NORs do not permit individual identification of each chromosome, duplicate G-banding and silver staining of elongated chromosomes of both sheep and goat would need to be conducted to identify specific NOR-bearing chromosomes.
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Kaya, Galip. "Phylogenetic analyses of five sheep infective Eimeria species (E. ovinoidalis, E. crandallis, E. weybridgensis, E. ahsata, E. faurei) : development of novel total nucleic acid extraction method from small numbers of Eimeria oocysts." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263922.
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Aitchison, Briony Louise. ""for to knowen here sicknesse and to do the lechecraft there fore" : animal ailments and their treatment in late-mediaeval England." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1024.
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Veterinary medicine in late-mediaeval England has thus far received little attention. This study therefore aims to partly fill this gap by providing an insight into English veterinary practices at this time. The introduction places the animals under discussion into context, from the noble war-horse to the lowly pig. Also discussed are the sources, with their intended audience and evidence for use. The first chapter concentrates on those who were responsible for treating animals when ill, examining the qualities sought in such people, and the source of their learning. In the second chapter the ailments suffered by mediaeval animals are discussed, together with the causes of illness and methods of diagnosis. The third, and final, chapter examines the treatment meted out to animals. Firstly the factors influencing this are explored, followed by surgical intervention, then therapeutic methods of treatment. The precautions taken when treating animals are looked at, as too is the efficacy of the remedies, whilst finally the preparation of medicines, the instruments used, and the materia medica employed are discussed. The aim of this study is not only to provide an insight into the state of veterinary medicine in late-mediaeval England, but also to adopt a broader and more comparative approach than has hitherto been undertaken. It therefore draws upon veterinary texts, hawking and hunting manuals, husbandry treatises, and recipe collections, in order to compare and contrast the ailments and treatment meted out to a variety of animals. Another important facet is to examine the reality of care, which is achieved through an examination of sources such as household and manorial accounts. By marrying the actuality of care with the theory and recommendations of treatises and recipe collections, our understanding of animal welfare is more greatly enhanced.
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HERNANDEZ, SOLIS ITZEL. "EVALUACIÓN DEL BIENESTAR ANIMAL EN GANADO BOVINO EN UNA PLANTA DE SACRIFICIO UBICADA EN STANFIELD, ARIZONA, ESTADOS UNIDOS DE NORTEAMERICA." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94699.
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Las plantas de sacrificio han experimentado transformaciones radicales en
los últimos años debido a la necesidad de aumentar la eficiencia e incorporar
nuevas tecnologías para la mejora de la infraestructura, el bienestar animal y la
calidad del producto. Sin embargo, las plantas de sacrificio se diseñan con base
en criterios arquitectónicos convencionales, como la optimización del espacio o la
facilitación de las actividades humanas, y no en las necesidades de
comportamiento de los animales (Miranda-de la Lama et al., 2010, 2011a
). En esas
condiciones, los animales pueden estar expuestos a muchos estímulos
estresantes, como la descarga, el manejo, la sobrepoblación, la privación de
alimentos, los sonidos, los olores novedosos (Gregory 2007) y las fallas
operacionales. En este contexto, para ayudar a mantener y mejorar la calidad de
los estándares operativos, es importante identificar los riesgos operativos
(Villarroel et al., 2001) y es necesario desarrollar sistemas de auditoría eficientes y
precisos que puedan detectar o prevenir problemas de bienestar animal. (Grandin
2010). Una auditoría puede contribuir al desarrollo de un sistema de puntos
críticos de control para eliminar las malas prácticas y un manejo más eficiente de
los animales, lo que mejorará la eficiencia de la logística y garantizará niveles
mínimos de bienestar animal (Miranda-de la Lama et al., 2010).
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Mosher, Ruby A. "Assessment of response variables in bovine models of pain and stress, with and without meloxicam." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/16975.
Full textAbstract:
Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology
Ronette Gehring
The absence of pain management for common husbandry procedures, such as dehorning and castration of cattle, is considered to be an important animal welfare consideration, but there are currently no drugs approved by the FDA for the purpose of providing pain relief in cattle. The FDA’s Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM) recognizes the need for the availability of pain-relieving drugs and has encouraged research into the development of behavioral and physiologic measures which can reliably demonstrate the effectiveness in that species. The USDA has also recognized this need by providing grants for research into investigating pain models for cattle that can be used for the development of pain mitigation methods. The studies reported in this dissertation were funded by the USDA and the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. They add to the body of knowledge from which a pain model in cattle may eventually be validated for use in the drug approval process and also contribute to knowledge base for a candidate non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug for convenient use in cattle. The study reported in Chapter 2 was conducted to support research of a candidate pain-assessment variable, substance P. This study provides future researchers with recommended sample handling procedures for obtaining reliable and repeatable results, which is important if substance P is to be validated as pain biomarker in cattle. The study in Chapter 3 investigated the use of several variables for use in a pain model. The results provided researchers, veterinarians and policy-makers with evidence to support the common practice of castrating and dehorning calves at the same time rather than as individual procedures separated by a healing interim. The study in Chapter 4 investigated the pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam when administered to juvenile ruminant and pre-ruminant calves. This study added to the growing knowledge base of the pharmacokinetics of oral meloxicam in cattle and also provided practitioners with practical information concerning the administration of the drug in milk replacer. Chapter 5 investigated the use of oral meloxicam in a production setting and indicated that meloxicam administration prior to surgical castration may reduce the incidence of respiratory disease in the post-surgical period.
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Lund, Vonne. "Ethics and animal welfare in organic animal husbandry : an interdisiplinary approach /." Skara : Dept. of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2002. http://epsilon.slu.se/8803573.pdf.
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Saleem, Gulbeena. "Necrotic enteritis, disease induction, predisposing factors and novel biochemical markers in broiler chickens." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4372/.
Full textAbstract:
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an important enteric disease in poultry production that has re-emerged as a major problem following an EU wide ban on the use of in-feed antimicrobials. Although the primary aetiological agent of disease is Clostridium perfringens type A, a commensal in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of chickens, numerous additional influential factors have been reported that can predispose chickens to NE. These precipitating factors mainly include diet, co-infection with other pathogens particularly coccidia, as well as environmental and management factors. Despite being first described almost more than 50 years ago, a reliable, consistently reproducible experimental model for NE induction is still lacking. Here, a series of experiments were conducted to investigate the importance of the various potential predisposing factors, in isolation and in combination, that are believed to play a role in sub-clinical NE development: feed withdrawal, dietary protein sources, co- infection with coccidia, C. perfringens dose and contact with reused litter. In addition, chicken breed sensitivity to NE was assessed, and last, but not least, blood and gut tissue samples were used to identify novel biochemical markers for sub-clinical NE. Chapter 3 reports an experiment showing that feed withdrawal up to 24 hrs in experimentally challenged birds did not result in NE specific lesions. Chapter 4 shows that replacing dietary soyabean meal with potato protein concentrate or canola meal or adding synthetic trypsin inhibitor to the soyabean meal control diet did not induce sub-clinical NE in birds housed on reused litter, a natural source of C. perfringens challenge. Chapter 5 describes that in vitro growth of C. perfringens on in vitro digested grower diets was prolonged following the addition of fishmeal, suggesting that the role of fish meal as a predisposing factor for in vivo sub-clinical NE cannot be excluded. All subsequent diets therefore contained high levels of fish meal. When this was used in combination with high dose of coccidial vaccine, a repeated in-feed challenge for three days at 102 colony forming units (cfu) C. perfringens per g feed did not result in sub-clinical NE, though at 109 cfu/g resulted in 10% of challenged birds (3 out of 30) showing NE-specific lesions (Chapter 6). Further study is needed to determine if the two Ross birds with gross NE lesions compared to the one Hubbard bird (out of 15 birds each) was due to a lower level of NE resistance. 3 The failure to significantly induce sub-clinical NE in the previous experiments suggests that challenging the birds with C. perfringens in the isolated presence of suspected predisposing factors may not provide a suitable experimental model. Indeed, when birds were dosed twice daily with 108 cfu C. perfringens for three days in the presence of high levels of fishmeal, canola meal as main protein source, coccidial and IBD vaccinations, and feed withdrawal prior to challenge, 40.6% of the challenged birds developed lesions of sub-clinical NE without inducing mortality (Chapter 7). This concurred with reduced growth performance relative to the sham-infected control birds, and thus is a successful model for induction of sub-clinical NE. Finally this work has, for the first time provided novel information on potential biomarkers (Chapter 8). Whilst challenge did not impact on the expression of genes previously shown to be differentially expressed upon C. perfringens toxin exposure, the serum ceruloplasmin concentration increased, suggesting that monitoring this acute phase protein may indicate the presence of C. perfringens infection in poultry. However, as such markers generally lack specificity, further research confirming its role in response to sub-clinical NE is needed to provide a fully effective diagnostic and prognostic marker for flock health and welfare, as well as ultimately helping to gain better understanding of the pathophysiology of sub-clinical NE. Improved knowledge of the effect of different dietary components on the growth of C. perfringens may help in the formulation of broiler diets to assist in further reducing the incidence of NE particularly in the absence of antimicrobial growth promoters. It is hoped that host responses in terms of acute phase proteins, and possibley gene expression, will also provide greater insight into the pathogenesis of NE. Provided that the developed experimental sub-clinical NE model is reproducible, this will benefit the understanding of this billion dollar disease and enable further investigation of various chemical and non-chemical interventions to reduce its severity and impact on poultry production.
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Beeson, Laura Alice. "An investigation of the possible health-promoting modes of action of regular- and super-doses of phytase in the broiler chicken." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7853/.
Full textAbstract:
The overall objective of this thesis was to study the effects of regular and high (super-) doses of phytase in the gut of broilers, with the aim of documenting the mechanism of their action leading to improvements in animal health. Phytase is often supplemented to commercial broiler diets to facilitate the hydrolysis of plant phytate and release of phosphorus for utilisation. Although not the original intention of its addition, phytase supplementation leads to improvements in growth performance parameters and enhanced nutrient utilisation. Further benefits have also been observed following the addition of super-doses of phytase which are not explained by an increase in phosphorus release, and thus have been termed ‘extra-phosphoric effects’. Using diets formulated to be adequate or marginally deficient in available phosphorus (aP) forming the negative control, NC), phytase was supplemented at 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg phytase in the first study (both super-doses) and the partitioning of nutrients within the body was investigated. It appeared that there were some metabolic changes between 1,500 and 3,000 FTU/kg, switching between protein and fat accretion, potentially as a consequence of nutrient availability, although these changes were not reflected by changes in growth performance parameters. However, the loss of the NC treatment without phytase on day 12 limits the comparison of the phytase within the NC treatment, but does allow for comparison of each dose at adequate or low dietary aP levels. As expected, a greater degree of phytate hydrolysis was achieved with 3,000 than with 1,500 FTU/kg phytase, but changes in carcass accretion characteristics were greater with 1,500 than 3,000 FTU/kg. Using these findings and the observation that there were no further changes in the parameters measured by increasing phytase from 1,500 to 3,000 FTU/kg (aside from phytate hydrolysis), 1,500 FTU/kg phytase was selected as the super-dose to be used in subsequent studies. The next study considered the influence of regular (500 FTU/kg) and super doses (1,500 FTU/kg) of phytase from within the gut. Overall, it was observed that changes were occurring to the gut environment, which ultimately would influence the absorptive capacity and conditions for further phytate hydrolysis. Dietary treatment influenced gut conditions such as pH, intestinal morphology and bacterial populations which can subsequently influence nutrient utilisation and potential for growth. The subsequent study was designed to investigate the effects within the gut in more detail. The release of nutrients from phytate hydrolysis and their bioavailability within the digesta can influence conditions within intestine, facilitating enhanced absorption. One of the parameters investigated was the expression of genes involved in the transport of nutrients in the intestine. Overall, there were few significant dietary treatment influences on gene expression in the intestine, however there was a dose-dependent response of phytase on the expression of the jejunual divalent mineral transporter. This indicates a change in divalent mineral bioavailability in the intestine, with correlations with inositol phosphate esters (IPs) being identified. This is likely explained by the IPs produced by phytase hydrolysis and accumulating in the digesta, differing between regular and high doses of phytase. It became apparent that interactions between the products of phytate hydrolysis (IP3, IP4) and minerals in the digesta had the potential to influence the gut environment and subsequent nutrient bioavailability and overall phytase action. The final study was designed to increase the content of the IPs, and investigate the influence of phytase under these conditions. As the complete hydrolysis of phytate to myo-inositol has been reported to be beneficial due to its proposed insulin mimetic effects, myo-inositol was also supplemented to one of the diets to see if any further benefits would be observed when supplemented alongside super-doses of phytase. Neither increased concentrations of the higher IP esters (IP6, IP5 and IP4) nor myo-inositol (myo-) had any effect on broiler growth performance, however there were still apparent beneficial influences of phytase supplementation. The results suggest considerable and important interactions between minerals and IP esters within the digesta, which ultimately have the potential to influence gut conditions and thus nutrient utilisation and growth performance. Reduced concentrations of blood glucose in the high IP ester diet with additional phytase supplementation suggest some insulin-like effects of myo- production. Additionally, the lack of effect of myo- supplementation on blood glucose and insulin concentrations suggests a difference between the structure of phytase-produced myo- and supplemented myo-. Although there were no improvements in growth performance by increasing phytase from 500 to 1,500 FTU/kg, there were changes occurring at the level of the gut and expression of genes in the intestine, influencing nutrient utilisation and the partitioning of nutrients within the body. There are many factors to be considered when supplementing phytase, with dietary nutrient content and nutrient release and IP production during phytate hydrolysis having an influence on phytase action, nutrient absorption and conditions within the gut. Super-doses of phytase may be beneficial for maintaining optimal gut conditions, clearing IP esters from the digesta, reducing their potential to form complexes with minerals and other nutrients, ultimately influencing the efficiency of production.
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Sternberg, Susanna. "Studies on equine Actinobacillus spp /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5904-4.pdf.
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Pamparienė, Ina. "Termografijos taikymas gyvūnų ligų ankstyvajai diagnostikai ir prevencijai." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2013~D_20140110_212306-00048.
Full textAbstract:
Darbo tikslas – vertinti termografijos metodo tinkamumą gyvūnų ligų ankstyvajai diagnostikai ir prevencijai.
Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti termovizijos metodo tinkamumą diagnozuojant pado odos pažeidimus ir slaptuosius jūrų kiaulyčių pododermatitus, nustatyti kontrolinės grupės jūrų kiaulyčių paviršinę pado odos temperatūrą pasirinktuose matavimo taškuose. 2. Nustatyti sveikų, kontrolinės grupės melžiamų karvių, laikomų palaiduoju būdu, priekinių ir užpakalinių galūnių paviršinės odos temperatūros rodiklius matavimo vietose esant teigiamai +18 °C ir neigiamai –1°C aplinkos temperatūrai. 3. Įvertinti šlubuojančių melžiamų karvių temperatūros skirtumus ir patologinius atvejus. 4. Ortopediškai ištirti ir įvertinti melžiamų karvių su padidėjusia galūnių temperatūra klinikinę būklę; įvertinti koreliaciją tarp nustatytų patologinių pakitimų ir temperatūros rodiklių; 5. Įvertinti metodo tinkamumą atliekant sveikų ir slaptuoju mastitu sergančių karvių termogramas.
Aprašomas metodas, naudojant sistemas „FLIR E50“ ir „Therma CAM P640“, nei Lietuvos, nei užsienio šalių mokslininkų nebuvo taikytas sveikų jūrų kiaulyčių paviršinei pado odos temperatūrai nustatyti, odos pažeidimams, slaptiesiems pododermatitams tirti ar melžiamų karvių galūnių sveikatos ir tešmens būklei nustatyti bei vertinti.
Pirmą kartą termografiniai galūnių tyrimai atlikti, kai karvės buvo laikytos laikomos besaičio laikymo karvidėse, sekliuose boksuose, šaltame tvarte, be pakratų, palaidos, o guoliavietės išklotos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The aim of the present study – To evaluate the applicability of the thermography method in early diagnosis and prevention of animal diseases. Goals of the study: 1. To assess the applicability of the method of thermal imaging in the diagnosis of skin lesions and subclinical pododermatitis in guinea pigs by determining the surface temperature of the sole skin in the selected points in guinea pigs of the control group. 2. To determine the temperature indicators of the surface skin of front and hind limbs in healthy dairy cows of the control group housed in free stalls in the measuring points at the positive +18 °C and negative –1 °C ambient temperature. 3. To evaluate the temperature difference and the pathological cases in lame dairy cows. 4. To orthopedically examine and assess the clinical condition of dairy cows with the increased temperature in limbs; to assess the correlation between the pathological changes and temperature indicators. 5. To evaluate the applicability of the method in making thermal images of healthy cows and cows with subclinical mastitis. Neither Lithuanian, nor foreign scientists have ever applied the descriptive method in combination with the latest high sensitivity mobile thermal imaging systems “FLIR E50” and “Therma CAM P640” to determine the surface temperature of the sole skin in healthy guinea pigs, to examine sole lesions, subclinical pododermatitis in guinea pigs and to determine and evaluate the health of dairy cows and the condition of their... [to full text]
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Neely, Clement D. "Comparison of the effects of three different dehorning techniques on behavior and wound healing in feeder cattle in a western Kansas feedlot." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15935.
Full textAbstract:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Clinical Sciences
Daniel U. Thomson
Cross-bred horned steers and heifers (n = 40; BW = 311.8 ± 4.7 kgs.) were used to determine the effect of dehorning methods on pain, cattle behavior and wound healing. Cattle were blocked by weight and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 1) control (CON); 2) banded using high tension elastic rubber (BAND); 3) mechanically removed (MECH); or 4) tipped (TIP). Vocalization and behavior were recorded during the dehorning process. Wound healing scores, attitude, gait and posture, appetite, and lying were recorded daily. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test of SAS (Cary, NC). Vocalization scores were highest for MECH, and the BAND cattle vocalized more than TIP and CON (P < 0.05). There were treatment effects for gait and posture (P = 0.03), appetite (P = 0.01) and lying scores (P < 0.01), BAND cattle had higher scores (P < 0.10) in these parameters compared to MECH, TIP and CON cattle. There was treatment by time interactions for attitude (P < 0.01), horn bud (P < 0.01) and bleeding (P < 0.01). BAND cattle had increased attitude scores in weeks 1, 3 and 4 (P < 0.10), increased hornbud scores in weeks 3 and 4 (P < 0.05) and increased bleeding scores in week 3 (P < 0.05). These data indicate that MECH is a painful procedure for cattle at the time of the procedure. Banding to remove horns from cattle is not recommended based on the data and observations from this study.
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Brusk, Amy M. "Survey of business management factors associated with mixed animal veterinary practice size and growth." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1431.
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BRANDSTETTER, Luciana Ramos Gaston. "Efeito da solução de Carolina Rinse na injúria de isquemia e reperfusão experimental no intestino delgado de coelhos." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2011. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1135.
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Previous issue date: 201-11-18Mechanic obstruction of blood vessels that irrigate the intestine leads to ischemia and intense reduction of oxygenation and tissue perfusion. If oxygenated blood flow returns abruptly to tissues before cellular death reperfusion injury occurs; this can be initiated by several mechanisms resulting in inflammatory response. Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury has been widely associated to cell necrosis, although another distinct biochemical and morphological type of cell death, called apoptosis, is involved. Such conditions are mediated by signaling molecules in cellular surface, which lead to long term changes in gene expression. In the majority of cells, MAP (Mitogen Activated Protein) kinases (MAPK), which are part of a group of cytoplasmic enzymes, will transmit mitogenic and cell differentiation signs. Three MAPK that have been identified in mammalian cells participate in the signaling pathway: ERK, p38 and JNK. Activated p38 and JNK are usually related to apoptosis, while activated ERK 1/2 (P44/42) have a protection function inhibiting apoptosis. With the purpose of minimizing reperfusion injury after liver transplant, Carolina Rinse Solution (CRS) was designed by North Carolina University, USA. Although this solution has been used in horses to attenuate I/R injury in horse intestine, little is known about the eventual tissue protection mechanism. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of topical and intraluminal CRS in I/R injury, and the activation profile of p38 and ERK 1/2 MAPK, in rabbit jejunum. Fifteen New Zealand rabbits were allocated to three groups: Sham-operated (A), Ischemia and reperfusion (B) and CRS (C). Groups B and C were subjected to one hour of jejunal ischemia and two hours of reperfusion. In group C, ten minutes prior to reperfusion, the bowel lumen was filled with CRS, and the segment was immersed in CRS until reperfusion onset. Changes such as degeneration, necrosis, edema, hemorrhage, PMN infiltration and margination were not significantly different between groups B and C, showing that topical and intraluminal CRS did not attenuate deleterious effects of I/R in small intestinal of rabbits. I/R stimulated the phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK and p38 MAPK pathways in some layers of jejunum. Progressive activation of p44/42 MAPK was chiefly localized to the crypts of Lieberkühn, circular and longitudinal muscle layers, whereas p38 MAPK was prominently activated in myenteric plexus and both muscle layers. All layers that did respond to I/R insult with activation increase of ERK 1/2 and p38, in all groups, showed low baseline phosphorylation levels as compared to those that did not react to the insult. The results of this work indicate that topical and intraluminal CRS does not interfere in ERK 1/2 and p38 activation profile in rabbit jejunum subjected to I/R.
A obstrução mecânica de vasos sanguíneos que irrigam o intestino leva à isquemia, com redução na oxigenação e perfusão teciduais. Se o fluxo sanguíneo oxigenado retorna aos tecidos bruscamente antes da morte celular, ocorre a chamada injúria de reperfusão, a qual pode ser iniciada por vários mecanismos, levando a uma resposta inflamatória. A injúria de isquemia e reperfusão (I/R) tem sido amplamente associada à necrose celular, apesar de um tipo bioquímico e morfológico distinto de morte celular, chamada de apoptose, também esteja envolvida. Tais processos são mediados por moléculas de sinalização na superfície das células, as quais levam a mudanças na expressão dos genes. Na maioria das células, as MAP (Mitogen Activated Protein) quinases (MAPK), as quais são parte de um grupo de enzimas citoplasmáticas, transmitem os sinais mitogênicos e de diferenciação. Três MAPK que foram identificadas em células de mamíferos participam do mecanismo de sinalização: ERK, p38 e JNK. As MAPK p38 e JNK ativadas normalmente estão associadas à apoptose, enquanto ERK 1/2 (P44/42) ativada tem função de inibição da apoptose. Com o propósito de minimizar a injúria de reperfusão após o transplante de fígado, a solução de Carolina Rinse (CRS) foi desenvolvida pela Universidade da Carolina do Norte nos EUA. Essa solução tem sido utilizada para minimizar os efeitos da I/R em intestino de eqüinos, mas pouco se sabe do seu possível mecanismo de ação protetora. O presente estudo objetivou investigar os efeitos do uso tópico e intraluminal da CRS na injúria de I/R e no perfil de ativação das MAPK p38 e ERK 1/2 no jejuno de coelhos. Quinze coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia foram alocados em três grupos: Instrumentado (A), Isquemia e reperfusão (B) e CRS (C). Os grupos B e C foram submetidos a uma hora de isquemia e duas horas de reperfusão de jejuno. No grupo C, dez minutos antes da reperfusão, o lumen do segmento foi preenchido com CRS e o mesmo foi imerso em CRS até o início da reperfusão. Mudanças como degeneração, necrose, edema, hemorragia, infiltrado e marginação de PMN não foram significativamente diferentes entre os grupos B e C, o que mostra que o uso tópico e intraluminal da CRS não atenuou os efeitos deletérios da I/R no intestino delgado de coelhos. A I/R estimulou a fosforilação das MAPK p44/42 e p38 em algumas camadas do jejuno. A ativação progressiva de p44/42 ocorreu principalmente nas criptas de Lieberkühn e nas camadas musculares circular e longitudinal, enquanto a MAPK p38 foi ativada principalmente no plexo mioentérico e em ambas as camadas musculares. Todas as camadas que responderam ao insulto da I/R com aumento da ativação de ERK 1/2 e p38, em todos os grupos, apresentaram baixos níveis basais de fosforilação, quando comparados àquelas que não responderam ao insulto. Os resultados desse estudo indicam que o uso tópico e intraluminal da CRS não interfere no perfil de ativação de ERK 1/2 e p38 no jejuno de coelhos submetidos à I/R.
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Torres, Siddartha. "Various factors involved in control, treatment, and investigation of bovine respiratory disease in high risk feedlot cattle." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15315.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Animal Science and Industry
Chris Reinhardt
Dan Thomson
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex (BRDC) is the most common and costly disease in feedlot cattle in North America. Annual economic losses are estimated to be US$1 billion due to mortality, reduced performance, and treatment costs. The disease is a multifactorial syndrome caused by a combination of environmental factors, management practices, animal susceptibility, and viral and bacterial pathogens. The objectives of this dissertation were to evaluate two injectable antimicrobials for the treatment and control of BRDC in feedlot cattle, investigation of factors associated with BRDC mortality and morbidity, and to develop control charts based on statistical process control (SPC) principles to monitor cattle mortality rates. Two multi-site prospective studies were conducted to evaluate the comparative efficacy of the administration of gamithromycin and tulathromycin for the treatment and control of BRDC. A total of 2,529 animals were enrolled at two commercial feedlot locations to evaluate the efficacy of the antimicrobials to control BRDC. Morbidity due to BRDC was higher (P = 0.03) among calves receiving gamithromycin compared with those receiving tulathromycin; however, treatments were considered bioequivalent (P < 0.05) for BRDC mortality, case fatality rate and re-treatment rate. Final BW, ADG, DMI and F:G, were similar (P<0.05) between the groups of calves receiving gamithromycin and tulathromycin. For the evaluation of treatment efficacy, a total of 1,049 calves were enrolled in the study. Re-treatment rate was higher among animals treated with gamithromycin compared with those treated with tulathromycin. Treatments were bioequivalent (P < 0.05) for case fatality rate, final BW, and ADG. To evaluate factors associated with BRDC, a retrospective study was conducted to analyze BRDC mortality and morbidity associated with initial body weight, rectal temperature, and castration and dehorning (tipping) at processing. Calves with lighter weights and fever at processing were at greater risk of mortality and morbidity due to BRDC. Also, bulls castrated at processing were at higher risk of developing BRDC. Finally, we developed control charts based on SPC principles to monitor and identify “normal” and special cases of variation of mortality rate. In feedlot cattle, monitoring lots of cattle through SPC principles can be used as a powerful tool for continuous improvement.
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Adam, Emma N. "DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN EQUINE CARTILAGINOUS TISSUES AND INDUCED CHONDROCYTES." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/25.
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Degenerative joint disease, or osteoarthritis, is a major cause of lameness and morbidity in horses, humans, and dogs. There are no truly satisfactory cures for this widespread problem and current treatments all have limitations or unwanted side effects.
New cell-based strategies to repair joint surface lesions have generated a high level of interest, but have yet to achieve the full restoration of articular cartilage structure and function. Currently used therapy cells include autologous chondrocytes and adult mesenchymal cells such as bone marrow derived cells and adipose derived cells. Unfortunately, the resultant repair tissue is biomechanically inferior fibrocartilage. A critical gap in knowledge in this regard is a limited understanding of the specific cellular phenotype of normal, robust articular chondrocytes.
This thesis examines the global mRNA transcriptome of equine articular cartilage to test the hypothesis that adult articular chondrocytes have a unique gene expression profile. In the first part of the study, RNA-sequencing was used to compare the mRNA transcriptome of normal adult articular cartilage with five other cartilaginous tissues. From these comparisons, locus level gene expression and alternative splicing patterns have been identified that clearly distinguish articular cartilage. In the second part of the study, fetal (interzone, cartilage anlagen chondrocytes, dermal fibroblasts) and adult (bone marrow derived, adipose derived, articular chondrocytes, dermal fibroblasts) primary cells were grown in culture and stimulated to differentiate into chondrocytes. The chondrogenic differentiation potential as assessed by matrix proteoglycan and the expression of cartilage biomarker genes was highly variable among cell types. Together, these results advance our understanding of the specific phenotype of articular chondrocytes and the potential of prospective therapeutic progenitor cells to differentiate into articular chondrocytes. This new knowledge will improve efforts to optimize cell-based therapies for osteoarthritis and the repair of joint cartilage lesions.
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Kujala, Naresh Gandhi Yu Ping. "Frequency domain fluorescent molecular tomography and molecular probes for small animal imaging." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/7021.
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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 26, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Dissertation advisor: Dr. Ping Yu. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Gautam, Ablesh. "EXAMINATION OF THE SNSAG SURFACE ANTIGEN GENE FAMILY IN SARCOCYSTIS NEURONA." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gluck_etds/20.
Full textAbstract:
Sarcocystis neurona is a protozoan parasite that causes the serious neurologic disease equine protozoal myeloencephalitis (EPM). The life cycle of S. neurona progresses through multiple developmental stages that differ morphologically and molecularly. The S. neurona merozoite surface is covered by multiple related proteins, which are orthologous to the surface antigen (SAG) gene family of Toxoplasma gondii. The SAG surface antigens in T. gondii and another related parasite Neospora caninum are life cycle stage-specific and seem necessary for parasite transmission and persistence of infection. The present research was conducted to explore the gene family of SnSAGs in S. neurona. Specifically, the project identified new SnSAGs in the draft genome sequence of S. neurona and examined the stage-specific expression and potential function of these surface antigens. For the first part of the study, expression of the S. neurona merozoite surface antigens was evaluated in the sporozoite and bradyzoite stages. The studies revealed that SnSAG2, SnSAG3 and SnSAG4 are expressed by sporozoites, while SnSAG5 appeared to be downregulated in this life cycle stage. In S. neurona bradyzoites, SnSAG2, SnSAG3, SnSAG4 and SnSAG5 were either absent or expression was greatly reduced. For the second part of the study, the draft sequence of the S. neurona genome was searched for potential new SnSAGs. Multiple searches revealed sixteen potential new SnSAG genes, and bioinformatic analyses of the sequences revealed characteristics consistent with the SAG gene family. Two of the new SnSAGs, designated SnSAG7 and SnSAG8, have been characterized in detail. The studies showed that SnSAG7 is expressed by the merozoite stage, while SnSAG8 is expressed by the bradyzoite stage. The third part of the study assessed the role of SnSAGs in host cell attachment and/or invasion by S. neurona. Serum neutralization assays using polyclonal serum raised against SnSAG1, SnSAG2, SnSAG3, and SnSAG4 suggested that SnSAG1 and SnSAG4 play a role in host cell attachment and/or invasion; treatment with antibodies against SnSAG2 and SnSAG3 were inconclusive. The information acquired about the stage-specific expression of the SnSAGs, identification of new SnSAG paralogues, and their functional characterization will help to understand the importance of the SnSAG proteins for parasite survival and could lead to improved methods for EPM prevention and/or treatment.
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Gonzáles, Vargas Víctor Efrain. "Effect of bulbourethrectomy and collection frequency on macro- and microscopic characteristics of llama (Lama glama) ejaculate." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2004. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5371.
Full textAbstract:
This study occurred in the Rural Academic Unit-Tiahuanaco installations, of the Bolivian Catholic University-La Paz, Bolviia, with the objective of evaluating macro- and microscopic characteristics of sperm ejaculation from bulbourethrectomized llamas. Six q'ara-variety male llamas of 3, 4, and 5 years of age were used over 8 weeks during which they were fed with natural and cultivated pastures. Ejaculate was collected with an artificial vagina with stimulation (libido) of male llamas by female llamas, for macro- and microscopic evaluation (volume, pH, color, appearance, motility, concentration, and sperm vitality). The results obtained were: average volume of 0.55[+or-]0.36 ml, with a CV of 20.2%; average pH of 7.53[+or-]0.42 with a CV of 4.9%; the ejaculate's color varied between crystal white, opaque white, and milky white at proportions of 50%, 25%, and 25%, respectively; average motility was 25.9[+or-]21.8% with a CV of 27.6%; average sperm concentration was 28.7x106[+or-]20.11x106 sperm/ml with a CV of 13%; average live sperm count was 31.8[+or-]24.4% with a CV of 25.3%; and the ejaculate an appearance of nonviscous fluid. The 4-year-old animals had excellent sperm ejaculations (macro- and microscopic characteristics) without differences between collection weeks.
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Guerrero, Carrera Verónica del Rocío. "Effect of the use of amaranth leaf flour in the development of a diet for guinea pigs." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5373.
Full textAbstract:
This study was carried out in the San Clemente community. The objective was to analyze the effect of using amaranth leaf flour in the creation of a diet for guinea pigs. The field work was done over a period of 12 months and was done in two phases: Development of the diet: this was done by growing the amaranth, cutting it, and dehydrating it until flour was obtained. Then, it was mixed into the diet in accordance with the pre-determined formula along with the other respective materials. Handling of guinea pigs: This was done in the shed of the San Clemente community after it had been re-conditioned and disinfected. The weaned guinea pigs were taken there for the study for a period of 2 months. A completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments was used. Each treatment had four repetitions. There was one experimental unit, which consisted of five guinea pigs. The data were evaluated via an analysis of variance, a Tukey test, and orthogonal comparisons. The variable of interest was the % of amaranth flour in a basic diet. The treatments were as follows: T0= Control diet with 0% amaranth flour; T1= 20% amaranth flour; T2= 40% amaranth flour; T3= 60% amaranth flour; T4= 80% amaranth flour; T5= Fresh amaranth with herbs from the community. Analyzed Variables: biweekly weight gain; monthly mortality; daily dry feed intake; production costs per treatment; and tasting. From the results, we concluded that the T1 diet and grass-feeding in the community were the best options since they presented the best results in weight gain and nutrient conversion. With regard to dry feed intake, T5 was consumed in the greatest quantities and thus had the highest production cost.
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Clancy, Chad S. "Male Reproductive Infection and Sexual Transmission of Zika Virus in an Immunocompromised Mouse Model." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7478.
Full textAbstract:
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a sexually transmitted viral infection most frequently transmitted by mosquitoes. The source of infectious virions in the male reproductive tract has yet to be elucidated. The goals of the studies included developing and characterizing two mouse models for reproductive transmission studies and demonstration of sexual transmission of virus via artificial insemination. The mouse strains used in the study lacked receptors to interferon molecules, key signaling proteins of the host immune response. Inflammation severity was assessed during acute disease, 5-11 days after infection using a novel histopathology grading system. ZIKV proteins and genome were initially detected in epididymal epithelial cells in males. Inflammation was first observed in the epididymis and progressed to the testicle in both AG129 and Ifnar-/- males. Infection of Ifnar-/- mice may better recapitulate Zika virus pathology in humans due to milder histopathologic lesions, the presence of histologically normal sperm in epididymal tubules, and an ability to survive the acute phase of disease. In further studies, male Ifnar-/- mice were challenged subcutaneously with ZIKV. Artificial insemination fluid derived from experimentally infected males showed positive sexual transmission at 7 days post infection (DPI) but not 35 or 70 DPI. These studies show passage of virus from epididymal flush and seminal plasma to females via insemination during acute ZIKV disease in males and provides a model for sexual transmission of ZIKV.