Academic literature on the topic 'Vežbanje'

Recreation is freely chosen, individual or organized social activity, which physical exercise and sports and recreational activities allows people active relax. Recreation with its means, contents and methods has impact on correction of the negative side effects that affect on working capacity, impair health and lead to early disability. To mitigate the negative impact of modern life requires an adequate physical activity, adjusted to sex, age, total psychophysical predispositions. The aim of this paper is to present a program that has primarily influence on the strength and flexibility of adult women, and which can be used in planning and programming recreational activities of women, when we speak about programs and recreational activities in targeted purposes. The combined method of body shaping is a unique exercises system of stretching and strength. This system strengthens and builds the muscles, corrects posture, provides flexibility and balance, unites body and mind.

Autori u radu skreću pažnju na metodički pristup sadr­žajima algebre koji se odnose na zavisnost rezultata od promene kompone­nata računskih operacija u mlađim razredima osnovne škole i ukazuju na potrebu da pristup ovim sadržajima ima polazište u realnim situacijama koje će biti modelovane i koje će predstavljati polazište za izvođenje generalizacija i simboličkih algebarskih notacija. U tom kontekstu akce­nat stavljaju na kontekstualni pristup učenju ovih sadržaja i razmatraju ulogu udžbenika matematike, kao osnove za učenje i oslonac učitelju u kon­cipiranju metodičkog pristupa u radu sa učenicima. Na uzorku udžbenika matematike za treći i četvrti razred osnovne škole organizovali su istraživanje, zasnovano na tehnici analize sadržaja, s ciljem da ispitaju koji pristup je dominantniji u uvođenju ovih sadržaja – kontekstualni ili nekontekstualni. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su značajne razlike u odabiru pristupa u uvođenju sadržaja u udžbenicima matematike, veza­nih za zavisnost, od isključive dominacije jednog pristupa do njihovog kombinovanja, kao i malu zastupljenost kontekstualno zasnovanih zadataka koji su predviđeni za vežbanje, utvrđivanje i primenu znanja.

New scientific discoveries in the quantum physics give us possibility in a new way to perceive the relation between physical exercise and the Christian theology of creation, in accordance with the basic hypotheses of the theoanthropocentric theory of the development of physical culture. Man's role in the world, especially in his motion, is to mediate, that is to be agent of connecting or bridge between the creation and its Creator. Motion is the reflection of human intellectual, emotional and spiritual condition, and body is a tool for the realization of harmony among them. It is therefore an instrument of love to God, in mutual giving and acceptance in which the field of all creation is actuated.

The axiological assumptions of the modern society have been called into question under the challenges of today, which has also been reflected in the aspects of individual physical exercise and the development of the value of society's awareness of this important segment. The modern forms of communication via internet and social networks are some of the basic features of the modern way of life. Therefore, it is important to examine their role in various forms of values of consciousness, both in morality, art, law and politics, as well as in physical exercise and sports. In parallel with the examination of all types of social consciousness and the analysis of the value function in social life that internet communications and virtual reality have, another 'new reality' caused by the coronavirus pandemic has emerged. It can be said that people's awareness of the importance of physical exercise for the quality of their own life is an axiological assumption for their survival. The key values, such as: preservation of health, prevention of obesity, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, high blood pressure, osteoporosis and depressive-anxiety conditions cannot be disputed in any segment. The new virtual reality has therefore sought ways to support, enhance and encourage these core values of physical exercise. Numerous platforms and applications have been developed that can have an impact on the complete improvement of health and quality of life of all age groups. Regular physical activity also brings benefits to a person's mental health. It is also a segment where internet platforms cannot negatively affect the fact that regular physical exercise with internet apps or YouTube trainers cannot challenge the increase in Dopamine and serotonin levels in the brain associated with improved pleasure or the secretion of endorphins, hormones responsible for improving mood and energy. What 'new reality' and 'virtual reality' cannot provide when it comes to physical exercise, is face-to-face communication, eye contact, socialising, fun and laughter in the gym while performing exercises in group programs. This paper will try to find the answers on how much the mentioned socialisation has been reduced by the new situation and whether the likes and the emoticons can be stimulating as much as the living word during the physical exercise.

Uvod-Kardiovaskularne bolesti su vodeći uzrok smrti i radne nesposobnosti u Evropi, predstavljajuveliko socijalno i ekonomsko opterećenje. Bolesti periferne arterijske cirkulacije se mogu podeliti udve celine i to na okluzivne i neokluzivne bolesti, odnosno funkcionalne smetnje. Učestalostarterijske bolesti donjih ekstremiteta snažno je povezana sa godinama starosti. Faktori rizika zaperifernu arterijsku bolest su slični onima koji su važni u etiologiji koronarne arterijske bolesti:gojaznost, pu&scaron;enje, dislipidemija, &scaron;ećerna bolest, hipertenzija. Najtipičnija prezentacija perifernearterijske bolesti je intermitentna klaudikacija koja se karakteri&scaron;e bolom u listovima koji sepojačava pri hodanju; bol obično nestaje u miru. Svi gojazni pacijenti sa perifernom arterijskombole&scaron;ću donjih ekstremiteta imaju povećan rizik od budućih kardiovaskularnih događaja, te je kodnjih obavezna op&scaron;ta sekundarna prevencija u cilju pobolj&scaron;anja prognoze. Fizičko vežbanjepredstavlja metodu izbora kod obolelih od periferne arterijske bolesti donjih ekstremiteta.Cilj istraživanja: Uporediti efekte programirane fizičke aktivnosti i medikamentozne terapije nahemodinamiku i riziko faktore za kardiovaskularna obolenja kod gojaznih osoba obolelih odperiferne arterijske bolesti donjih ekstremiteta.Ispitanici i metode istraživanja: Obavila se retrospektivna-prospektivna, klinički deskriptivna,kontrolisana studija, na ispitanicima Javne Ustanove Domovi Zdravlja Kantona Sarajevo -Specijalističko konsultativna delatnost. OJ Specijalističko konsultativna delatnost predstavljasekundarni vanbolnički nivo zdravstvene za&scaron;tite. Ovom studijom se evaluirao period od 20 nedelja(140 dana). U studiju je uključeno 75 ispitanika. Na početku istraživanja, na osnovu nalaza kolorDoppler sonografije pedalnih arterija, nalaza ejekcione frakcije leve komore, spirometrijskognalaza, vrednosti pulsnog aortalnog pritiska te utvrđivanja preterane uhranjosti &ndash; gojaznostiispitanici su uključeni u istraživanje. Osim ultrazvučnog nalaza i nalaza spirometrije, pacijenti sudali i iscrpnu anamnezu o prethodnim obolenjima. Uradilo se merenje indeksa telesne težine, obimstruka i klaudikacione distance. Lipidogram kao i jutarnji &scaron;ećer su bili urađeni za svakog pacijenta.Pacijentima je prepisana ili produžena medikamentozna terapija, te data detaljna upustva zasvakodnevni program vazoaktivne &scaron;etnje.Rezultati istraživanja: Na početku istraživanja prosečna vrednost obima struka ispitanika jeiznosila 87,94&plusmn;3,07cm, nakon dve sedmice prosečan obim struka je iznosio 87,10&plusmn;2,0 cm, a nakraju istraživanja 84,96&plusmn;1,98cm. Na početku istraživanja ispitanici ispitivane grupe su imali indekstelesne mase od 28,93&plusmn;2,10 kg/m2. Nakon dve sedmice istraživanja i provedene terapije indekstelesne mase se smanjio i iznosio 28,36&plusmn;1,99 kg/m2, da bi na kraju istraživanja prosečna vrednostindeksa telesne mase u ispitivanoj grupi iznosio 27,26&plusmn;1,87 kg/m2. Prosečna vrednost glukoze ukrvi na početku istraživanja je iznosila 5,77&plusmn;0,96 mmol/L, tokom istraživanja ta vrednost je bila5,42&plusmn;0,88 mmol/L, a na kraju istraživanja 5,30&plusmn;0,92 mmol/L. Postprandijalna vrednost glukoze ukrvi je na početku istraživanja iznosila7,48&plusmn;0,85 mmol/L, tokom istraživanja ta vrednost je bila6,82&plusmn;0,62 mmol/L, a na kraju istraživanja 6,44&plusmn;0,64 mmol/L. Na početku istraživanja vrednostHbA1c je iznosila 5,52&plusmn;0,91%, tokom istraživanja 5,32&plusmn;0,97%, a na kraju istraživanja5,09&plusmn;0,73%.Prosečna vrednost CRP-a na početku istraživanja je iznosila 3,77&plusmn;1,12mg/L, tokomistraživanja vrednost je iznosila 3,66&plusmn;1,36mg/L, da bi na kraju istraživanja ta vrednost iznosila3,61&plusmn;1,21mg/L. Uparenim t-testom nije ustanovljeno statistički značajno smanjenje ili povečanjeCRP-a tokom istraživanja. Prosečna vrednost holestarola u krvi ispitanika na početku istraživanjaje bila iznad referentnih vrednosti i iznosila 6,58&plusmn;0,90 mmol/L. Nakon dve sedmice istraživanja iprovedene terapije vrednost je iznosila 4,96&plusmn;0,46 mmol/L, da bi na kraju istraživanja vrednostiznosila 4,15&plusmn;0,54 mmol/L. Prosečne vrednosti triglicerida na početku i tokom istraživanja su bilepovi&scaron;ene, da bi na kraju istraživanja bile u okvirima referentnih vrednosti. Razlika izmeđuVIvrednosti leptina kod mu&scaron;karaca na početku i kraju istraživanja je iznosila 2,66&plusmn;1,52 ng/ml(t=3,024; p=0,094) dok kod ispitanica ženskog pola nije do&scaron;lo do statistički značajne razlike.Prosečne vrednosti viskoznosti plazme su na početku i tokom istraživanja bile iznad referentnihvrednosti da bi na kraju istraživanja ta vrednost bila u granicama fiziolo&scaron;kih vrednosti. Prosečnevrednosti PSV na početku i tokom istraživanja su bile u granicama patolo&scaron;kih vrednosti da bi nakraju istraživanja vrednost bila u granicma fiziolo&scaron;kih vrednosti. Na početku istraživanja prosečnavrednost PSV-a je bila 25,64&plusmn;5,38 cm/s, tokom istraživanja 26,94&plusmn;5,31 cm/s, da bi na krajuistraživanja iznosila 35,84&plusmn;5,73 cm/s. Tokom sva tri merenja do&scaron;lo je do statistički značajnogpobolj&scaron;anja. Na početku i tokom istraživanja ispitanici ispitivane grupe su imali patolo&scaron;kevrednosti klaudikacione distance, da bi na kraju istraživanja ta vrednost bila u fiziolo&scaron;kimgranicama. Ustanovljeno je statistički značajno smanjenje pulsa tokom istraživanja i to ufiziolo&scaron;kim okvirima. Iako je do&scaron;lo do statistički značajnog pobolj&scaron;anja EFLV ipak su vrednosti nakraju istraživanja bile na donjim granicama fiziolo&scaron;kih vrednosti. U toku istraživanja dobilo se istatistički značajno pobolj&scaron;anje vrednosti pulsnog aortalnog pritiska. Iako je do&scaron;lo do statističkiznačajnog pobolj&scaron;anja FEV1 ipak su vrednosti na kraju istraživanja bile na donjim granicamafiziolo&scaron;kih vrednosti.Zaključak - Vrednosti indeksa telesne mase ispitanika na kraju istraživanja su se statističkiznačajno smanjile. Prosečna vrednost holesterola i triglicerida, kao i prosečna vrednost PSV-a,BMI, EFLV, FEV1, kao i svih ostali poređenih parametara značajno se smanjila nakon obatretmana. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata ustanovljeno je da je klaudikaciona distanca statističkiznačajno manja u odnosu na početne vrednosti. Poredeći efekte medikamentoznog tretmana saefektima kombinovanog terapijskog pristupa dolazi se do zaključka da su svi poređeni parametri,izuzev C-reaktivnog proteina u krvi, statistički značajno pobolj&scaron;ani na kraju kombinovanogtretmana u odnosu na vrednosti na kraju medikamentoznog tretmana.<br>they represent a large social and economic burden. Diseases of peripheral arterial circulation can bedivided into two groups - the occlusive and non-occlusive disease, or functional impairment.Incidence of arterial disease of the lower extremities is strongly associated with age. Risk factorsfor peripheral arterial disease are similar to those that are important in the etiology of coronaryartery disease: obesity, smoking, dyslipidaemia, diabetes and hypertension. The most typicalpresentation of peripheral arterial disease is intermittent claudication, which is characterized withpain in the leaves, which increases during walking; the pain usually goes away in peace. All obesepatients with peripheral arterial disease of the lower extremities have an increased risk of futurecardiovascular incidents, and they require general secondary prevention in order to improve theirhealth forecasts. Physical activity represents the method of choice in patients with peripheralarterial disease of the lower extremities.Aim of the research: Compare the effects of programmed physical activity and medical therapy onhemodynamic and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases in patients with peripheral arterialdiseases of the lower extremities.Subjects and methods of research: A retrospective-prospective, clinically descriptive, controlledstudy was conducted on subjects of the Public Institution Health Care Centre of Sarajevo Canton&ndash;Specialist-consultative unit. Specialist-consultative unit represents secondary outpatient level ofhealth care. This study evaluated a period of 20 weeks (140 days). The study involved 75 subjects.At the beginning of the study, based on the findings of colour Doppler sonography of the pedalarteries, the findings of ejection fraction of the left ventricle, spirometry findings, values ofpulmonary aortic pressure and the determination of overweight - obesity subjects were included inthe research. In addition to ultrasound findings and spirometry findings, patients provided anexhaustive history of previous illnesses. Measurement of the body weight index, waistcircumference and claudication distance were performed. Lipid status and morning blood glucoselevel were performed for each patient. Prescribed or prolonged medicinal therapy was performedfor patients, and detailed instructions for everyday vasoactive walking program were given.Research resultsAt the beginning of the study, the average volume of the subjects&#39; waistcircumference was 87.94 &plusmn; 3.07cm, after two weeks the average volume of the waist was 87.10 &plusmn;2.0 cm, and at the end of the study 84.96 &plusmn; 1.98cm. At the beginning of the study, subjects of thetested group had a body mass index of 28.93 &plusmn; 2.10 kg / m2. After two weeks of research andperformed therapy, the body mass index decreased and amounted to 28.36 &plusmn; 1.99 kg / m2, so that atthe end of the study, the average body mass index in the tested group was 27.26 &plusmn; 1.87 kg / m2.The mean blood glucose level at the beginning of the study was 5.77 &plusmn; 0.96 mmol / L, during thestudy this value was 5.42 &plusmn; 0.88 mmol / L, and at the end of the study, 5.30 &plusmn; 0.92 mmol / L. Thepostprandial blood glucose level at the beginning of the study was 7,48 &plusmn; 0,85 mmol / L, during thestudy, this value was 6.82 &plusmn; 0.62 mmol / L, and at the end of the study, 6.44 &plusmn; 0.64 mmol / L. Atthe beginning of the study, the HbA1c value was 5.52 &plusmn; 0.91%, during the study 5.32 &plusmn; 0.97%, andat the end of the study, 5.09 &plusmn; 0.73%. The C-reactive protein (CRP) mean at the beginning of thestudy was 3.77 &plusmn; 1.12mg / L, during the study, the value was 3.66 &plusmn; 1.36mg / L, and at the end ofthe study, this value was 3.61 &plusmn; 1.21mg / L. Paired t-test did not show a statistically significantreduction or an increase in CRP during the study. The average blood cholesterol of the subjects atthe beginning of the study was above the reference values and amounted to 6.58 &plusmn; 0.90 mmol / L.After two weeks of research and therapy, the value was 4.96 &plusmn; 0.46 mmol / L, and at the end of thestudy the value was 4.15 &plusmn; 0.54 mmol / L. The average triglyceride values at the beginning andduring the study were elevated so that at the end of the study they were within the reference values.VIIIThe difference between the values of leptin in male subjects at the beginning and at the end of thestudy were 2.66 &plusmn; 1.52 ng / ml (t = 3.024; p = 0.094) while there was no statistically significantdifference in female subjects. The average values of plasma viscosity were initially and during thestudy above the reference values, and at the end of the study this value was within the limits ofphysiological values. The mean values of PSV at the beginning and during the study were withinthe limits of pathological values, and at the end of the study the value was within the physiologicallimits. At the beginning of the study, the mean PSV value was 25.64 &plusmn; 5.38 cm / s, during the study26.94 &plusmn; 5.31 cm / s, and at the end of the study it was 35.84 &plusmn; 5.73 cm / s. During all threemeasurements statistically significant improvement was observed. At the beginning and during thestudy, the subjects of the tested group had pathological values of claudication distance, and at theend of the study this value was within the physiological limits. A statistically significant reductionin pulse was observed during the study, in physiological frameworks. Although there wasstatistically significant improvement in EFLV, however, the values at the end of the study were atthe lower limits of physiological values. During the study, statistically significant improvement inthe value of pulmonary aortic pressure was obtained. Although there was statistically significantimprovement in FEV1, the values at the end of the study were at the lower limits of physiologicalvalues.Conclusion - The values of the body mass index of subjects involved at the end of the study werestatistically significantly reduced. The average value of cholesterol and triglycerides, as well as theaverage value of PSV, BMI, EFLV, FEV1 as well as all other comparable parameters, decreasedsignificantly after both treatments. Based on the obtained results it was found that the claudicationdistance was statistically significantly lower than the baseline values. Comparing the effects ofmedicinal treatment with the effects of the combined therapeutic approach, it is concluded that allthe compared parameters, other than C-reactive protein in the blood, were statistically significantlyimproved at the end of the combined treatment compared to the values at the end of the medicinaltreatment.

Adaptirana i indikovana fizička aktivnost u aktuelnom i stihijskom životu, kakav dana&scaron;nji čovek vodi, posmatra se kao neraskidivi deo svakodnevnog funkcionisanja.&nbsp; Pažljivo odabrana, i na adekvatan način&nbsp;&nbsp; primenjena, fizička aktivnost daje svoje pozitivne doprinose antropolo&scaron;kom prostoru čoveka. U dečijem uzrastu, fizička aktivnost je značajan faktor koji utiče na mnoge aspekte pravilnog&nbsp; rasta i razvoja. Motorički prostor, i prostor koji se odnosi na posturalno stanje u smislu mi&scaron;ićnih asimetrija, su samo neki od segmenata dečijeg razvoja. Uključenost roditelja u vaspitno obrazovni&nbsp; proces detetovog odrastanja&nbsp; je ne&scaron;to &scaron;to se slobodno može definisati kao &ldquo; imperativ dana&scaron;njice&ldquo;. Da li uključenost roditelja u adaptirani trenažni proces može da utiče na pravilan razvoj deteta?&nbsp; Problem istraživanja se odnosi na analizu efekata programa razvojne gimnastike uz dodatno vežbanje sa roditeljima na mi&scaron;ićne asimetrije, morfolo&scaron;ke karakteristike i koordinaciju kod dece pred&scaron;kolskog uzrasta. Generalni cilj istraživanja predstavlja utvrđivanje efikasnosti programa razvojne gimnastike uz dodatno vežbanje sa roditeljima na mi&scaron;ićne disbalanse, morfolo&scaron;ke karakteristike i koordinaciju dece pred&scaron;kolskog uzrasta. Uzorak ispitanika je bio formiran iz populacije dece pred&scaron;kolskog uzrasta. Veličina uzorka je bila 176 dece uzrasta između 5 i 7 godina. Uzorak je bio&nbsp; podeljen na tri subuzorka: eksperimentalnu&nbsp; grupu, eksperimentalnu grupu sa dodatnim vežbanjem sa roditeljima i kontrolnu grupu iz Subotice. Motorička koordinacija je bila procenjena KTK baterijom testova (K&ouml;rperkoordinationtest f&uuml;r Kinder&ldquo;), koji je standardizovan motorički test sa veoma visokim stepenom pouzdanosti. Za varijable mi&scaron;ićnih asimetrija se koristila 3D kinematička&nbsp; analiza&nbsp; u statičkom režimu marke Contemplas (Professional motion analysis software), dok su morfolo&scaron;ke varijable činile telesna visina, telesna masa i indeks telesne mase. Nakon primene eksperimentalnog tretmana&nbsp; uočene su statistički značajne razlike u varijablama motoričke koordinacije u smislu pozitivnih efekata u 3 od 6 varijabli. Iz ugla mi&scaron;ićnih asimetrija može se konstatovati da je eksperimentalni tretman (iako nije bio statistički značajan) izazvao izvesne korekcije u vidu smanjenja odstupanja u varijablama kičmenog stuba u sagitalnoj ravni, dok nije bilo statistički značajnog efekta tretmana posmatrajući ceo sistem varijabli u odstupanjima kičmenog stuba u frontalnoj ravni. Eksperimentalni tretman je takođe doprineo i pozitivnim efektima u morfolo&scaron;kom prostoru.<br>Adapted and indicated physical activity of the contemporary man with a chaotic lifestyle, is considered an essential part of everyday life. Carefully selected and adequately applied physical activity gives a positive contribution to man&rsquo;s anthropological space. During childhood, physical activity is a significant factor which affects many aspects of growth and development. Motoric space, and space that refers to postural conditions, that is, muscular asymmetry, are just some segments of children&rsquo;s development. Involving parents in the educational process of a child&rsquo;s upbringing could be defined as &ldquo;a modern day imperative&rdquo;. Can parents&rsquo; involvement in the training process affect a child&rsquo;s development? The research focuses on analyzing the effects that the development gymnastics program with additional exercises assisted by parents have on muscular asymmetry, morphological characteristics, and the coordination of preschool children. The general aim of the study is to determine the efficiency of the development gymnastics program with additional exercises, assisted by parents, on the muscular disbalances, morphological characteristics and the coordination of preschool children. The sample was formed within a population of preschool children. The sample included 176 children aged between 5 and 7. The sample was divided into three subsamples: the experimental group, the experimental group with additional exercises assisted by parents and a control group from Subotica. Motoric coordination was estimated using the KTK battery of tests (K&ouml;rperkoordinationtest f&uuml;r Kinder&ldquo;) which is a highly reliable, standardized motoric test. The Contemplas (Professional motion analysis software) 3D kinematic analysis in the static regime was used for muscular asymmetry variables while the morphological variables included body height, body weight and body mass index. After the experimental treatment, statistically significant differences were noted in the variables of motoric coordination, in terms of positive effects in 3 out of 6 variables. From the perspective of muscular asymmetry, it is noted that the experimental treatment (although statistically insignificant) caused certain improvements in terms of reducing the level of deviation in variables of the spinal column in the sagittal plane while there was no statistically significant effect of the treatment when observing the whole system of variables in terms of deviation of the spinal column in the frontal plane. The experimental treatment has also had a positive contribution to the morphological space.

Primena biomarkera ćelijske energetike, uključujući indikatore metabolizma kreatina u krvi, je relativno novijeg datuma, gde se ovi indikatori koriste kao mogući pokazatelji stanja organizma pri maksimalno intenzivnim fizičkim aktivnostima. Cilj istraživanja je obuhvatao utvrđivanje efekata pojedinačnih epizoda aerobnog i anaerobnog vežbanja maksimalnog intenziteta na biomarkere perifernog zamora i ćelijske bioenergetike kod mladih mu&scaron;karaca i žena. Istraživanje je dizajnirano tako da obuhvati populaciju fizički aktivnih mu&scaron;karaca i žena, kao i populaciju aktivnih sportista. U prvom eksperimentalnom tretmanu fizički aktivni ispitanici mu&scaron;kog (n =12) i ženskog pola (n = 11) podvrgnuti su test protokolima aerobnog i anaerobnog opterećenja maksimalnog intenzivnog i kratkog trajanja. Tokom aerobnog test protokola ispitanici su trčali do maksimalnog voljnog otkaza na tredmil traci sa progresivnim povećanjem opterećenja. Pri anaerobnom test protokolu ispitanici su izvr&scaron;ili testiranje snažne izdržljivosti gornjih ekstremiteta do otkaza potiskom sa ravne klupe, uz opterećenje od 25% od njihove telesne težine. Drugi eksperimentalni tretman je sačinjen iz pre-eksperimentalnog testiranja kardiorespiratorne forme i eksperimentalne protokol sesije trčanja do maksimalnog voljnog otkaza na pokretnoj traci, pri konstantnoj individualnoj brzina trčanja na anaerobnom pragu. U ovom eksperimentalnom tretmanu bila je uključena populacija aktivnih sportista&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (n = 10). Pre, tokom i nakon eksperimentalnih sesija praćena je koncentracija različitih biohemijskih i hematolo&scaron;kih markera: guanidinosirćetna kiselina (GAA); kreatin (Cr); kreatinin (Crn); laktat (Lac); interleukin-6 (IL-6); kreatin kinaza (CK); kortizol (Cor). Rezultati prvog eksperimentalnog tretmana su utvrdili statistički značajne promene u koncentraciji GAA, Cr i Crn u ktvi pre i nakon pojedinačne epizode aerobnog i anaerobnog vežbanja maksimalnim intenzitetom. Utvrđena je i statistički značajna povezanost između vežbanjem-indukovanih promena u cirkulatornim vrednostima GAA, Cr, Crn za vreme pre, tokom i nakon drugog eksperimentalnog tretmana. Uočena je statistički značajna povezanost između promena koncentracije GAA, Cr, Crn u serumu sa tradicionalnim biomarkerima perifernog zamora (IL6, Cor, Lac, CK). Dobijeni rezultati ukazuju na mogućnost primene biomarkera metabolizma kreatina u krvi prilikom praćenja i evaluacije stanja organizma tokom maksimalnih intenzivnih fizičkih aktivnosti kod mladih mu&scaron;karaca i žena.<br>The use of biomarkers of cellular bioenergetics in exercise science appears more prevalent in recent years, where these outcomes perhaps describe changes in creatine metabolism during strenuous exercise. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of individual episodes of strenuous aerobic and anaerobic exercise on several biomarkers of peripheral fatigue and cellular bioenergetics in young men and women. The study recruited physically active men and women, and active athletes. In the first experiment, physically active men (n = 12) and women (n = 11) were subjected to strenuous aerobic and anaerobic exercise. During the aerobic test, subjects ran to exhaustion while during the anaerobic test, subjects performed repetitive bench press exercise. The second experimental treatment consisted of a pre-experimental testing of cardiorespiratory fitness, and an experimental protocol of a strenuous running session to exhaustion at constant individual running speed at the anaerobic threshold; active athletes (n = 10) were included in this experimental treatment. The blood levels of various biochemical and hematological markers were monitored before, during and after the experimental sessions, including guanidinoacetic acid (GAA); creatine (Cr); creatinine (Crn); lactate (Lac); interleukin-6 (IL-6); creatine kinase (CK); cortisol (Cor), and plethora of other physiological outcomes. We found statistically significant changes in serum GAA, Cr and Crn before and after a single session of strenuous aerobic and anaerobic exercise. A significant correlation was found between exercise-induced changes in serum GAA, Cr and Crn before, during and after the second experimental intervention. A statistically significant association was observed between changes in serum GAA, Cr, Crn and traditional biomarkers of peripheral fatigue (IL6, Cor, Lac, CK). The results of the present study suggest that biomarkers of creatine metabolism might be used as innovative tools in monitoring strenuous exercise in young men and women.

Istraživanja o primeni molekularnog vodonika prilično su nova, međutim dosada&scaron;nja naučna otkrića smatraju molekularni vodonik za važan agens u biomedicini, a sa saznanjem o njegovoj biolo&scaron;koj raspoloživosti i terapeutskom potencijalu u poslednjih deset godina, primetan je porast upotrebe vodonika u preventivne i terapijske svrhe. Proces starenja često prate metabolički poremećaji, gojaznost, opadanje kvaliteta života i kognitivne funkcije. Molekularni vodonik (H2) efikasno re&scaron;ava poremećaje povezane s metaboličkim poremećajima i kognitivnim funkcionisanjem na primerima dosada&scaron;njih istraživanja. U cilju procene efekata primene molekularnog vodonika na telesnu kompoziciju, metabolički profil i kvalitet života kod odraslih starijih žena, sprovedena su dva eksperimenta. U prvom eksperimentalnom postupku ispitivani su efekti primene putem oralnog uno&scaron;enja rastvora vode obogaćene molekularnim vodonikom (HRW) u trajanju od 28 dana. Prvo eksperimentalno istraživanje sprovedeno je na uzorku ispitanica ženskog pola srednjeg starosnog doba i prekomerne telesne težine (n = 10), koje su nasumice uzimale vodu obogaćenu molekularnim vodonikom i placebo. Analizirani su efekti primene HRW na indikatore telesne kompozicije, hormonalnog statusa, mitohondrijalne funkcije, kvalitet života, navike u ishrani, nivou fizičke aktivnosti, te kardiorespiratornim sposobnostima. Nakon primenjenog tretmana HRW do&scaron;lo je do statistički značajnih promena između posmatranih grupa ispitanica i smanjenja procenta telesnih masti i indeksa masti nadlaktice u korist grupe koja je uzimala H2 (P &lt; 0,05). Nakon primenjenog tretmana HRW do&scaron;lo je do statistički značajnog smanjenja u vrednostima triglicerida u serumu kod ispitanica H2 grupe u poređenju s placebo grupom (21,3% vs. 6,5%; P = 0,04), dok su ostali lipidi krvi ostali stabilni tokom ove studije (P &gt; 0,05). Nivoi serumskog insulina smanjeni su za 5,4%, dok je placebo intervencija uvećala odgovor insulina za 29,3% (P = 0,01). Do&scaron;lo je do statistički značajnih efekata kod H2 grupe u odnosu na placebo grupu u vrednostima maksimalne potro&scaron;nje kiseonika VO2 max (P &le; 0,03), ukupnog izvr&scaron;enog rada prilikom testiranja (P = 0,01), te ukupnog vremena trajanja testa opterećenja (P &le; 0,02). Na osnovu ovog istraživanja može se pretpostaviti da H2 može pozitivno uticati na telesnu strukturu i insulinsku rezistenciju i unapređenje kardiorespiratornih sposobnosti kod žena srednje starosne dobi, prekomerne telesne težine. Drugi eksperimentalni postupak odnosio se na primenu molekularnog vodonika H2 putem inhalacije svaki dan, po 15 minuta u trajanju od 28 dana. Analizirani su efekti primene H2 na telesnu kompoziciju, kognitivne performanse i kvalitet života povezan sa zdravljem žena (n = 13) starijeg starosnog doba. Inhalacija je sprovedena upotrebom inhalatora koji generi&scaron;e 4% H2. Kognitivna funkcija učesnica ocenjena je pomoću kognitivne skale MMSE i skale za procenu Alchajmerove bolesti (ADAS-Cog). Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata nakon intervencije H2 do&scaron;lo je do statistički značajnog povećanja ukupnih rezultata u vrednostima upitnika MMSE (za 13,7%; P &lt; 0,01). Osim toga, primetno je statistički značajno pobolj&scaron;anje vrednosti ADAS-Cog nakon inhalacije H2, s boljim performansama na testu za prisećanje reči (P &lt; 0,01) i pobolj&scaron;anju u testu prepoznavanja reči (P = 0,01). Dobijeni rezultati oba eksperimenta pokazuju da bi H2 mogao biti efikasan biomedicinski agens za upravljanje složenim stanjima nastalih starenjem, usled metaboličkih i kognitivnih poremaćaja, a u cilju unapređenja kvaliteta života.<br>Research conducted on molecular hydrogen application are rather new, however the latest scientific discoveries consider molecular hydrogen as a significant agent in biomedicine. Owing to the knowledge on its biological availability and terapeutic potential acquired during the last ten years, an increase in the application of molecular hydrogen (H2) for preventive and terapeutic reasons has been noticed. Aging process is most often accompanied by metabolic disorders, obesity, decline in the quality of life and cognitive functions. Molecular hydrogen (H2) is an efficient means for treating disorders related to metabolic disorders and cognitive functioning in compliance with research conducted so far. In order to assess the effects of molecular hydrogen application on body composition, metabolic profile and quality of life in adult elder women, two experiments were carried out. Within the first procedure, the effects of its application via oral consumption of hydrogen-rich water solution (HRW) were tested during 28 days. The first experimental research was conducted on the sample of middle-aged overweighted women (n = 10), who randomly consumed hydrogen-rich water and placebo. The effects of HRW application at indicators of body composition, hormonal status, mitochondrial functions, quality of life, eating habits, level of physical activity and cardiorespiratory capacities were analized. The treatment with HRW brought about statistically significant changes in female subjects as well as body fat percentage and upper-arm fat index reduction in women consuming H2 (P &lt; 0.05). The treatment with HRW also resulted in statistically significant reduction of triglyceride values in serum of women consuming H2 in comparison to the placebo group (21.3% vs. 6,5%; P = 0.04), while other blood lipids remained stable during this study (P &gt; 0.05). Levels of serum insulin were decreased to 5.4%, while placebo intervention increased the insulin level up to 29.3% (P = 0.01). This also resulted in statistically significant effects in H2 group in comparison to the placebo group when values of maximal oxygen consumption VO2 max (P &le; 0.03), total performance during testing (P = 0.01), and total duration of physical endurance test (P &le; 0.02) are concerned. On the grounds of this research, it might be assumed that H2 can have a positive impact on body structure and insulin resistance, as well as improvement of cardiorespiratory capacities in middle-aged overweighted women. The second experimental procedure referred to the application of molecular hydrogen H2 via inhalation on daily basis, 15 minutes per day over 28 days. The effects of molecular hydrogen application on body composition, cognitive performance and quality of life connected with health of elder women (n = 13) were analized. Inhalation was performed by using inhalator generating 4% of H2. The cognitive function of participants was graded by applying the cognitive MMSE scale, as well as the scale for Alzheimer&#39;s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-Cog). On the basis of results obtained&nbsp; upon H2 intervention, a statistically significant increase in total results referring to the values of MMSE test (up to 13.7%; P &lt; 0.01) was recorded. Apart from this, a significant improvement of ADAS-Cog values after H2 inhalation was observed, having better performances when testing word recall (P &lt; 0.01) and word recognition (P = 0.01). The findings of both experiments indicate that H2 might be an efficient biomedical agent for managing complex states caused by aging due to metabolic and cognitive disorders, when aiming at improving quality of life.

У раду су приказани резултати програмираног физичког вежбања са акцентом на покретне игре са циљем развоја моторичких способности, морфолошких карактеристика и усвајања почетних математичких појмова код деце првог разреда основне школе. Теоријске основе постављене су на основу Блумове таксономије и повезаности наставе физичког васпитања и математике у корелацијско-интеграцијском методичком систему. Резултати истраживања показују да постоји позитиван утицај програмираног физичког вежбања на варијабле моторичког и математичког простора и да постоје статистички значајне разлике између испитаника и испитаница експерименталне и контролне групе у наведеним просторима у корист експерименталне групе. На основу добијених резултата је добијена повезаност наставе физичког васпитања и математике односно потврђено је да се кроз садржаје физичког васпитања може утицати на усвајање почетних математичких појмова у првом разреду основне школе.<br>U radu su prikazani rezultati programiranog fizičkog vežbanja sa akcentom na pokretne igre sa ciljem razvoja motoričkih sposobnosti, morfoloških karakteristika i usvajanja početnih matematičkih pojmova kod dece prvog razreda osnovne škole. Teorijske osnove postavljene su na osnovu Blumove taksonomije i povezanosti nastave fizičkog vaspitanja i matematike u korelacijsko-integracijskom metodičkom sistemu. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da postoji pozitivan uticaj programiranog fizičkog vežbanja na varijable motoričkog i matematičkog prostora i da postoje statistički značajne razlike između ispitanika i ispitanica eksperimentalne i kontrolne grupe u navedenim prostorima u korist eksperimentalne grupe. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata je dobijena povezanost nastave fizičkog vaspitanja i matematike odnosno potvrđeno je da se kroz sadržaje fizičkog vaspitanja može uticati na usvajanje početnih matematičkih pojmova u prvom razredu osnovne škole.

Istraživanje je sprovedeno sa ciljem da se primenom eksperimentalne metode naučno utvrdi da li dodatni &scaron;estomesečni program figičkog vežbanja u redovnim uslovima rada pred&scaron;kolske ustanove može regultirati gnačajnim promenama u morfolo&scaron;kim karakteristikama i motoričkim sposobnostima kod dece pred&scaron;kolskog ugrasta prosečne starosti 6,21&plusmn;0,56 decimalnih godina. Obuhvaćeno je ukupno 211 dece od toga devojčica (n=103) i dečaka (n=108) koji su na početku istraživanja (01. septembar 2014. godine) bili polaznici pred&scaron;kolskih grupa u Pred&scaron;kolskoj ustanovi &quot;Čukarica&quot; u Beogradu. Prema kriterijumu primene &scaron;estomesečnog figičkog vežbanja ispitanici su bili podeljeni u tri homogene grupe i to: eksperimentalnu (E) koju je činilo 36 dečaka i 28 devojčica, prvu kontrolnu (K1) sastavljenu od 31 dečaka i 37 devojčica i drugu kontrolnu grupu (K2) sačinjenu od 41 dečaka i 38 devojčica. E grupa je imala dodatni koncept programa koji je bio gasnovan na sadržajima visoke složenosti, sproveden kao figičko vaspitanje, a usmeren na razvoj biotičkih motoričkih gnanja. K1 grupa je takoe imala dodatni ali diferenciran program, usmeren kao trenažne sekvence, ga dečake polistrukturalnoaciklične aktivnosti, a ga devojčice estetskokonvencione aktivnosti. Dok K2 grupa pored redovnih aktivnosti ig figičkog vaspitanja nije bila podvrgnuta nijednom obliku dodatnog figičkog vežbanja. Koristio se kvagi&ndash; eksperimentalni nacrta istraživanja, tačnije nacrt sa neekvivalentnim grupama i pretestposttestom. Ugorak morfolo&scaron;kih mernih instrumenata bio je sačinjen po redukovanom modelu (Viskić, 1972; Kurelić i sar., 1975) preuget ig istraživanja Bale (1980). Motorički&nbsp;merni instrumenti proiglage takoe ig redukovanog teoretskog modela (Kurelića i sar., 1975; Gredelja i sar., 1975) preuzetog iz istraživanja Bale i Popovića (2007). Rezultati istraživanja ukaguju da je program dodatnog figičkog vežbanja E grupe dao dobre regultate u redukciji potkožnog masnog tkiva i volumena i mase tela kod dece. Najbolje rezultate dao je u pogledu mehanizma za strukturiranje kretanja. Deca iz K1 grupe, takoe su redukovala potkožno masno tkivo i volumen i masu tela, ali u pogledu motoričkih sposobnosti nije bilo pomaka u mehanizmu za strukturiranje kretanja. Kod dece u K2 grupi do&scaron;lo je do povećanja potkožnog masnog tkiva, volumena i mase tela kao i pada pojedinih motoričkih sposobnosti. U sve tri grupe izolovana su dva hipotetska morfolo&scaron;ka faktora koje je bolje interpretirati kao jedan Faktor mekog tkiva, i dva motorička koji se mogu interpretirati kao Generalni motorički Paktor. Kvalitativne promene u strukturi oba ekstrahovana faktora uočene su samo u K1 grupi u motoričkom prostoru, &scaron;to je posledica diferenciranog programa figičkog vežbanja. Regultati su ukagali da redovan program figičkog vaspitanja u pred&scaron;kolskim ustanovama nije dovoljan za pripremnu pred&scaron;kolsku grupu, kao i da se dodatnim programiranim figičkim vežbanjem postižu bolji rezultati pogotovo ako je usmeren ka razvoju biotičkih motoričkih znanja.<br>The research was conducted with the aim of applying experimental methods scientifically determine whether an additional six-month program of physical exercise in normal conditions of preschool institution may result in significant changes in the morphological characteristics and motor abilities in preschool children with mean age 6.21 &plusmn; 0.56 decimal years. A total of 211 children from that of girls (n=103) and boys (n=108) who were in the moment of research (01. September 2014) participants were preschool groups in preschool institution &quot;Čukarica&quot; in Belgrade. According to the criteria of application of the six-month physical exercise participants were divided into three homogeneous groups: experimental (E) which consisted of 36 boys and 28 girls, the first control (K1) made up of 31 boys and 37 girls, and another control group (K2) as made of 41 boys and 38 girls. E group had additional program concept which was based on the contents of higher complexity, implemented as physical education, which is focused on the development of biotic motor skills. K1 group also had additional or differentiated program, focused as the training sequence, for boys extracurricular- acyclic activities, and for girls estheticconventional activities. While K2 group in addition to the regular activities of physical education was&nbsp;not subjected to any form of additional physical exercise. It was used a quasi-experimental research designs, namely The draft with unequivalent groups and pretest-posttest. Morphological sample of measuring instruments was made through a reduced model (Viskić, 1972; Kurelić et al., 1975), taken from the research (Bala 1980). The motor measuring instruments derived also from the reduced theoretical model (Kurelić et al., 1975; Gredelj et al., 1975), taken from the research (Bala, &amp; Popovic 2007). The research results indicate that the program is additional physical exercise group E gave good results in the reduction of subcutaneous fat volume and body mass in children. The best results in terms of mechanisms for structuring movements. Children from the K1 group, also reduce the subcutaneous adipose tissue and the volume and mass of the body, but in terms of motor skills were no developments in the mechanism for structuring movements. Children the K2 group there was an increase in subcutaneous adipose tissue volume and body mass as well as the decline of some motor skills. In all three groups were isolated two hypothetical morphological factors that is better interpreted as a Factor of soft tissue, and two motor that can be interpreted as General motor factor. Qualitative changes in the structure of the two extracted factors were observed only in the K1 group in the motor area, which is the result of a differentiated program of physical exercise. The results have shown that regular physical education curriculum in preschool institutions is insufficient for the preparatory preschool group, as well as to further programmed physical exercise leads to better results especially if it is directed at the development of biotic motor skills.

Gojaznost i fizička neaktivnost su među najznačajnijim faktorima rizika za hronične nezarazne bolesti, koje su vodeći javnozdravstveni problemi u svetu i kod nas. Cilj istraživanja je procena prevalencija gojaznosti, predgojaznosti i fizičke neaktivnosti u slobodno vreme kod odraslog stanovni&scaron;tva Vojvodine, kao i procena povezanosti demografskih, socio-ekonomskih i bihevioralnih faktora sa gojazno&scaron;ću i fizičkom neaktivno&scaron;ću u slobodno vreme. Istraživanje predstavlja deo Istraživanja zdravlja stanovni&scaron;tva Srbije iz 2013. godine koje je sprovedeno od strane Ministarstva zdravlja Republike Srbije, kao studija preseka na reprezentativnom stratifikovanom dvoetapnom uzorku. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 3337 osoba uzrasta 20 i vi&scaron;e godina sa prebivali&scaron;tem u Vojvodini. Instrument istraživanja su bili upitnici konstruisani u skladu sa upitnikom Evropskog istraživanja zdravlja, a podaci o telesnoj masi i telesnoj visini su dobijeni merenjem. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je u 2013. godini svaka četvrta odrasla osoba u Vojvodini bila gojazna, a svaka treća osoba predgojazna. U odnosu na 2000. godinu nije do&scaron;lo do značajnog povećanja prevalencija gojaznosti i predgojaznosti, mada su se prevalencije održale na visokom nivou. &Scaron;anse za gojaznost su rasle do 75-te godine života, a nakon toga opadaju. Najveću &scaron;ansu za gojaznost su imale osobe u braku ili vanbračnoj zajednici. Gojaznost je povezana sa socio-ekonomskim karakteristikama samo kod žena. Značajni prediktori gojaznosti kod žena su bili najniži nivo obrazovanja, lo&scaron; materijalni status i nezaposlenost/ekonomska neaktivnost. Biv&scaron;i pu&scaron;ači su imali oko dva puta veću &scaron;ansu za gojaznost u odnosu na pu&scaron;ače, dok je &scaron;ansa za gojaznost bila manja kod osoba koje su u poslednjih 12 meseci konzumirale alkohol. Fizička neaktivnost u slobodno vreme, kao i fizička neaktivnost u domenu transporta povećavaju verovatnoću za pojavu gojaznosti. Prevalencija fizičke neaktivnosti u slobodno vreme je bila veoma visoka (89%). &Scaron;anse za fizičku neaktivnost u slobodno vreme su se značajno povećavale sa staro&scaron;ću. Prediktori fizičke neaktivnosti su bili ženski pol, život u braku/vanbračnoj zajednici, nizak nivo obrazovanja i lo&scaron; materijalni status. Pu&scaron;ači su imali oko dva puta veću &scaron;ansu da budu fizički neaktivni u odnosu na nepu&scaron;ače, dok je stanovni&scaron;tvo koje je konzumiralo alkohol imalo manju &scaron;ansu da bude fizički neaktivno u slobodno vreme. Gojazne osobe, kao i fizički neaktivne osobe su lo&scaron;ije ocenjivale svoje zdravlje. Gojazne osobe (bez obzira na nivo fizičke aktivnosti) su imale oko 3,5 puta veću &scaron;ansu za pojavu multimorbiditeta u odnosu na osobe sa optimalnom telesnom masom koje su fizički aktivne u slobodno vreme. Gojazne osobe su imale četiri puta veću &scaron;ansu za arterijsku hipertenziju i skoro četiri puta veću &scaron;ansu za dijabetes u odnosu na normalno uhranjene osobe. Gojaznost i fizička neaktivnost u slobodno vreme su značajni javnozdravstveni problemi kod odraslog stanovni&scaron;tva u Vojvodini na &scaron;ta ukazuju visoke prevalencije, velika zastupljenost među vulnerabilnim kategorijama stanovni&scaron;tva, nejednakost u frekvenciji između različitih socio-ekonomskih kategorija stanovni&scaron;tva, preventabilnost, povezanost sa lo&scaron;ijom samoprocenom zdravlja i hroničnim bolestima.<br>Obesity and physical inactivity are one of the most significant risk factors for chronic noncommunicable diseases, which are one of the most important public health problems in the world and also in our country. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and leisure time physical inactivity among the adult population of Vojvodina, and also to evaluate the association of demographic, socio-economic and behavioral factors with obesity and leisure time physical inactivity. The study is part of the National Health Survey of Serbia, a cross-sectional study conducted in year 2013 by the Ministry of Health of Republic of Serbia on a representative stratified two-stage sample. The study included 3337 participants aged 20 and over who resided in Vojvodina. The instruments were questionnaires designed in line with the European Health Interview Survey questionnaire, and data on body mass and body height were measured. Results showed that in year 2013 every fourth adult person in Vojvodina was obese, and every third overweight. There was no increase in prevalences compared to year 2000, although they remained high. Odds of obesity increased until age 75, and afterwards decreased. The highest odds of obesity were among persons who were married or living with a partner. Obesity was associated with socio-economic factors only among women. The predictors of obesity among women were: low level of education, low wealth index and unemployment/economical inactivity. Former smokers had two times higher odds of obesity, compared to smokers, while persons who consumed alcohol in the last 12 months had lower odds to be obese. Leisure time physical inactivity, as well as transport related physical inactivity were important predictors of obesity. Prevalence of leisure time physical inactivity was very high (89%). With increasing age, odds of physical inactivity increased. Predictors of physical inactivity were female gender, being married or living with a partner, low level of education and low wealth index. Smokers had two times higher odds of physical inactivity in comparison to nonsmokers, while persons who consumed alcohol in the last 12 months had lower odds of physical inactivity. Obese and physically inactive persons were more likely to assess their health as average, poor or very poor. Obese persons (regardless of the level of physical activity) had three and a half times higher odds of multimorbidity compared to persons with healthy weight who were physically active. Obese persons had four times higher odds of arterial hypertension and almost four times higher odds of diabetes. Obesity and physical inactivity are important public health problems among the adult population in Vojvodina due to high prevalences in population, especially among vulnerable groups, inequality in frequency among different socio-economic groups, preventability and association with poor health perception and chronic diseases.

Uvod: Individualno kreiran program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije, mogao bi da doprinese boljem oporavku pacijenata sa hroničnim bolom u donjem delu leđa. Program vežbi u lečenju hroničnog lumbalnog bola je prilično raznolik, ali je dokazano da su vežbe stabilizacije najefikasnije, posebno vežbe u zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu. Cilj: je bio da se uporedi program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije u otvorenom i zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu, u odnosu na program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije u zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu kao i da se proceni klinička efikasnost oba programa vežbi. Metode: Istraživanje je sprovedeno kao prospektivna, eksperimentalna studija na 80 ispitanika oba pola (35 mu&scaron;karaca, 45 žena), prosečne životne dobi (48.45+/- 10.22 godina) sa hroničnim lumbalnim bolom. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na Klinici za rehabilitaciju &bdquo;dr Miroslav Zotović&ldquo; u Beogradu u periodu od juna 2017. do marta 2018. godine. Ispitanici su podeljeni u dve grupe od 40 pacijenata. Prva grupa ispitanika je sprovodila program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije u zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu (LSTMZ), a druga program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije u zatvorenom i otvorenom kinetičkom lancu (LSZO). Pored op&scaron;tih demografskih, antropometrijskih podataka o ispitanicima, kori&scaron;ćeni su sledeći upitnici i testovi: za procenu intenziteta bola u leđima i donjim ekstremitetima- vizuelna analogna skala (VAS), za procenu neuropatske komponente bola- DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions), za procenu funkcionalnog statusa kori&scaron;ćen je Osvestrijev upitnik o onesposobljenosti (ODI), procena sagitalne pokretljivosti lumbosakralne kičme Schober testom, procena mi&scaron;ićne snage - manuelnim mi&scaron;ićnom testom; Ispitivanje senzitivnosti na ključnim senzornim tačkama za dermatome je vr&scaron;eno prema ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) skali, testom istezanja ishiadičnog (Lazarevićev) i femoralnog nerva ispitivano je prisustvo kompresije nervnih korenova, za procenu stabilnosti lumbosakralne kičme- je kori&scaron;ćen test nestabilnosti u proniranom položaju (Prone Instability test). Ispitanici su ergonomski edukovani, sprovedena je transkutana elektro-nervna stimulacija (TENS) i primenjivana je laseroterapija male snage. Pacijentima je određena osmonedeljna kineziterapija koja je obuhvatala vežbe za jačanje dubokih stabilizatora lumbalne kičme. Retestiranje je rađeno nakon 4 i 8 nedelja. Rezultati: Kod obe grupe ispitanika u svim intervalima merenja je nađena visoka statistički značajna (p&lt; 0,001) redukcija intenziteta bola prema VAS skali za lumbalnu kičmu i donje ekstremitete,&nbsp;&nbsp; pobolj&scaron;anje funkcionalnog statusa (Oswestry) i sagitalne pokretljivosti (Schober). Statistički značajan (p&lt;0,05) oporavak ispitanika grupe 1 u odnosu na grupu 2, ostvaren je u svim intervalima merenja kod parametara: Intenzitet bola (VAS LS i VAS za nogu), stepen onesposobljenosti (ODI),vrednost motornog skora za trup merenog ASIA skalom i vrednost neuropatske komponente bola (DN4). Statistički značajan (p&lt; 0,05) oporavak ispitanika u grupi 2 u odnosu na grupu 1, ostvaren je posle 8 nedelja kod parametra za procenu vrednosti&nbsp; senzornog skora dodir prema ASIA skali. Utvrđeno je da veće početne vrednosti intenziteta bola prema skalama Vas ls i Vas za nogu i stepena onesposobljenosti prema ODI, negativno utiču na krajnji ishod ovih parametara kod pacijenata sa HLB-om u obe grupe (p&lt;0,05). Pacijenti sa pozitivnom neuropatskom komponentom bola imaju lo&scaron;iji ishod lečenja HLB-a vežbama stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije (p&lt;0,05). Zaključci: Pacijenti koji su radili program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije i torakalne mobilizacije u zatvorenom kinetičkom lancu su imali bolji funkcionalni oporavak i značajniju redukciju intenziteta bola u odnosu na ispitanike koji su radili program vežbi lumbalne stabilizacije u zatvorenom i otvorenom kinetičkom lancu.<br>Introduction: An individual program of lumbar stabilization exercises could contribute to a better recovery of patients with chronic lower back pain. The exercise program in the treatment of chronic lumbar pain is quite diverse, but it has been proven that stabilization exercises are most effective, especially in a closed kinetic chain. Objective: was to compare the program of lumbar stabilization exercises in the open and closed kinetic chain, in relation to the program of lumbar stabilization exercises and thoracic mobilization in a closed kinetic chain, and to evaluate the clinical efficacy of both exercise programs. Methods: The study was conducted as a prospective, experimental study of 80 subjects of both sexes (35 men, 45 women), average life expectancy (48.45 +/- 10.22 years) with chronic lumbar pain. The research was conducted at the Rehabilitation Clinic &quot;Dr. Miroslav Zotović&quot; in Belgrade in the period from June 2017 to March 2018. Respondents were divided into two groups of 40 patients. The first group of respondents carried out a lumbar stabilization and thoracic mobilization program in a closed kinetic chain (LSTMZ) and the second, program of lumbar stabilization exercises in closed and open kinetic chain (LSZO). In addition to general demographic, anthropometric data on respondents, the following questionnaires and tests were used: for assessing the intensity of back pain and lower extremities - visual analogue scale (VAS), for assessing the neuropathic pain component DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions),&nbsp; for functional status assessment was used Oswestry disability index (ODI), for assessment of sagittal mobility of the lumbosacral spine- Schober test, muscular strength assessment - manual muscle test; Sensitivity testing at key sensory points for dermatomas was performed according to the ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) scale, stretching test of the ishiadic (Lazarević) and femoral nerves was udes for detection of nerve root irritation, and the Prone Instability test was used to assess the stability of the lumbosacral spine. Respondents were ergonomically educated, transcutaneous electrical-nerve stimulation (TENS) and low-power laser therapy were performed. Patients were given an eight-week kinesiotherapy that included exercises to strengthen the deep lumbar spine stabilizers. Retesting was done after 4 and 8 weeks. Results: In both groups of subjects, high statistically significant (p &lt;0.001) reduction of pain intensity to VAS scale for lumbar spine and for the leg, functional disability (Oswestry) sagital mobility of lumbar spine (Schober) improvement were found at all measurement intervals. The statistically significant (p &lt;0.05) recovery of group 1 subjects compared to group 2 was achieved at all measurement intervals in the parameters: Pain intensity (VAS LS and VAS for the leg), degree of disability (ODI), motor score value for the trunk measured by the ASIA scale and the value of the neuropathic pain component (DN4). Statistically significant (p &lt;0.05) recovery of group 2 subjects compared to group 2 was achieved after 8 weeks with the parameter for assessing the sensory touch score value to the ASIA scale. It has been found that higher initial pain intensity values to VAS ls and VAS for leg and degree of disability to ODI, negatively affect the final outcome of these parameters in patients with chronic low back pain in both groups of subject (p&lt;0,05). Patients with a positive neuropathic pain component have a lower outcome of chronic low back pain treatment with lumbar stabilization and thoracic mobilization exercises (p&lt;0,05). Conclusions: Patients who performed lumbar stabilization and thoracic mobilization exercises program in a closed kinetic chain had better functional recovery and a significant reduction in pain intensity compared to respondents who performed a lumbar stabilization program in a closed and open kinetic chain.

U cilju utvrđivanja efekata procene specifičnog programa vežbanjana motoričke sposobnosti i antropometrijske karakteristike dece pred&scaron;kolskog uzrasta, primenjene subaterija od 7 motoričkih testova i osam antropometrijskih mera. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 191pred&scaron;kolca (90 u eksperimentalnim i 101 u kontrolnim grupama), uzrasta od 4 do 5 godina. Oni su bili ispitanici u tri projekta koje je realizovao Fakultet sporta i fizičkog vaspitanja Novi Sad, u periodu od deset godina. Dobijeni podaci su analizirani multivarijacionom analizom kovarijanse (MANCOVA). Moglo se zaključiti da je primena eksperimentalnog programa vežbanja dovela do značajnog pobolj&scaron;anja pojedinih motoričkih sposobnosti eksperimentalnih grupa u odnosu na kontrolne grupe. U prostoru antropometrije nije pokazana statistički značajna razlika između grupa u posmatrane tri vremenske tačke u periodu od deset godina. Ova doktorska disertacija je pokazala na pozitivne efekte na transformaciju pojedinih dimenzija antropolo&scaron;kog statusa u različitim vremenskim tačkama i sa različitim generacijama dece, bez obzira na socio-ekonomskog statusa nivo fizičke aktivnosti dece. U osnovi, praktična vrednost ovog rada je analizirani model kineziolo&scaron;kih aktivnosti, koji se može primeniti u svim klubovima i &scaron;kolama koje rade sa decom pred&scaron;kolskog i ranog &scaron;kolskog uzrasta.<br>In order to determine the evaluation effects of specific exercise program on motor abilities and anthropometric characteristicsof preschool children, a battery of 7 motor tests and eightanthropometric measures were applied.The current study was conducted on a sample of 191preschoolers (90 in the experimental and 101 in the control groups), aged 4 to 5 five. They were the respondents in three projects implemented by the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education Novi Sad, in the tenyear period. The obtained data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). It can be concluded that the application of experimental and control models of exercise resulted in substantial improvement of certain motor skills in the experimental group compared to the control group. In the space of anthropometry it was not statistically significant difference between groups in the observed three time points in the ten-year period.This doctoral thesis revealed that positive effects of the transformation of certain dimensions&nbsp; anthropological statusat different time points and with different generations of children, regardless of socioeconomic status, level of physical activity of children. In fact, the practical value of this work is to analyze the model of kinetic activities, which as such can be applied to all clubs and schools that work with children of preschool and early school age.

Generalni cilj ovog istraživanja je da se utvrdi da li postoji uticaj primenjenogprograma vežbanja na parametre ko&scaron;tane gustine i biohemijske markere ko&scaron;tanogremodelovanja kod žena u periodu premenopauze i postmenopauze.Uzorak ispitanica je činilo 26 žena starosti 45 do 55 godina, od kojih su 13 u periodupremenopauze, a 13 u periodu postmenopauze. Ispitanice su učestvovale u programu vežbanjau trajanju od 6 meseci, koji se realizovao u Novom Sadu, 4 puta nedeljno u trajanju od satvremena. Za utvrđivanje uticaja programa vežbanja na ko&scaron;tanu gustinu merena su 3osteodenzitometrijska parametra na kičmi, vratu butne kosti i kuku i 5 parametarabiohemijskih markera ko&scaron;tanog remodelovanja.Da bi se utvrdio uticaj vežbanja kod ispitanica, primenjena je multivarijatna analizevarijanse (MANOVA). Na celokupnom uzorku ispitanica nije utvrđena statistički značajnarazlika ni u jednom merenom parametru ko&scaron;tane gustine. U odnosu na biohemijske markere,do&scaron;lo je do značajnog smanjenja nivoa ukupne alkalne fosfataze. Kod žena u periodupremenopauze i kod žena u periodu postmenopauze, program vežbanja nije značajno uticaona parametre ko&scaron;tane gustine merene na kičmi, vratu butne kosti i kuku (DXA, LunarProdrigy), kao ni na parametre biohemijskih markera ko&scaron;tanog remodelovanja.Primenom multivarijatne analize kovarijanse (MANCOVA) utvrđena je značajnarazlika u uticaju programa vežbanja između žena u pre- i postmenopauzi u mineralnojko&scaron;tanoj gustini vrata butne kosti (BMD VF) i markera beta-crosslaps (CTX). Mineralnako&scaron;tana gustina je nakon programa vežbanja veća, a nivo beta-crosslapsa niži kod žena upremenopauzi nego kod žena u periodu postmenopauze.Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata, zaključujemo da je potreban duži vremenski periodrealizacije programa vežbanja kako bi se mogla primetiti statistički značajna promenamerenih parametara. Ispitanicama se savetuje da nastave sa vežbanjem kako bi usporilegubitak kosti<br>The genaral aim of this research is to determine is there an effects of the applied exerciseprogram on bone mineral density and and biochemical markers of bone turnover in thepremenopausal and postmenopausal period.The sample was consisted of 26 women aged 45 to 55 years, of which 13 were inpremenopausal and 13 in postmenopausal period. Subjects were included (had performing) in 6-monthexercise program, which was implemented (maintained) in Novi Sad, 4 times a week in duration for anhour. Three osteodensitometric parameters on lumbar spine, femoral neck and hip (DXA, LunarProdrigy) and five parameters of biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured to assessed(to determine) the effects of exercise program on bone density.Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine the effect of exercise.For the entire sample of subjects, there were no statistically significant difference in any measuredbone density parameter, but looking at biochemical markers, total alkaline phosphatase level weresignificanly reduced. There were no significant changes in bone density parameters on the lumbarspine, femoral neck and hip nor on the parameters of biochemical markers of bone turnover in womenin premenopausal and postmenopausal period.Applying multivariate analyse of covariance it was found a significant difference in theexercise program effect between pre- and postmenopausal women in bone mineral density of femoralneck (BMD VF) and beta-crosslaps marker of turnover (CTX). Femoral neck BMD was higher, andbeta-crosslaps level was lower in premenopausal women than in postmenopausal women aftercompletion exercise program.Based on obtained results, we conclude that is required a longer perod of exercise programralization in order to notice a statistically significant change in measured parameters. Subjects areadvised to continue their exercising in order to slow down the bone loss