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Journal articles on the topic 'VFE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Whiley, Harriet, Thilini Piushani Keerthirathne, Muhammad Atif Nisar, Mae A. F. White, and Kirstin E. Ross. "Viral Filtration Efficiency of Fabric Masks Compared with Surgical and N95 Masks." Pathogens 9, no. 9 (September 17, 2020): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9090762.

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In response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, current modeling supports the use of masks in community settings to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. However, concerns have been raised regarding the global shortage of medical grade masks and the limited evidence on the efficacy of fabric masks. This study used a standard mask testing method (ASTM F2101-14) and a model virus (bacteriophage MS2) to test the viral filtration efficiency (VFE) of fabric masks compared with commercially available disposable, surgical, and N95 masks. Five different types of fabric masks were purchased from the ecommerce website Etsy to represent a range of different fabric mask designs and materials currently available. One mask included a pocket for a filter; which was tested without a filter, with a dried baby wipe, and a section of a vacuum cleaner bag. A sixth fabric mask was also made according to the Victorian Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) guidelines (Australia). Three masks of each type were tested. This study found that all the fabric masks had a VFE of at least 50% when tested against aerosols with an average size of 6.0 µm (VFE(6.0 µm)). The minimum VFE of fabric masks improved (to 63%) when the larger aerosols were excluded to give and average aerosol size of 2.6 µm (VFE(2.6 µm)), which better represents inhaled aerosols that can reach the lower respiratory system. The best performing fabric masks were the cotton mask with a section of vacuum cleaner bag (VFE(6.0 µm) = 99.5%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 98.8%) or a dried baby wipe (VFE(6.0 µm) = 98.5%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 97.6%) in the pocket designed for a disposable filter, the mask made using the Victorian DHHS design (VFE(6.0 µm) = 98.6%, VFE(2.6 µm) =99.1%) and one made from a layer of 100% hemp, a layer of poly membrane, and a layer of cheesecloth (VFE(6.0 µm) = 93.6%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 89.0%). The VFE of two surgical masks (VFE(6.0 µm) = 99.9% and 99.6%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 99.5% and 98.5%) and a N95 masks (VFE(6.0 µm) = 99.9%, VFE(2.6 µm) = 99.3%) were comparable to their advertised bacterial filtration efficacy. This research supports the use of fabric masks in the community to prevent the spread of SARS-CoV-2; however, future research is needed to explore the optimum design in ensuring proper fit. There is also a need for mass education campaigns to disseminate this information, along with guidelines around the proper usage and washing of fabric masks.

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2

Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, and Christa Winkler Metzke. "Der Verhaltensfragebogen bei Entwicklungsstörungen (VFE)." Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 34, no. 4 (October 2005): 266–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.34.4.266.

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Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Im deutschsprachigen Bereich besteht ein signifikantes Defizit an Verhaltensfragebögen zur Diagnostik bei Kindern mit schweren Entwicklungsstörungen, speziell geistiger Behinderung. Fragestellung: Die aus Australien stammende Developmental Behaviour Checklist (DBC) ist ein in der Verhaltensdiagnostik bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit schweren Entwicklungsstörungen international breit eingesetzter Fragebogen zur Erfassung von Problemen des Verhaltens und der Emotionen. Die DBC wurde als Verhaltensfragebogen bei Entwicklungsstörungen (VFE) übersetzt und anhand der Daten einer umfangreiche Stichprobe von N = 721 Kindern und Jugendlichen mit geistiger Behinderung in Deutschland hinsichtlich ihrer psychometrischen Eigenschaften überprüft. Methode: Die psychometrischen Analysen umfassten verschiedene Analysen zur Validität und Reliabilität. Für die Normierung wurden Effekte von Alter, Geschlecht und Behinderungsgrad überprüft. Ergebnisse: Die fünf Faktoren der DBC konnten für den VFE repliziert werden. Neben der faktoriellen konnte auch die diskriminante und die kriteriumsbezogene Validität nachgewiesen werden. Die internen Konsistenzen waren für vier der fünf Subskalen gut bis sehr gut. Die Retest-Reliablität war nach einem beträchtlichen Intervall von 1.8 Jahren sehr hoch. Die Normierung berücksichtigt den Grad der Behinderung. Schlussfolgerungen: Mit der VFE in Übersetzung der DBC liegt ein sorgfältig konstruiertes Verhaltensinventar für Kinder und Jugendliche mit schweren Entwicklungsstörungen vor, das angemessene psychometrische Kennwerte aufweist und über deutsche Normwerte verfügt.

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3

Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph, and Christa Winkler Metzke. "Der Verhaltensfragebogen bei Entwicklungsstörungen im Erwachsenenalter (VFE-ER)." Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 40, no. 3 (July 2011): 160–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000094.

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Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Für den Verhaltensfragebogen bei Entwicklungsstörungen (VFE) zur Erfassung von Problemen des Verhaltens und der Emotionen bei Geistiger Behinderung fehlte für die Version im Erwachsenenalter (VFE-ER) bisher noch eine deutsche Normierung. Fragestellung: Überprüfung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften und Normierung des Fragebogens. Methode: Analysen zur Reliabilität und Validität und Normierung anhand der Daten einer Stichprobe von N = 743 Erwachsenen mit Geistiger Behinderung. Ergebnisse: Die bereits für die Kinderversion identifizierten fünf Faktoren der DBC konnten auch für den VFE-ER repliziert werden. Die Validität wurde nachgewiesen und die internen Konsistenzen der fünf Skalen waren gut bis sehr gut. Die Normierung berücksichtigt den Grad der Behinderung. Schlussfolgerungen: Mit dem VFE-ER liegt nun auch für Erwachsene mit Geistiger Behinderung ein sorgfältig konstruiertes und praxistaugliches Verhaltensinventar vor.

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4

Furukawa, Reina, Aki Taguchi, and Osamu Shiromoto. "Efficacy of a VFE Shortened Version." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 62, no. 2 (2021): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.62.108.

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5

Guzman, Marco, Vrushali Angadi, Daniel Croake, Christopher Catalan, Constanza Romero, Gabriela Acuña, Camilo Quezada, Richard Andreatta, and Joseph Stemple. "Does a Systematic Vocal Exercise Program Enhance the Physiologic Range of Voice Production in Classical Singing Graduate-Level Students?" Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 63, no. 4 (April 27, 2020): 1044–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_jslhr-19-00362.

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Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of vocal function exercises (VFEs) on the physiologic range of the operatic voice. The primary outcome measure was total voice range profile (VRP) area. Method Forty graduate-level opera majors were randomly assigned to experimental (training with VFE + vocal hygiene) and control (vocal hygiene only) groups. All participants underwent an acoustic voice assessment (modified VRP) pre and post 10 weeks of the assigned intervention. VRP total area was calculated and compared between and within the two groups. The total VRP area was subsequently divided into three area thirds (low, medium, and high). Results A significant improvement (increase) was observed in the VFE group for the primary outcome measure of VRP area when pre- and postvoice conditions were compared for total area, upper third, and middle third. No significant improvement was found in the vocal hygiene–only group. Conclusion Vocal training with VFEs over a 10-week period demonstrated positive effects on physiologic voice range as evidenced by an increase in the total VRP area and therefore may enhance the potential of those who already have professional voice training.

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Kapsner-Smith, Mara R., Eric J. Hunter, Kimberly Kirkham, Karin Cox, and Ingo R. Titze. "A Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Semi-Occluded Vocal Tract Voice Therapy Protocols." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 58, no. 3 (June 2015): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-s-13-0231.

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PurposeAlthough there is a long history of use of semi-occluded vocal tract gestures in voice therapy, including phonation through thin tubes or straws, the efficacy of phonation through tubes has not been established. This study compares results from a therapy program on the basis of phonation through a flow-resistant tube (FRT) with Vocal Function Exercises (VFE), an established set of exercises that utilize oral semi-occlusions.MethodTwenty subjects (16 women, 4 men) with dysphonia and/or vocal fatigue were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment conditions: (a) immediate FRT therapy, (b) immediate VFE therapy, (c) delayed FRT therapy, or (d) delayed VFE therapy. Subjects receiving delayed therapy served as a no-treatment control group.ResultsVoice Handicap Index (Jacobson et al., 1997) scores showed significant improvement for both treatment groups relative to the no-treatment group. Comparison of the effect sizes suggests FRT therapy is noninferior to VFE in terms of reduction in Voice Handicap Index scores. Significant reductions in Roughness on the Consensus Auditory-Perceptual Evaluation of Voice (Kempster, Gerratt, Verdolini Abbott, Barkmeier-Kraemer, & Hillman, 2009) were found for the FRT subjects, with no other significant voice quality findings.ConclusionsVFE and FRT therapy may improve voice quality of life in some individuals with dysphonia. FRT therapy was noninferior to VFE in improving voice quality of life in this study.

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7

Anand, Shashwat, Ramya Gurunathan, Thomas Soldi, Leah Borgsmiller, Rachel Orenstein, and G. Jeffrey Snyder. "Thermoelectric transport of semiconductor full-Heusler VFe2Al." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 8, no. 30 (2020): 10174–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0tc02659j.

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Seebeck coefficient of VFe₂Al over a wide range of doping levels can be explained only with a small band-gap (E_g) range of 0.02–0.04 eV. This E_g value is also consistent with high-temperature resistivity data of nominally stoichiometric VFe₂Al.

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8

Şenöz, İsmail, Thijs van de Laar, Dmitry Bagaev, and Bert de de Vries. "Variational Message Passing and Local Constraint Manipulation in Factor Graphs." Entropy 23, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23070807.

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Accurate evaluation of Bayesian model evidence for a given data set is a fundamental problem in model development. Since evidence evaluations are usually intractable, in practice variational free energy (VFE) minimization provides an attractive alternative, as the VFE is an upper bound on negative model log-evidence (NLE). In order to improve tractability of the VFE, it is common to manipulate the constraints in the search space for the posterior distribution of the latent variables. Unfortunately, constraint manipulation may also lead to a less accurate estimate of the NLE. Thus, constraint manipulation implies an engineering trade-off between tractability and accuracy of model evidence estimation. In this paper, we develop a unifying account of constraint manipulation for variational inference in models that can be represented by a (Forney-style) factor graph, for which we identify the Bethe Free Energy as an approximation to the VFE. We derive well-known message passing algorithms from first principles, as the result of minimizing the constrained Bethe Free Energy (BFE). The proposed method supports evaluation of the BFE in factor graphs for model scoring and development of new message passing-based inference algorithms that potentially improve evidence estimation accuracy.

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Xu, Zhongfeng, Ying Han, and Congbin Fu. "Multivariable integrated evaluation of model performance with the vector field evaluation diagram." Geoscientific Model Development 10, no. 10 (October 23, 2017): 3805–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-10-3805-2017.

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Abstract. This paper develops a multivariable integrated evaluation (MVIE) method to measure the overall performance of climate model in simulating multiple fields. The general idea of MVIE is to group various scalar fields into a vector field and compare the constructed vector field against the observed one using the vector field evaluation (VFE) diagram. The VFE diagram was devised based on the cosine relationship between three statistical quantities: root mean square length (RMSL) of a vector field, vector field similarity coefficient, and root mean square vector deviation (RMSVD). The three statistical quantities can reasonably represent the corresponding statistics between two multidimensional vector fields. Therefore, one can summarize the three statistics of multiple scalar fields using the VFE diagram and facilitate the intercomparison of model performance. The VFE diagram can illustrate how much the overall root mean square deviation of various fields is attributable to the differences in the root mean square value and how much is due to the poor pattern similarity. The MVIE method can be flexibly applied to full fields (including both the mean and anomaly) or anomaly fields depending on the application. We also propose a multivariable integrated evaluation index (MIEI) which takes the amplitude and pattern similarity of multiple scalar fields into account. The MIEI is expected to provide a more accurate evaluation of model performance in simulating multiple fields. The MIEI, VFE diagram, and commonly used statistical metrics for individual variables constitute a hierarchical evaluation methodology, which can provide a more comprehensive evaluation of model performance.

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10

Krampen, Günter. "Experimentelle Konstruktion eines Kurzfragebogens zur direkten Veränderungsmessung psychotherapeutischer Effekte im Befinden." Diagnostica 56, no. 4 (October 2010): 212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000024.

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Zusammenfassung. Befunde aus zwei Studien zur Entwicklung eines Kurzinstruments zur direkten Veränderungsmessung psychotherapeutischer Effekte werden dargestellt. Die Fragebogenkonstruktion fokussiert Veränderungen im Bereich des Befindens. An Studie I waren 150 Patienten von 14 niedergelassenen Psychotherapeuten beteiligt. Sie wurden nach dem Zufall einer Therapie- oder einer Wartelistekontrollgruppe zugewiesen. Nach dreimonatiger Psychotherapie bzw. Wartezeit beantworteten alle den aus zwölf Komparativaussagen bestehenden „Veränderungsfragebogen zum Entspannungserleben und Befinden – Psychotherapie” (VFE-PT). Die Änderungssensivität des Kurzfragebogens für Psychotherapieeffekte wird im Vergleich zur unbehandelten Kontrollgruppe auf Item- und Skalenniveau empirisch bestätigt. Studie II folgt einem naturalistischen Design, nach dem 275 erwachsene ambulante Patienten den VFE-PT 12 bis 20 Wochen nach Therapiebeginn ausgefüllt haben. Die Befunde bestätigen die guten Itemparameter und interne Konsistenz des Verfahrens. Die konvergente Validität des VFE-PT wird durch bedeutsame Korrelationen zu Indikatoren klinisch relevanter Veränderungen aus der indirekten Veränderungsmessung bestätigt.

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Smith, B. E., R. R. Eady, D. J. Lowe, and C. Gormal. "The vanadium-iron protein of vanadium nitrogenase from Azotobacter chroococcum contains an iron-vanadium cofactor." Biochemical Journal 250, no. 1 (February 15, 1988): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2500299.

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N-Methylformamide extracts of acid-treated precipitated VFe protein of the V-nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum are yellow-brown in colour and contain vanadium, iron and acid-labile sulphur in the approximate proportions 1:6:5. E.p.r. spectra of the extracts exhibit a weak signal with g values near 4.5, 3.6 and 2.0 characteristic of an S = 3/2 metal-containing centre. The N-methylformamide extracts activated the MoFe protein polypeptides from mutants of nitrogen-fixing bacteria unable to synthesize FeMoco, the active centre of Mo-nitrogenase. The active hybrid protein exhibited the characteristic substrate-reducing phenotype associated with the VFe protein except that it could not reduce N2 to NH3. The above data are interpreted as demonstrating the existence of an iron- and vanadium-containing cofactor, FeVaco, within the VFe protein. It is suggested that nitrogen fixation requires specific interactions between FeVaco or FeMoco and their respective polypeptides. The biosynthesis of these cofactors is discussed.

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Li, Jiaxin, Zhaoxin Zhang, and Changyong Guo. "Machine Learning-Based Malicious X.509 Certificates’ Detection." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2021): 2164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052164.

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X.509 certificates play an important role in encrypting the transmission of data on both sides under HTTPS. With the popularization of X.509 certificates, more and more criminals leverage certificates to prevent their communications from being exposed by malicious traffic analysis tools. Phishing sites and malware are good examples. Those X.509 certificates found in phishing sites or malware are called malicious X.509 certificates. This paper applies different machine learning models, including classical machine learning models, ensemble learning models, and deep learning models, to distinguish between malicious certificates and benign certificates with Verification for Extraction (VFE). The VFE is a system we design and implement for obtaining plentiful characteristics of certificates. The result shows that ensemble learning models are the most stable and efficient models with an average accuracy of 95.9%, which outperforms many previous works. In addition, we obtain an SVM-based detection model with an accuracy of 98.2%, which is the highest accuracy. The outcome indicates the VFE is capable of capturing essential and crucial characteristics of malicious X.509 certificates.

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Lee, Ji Hwan, Sullim Lee, Quynh Nhu Nguyen, Hung Manh Phung, Myoung-Sook Shin, Jae-Yong Kim, Hyukjae Choi, Sang Hee Shim, and Ki Sung Kang. "Identification of the Active Ingredient and Beneficial Effects of Vitex rotundifolia Fruits on Menopausal Symptoms in Ovariectomized Rats." Biomolecules 11, no. 7 (July 16, 2021): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11071033.

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Estrogen replacement therapy is a treatment to relieve the symptoms of menopause. Many studies suggest that natural bioactive ingredients from plants resemble estrogen in structure and biological functions and can relieve symptoms of menopause. The fruit of V. rotundifolia, called “Man HyungJa” in Korean, is a traditional medicine used to treat headache, migraine, eye pain, neuralgia, and premenstrual syndrome in Korea and China. The aim of the present study was to confirm that V. rotundifolia fruit extract (VFE) exerts biological functions similar to those of estrogen in menopausal syndrome. We investigated its in vitro effects on MCF-7 cells and in vivo estrogen-like effects on weight gain and uterine contraction in ovariectomized rats. Using the polar extract, the active constituents of VFE (artemetin, vitexicarpin, hesperidin, luteolin, vitexin, and vanillic acid) with estrogen-like activity were identified in MCF-7 cells. In animal experiments, the efficacy of VFE in ameliorating body weight gain was similar to that of estrogen, as evidenced from improvements in uterine atrophy. Vitexin and vitexicarpin are suggested as the active constituents of V. rotundifolia fruits.

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Arber, J. M., B. R. Dobson, R. R. Eady, S. S. Hasnain, C. D. Garner, T. Matsushita, M. Nomura, and B. E. Smith. "Vanadium K-edge X-ray-absorption spectroscopy of the functioning and thionine-oxidized forms of the VFe-protein of the vanadium nitrogenase from Azotobacter chroococcum." Biochemical Journal 258, no. 3 (March 15, 1989): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2580733.

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Vanadium K-edge X-ray-absorption spectra were collected for samples of thionine-oxidized, super-reduced (during enzyme turnover) and dithionite-reduced VFe-protein of the vanadium nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum (Acl*). Both the e.x.a.f.s and the x.a.n.e.s. (X-ray-absorption near-edge structure) are consistent with the vanadium being present as part of a VFeS cluster; the environment of the vanadium is not changed significantly in different oxidation states of the protein. The vanadium atom is bound to three oxygen (or nitrogen), three sulphur and three iron atoms at 0.215(3), 0.231(3) and 0.275(3) nm respectively.

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Gu, Nina X., Gaël Ung, and Jonas C. Peters. "Catalytic hydrazine disproportionation mediated by a thiolate-bridged VFe complex." Chemical Communications 55, no. 37 (2019): 5363–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc00345b.

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A heterobimetallic VFe complex is demonstrated to catalyse hydrazine disproportionation with yields of up to 1073 equivalents of NH₃ per catalyst, comparable to the highest turnover known for any molecular catalyst.

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Kawamura, Naoko, Osamu Shiromoto, Ryuichi Mochizuki, Shinobu Iwaki, and Yoko Umeda. "Factors Influencing Therapeutics Effects of Vocal Function Exercise (VFE)." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 55, no. 2 (2014): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.55.137.

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Luckring, James M., and Dietrich Hummel. "What was learned from the new VFE-2 experiments." Aerospace Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (January 2013): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2011.07.012.

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18

Benediktsson, Bardi, Albert Th Thorhallsson, and Ragnar Bjornsson. "QM/MM calculations reveal a bridging hydroxo group in a vanadium nitrogenase crystal structure." Chemical Communications 54, no. 53 (2018): 7310–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc03793k.

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19

Cheng, Zian, Xiaoping Pang, Xi Zhao, and Alfred Stein. "Heat Flux Sources Analysis to the Ross Ice Shelf Polynya Ice Production Time Series and the Impact of Wind Forcing." Remote Sensing 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11020188.

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The variation of Ross Ice Shelf Polynya (RISP) ice production is a synergistic result of several factors. This study aims to analyze the 2003–2017 RISP ice production time series with respect to the impact of wind forcing on heat flux sources. RISP ice production was estimated from passive microwave sea ice concentration images and reanalysis meteorological data using a thermodynamic model. The total ice production was divided into four components according to the amount of ice produced by different heat fluxes: solar radiation component (Vs), longwave radiation component (Vl), sensible heat flux component (Vfs), and latent heat flux component (Vfe). The results show that Vfs made the largest contribution, followed by Vl and Vfe, while Vs had a negative contribution. Our study reveals that total ice production and Vl, Vfs, and Vfe highly correlated with the RISP area size, whereas Vs negatively correlated with the RISP area size in October, and had a weak influence from April to September. Since total ice production strongly correlates with the polynya area and this significantly correlates with the wind speed of the previous day, strong wind events lead to sharply increased ice production most of the time. Strong wind events, however, may only lead to mildly increasing ice production in October, when enlarged Vs reduces the ice production. Wind speed influences ice production by two mechanisms: impact on polynya area, and impact on heat exchange and phase transformation of ice. Vfs and Vfe are influenced by both mechanisms, while Vs and Vl are only influenced by impact on polynya area. These two mechanisms show different degrees of influence on ice production during different periods. Persistent offshore winds were responsible for the large RISP area and high ice production in October 2005 and June 2007.

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Chervin, Christopher N., Jesse S. Ko, Bryan W. Miller, Lisa Dudek, Azzam N. Mansour, Martin D. Donakowski, Todd Brintlinger, et al. "Defective by design: vanadium-substituted iron oxide nanoarchitectures as cation-insertion hosts for electrochemical charge storage." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 22 (2015): 12059–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta01507c.

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Lee, C. C., Y. Hu, and M. W. Ribbe. "Unique features of the nitrogenase VFe protein from Azotobacter vinelandii." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 23 (May 28, 2009): 9209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904408106.

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Zhao, Bing, Haiyan Lu, Ija Likhtina, Joseph Jules, and John R. Lombardi. "Spectroscopy of mass-selected VCo and VFe in argon matrices." Journal of Chemical Physics 118, no. 21 (June 2003): 9704–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1571523.

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23

Shaevitz, M. H., C. Arroyo, T. A. Bolton, B. J. King, K. T. Bachmann, A. O. Bazarko, R. E. Blair, et al. "Precision measurement of sin2θW from vFe scattering at the Tevatron." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 31 (April 1993): 278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5632(93)90146-w.

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Kansy, Jerzy, Aneta Hanc, Magdalena Jabłońska, E. Bernstock-Kopaczyńska, and Dawid Giebel. "Point Defect Study in Fe₇₂Al₂₈ Alloy as a Function of Thermal Treatment by Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy." Materials Science Forum 666 (December 2010): 50–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.666.50.

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The defect structure of Fe28Al samples is examined with the Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. The studies are carried out for samples in as-cast state and after heat treatments: annealing for 24 hours at 900°C (or 1050°C) and either slow cooling with furnace or quenching to oil. The PALS spectra are analyzed using two-state trapping model. Only one type of defects is detected. The positron lifetime in these defects (V) suggests that they are quenched-in Fe-monovacancies (VFe). The vacancy concentration strongly depends on the rate of cooling. Besides, V also depends slightly on the rate of cooling of the material. This fact suggests, according to the predictions of latest theoretical calculations, that V is sensitive to the atomic configuration in the nearest neighborhood of VFe, which give hope to estimate the degree of atomic ordering in alloys by the PALS technique.

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Blanchard, Carol Z., and Brian J. Hales. "Isolation of Two Forms of the Nitrogenase VFe Protein fromAzotobacter vinelandii†." Biochemistry 35, no. 2 (January 1996): 472–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi951429j.

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Cerón Gómez, Miller, and Hyun Mo Yang. "A simple mathematical model to describe antibody-dependent enhancement in heterologous secondary infection in dengue." Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA 36, no. 4 (October 9, 2018): 411–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imammb/dqy016.

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Abstract We develop a mathematical model to describe the role of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) in heterologous secondary infections, assuming that antibodies specific to primary dengue virus (DENV) infection are being produced by immunological memory. The model has a virus-free equilibrium (VFE) and a unique virus-presence equilibrium (VPE). VFE is asymptotically stable when VPE is unstable; and unstable, otherwise. Additionally, there is an asymptotic attractor (not a fixed point) due to the fact that the model assumes unbounded increase in memory cells. In the analysis of the model, ADE must be accounted in the initial stage of infection (a window of time of few days), period of time elapsed from the heterologous infection until the immune system mounting an effective response against the secondary infection. We apply the results yielded by model to evaluate ADE phenomonon in heterologous DENV infection. We also associate the possible occurrence of severe dengue with huge viremia mediated by ADE phenomenon.

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Xu, Zhongfeng, Zhaolu Hou, Ying Han, and Weidong Guo. "A diagram for evaluating multiple aspects of model performance in simulating vector fields." Geoscientific Model Development 9, no. 12 (December 6, 2016): 4365–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-9-4365-2016.

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Abstract. Vector quantities, e.g., vector winds, play an extremely important role in climate systems. The energy and water exchanges between different regions are strongly dominated by wind, which in turn shapes the regional climate. Thus, how well climate models can simulate vector fields directly affects model performance in reproducing the nature of a regional climate. This paper devises a new diagram, termed the vector field evaluation (VFE) diagram, which is a generalized Taylor diagram and able to provide a concise evaluation of model performance in simulating vector fields. The diagram can measure how well two vector fields match each other in terms of three statistical variables, i.e., the vector similarity coefficient, root mean square length (RMSL), and root mean square vector difference (RMSVD). Similar to the Taylor diagram, the VFE diagram is especially useful for evaluating climate models. The pattern similarity of two vector fields is measured by a vector similarity coefficient (VSC) that is defined by the arithmetic mean of the inner product of normalized vector pairs. Examples are provided, showing that VSC can identify how close one vector field resembles another. Note that VSC can only describe the pattern similarity, and it does not reflect the systematic difference in the mean vector length between two vector fields. To measure the vector length, RMSL is included in the diagram. The third variable, RMSVD, is used to identify the magnitude of the overall difference between two vector fields. Examples show that the VFE diagram can clearly illustrate the extent to which the overall RMSVD is attributed to the systematic difference in RMSL and how much is due to the poor pattern similarity.

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28

Andringa, Aukje, Carel Meskers, Ingrid van de Port, Erwin van Wegen, and Gert Kwakkel. "Time Course of Wrist Hyper-Resistance in Relation to Upper Limb Motor Recovery Early Post Stroke." Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 34, no. 8 (June 7, 2020): 690–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1545968320932135.

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Background. Patients with an upper limb motor impairment are likely to develop wrist hyper-resistance during the first months post stroke. The time course of wrist hyper-resistance in terms of neural and biomechanical components, and their interaction with motor recovery, is poorly understood. Objective. To investigate the time course of neural and biomechanical components of wrist hyper-resistance in relation to upper limb motor recovery in the first 6 months post stroke. Methods. Neural (NC), biomechanical elastic (EC), and viscous (VC) components of wrist hyper-resistance (NeuroFlexor device), and upper limb motor recovery (Fugl-Meyer upper extremity scale [FM-UE]), were assessed in 17 patients within 3 weeks and at 5, 12, and 26 weeks post stroke. Patients were stratified according to the presence of voluntary finger extension (VFE) at baseline. Time course of wrist hyper-resistance components and assumed interaction effects were analyzed using linear mixed models. Results. On average, patients without VFE at baseline (n = 8) showed a significant increase in NC, EC, and VC, and an increase in FM-UE from 13 to 26 points within the first 6 months post stroke. A significant increase in NC within 5 weeks preceded a significant increase in EC between weeks 12 and 26. Patients with VFE at baseline (n = 9) showed, on average, no significant increase in components from baseline to 6 months whereas FM-UE scores improved from 38 to 60 points. Conclusion. Our findings suggest that the development of neural and biomechanical wrist hyper-resistance components in patients with severe baseline motor deficits is determined by lack of spontaneous neurobiological recovery early post stroke.

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Hummel, D. "The Second International Vortex Flow Experiment (VFE-2): Objectives and first results." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 220, no. 6 (May 2006): 559–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544100jaero72.

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Hummel, Dietrich J. "The International Vortex Flow Experiment 2 (VFE-2): Background, objectives and organization." Aerospace Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (January 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2012.08.008.

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31

Ravi, N., V. Moore, S. G. Lloyd, B. J. Hales, and B. H. Huynh. "Mössbauer characterization of the metal clusters in Azotobacter vinelandii nitrogenase VFe protein." Journal of Biological Chemistry 269, no. 33 (August 1994): 20920–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9258(17)31909-9.

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32

Thorneley, R. N. F., N. H. J. Bergström, R. R. Eady, and D. J. Lowe. "Vanadium nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum. MgATP-dependent electron transfer within the protein complex." Biochemical Journal 257, no. 3 (February 1, 1989): 789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2570789.

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The kinetics of MgATP-induced electron transfer from the Fe protein (Ac2V) to the VFe protein (AclV) of the vanadium-containing nitrogenase from Azotobacter chroococcum were studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry at 23 degrees C at pH 7.2. They are very similar to those of the molybdenum nitrogenase of Klebsiella pneumoniae [Thorneley (1975) Biochem. J. 145, 391-396]. Extrapolation of the dependence of kobs. on [MgATP] to infinite MgATP concentration gave k = 46 s-1 for the first-order electron-transfer reaction that occurs with the Ac2V MgATPAclV complex. MgATP binds with an apparent KD = 230 +/- 10 microM and MgADP acts as a competitive inhibitor with Ki = 30 +/- 5 microM. The Fe protein and VFe protein associate with k greater than or equal to 3 x 10(7) M-1.s-1. A comparison of the dependences of kobs. for electron transfer on protein concentrations for the vanadium nitrogenase from A. chroococcum with those for the molybdenum nitrogenase from K. pneumoniae [Lowe & Thorneley (1984) Biochem. J. 224, 895-901] indicates that the proteins of the vanadium nitrogenase system form a weaker electron-transfer complex.

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33

Perin, J., G. Agnesina, R. Taiar, and Y. Toshev. "Analysis of the plantar foot pressure during walking: VFE position and VRI position." Journal of Biomechanics 39 (January 2006): S552—S553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(06)85276-0.

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34

Hatanaka, Tsubasa, Hinano Kusunose, Hiroyuki Kawaguchi, and Yasuhiro Funahashi. "Dinitrogen Activation by a Heterometallic VFe Complex Derived from 1,1'-Bis(arylamido)vanadocene." European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 2020, no. 15-16 (December 17, 2019): 1449–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejic.201901120.

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35

Eady, R. R., R. L. Robson, T. H. Richardson, R. W. Miller, and M. Hawkins. "The vanadium nitrogenase of Azotobacter chroococcum. Purification and properties of the VFe protein." Biochemical Journal 244, no. 1 (May 15, 1987): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2440197.

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1. Nitrogenase activity of a strain of Azotobacter chroococcum lacking the structural genes for conventional nitrogenase (nifHDK) was separated into two components: an Fe-containing protein and a vanadoprotein. 2. The larger protein was purified to homogeneity by the criterion of electrophoresis of 10% (w/v) acrylamide gels in the presence of SDS. Two types of subunit, of Mr 50,000 and 55,000, were present in equal amounts. 3. The protein had an Mr of 210,000 and contained 2 V atoms, 23 Fe atoms and 20 acid-labile sulphide groups per molecule. The Mo content was less than 0.06 g-atom/mol. All the common amino acids were present, with a predominance of acidic residues. Ultracentrifugal analysis gave a maximum sedimentation coefficient of 9.7 S and a symmetrical boundary at 5 mg of protein X ml-1; dissociation occurred at lower concentrations. The specific activities (nmol of product/min per mg of protein), when assayed under optimum conditions with the complementary Fe protein from this strain, were 1348 for H2 evolution, 350 for NH3 formation and 608 for acetylene reduction. Activity was O2-labile, with a t1/2 of 40 s in air. At low temperatures the dithionite-reduced protein showed e.p.r. signals at g = 5.6, 4.35, 3.77 and 1.93, consistent with an S = 3/2 ground state with an additional S = 1/2 centre giving rise to the feature at g = 1.93. The u.v. spectra of dithionite-reduced and thionine-oxidized protein were very similar. Oxidation resulted in a general increase in absorbance in the visible region. The shoulder at 380 nm in the spectrum of reduced protein was replaced with shoulders near 330 nm and 420 nm on oxidation.

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36

Taizhong, Huang, Wu Zhu, Xia Baojia, and Xu Naixin. "Effect of stoichiometry on hydrogen storage performance of Ti–Cr–VFe based alloys." Intermetallics 13, no. 10 (January 2005): 1075–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2004.12.024.

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37

Konobeev, Yu V., V. A. Pechenkin, and S. I. Rudnev. "The dependence of void swelling bias factor on iron concentration in VFe alloys." Journal of Nuclear Materials 233-237 (October 1996): 1070–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(95)00177-8.

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38

Li, Li. "An Initial Investigation of Adjoint-Based Unstructured Grid Adaptation for Vortical Flow Simulations." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/217326.

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A computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) method utilizing unstructured grid technology has been employed to compute vortical flow around a65°delta wing with sharp leading edge, which is specially known as the geometry of the second international vortex flow experiment (VFE-2). In VFE-2,65°delta wings with different leading edges had been broadly investigated by experiments, which resulted in a special database for CFDs codes validation. The emphasis of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of an adjoint-base grid adaptation method for unstructured grid in capturing concentrated vortices generated at sharp edges or flow separation lines of lifting surfaces flying at high angles of attack. Earlier experiences in vortical flow simulations had indicated that the vortex behavior is highly dependent on the local grid resolution both on body surface and space. The adjoint-based adaptation method used here is hoped to save grid points with a reasonable grid resolution for vortical flow simulations. The basic idea is to construct a new adaptive sensor in a grid adaptation process with the intent to tell where the elements should be smaller or larger by introducing an adjoint formulation to relate the estimated functional error to local residual errors of both the primal and adjoint solutions.

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Taizhong, Huang, Wu Zhu, Chen Jinzhou, Yu Xuebin, Xia Baojia, and Xu Naixin. "Dependence of hydrogen storage capacity of TiCr1.8−X(VFe)X on V–Fe content." Materials Science and Engineering: A 385, no. 1-2 (November 2004): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2004.03.043.

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40

Mato, Shogo, Makoto Miyamoto, Itaru Watanabe, Yoshiyuki Hayashi, Tsubasa Ishii, Hideki Nakagawa, and Koichiro Saito. "A Study on the Impact of Vocal Function Exercise (VFE) on Vocal Fold Atrophy." Japan Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 59, no. 4 (2018): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5112/jjlp.59.311.

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41

Cummings, Russell M., and Andreas Schütte. "Detached-Eddy Simulation of the vortical flow field about the VFE-2 delta wing." Aerospace Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (January 2013): 66–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2012.02.007.

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Konrath, Robert, Christian Klein, and Andreas Schröder. "PSP and PIV investigations on the VFE-2 configuration in sub- and transonic flow." Aerospace Science and Technology 24, no. 1 (January 2013): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2012.09.003.

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43

Zhang, Meng-Zhuo, Zhongfeng Xu, Ying Han, and Weidong Guo. "An improved multivariable integrated evaluation method and tool (MVIETool) v1.0 for multimodel intercomparison." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 3079–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-3079-2021.

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Abstract. An evaluation of a model's overall performance in simulating multiple fields is fundamental to model intercomparison and development. A multivariable integrated evaluation (MVIE) method was proposed previously based on a vector field evaluation (VFE) diagram, which can provide quantitative and comprehensive evaluation on multiple fields. In this study, we make further improvements to this method from the following aspects. (1) We take area weighting into account in the definition of statistics in the VFE diagram and MVIE method, which is particularly important for a global evaluation. (2) We consider the combination of multiple scalar fields and vector fields against multiple scalar fields alone in the previous MVIE method. (3) A multivariable integrated skill score (MISS) is proposed as a flexible index to measure a model's ability to simulate multiple fields. Compared with the multivariable integrated evaluation index (MIEI) proposed in the previous study, MISS is a normalized index that can adjust the relative importance of different aspects of model performance. (4) A simple-to-use and straightforward tool, the Multivariable Integrated Evaluation Tool (MVIETool version 1.0), is developed to facilitate an intercomparison of the performance of various models. Users can use the tool coded either with the open-source NCAR Command Language (NCL) or Python3 to calculate the MVIE statistics and plotting. With the support of this tool, one can easily evaluate model performance in terms of each individual variable and/or multiple variables.

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44

Gu, Yan Hong, Wan Ping Chen, Ming Jian Ding, and Jian Quan Qi. "Dielectric Properties of BiFeO₃ Ceramics with Equal and Unequal Substitutions of Ti for Fe." Key Engineering Materials 434-435 (March 2010): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.434-435.278.

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BiFeO3, BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3 and BiFe0.9Ti0.05O3 ceramics were prepared by solid state reactions and were compared in electrical and dielectric properties. The resistivity of BiFe0.9Ti0.05O3 was 1.3×1012 Ω cm, which was about two and a half orders of magnitude higher than that of BiFeO3. and three times higher than that of BiFe0.9Ti0.1O3. The dielectric loss of BiFe0.9Ti0.05O3 was 0.1 and 0.02 at 100Hz and 1MHz, respectively. These phenomena can be explained base on the decrease of oxygen vacancies VO•• and defect complexes between the ferrum vacancies VFe and oxygen vacancies VO•• in the ceramics.

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45

Daman Huri, Muhammad Zal Aminullah, Shabudin Bin Mat, Mazuriah Said, Shuhaimi Mansor, Md Nizam Dahalan, and Ainullotfi Abdul-Latif. "Experimental Investigation on Blunt-Edged UTM Delta Wing VFE-2 Configurations at Low Reynolds Number." International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2018): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v12i3.13235.

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46

Miura, Yukio, Kyohei Yoshimitsu, Nobuyuki Takatani, Yoshihito Watanabe, and Hiroshi Nakajima. "Effect of nitric oxide on VnfA, a transcriptional activator of VFe-nitrogenase in Azotobacter vinelandii." Journal of Biochemistry 157, no. 5 (December 9, 2014): 365–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jb/mvu083.

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47

Glazer, Alexander N., and Katerina J. Kechris. "Conserved Amino Acid Sequence Features in the α Subunits of MoFe, VFe, and FeFe Nitrogenases." PLoS ONE 4, no. 7 (July 3, 2009): e6136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006136.

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48

Yang, Shao, Fei Yang, Chaoling Wu, Yungui Chen, Yuan Mao, and Linshan Luo. "Hydrogen storage and cyclic properties of (VFe)60(TiCrCo)40-xZrx (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) alloys." Journal of Alloys and Compounds 663 (April 2016): 460–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2015.12.125.

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49

Tittsworth, Roland C., and Brian J. Hales. "Oxidative Titration of the Nitrogenase VFe Protein fromAzotobacter vinelandii: An Example of Redox-Gated Electron Flow†." Biochemistry 35, no. 2 (January 1996): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi951430i.

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50

Sumin, Vladimir I. "Volterra funktional equations in the stability problem for the existence of global solutions of distributed controlled systems." Russian Universities Reports. Mathematics, no. 132 (2020): 422–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2686-9667-2020-25-132-422-440.

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Earlier the author proposed a rather general form of describing controlled initial–boundary value problems (CIBVPs) by means of Volterra functional equations (VFE) z(t)=f(t,A[z](t),v(t) ), t≡{t^1,⋯,t^n }∈Π⊂R^n, z∈L_p^m≡(L_p (Π) )^m, where f(.,.,.):Π×R^l×R^s→R^m; v(.)∈D⊂L_k^s – control function; A:L_p^m (Π)→L_q^l (Π)- linear operator; the operator A is a Volterra operator for some system T of subsets of the set Π in the following sense: for any H∈T, the restriction A├ [z]┤|_H does not depend on the values of ├ z┤|_(Π\H); (this definition of the Volterra operator is a direct multidimensional generalization of the well-known Tikhonov definition of a functional Volterra type operator). Various CIBVP (for nonlinear hyperbolic and parabolic equations, integro-differential equations, equations with delay, etc.) are reduced by the method of conversion the main part to such functional equations. The transition to equivalent VFE-description of CIBVP is adequate to many problems of distributed optimization. In particular, the author proposed (using such description) a scheme for obtaining sufficient stability conditions (under perturbations of control) of the existence of global solutions for CIBVP. The scheme uses continuation local solutions of functional equation (that is, solutions on the sets H∈T). This continuation is realized with the help of the chain {H_1⊂H_2⊂⋯⊂H_(k-1)⊂H_k≡Π}, where H_i∈T, i=¯(1,k.) A special local existence theorem is applied. This theorem is based on the principle of contraction mappings. In the case p=q=k=∞ under natural assumptions, the possibility of applying this principle is provided by the following: the right-hand side operator F_v [z(.) ](t)≡f(t,A[z](t),v(t)) satisfies the Lipschitz condition in the operator form with the quasi-nilpotent «Lipschitz operator». This allows (using well-known results of functional analysis) to introduce in the space L_∞^m (H) such an equivalent norm in which the operator of the right-hand side will be contractive. In the general case 1≤p,q,k ≤∞, (this case covers a much wider class of CIBVP), the operator F_v; as a rule, does not satisfy such Lipschitz condition. From the results obtained by the author earlier, it follows that in this case there also exists an equivalent norm of the space L_p^m (H), for which the operator F_v is a contraction operator. The corresponding basic theorem (equivalent norm theorem) is based on the notion of equipotential quasi-nilpotency of a family of linear operators, acting in a Banach space. This article shows how this theorem can be applied to obtain sufficient stability conditions (under perturbations of control) of the existence of global solutions of VFE.

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